前段时间做了些展示页，工作时需要给到切图给前端。以我的习惯，每次都会导出 PNG 并压缩后才交付给前端。有一天我突然想到：

为什么我每次切图时下意识都是会提供 PNG 格式给开发，而不是使用 JPG 格式的图片？这是什么时候开始的习惯？

回想起来应该是我刚刚进职场的时候，在一些设计文章里听过的说法：

1. PNG 图片支持透明通道，适用场景比 JPG 要更加宽广，无脑 PNG 即可；
2. PNG 图片支持 “无损压缩”，所以图像质量会比 JPG 好一些。

第一点毋庸置疑，但对于第二点我是有点怀疑的：PNG 图片的质量真的在任何时候都比 JPG 要高吗？并且更想知道所谓的 “无损压缩” 是什么，真有这么厉害的技术？所以我打算花点时间做下研究，顺便将研究结果分享给其他团队的设计师们。

这篇文章是一篇在团队月度分享会的记录，分享会内容主要是在回答这个问题：

JPG 和 PNG 分别适合储存什么类型的图片？

回答完这个问题后，我会简单介绍下 JPG 和 PNG 图片压缩机制。正是因为 JPG 和 PNG 这两种图片格式的压缩机制的不同才导致适合储存不同类型的图片。

以及扩展一下思路，会介绍一个我已经实际工作用过的方法：通过 CSS 的混合模式节省网页图片资源。

一、图片压缩分析

分析方法

这次我用了三种类型的图片进行分析，都是我在实际设计工作中有可能导出成位图交付给前端开发的图片类型：

1. 颜色丰富的 Banner 图：测试压缩算法在细节保持方面的表现
2. 过渡柔和的背景图：测试压缩算法在处理低色彩复杂度时的表现
3. 界面设计图：测试压缩对大色块、文字和边缘清晰度的影响

具体的分析过程：拿三个在设计工作中常用到的图片类型（相同尺寸、均无透明通道）进行压缩，以对比 JPG & PNG 图片在压缩前后的表现。分两个维度进行对比：图片体积和图像质量。

分析结果

一、图片体积对比

由上图对比可以比较直观的看到，前两个类型（颜色丰富的 Banner 图、过渡柔和的背景图）在图片体积上，JPG 格式图片的体积要比 PNG 格式的图片体积小得多。

通过这一轮对比，我们可以得出结论：

1. 画面颜色丰富、颜色过渡比较细腻柔和的图片，JPG 图片的体积比 PNG 的更小；
2. 画面颜色越丰富，JPG 图片越能节省空间；
3. 颜色数量较少时，PNG 图片的体积比 JPG 图片的更小；
4. PNG 图片在压缩后，色块、文字的边缘的质量会比 JPG 图片要好得多。

二、图像质量对比

对比一：颜色丰富的 Banner 图

这一轮我们会放大图片的局部，对比 JPG 和 PNG 图片在经过压缩后，图像质量的区别。

在颜色丰富的图像中，JPG 图片的颜色过渡质量比 PNG 好得多，即便是压缩过后也能保持柔和的过渡。反观 PNG 图片，则是出现了明显的色块。

在文字、边缘的展示方面，PNG 图片则比 JPG 图片好一些。PNG 图片保持了原本清晰、锐利的边缘，而 JPG 图片则在处理边缘时有些许杂色。

对比二：过渡柔和的背景图

这是一个令人意外的结果，在图像内容比较简单，仅仅只有一些色彩过渡的时候，JPG 和 PNG 图片的质量都很接近。只有在放大很多倍的时候才能看到 PNG 的图片过渡效果比 JPG 要差一些，还是出现了和前一种类型类似的色块现象。

为了探究得更深入些，我在这里用了一张暗色系且过渡柔和的背景图进行同样的压缩测试，这次的测试结果对比会明显很多。

在深色系且有柔和过渡的图片当中，JPG 图像的质量明显比 PNG 要高。如上图所示，PNG 图片的色块和噪点已经比较明显了，而 JPG 仍然保持较柔和的过渡。

对比三：界面设计图

在对比界面设计图时可以看到，PNG 格式的图片在处理色块边缘、文字边缘时都比 JPG 图片要好得多，边缘很清晰锐利，甚至和压缩前的原图没有什么分别。

三、总结

经过上述对三种不同类型图片的图片体积、画面质量对比后，我这里总结出了以下规律：

1. JPG 格式适用于颜色丰富，过渡柔和，有丰富的颜色渐变和复杂的视觉元素的图片。比如网站 Banner、大场景、3D 渲染图、摄影图片等，此时用 JPG 图片可以得到体积小且颜色漂亮的图片；
2. PNG 格式适用于颜色数量少，色块切割明显的图片。比如界面、扁平插画、Logo，带有文字的图片等，此时用 PNG 图片可以得到体积小，色彩准确且边缘清晰的图片。

二、图片压缩过程

这一章会探索 JPG & PNG 图片的压缩过程，这也是导致上文提到 JPG 和 PNG 压缩后图像差异的原因。

JPG 图片压缩过程

JPG 图片压缩过程主要有以下几步：

1. 色彩空间转换（预处理）
2. 下采样（有损压缩）
3. 分块和离散余弦变换（预处理）
4. 量化（有损压缩）
5. 编码
6. 存储

在整个压缩过程中会进行两次预处理和有损压缩，分别是第 1、2 步和第 3、4 步。其他步骤与图像质量之间的关系不大，所以我这里就只介绍这两次的预处理和压缩。

第一次预处理和压缩（色彩空间转换和下采样）

我们设计师平常接触到的 “RGB” 或 “CMYK” 色彩空间，一个字母代表一种颜色，比如 “RGB” 意味着 “红绿蓝”，“RGB” 的色值代表红色、蓝色、绿色分别占多少。

而压缩工具拿到 JPG 图片后，会先将图片转换为一个叫 “YCbCr” 的色彩空间。其中 “Y” 代表了这张图片的亮度信息，而 “Cb/Cr” 分别代表图片中蓝色和红色与亮度 “Y” 的差值。经过这种转换，可以针对性地保留更多的亮度信息，而减少色度信息。简单来说就是能够让人眼难以感知到的方式来减少图像中的色彩信息，减少图片文件体积。

色彩空间转换之后，会进行一个叫 “下采样” 的压缩动作。维持亮度信息的同时，统一处理每个 2x2 的像素区块的色度信息（比如在一个 2x2 区块内 4 个像素在色彩上会被统一处理，看起来拥有相同的色度，但明度是不同的）

第二次预处理和压缩（分块、离散余弦变换和量化）

分块、离散余弦变换指的是会将图像分成多个 8*8 像素的色块，然后将其从像素域转换成频率。转换成频率域的意思是能够让电脑分辨图像中的：

1. 高频成分。颜色变化剧烈的部份，如色块、文字的边缘；
2. 低频成分。颜色变化平缓的部份，如下图所示的黄色渐变。

而量化则是利用了人类视觉对于图像中的高频变化不是很敏感这一点，通过减少高频区域的数据量，同时在低频区域保持一定精度，让人感觉到图片仍然很清晰。

简单来说，就是压缩算法知道图像里哪些部分的色彩过渡比较缓和，哪些部分的色彩过渡是强烈的，然后对色彩过渡比较强烈的部份使用较高的压缩率。

结论

所以正如前面对比分析时看到的结果那样，JPG 图片对于色彩丰富的图片的压缩效果比较好，因为 JPG 的压缩算法会根据人眼的特点来优化图片的不同区域。

PNG 图片压缩过程

PNG 图片的的压缩过程主要有以下几步，其中只有前三步对图像画质有影响，这里只介绍前三步：

1. 量化（有损压缩）
2. 过滤器选择（预处理）
3. DEFLATE 压缩（无损压缩）
4. 合成输出

量化

第一步的量化是根据图像的需求选择合适的颜色类型和位深度，简单来说就是直接减少图片的颜色数量。这是最直接有效的压缩方式，同时也对图像质量损耗较大。

下图可以看到一个图像从 24 位（能储存 1677 万种颜色，又称真彩色）减少到 8 位色（能储存 256 种颜色，又称索引色）时，会出现色带现象 (Color Banding)

过滤器选择和 DEFLATE 压缩

这一步才是 PNG 图片的无损压缩。首先会先扫描 PNG 图片的每一行像素，然后以一种新的方式计算每个像素格子的颜色值。比如一个叫 “Sub” 的过滤器，每个像素值是通过当前像素值减去该像素左边像素值得到的；一个叫 “Average” 的过滤器，每个像素值是通过当前像素值减去当前像素左边和上方像素值的平均值得到的。

而 DEFLATE 压缩，这里会用到的方式有很多，比如 LZ77 编码和哈夫曼编码，这里不展开说明了，简单来说就是对过滤过的数据以更优的方式编码，达到减少文件大小的目的。

结论

基于上文提到的过滤器，不难想象到这种无损压缩的方式对于颜色分明的图片 — 比如纯色图标，App 界面截图，扁平插画等 — 很有用，因为像素之间存在细微差异的地方不多，画面上都是大色块居多。

三、其他解决方案

前面提到了很多跟图像压缩相关的事情，这些都是与网页加载优化息息相关的。正好我前段时间做了一个需求，我让前端帮忙做了一件事来节省了大量的图片素材，也算是一次网页加载优化的小案例。

我的设计方案里需要用到八种主题色来作为对卡片的区分，然后我会给这八种主题色的卡片提供一个有简单渐变图像的背景图用以装饰画面，让其过渡不太生硬。设计稿如下图：

如果按常规的做法和给予上文的调研，我将要提供八张代表不同颜色主题且经过压缩的 JPG 图片给到前端。但是在实际工作中，我只提供了一张灰色的背景图，然后让前端帮忙用 CSS 的颜色叠加 “Screen” 方式来给这张灰色图片上色，达到的效果是与设计稿一模一样的。

下面这张图或许能直接地解释其原理，我先提供一个灰色的素材图，里面只有黑和白之间的明度变化，然后前端会写一个颜色块在这个图片上面，最后使用 CSS 属性 background-blend-mode: screen; 将这张灰色的图片和色块进行叠加，得到了与主题色对应的背景图。

最终我仅用一张素材图实现了原本需要八张素材图才能实现的效果，成就感满满！

总结

这次做的调研确实打破了我从业以来多年的错误观念，现在我清晰地知道了：

1. JPG 和 PNG 适合储存的图像是不一样的；
2. JPG 和 PNG 的压缩算法导致了图片在压缩后的表现不一样。

虽然这些跟设计技能无关，但也算是一种视野的开拓吧。

这次的分享会是从一个 UI 设计师的角度去探索的，实际上我在 SHEIN 的工作更多是以交互设计师的角色去完成的，我已经有计划在之后的文章中分享更多交互设计的案例，读者们敬请期待吧。

Sharing: 3D modeling & rendering flow in Figma

Background

Current situation

I have been working for the current company for half a year. I have a clear picture of the working pattern: We are a small design team, but each member has to be responsible for both the UI and UX design for many internal systems.

Some of the design requirements are not complex at all, but the stakeholders want to make the interface aesthetically beautiful and different from other internal systems. In contrast, other demand sides hope designers can provide a clear and understandable solution to tackle the complex interaction flow.

The previous one was much more difficult for me since I was interviewed for the senior UX designer position, and I had not expected to address these design requirements, which may have occurred considerable times.

So it is time-consuming to design a portal website or refine a running internal system since I have to try multiple design solutions to ensure it will be aesthetically beautiful and outstanding.

Ideation

I wonder if 3D pictures could be a great approach to suit this type of design requirements. So I researched external products from large firms, trying to know how they use 3D pictures in their SaaS products.

After collecting and investing in multiple products, I found the patterns:

1. 3D pictures are most likely used in landing pages, login pages, portal pages, and the like;
2. Admin panels and dashboards do not use 3D pictures frequently, but they would appear in entries, feedback, and background decoration.

Conclusion

Based on the pattern above, real working conditions, and small-sized tries, I summarized the first conclusion:

1. 3D pictures are not frequently used on dashboard pages and system admin. However, using 3D pictures could improve the variety of pages. So it is not worth it to spend so much time on it.
2. 3D pictures can effectively meet the expectations of demand sides when they want to make their dashboard and admin pages distinguish from other similar sites.

Difficulties

Since I don’t have skills in 3D design, and my working strength is too high to spend much time learning, modeling, and rendering delicate 3D pictures, I just simply searched 3D visual elements on the Internet and then applied them to my deliverable.

Initially, this approach was workable and can help me complete my work quickly. However, drawbacks are uncovered after multiple uses:

1. Difficulties of matching business contexts. 3D pictures on the Internet support common scenarios well but can’t always precisely describe certain business scenarios.
2. Lack of series of an element. Although we finally found a perfect 3D picture, it is hard to reach other similar elements from the same series, resulting in poor scalability.
3. Risks of infringement. Using 3D pictures on the Internet might cause infringement, so applying it directly consists of potential risks.
4. Inconsistent quality. Free elements are not guaranteed quality and sometimes fail to meet the standards of our design team.

Here, I draw the second conclusion:

Searching for 3D pictures on the Internet has limited effectiveness, so we can’t fully rely on this approach.

After drawing this conclusion, I feel horrible: does it mean that I should strive to learn skills in 3D design? My work strength doesn’t allow me to learn professional 3D software like Cinema 4D or Blender.

After thorough consideration, I think the core demand for me is not to learn 3D software, rather, I should have the ability to gain 3D pictures. Apart from that, the whole process should consist of these features that suit my workflow well:

1. Quick render. Since it is not worth it to spend much time on it during my work time.
2. Consistent style. Ensuring our design has great scalability.
3. Great customizability. It means that I can fully control elements on 3D pictures, ensuring outputs highly represent the business requirements and contexts.

By chance, I know there is a plugin in Figma called “Vector to 3D”. By learning outputs published in the community, it seems that this plugin could meet the features above well, improving my work effectiveness and quality. So I asked my team leader if I could spend some time discovering this plugin and sharing my experiences with team members, and she approved.

Therefore, this post is to record my internal sharing: My experience of how to build 3D modeling & rendering flow in Figma that improves our design effectiveness and quality.

Work with Vector to 3D

Introducing the plugin

This is a paid plugin, we can search for and install it in the Figma community.

The control panel is comprised of three parts: Global, Object, and Animation settings. Here I will simply introduce the interface of the first two parts, ensuring all readers learn what this plugin can make.

For the Global setting, we can adjust the cameras, and background on the “General” panel; apart from that, we can set the render quality and details on the following panel called “Render”; and then we can control lights on the next panel named “Light and Shadow”, this panel supports varies functions of lights, like the number, size, position, strength, color and so forth.

For the Object setting, we can make a 3D model by extruding, inflating, or revolving, and then increase the detail of the model by setting “Mesh Quality”. Moreover, this plugin also supports material settings, like roughness, metallic, transmission, and the like.

These features are more than sufficient to handle nearly all of my design tasks.

Make a template

In this part, I will introduce two functions of this plugin: Save Preset and Template Preset.

Saving preset allows us to memorize the current view, modeling, and material settings of the frame. We can reload all the settings by the next open, even sharing with friends.

Templating Preset is not only the masterpiece of connecting the plugin with Figma but also a key factor in effectively generating 3D pictures.

Once we built a template, the plugin would memorize all the raw object preset, next step, we can replace the raw object with anything else, and succeed the raw object preset to it.

This approach is highly convenient for us when producing 3D elements. We just have to create a template, and then we replace various shapes, finally, we can produce endless 3D elements that fit our actual needs well.

How it works: First, we need to set the frame as a component and make the replaceable element that we want to replace with a new one a child component. (In the following example, I set the square bottom as a replaceable element.)

Second, we duplicate the whole component and tune settings in the plugin, then save it. (In the following example, I make a glass ball and a square bottom base with a metallic surface)

Third, we need to create a bunch of shapes that are to replace the replaceable element, making them an individual component and ensuring their layer number, order, and name are the same as the replaceable element.

Last, we can hold the keys “cmd” + “option”, drag a new shape component to replace the replaceable element, and then reload the model again. Now we can see the new shape is applied to the same presets.

Now we successfully made a template, we can produce endless 3D elements by creating and inserting new shapes.

Actual practice

Here, I will share a case that is already used multiple times in my daily workflow.

In this template, the shape of icons and background are replaceable, generating endless pictures and fitting nearly all of my design tasks. So it can be a resource library, empowering other team members.

Meanwhile, I created a color pattern, which not only can be used to represent states like success, fail, warning, and the like but also can be applied to the system with different color themes, ensuring our outputs are highly scalability.

Benefits

In the post above, we learned the interface of Vector to 3D, how to make a template, and how I use this flow in actual workflow.

We are familiar with the 3D design workflow in Figma. To conclude this post, I’d like to summarize the key advantages of this process.

1. Low learning costs

We can simply recognize that the plugin “Vector to 3D” is a lite version of 3D software, simplifying complex functions from traditional 3D software and keeping essential functions.

2. Full design process within Figma

This workflow allows us to produce great 3D elements that don’t have to leave Figma. Apart from that, we can simply tune colors in Figma, which doesn’t like the traditional workflow that always switches from software to software.

3. High scalability

One of the core features of Vector to 3D is that makes up models from vector shapes, by taking advantage of this, we can efficiently produce 3D pictures that effectively meet our needs and align well with business contexts.

4. Consistent styles

The plugin Vector to 3D can coordinate with the components of Figma, not only remembering global presets like lights and cameras; but also allowing replacements to succeed presets like materials and position from previous elements. By templating these presets, we can endlessly produce 3D pictures with the same style.

This workflow is not only successfully used in my daily work but also influences my colleagues. After this sharing, 50% of my team members purchased and used this plugin in their design tasks.

Solution for non-Figma users

If you or your team are not using Figma for work currently, or you are not a designer but just simply want to try the flow from SVG shapes to 3D models, you can visit the online version of Vector to 3D: https://www.meimu.design/vector-to-3d/

Sharing: 3D modeling & rendering flow on Figma was originally published in Bootcamp on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

A curious discovery

When my workflow had fully transformed from Sketch to Figma, I found there was an option “Case-Sensitive Forms” placed in several typeface setting panels. The appearance of the font might change slightly and occasionally when I enable this setting.

I was interested in this setting option, then I tried to find out concepts and related knowledge about the term “Case-Sensitive Forms.”

In this post, I will explain what Case-Sensitive Forms are, when should we implement this feature to uplift our design with several practices, and how to use it in our workflow.

Features

The “Case-Sensitive Forms” is a feature of OpenType features, which are like hidden compartments in fonts that allow us to change how fonts look and behave. When we use this feature, the font will:

1. Shift some punctuation marks up to a higher position;
2. Change oldstyle figures to modern figures.

Feature 1: Shifting some punctuation marks up to a higher position

In general, punctuation marks are vertically centered with lowercase characters, which is known as “x-height.”

However, when using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature, some punctuation marks are aligned with the height of uppercase characters, which we call “Cap height.”

Feature 2: Changing oldstyle figures to modern figures

Some fonts use oldstyle figures by default to add visual attraction. It is often used in traditional publications like books and newspapers since this font has a rhythmic beauty with varied heights.

When using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature, fonts will be directly changed to modern figures, also known as “lining figures.”

Realistic practices

Inspiring by the feature 1, shifting some punctuation marks up to a higher position, it is well-suited for compositions that mix uppercase characters, figures, and CJK characters.

Here is a list of compositions that might be visually improved by using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature.

1. International phone number

Because figure glyphs are as high as uppercase characters, the use of Case-Sensitive Forms is ideal for displaying phone numbers that include area codes.

2. Date and time

Similarly, date and time is also well-suited for using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature since they are typically consisted of figures and marks.

3. All caps text

To make titles or other important information visually prominent, we often capitalize the text, which is also ideal for using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature.

4. East Asian typography

East Asian typography looks like a square, meaning the visual height of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese characters is similar to the “X” letter’s cap height.

Therefore, the Case-Sensitive Forms feature are also fitting for the East Asian typography scenario, ensuring marks are vertically aligned with the characters.

5. Sensitive information

When displaying sensitive information on digital interfaces, such as Social Security Number(SSNs), bank account numbers, and phone numbers, we often use asterisks (*) or dots (•) to partially obscure it. In that case, the Case-Sensitive Forms feature is highly suitable.

6. Text face

A rare scenario that may be ideal for using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature is text faces, such as “:D” and “:-)”

How to use

1. Supported typefaces

Only typefaces that support the OpenType feature of Case-Sensitive Forms can enable this feature.

It means that not ALL typefaces support this feature, even if we implement this setting in design tools or through coding. I’ve simply made a list to clarify which typefaces support it and which not.

Typefaces that support the Case-Sensitive Forms feature:

1. DIN Pro;
2. Inter;
3. San Francisco (fonts for Apple platforms);
4. Inria Sans;
5. Warnock Pro…

Typefaces that DO NOT support the Case-Sensitive Forms feature:

1. Arial;
2. Helvetica;
3. Noto Sans;
4. Roboto;
5. Source Sans;
6. Segoe UI…

In other words, the Case-Sensitive Forms feature only works on Apple devices if we use the system default font on our website.

2. Figma

Follow these steps to implement the Case-Sensitive Forms feature in Figma. Select a text layer, then:

1. Open the “Type settings” panel;
2. Switch to the “Details” tab;
3. Check the “Case-sensitive forms” option.

3. CSS

To use the Case-Sensitive Forms feature on the website, we just need to simply add font-feature-settings: ‘case’; to the element that we want to implement this feature.

The CSS Compatibility of this style is quite good. Again, we need to ensure the typefaces support the Case-Sensitive Forms feature; otherwise there will be no changes.

Set as default?

We’ve discussed many scenarios and advantages of using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature. So should we set it as the default style?

My answer is NO.

Although it can uplift visual details with numbers and capital text, it is quite awful when used with lowercase letters, which are more commonly used on our website.

However, we can safely implement the Case-Sensitive Forms feature in some components that always consist of numbers, marks, and capital letters. Here is the list of UI components:

1. Avatar;
2. Badge;
3. Pagination (Image viewer, Swiper and the likes);
4. Letter counter.

For comparison, let’s see the most common solution in which the Case-Sensitive Forms feature is not implemented on digital interfaces.

Recently, my team has been redesigning our mobile component library. I’ve suggested using the Case-Sensitive Forms feature on the components listed above. Let’s see the outcomes in the future.

References

1. Feature: case — Case sensitive Forms
2. 高级排版功能：Case-Sensitive Forms 是什么？

Uplifting your design details with the Case-Sensitive Forms feature was originally published in Bootcamp on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Recently, I heard that Coursera has a UX design course developed by Google’s design team. This course covers the entire design process and teaches us how to present our portfolio, prepare interviews, and the like.

It is necessary to enroll in this course even though it is designed primarily for beginners and fresh graduates. It would enhance my English skills on one hand, and deepen my understanding of Western design practices and culture on the other. Since the term “UX design” is called out by Western designers and I am eager to compare Western design cultures with those I’ve experienced in China.

So I enrolled in this online course, trying to spare my time on it. Such as during lunch and dinner breaks on weekdays, or parts of the weekend. I completed the whole certificate within two months. And now I’d like to write down what I learned from this course:

1. Introducing concepts I had never heard of. Despite my 5+ yoe in a wide range of companies, from startups to large corporations in China, those new concepts opened up a lot of room for me to explore.
2. Enhancing my listening and reading skills. The course covers plenty of video and reading materials that include industry jargon that translators cannot provide. Moreover, certain phrases and sentence structures are repeatedly used throughout the course. I think my reading skills and speed are slightly improved.
3. Pointing out concepts like accessibility and equity early throughout the course. I used to think only seasoned designers or well-developed products consider these aspects, however, they are mentioned early on and repeatedly. These concepts resonated with me and will truly influence my work.
4. Elaborating comprehensive and detailed guidance for designers to prepare their portfolios, resumes, and interviews. They not only tell us what content should be included in our portfolios, but also how to prepare for interviews at different stages. I resonated with these instructions as well, since I did think those details over when looking for a new job.

Table of content

• New concepts
• Listening and Reading Proficiency
• Accessibility and Equity
• Guidance for Job Hunting

New concepts

I have consistently tried to think about and expand design boundaries through different aspects, which requires a breadth of knowledge. Here, I will share several new concepts along with my personal understanding.

Affinity diagram

This is a method of synthesizing that organizes data into groups with common themes or relationships. It can be used in different stages of the design process, such as during brainstorming or after collecting users feedback. The example below focuses on the latter.

After collecting a batch of user feedback, the design team condense each piece of feedback into a single sentence and write it on sticky notes. Then we post them up on a whiteboard or digital tools like Figma. Then the design team look for sticky notes that reference similar ideas, issues, or functionality and collaboratively organizes them into clusters representing different themes.

When I first learned about this approach in the course, I realized that this approach is similar to another method called “Card sorting” that was included in an article I translated earlier named [English to Chinese Translation] How we rebuilt Shopify’s developer docs. Both methods involve clustering sticky notes, naming these groups and summarizing the themes or relationships.

However, card sorting is implemented by external participants and aims to uncover users’ mental models to improve information architecture; Whereas affinity diagramming organizes a large amount of raw data to show the team which problems users are most concerned about and consider high priority.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 3 of Course 4 (Conduct UX Research and Test Early Concepts — Module 3 — Gather, organize, and reflect on data)

Digital literacy

This concept refers to an individual’s ability to gather, communicate, and create content using digital products and the internet. For example, senior adults or those living in areas with poor internet infrastructure may find it difficult to understand interfaces and functionalities, they are considered to have lower digital literacy.

In contrast, young people, especially those working in the information technology industries, are typically familiar with new software and concepts, and can quickly adapt to them.

This course does not dig deeply into this concept, rather, it emphasizes the importance of understanding our users. If our product targets a broad range of users, it is good to consider the needs of users with lower digital literacy. Moreover, this factor should also be considered when recruiting participants for usability tests.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 2 of Course 1 (Foundations of User Experience (UX) Design — Module 2 — Get to know the user)

Deceptive pattern

This concept refers to a group of UX methods that trick users into doing or buying something they wouldn’t otherwise have done or bought.

In the course, instructors clearly point out that this is an unethical and not a good practice. Businesses may lose their clients’ respect and trust once clients realize that they have fallen into deceptive patterns. I will share a few interesting examples that the course provided.

1. Confirmshaming: Making users feel ashamed of their decision. For example, a subscribe button on a news website usually reads “Subscribe now / No thanks”. BBut if the service provider wants to manipulate readers’ emotions, the text might be changed to: “Subscribe now / No, I don’t care about things around me.”
2. Urgency: Pushing users to make a decision within a limited time. For example, an e-commerce website might give you a coupon that is only available for 24 hours, prompting you to purchase items without a thoughtful consideration. The course doesn’t judge these marketing strategies or promotions; instead, it suggests that we should avoid putting pressure on users. As designers, we should try our best to balance business promotions and avoid manipulating users’ emotions.
3. Scarcity: Making users very aware of the limited number of items. For example, a popup or attractive advertisement stating “Only 5 items left in stock.” The course suggests that designers should concentrate on helping users to understand products better, rather than using designs to encourage impulsive buying.

It is really interesting that these deceptive patterns are so common in the Chinese e-commerce industry that it might seem unusual if those strategies were to disappear.

This seems to reflect cultural differences between China and the West. In China, core team members, such as designers, product managers, and operators, collaboratively discuss how to induce and prompt users to make a hasty decision. Also, we regularly hold reflections to discuss and share insights on how to deeply incite users’ motivation.

In 2018, I landed my first job as a UI designer at an e-commerce company. One of my main tasks is designing promotions, such as “claim your vouchers”, “flash sales ending in N hours”, and creating illustrations of red pockets and flying coins, and the like. I didn’t really like these approaches at that time, so I eventually turned to the B2B and SaaS industry, focusing more on UX design.

Although I am not fond of these types of designs, these seem to really help companies grow and generate income. We could stabilize our employment only if our company were earning profits. Perhaps that is an inextricable cycle: obviously, deceptive patterns are unethical and bad as they are inducing and annoying our users, but we must continuously implement these approaches and think about how to make them more effective.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 3 of Course 3 (Build Wireframes and Low-Fidelity Prototypes — Module 3 — Understand ethical and inclusive design)

Biases

The course thoroughly explains a concept called “implicit bias”. It refers to the collection of attitudes and stereotypes associated, influencing our understanding of and decisions for a specific group of people.

For example, imagine you’re designing an app to help parents buy childcare. To personalize your onboarding process, you start by displaying bold text saying, “Welcome, moms. We’re here to help you…”

This is an example of implicit bias, since it excludes every other type of caregiver, like grandparents, guardians, dads and others.

In addition, here are some interesting biases the course introduced:

1. Confirmation bias. Refers to the tendency to find evidence that supports people’s assumptions when gathering and analyzing information.
2. Friendliness bias. Refers to the tendency to give more desirable answers or positive comments in order to please interviewers. This usually occurs in usability tests, where participants may not share their honest feedback because they are afraid that real answers or negative comments might offend interviewers and be considered unfriendly.
3. False-consensus bias. Refers to the tendency that people tend to believe that their personal views or behaviors are more widely accepted than they actually are, and consider others’ opinions to be minor or marginal. For example, an optimist might think that most people around the world are optimistic; or designers can easily understand iconographies and illustrations they created, they might assume other users might easily to understand too.

I was shocked when I was learning this part. I strongly resonated with these biases which I had never perceived before. After all, the course lets us be aware of these biases and provides approaches to help us avoid falling into these pitfalls.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 3 of Course 3 (Build Wireframes and Low-Fidelity Prototypes — Module 3 — Understand ethical and inclusive design)

I listed some concepts above that I had barely encountered in my workspace. Becoming a UX designer appears to require a broad range of knowledge, such as design, the humanities, psychology, and sociology. I am now interested in psychology after completing this course.

Listening and Reading Proficiency

There are plenty of listening and reading materials involved in the course. Typically, each video lesson is accompanied by an article. If there are additional knowledge points, a single video might be accompanied by two or three articles.

Most instructors in the course speak with American accents. They also speak slowly and clearly, which makes me comfortable and usually allows me to understand without opening closed caption. Sometimes, I need to rewind a few seconds when they are speaking long sentences with many clauses or introducing new concepts, and I will open closed captions if I am still confused.

It is worth pointing out that the course contains lots of industry jargon, and I resonated with this because I used similar approaches or processes in my workspace by using Chinese. As a learner, I created a spreadsheet to record expressions that might be useful, such as:

1. Above the fold, the content on a web page that doesn’t require scrolling to experience;
2. Deliverable, final products like mockups or documents that can be handed over to clients or developers to bring designs to life.
3. Digital real estate, space within the digital interface where designers can arrange visual elements;
4. Firm parameters, refer to rigid design boundaries or limitations like time, project resources, and budget.

I think it is valuable to collect this industry jargon because it is authentically expressed, which can’t be translated by common translation tools. This will be helpful for me to read design articles and write blogs in English.

Accessibility and Equity

Accessibility

The course introduces several assistive technologies, such as color modification, voice control, switch devices, and screen readers, which can help people with different types of disabilities to use our products easily.

Instructors also point out that even people who don’t have disabilities, or who do not perceive themselves as having disabilities might benefit from these assistive technologies. The course suggests that we think these factors over throughout the entire design process. For instance:

1. Supporting color modification. Features that increase the contrast of colors on a screen, like high-contrast mode or dark mode;
2. Supporting voice control. Allows users to navigate and interact with the elements on their devices using only their voice. They also mention a concept called “Voice User Interface (VUI)”;
3. Supporting switch devices. This is a one-button device that functions as an alternative to conventional input methods such as the keyboard, mouse, and touch, allowing users to complete common tasks like browsing webpages and typing text;
4. Supporting screen readers. Allows users with vision impairment to perceive the content. The course suggests that we write alternative text to images, add appropriate aria labels to interactive elements like buttons, and consider the focus order of elements.

Here is a website that demonstrates the color modification feature: HubSpot.com

On the top navigation of this website, it provides a switch for us to toggle a high-contrast mode. Moreover, it also supports reduced motion effects — if I enable the reduced motion setting on my device, this website will minimize motion effects as much as possible.

Equity

The course also introduces a concept called “equity-focused design.”

Instructors clearly define the difference between “equality” and “equity”:

1. Equality: Providing the same amount of opportunity and support, everyone receives the same thing;
2. Equity: Providing different amount of opportunity and support according to individual circumstances, ensuring everyone can achieve the same outcomes.

The course also points out that equity-focused design means considering all races, genders, and abilities, especially focusing on groups that have been historically underrepresented or ignored when building products.

They use a survey question as an example: when gathering participants’ demographic information like gender, it is not enough to provide three options: “Male”, “Female” and “Other”. To make our design more inclusive and equitable, we should offer additional choices, including “Male”, “Female”, “Gender-nonconforming”, “nonbinary” and a blank field. The latter provides non-conventional gender options, uplifting those who might be marginalized in conventional surveys. This approach also aims to balance the opportunities for all groups to express themselves, ensuring their voices are treated fairly and heard.

In this lesson, I clearly faced a culture gap from the West. In fact, I don’t really like to dig into this concept deeply, mainly because I can’t determine whether this approach is right. Sometimes I think it is unnecessarily complicated, but at other times, I recognize that there are people with non-traditional genders around us who may truly be eager to be treated fairly.

When I was learning this lesson, I realized that there was an opportunity to incorporate accessibility features into the project I was recently working on. I will write a new post if this project lands successfully.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 2 of Course 1 (Foundations of User Experience (UX) Design — Module 2 — Get to know the user)

Guidance for Job Hunting

In the final course, instructors teach us how to lay out a portfolio and what content should be included. They also inform us the process of interviews and how to thoroughly prepare for interviews.

The guidance they mentioned is for the Western workplace, which may not seamlessly fit in the Chinese workplace. For example:

1. They point out that designers should have a personal website and case studies regularly. However, Chinese designers prefer to publish their case studies on public platforms like ZCOOL and UI.CN;
2. They also teach us how to build our digital presence and network through LinkedIn. However, these approaches are not common in the Chinese job market, where the most popular methods are directly submitting resumes and getting recommendations through acquaintances.
3. They inform us how to handle panel interviews. I have interviewed with a wide range of companies, from startups to corporations, and never encountered panel interviews, which means that the panel interview is not popular in this industry.

I was deeply impressed by how they elaborated on the preparation and important considerations during the interview process. For example:

1. Research the main business of the company you interview for beforehand, and clearly understand why you are a good fit for the company;
2. Prepare answers to common interview questions beforehand, such as a personal introduction, your strengths, and descriptions of your case studies;
3. We should learn how to answer difficult questions using the STAR method, and prepare well before starting an interview;
4. Adapt the focus and questions according to the interviewer’s role to show you are a professional;
5. During the interview process, you might be asked to complete a task. Therefore, we should practice the ability to think aloud and clearly define questions, since interviewers might pose vague questions on purpose.

I resonated with the approaches and tricks mentioned in the course that I had previously used, which gave me a strong feeling that I was on the right track.

Additionally, the course also provides detailed instructions on how to pursue freelance design work. For instance:

1. Clearly identify your target audience and understand why they should choose your service;
2. Know your competitors, identifying what they can’t provide but you can;
3. Promote your service and build word-of-mouth by attending online and in-person events, and getting recommended through acquaintances;
4. Calculate the business expenses, set fair prices for your services, and make financial projections — estimate what your finances will look like in the first month, the first 6 months, and the first year.

* This concept is mentioned in Module 3 of Course 7 (Design a User Experience for Social Good & Prepare for Jobs — Module 3)

To sum it up

Well, above are lessons I’ve learned from the Google UX Design Professional Certificate on Coursera over the past two months. I think that this is an interesting course, although not all content can be applied in my daily work, I’ve also learned the thinking processes and workplace cultures of designers in another part of the world.

I strongly recommend designers reading this post consider to enrolling in the Google UX Design Professional Certificate, by doing this, you might probably gain new insights. The course costs $49 monthly, which is not expensive. It is likely to complete the entire course over two or three months if you have a full-time job.

Things worked as I expected, and I will start my next project in the second half of the year.

Lessons I learned after completing the Google UX Design Professional Certificate was originally published in Bootcamp on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

最近了解到 Coursera 这个平台里面有一个 Google 设计团队出品的的 UX 设计课程，课程里会介绍完整的 UX 设计过程，并且教我们怎么写作品集和准备面试之类的。

即便这是一门面向初学者或应届生的课程，我觉得也有必要参加这个课程看看。一方面能锻炼下自己刚闭关修炼出来的的英语能力，更重要的是还能了解下西方职场的设计流程和设计文化（毕竟 “UX 设计” 这个概念是西方人创造出来的），我一直想对比看看老外的设计文化和自己这几年在国内职场的感受有没有什么异同。

于是就报名参加了这个网课，都是抽时间来学习的。比如工作日吃午饭和吃晚饭那段时间，或者周末的部份时间等等。总共花了 2 个月完成了所有课程。写这篇文章的目的也是记录下结课之后的感受：

1. 里面提到的一些概念我没有听说过。即便我工作了 5 年，在小公司和大集团都呆过，里面有些概念仍然给了我很大的探索空间；
2. 英文听力、阅读能力锻炼。里面有大量的视频和阅读材料，用词应该就是比较地道的行业术语，这些是翻译软件不能提供的。而且里面的材料都会不断重复一些短语或句型。我觉得我的阅读能力和速度是有所提升的；
3. “无障碍” 和 “公平” 的概念被很早提及并贯穿全课程。我一直以为只有比较成熟的设计师或产品才会考虑到这些，但这些概念在课程中很早就被提及了，而且是反复提及。这触动了我，并真正地影响到了我的工作；
4. 提供了全面且周到的指引帮助设计师准备作品集/简历/面试。这方面内容他们写得很细，告诉我们作品集里应该包含哪些，针对不同面试阶段所做的准备等。里面写到的东西我很有共鸣，因为我在找工作的时候也会去思考这些细节。

新的概念

工作这几年，我一直会尝试从更多不同的维度来思考和扩展原有的设计边界，做到这点需要有比较宽广的知识面。这里分享下我在课程里了解到的一些新概念，以及我的理解。

Affinity diagram 亲和图

这是一种组织数据的方法。从不同的反馈和数据中整理出他们的相似之处和关系。亲和图可以用在不同的设计阶段，比如在头脑风暴中，或者收集到用户反馈后，这里以后者为例子。

具体做法是在收集好一批用户反馈后，将每一个原始反馈浓缩成一句话，写在便利贴上并将它们都贴在白板上（当然，也可以用在线工具如 Figma 完成）。然后团队成员一起看这些内容，将提到相似概念/问题/需求的便利贴放在一起，并给这一堆便利贴起个名字概括他们的共同点。

根据分组结果，我们可以总结出一些趋势、痛点，了解到我们需要解决的问题也为后续的洞察报告提供了依据。

最开始在课程里了解到这个方法的时候，我突然想起来这与我两年前翻译的文章：【译文】我们如何重建 Shopify 的开发者文档 里提到的 “卡片分类法” 很像，都是将相似的卡片堆成一组，给该组命名，然后得出结论。

但卡片分类法里面 “分类” 的动作是由团队外部的人参与的，并且用于揭示用户的心智模型并为解决网站信息架构问题提供指引；而亲和图则是通过组织大量原始数据，告诉团队有哪些问题是用户关心的，亟待解决的问题。

*该概念在第四门课程的第三个模块中提及 (Conduct UX Research and Test Early Concepts — Module 3 — Gather, organize, and reflect on data)

Digital literacy 数字素养

这个概念大意是指人们对于数字产品、网络来获取信息、交流和创造内容的能力。比如一些年长的人、生活在网络没那么普及的环境中的人，他们对于使用电子设备和互联网就会有些障碍，理解功能和界面也会感到困难。而年轻人，特别是互联网行业的从业者则对这些就比较熟悉，各种新软件、新概念都能很快上手。

课程中对这个概念并没有展开太多，主要是提醒我们作为设计师，要了解到我们的用户是谁。如果是一个面向较宽广的用户群体，最好考虑也到对电子设备和互联网没那么熟悉的人。包括在做可用性测试时，招募的参与者最好也考虑到这个因素。

*该概念在第一门课程的第二个模块中提及 (Foundations of User Experience (UX) Design — Module 2 — Get to know the user)

Deceptive pattern 欺诈性设计模式

指的是一种设计方法：通过设计去诱导用户去做一些本来不想做的事情，或购买本来不想买的东西。

在课程中，明确指出这是不道德的事情，不是好的做法。一旦用户认为自己陷入了欺诈性设计模式当中，公司将会失去用户的尊重和信任。课程中列举了一些例子，我可以拿几个有意思的的分享出来。

1. Confirmshaming (羞辱性确认): 让用户对自己作出的决定感到愧疚。比如一个新闻网站的订阅按钮，文案里原本可以写 “立即订阅 / 不了，谢谢”，但为了操纵用户的情绪，文案写上 “立即订阅 / 不了，我不关心身边的事情”。
2. Urgency (急迫性): 引诱用户在 “有限的时间内” 作出决定。比如电商网站里给你送了一张仅限当天使用的优惠券，促使你赶紧付钱消费。课程里指出并重点不是限时促销这件事情，而是在这过程中给用户增加了消费的压力。作为设计师，我们应该在曝光公司的促销活动的情况下，尽量避免操纵用户情绪。
3. Scarcity (稀缺性): 使用户感受到这件商品非常稀缺。比如一个弹窗推送或明显的广告写着 “商品仅剩 5 件”。课程中建议设计师聚焦于怎么帮助用户更好地了解该产品，而不是利用设计促使他们进行冲动型消费。

有意思的是这几种 “欺诈性设计模式” 在咱们国内电商环境中太常见了，以至于没有这些反而感觉不正常。

看起来这是国内外文化的差异的一种体现。在国内的环境中丝毫不会避讳这些东西，反而设计、产品、运营都会一起构思怎么做才能更好地 “诱导” 用户做某些事情。甚至还会在内部复盘、分享，看看过程中有哪些地方可以继续改进。

2018 年，我的第一份工作是在面向消费者的电商公司里做 UI 设计师，经常要在界面上做出 “领取优惠券”、“秒杀价剩余 N 小时” 和礼包、金币满天飞的插画等设计，正正是因为自己不喜欢做这种设计，之后才转向了更注重 UX设计的做 B 端、SaaS 行业。

虽然自己本身是一点都不喜欢这种设计方式，但这似乎能实打实地帮助到公司获取收入。公司有一份好的收入，大家的工作才能稳定。似乎陷入了一个无法走出的循环 —— 明知道这种设计方式是不对的，是有诱导性质且给用户带来烦扰的，但又不得不继续做，并想办法做得更好。

*该概念在第三门课程的第三个模块中提及 (Build Wireframes and Low-Fidelity Prototypes — Module 3 — Understand ethical and inclusive design)

Biases 偏见

课程里着重介绍了一个叫做 “隐性偏见 (implicit bias)” 的概念。“隐性偏见” 指的是我们潜意识里有一种态度或偏见，影响了我们对某一群体的理解或决定。

比如一个餐厅老板收到两份简历，求职者 A 是一个二十多岁的毕业生，没有餐饮行业经验；而求职者 B 则是一个 50 多岁的人，有 30 多年餐饮行业经验。但最终老板选择了求职者 A，因为他认为年轻人的体力更好，做事情会比 50 多岁的人要快。这就是一个 “隐性偏见” 的例子。

课程中还介绍了其他几种偏见，这里也分享一些我觉得有意思的：

1. Confirmation bias (确认偏见)。指的是人们在收集信息和分析信息的过程中，倾向于寻找支持自己想法的证据。甚至尝试以更贴近自己预想结果的方式来解释数据；
2. Friendliness bias (友善偏见)。指的是为了令其他人满意，受访者更倾向于做出访问者希望得到的答案或者做出积极评价。通常发生在可用性测试当中，受访者觉得说出真实答案或负面情绪的答案会被认为冒犯和不友善，不将自己的真正想法说出来；
3. False-consensus bias (错误共识偏见)。指的是人们倾向于认为自己的观点或行为比实际情况更广泛地被认同，并且觉得其他人的观点或意见是被少数人接受的。比如一个人很乐观主义，就会认为世界上大多数人都是乐观主义；设计师能够很轻松地理解自己设计出来的图标、图像含义，就会认为其他用户也能轻易理解。

学到这里的时候我似乎被当头一棒，我似乎对里面提到的不少偏见都有共鸣，并且自己从来没意识到有这么一回事。总的来说，课程希望我们认识这些偏见，然后提供方法教我们怎么避免这些偏见。

以上列举了几个我在课程里了解到在日常工作中不怎么接触到的概念。可以看出来做一名 UX 设计师似乎得有宽广的知识背景，比如设计、人文、心理、社会学等等。通过这门课程，我觉得我对心理学产生了一些兴趣。

* 该概念在第三门课程的第三个模块中提及 (Build Wireframes and Low-Fidelity Prototypes — Module 3 — Understand ethical and inclusive design)

听力、阅读能力

课程里面的听力和阅读材料实在是太多了，基本上是一节视频课程，搭配一篇的阅读，如果有其他可以衍生出来的知识点，甚至会多篇阅读。

里面绝大多数老师都是美式口音，语速有刻意地减慢，我听着很舒适，绝大部分情况下不用看字幕。只是到了一些包含大量从句的长句子或新概念时可能会需要倒退一下多听几遍，再听不懂就会开字幕来看。

值得一提的是，里面有大量的行业术语，有很多我在国内日常工作中的用到的设计方法/流程等，这里都有出现到。作为学习者，我自己有做一个表格，把值得记录下来的表达方式都记下来，比如：

1. Above the fold 指的是在首屏（不用滚动）就能看到的内容；
2. Deliverable 设计的交付物；
3. Digital real estate 大概是指视窗范围或可供设计师发挥的空间尺寸；
4. Firm parameters 指一些设计过程中的限制，如时间，项目资源和预算等…

我觉得积累这种行业词汇有一个宝贵之处是，它的表达很地道，用通用的翻译软件是做不到的。这对我阅读设计经验文章，或者自己用英文写设计博客很有帮助。

无障碍和公平

无障碍

课程中介绍了几种辅助技术 (Assistive Technology)，如颜色模式、语音控制、Switch 设备和屏幕阅读器等帮助身体有障碍的人们更好地使用我们的产品。课程强调即便是健全人，或者认为自己是健全人的群体，也有可能会用到这些辅助技术。课程建议我们在设计的全流程都考虑这些因素。具体的做法，比如：

1. 支持多种色彩模式。如亮色/暗色模式，支持增强对比度和减弱透明度等效果；
2. 提供语音控制支持。允许用户通过声音来导航和与界面上的元素交互。另外，里面提到有个概念叫做 “VUI”；
3. 支持一种叫做 “Switch” 的设备。这是一种代替键盘、鼠标或手指等常见输入方式的设备，通常只有一个按钮。用户就是通过一个按钮来实现浏览网页、输入文字等日常操作的；
4. 支持屏幕阅读器。确保人们可以在看不见屏幕的情况下也能获取到主要内容。课程建议我们给图片添加替代文字，或者给按钮等控件加上合适的标签，并且留意元素的聚焦顺序。

这里分享一个在这方面有所体现的网站：HubSpot.com

这个网站提供了强对比的色彩模式，在顶部导航栏里有开关可以切换。同时也支持减弱动画的效果，如果我的设备在系统设置里设置了减弱动画，这个网站的大部份动效都会被移除。

公平

课程中介绍了一个概念叫做 “以公平为中心的设计” (equity-focused design)，并厘清了 “平等” 和 “公平” 这两个概念：

• 平等是每个人都有相同的机会和支持，即每个人都拿到了同样的东西；
• 公平是根据每个人不同的情况而提供不同的机会和支持，最终大家都能有相同的结果。

课程中指明，面向 “公平” 的设计，需要考虑到所有种族、性别、能力，特别是一些曾经被忽视和排除的群体。

他们以一个问卷问题作为例子：在收集受试者的性别信息时，如果只提供三个选项：“男”、“女” 和 “其他” 是不够的。如果想要更包容和公平我们应该提供：“男”、“女”、“非常规性别”、“非二元性别” 和 “请填写”。后者通过提供非传统性别选项和自定义选项，关注到了那些可能在传统问卷调查中被边缘化的群体。试图平衡不同群体间的表达机会，确保他们的声音被平等对待和听见。

从这门课程里我正面感受到了来自西方文化差异。实际上我不是很想太深入学这里面的门道，主要是我没法判断他们这种做法到底是对还是错，我有时候会认为这是在闲着没事干，有时候又认为我们身边确实也会有这种非传统性别的人，他们或许真的需要被 “平等对待”。

学到这里时，刚好公司的工作中有机会可以让我在设计中加入对无障碍的考量，我便抓紧机会在公司实施了一番。如果我的计划落地成功，我也会在这里分享出来的。

*该概念在第一门课程的第二个模块中提及 (Foundations of User Experience (UX) Design — Module 2 — Get to know the user)

求职指引

最后一课老师教授了我们怎么做作品集、一份作品集里要包含哪些东西、面试的流程、怎么准备面试等。

课程里讲述的都是西方世界的职场规则，有些未必在国内职场适用，比如：

1. 比如他会提到设计师应该有一个自己的个人网站，里面需要及时更新自己的作品。但在国内大家似乎更喜欢将作品传上平台提高曝光度，比如站酷和 UI 中国；
2. 他会教我们怎么建立自己在互联网上的形象并通过 LinkedIn 去做 Networking。但似乎在国内的职场上没有这一步，身边的人多数都是直接在网站上投简历，或者有少量的人是熟人内推进去的；
3. 里面有教我们怎么应对小组面试。我这几年在国内面试了大大小小公司，没试过有小组面试的情况，说明小组面试在我们的行业内不是特别流行。

印象比较深的是在课程里他提到了对于面试的准备，以及面试过程中的注意事项。课程里说得真的挺细的，比如：

1. 面试前要了解好公司所做的业务，清楚自己为什么适合去那家公司；
2. 提前准备好一些常用的问题，比如个人介绍、个人优势以及介绍设计案例等；
3. 学会用 STAR 法则回答困难的问题，在面试前提前练习好；
4. 根据面试官身份来改变面试的侧重点和要提问的问题，需要体现出自身的专业性；
5. 面试时可能会有现场测试题。所以我们要练习好将自己的想法说出来的能力，也要有界定清楚问题的能力（因为有时候面试官特意给出很模糊的问题）

有时候刚看看到课程里提到的方法和技巧，正好是我有用过的，我会感到有共鸣，觉得自己的方向是对的。

另外，课程里还有教我们如果想走自由职业，要遵循怎么样的步骤。写得还比较详细，我这里列举几点：

1. 明确目标用户是哪些群体，他们为什么要选择自己的服务；
2. 了解自己的竞争对手，看看有没有东西是他们提供不了而自己是可以的；
3. 通过参加线上推广、线下活动、熟人推荐等方式推销自己的服务和建立口碑；
4. 计算开支，合理定价，并且制定财务计划 —— 构思第一个月、第六个月或第一年自己的财物状况是怎样的。

*该内容在第七门课程的第三个模块中提及 (Design a User Experience for Social Good & Prepare for Jobs — Module 3)

总结

以上就是我这两个月以来在 Coursera 平台里学习 Google UX 课程的一些收获。我觉得还是挺有意思的一门课程，即便不是所有内容都能在日常工作中应用，但至少知道在地球里的另一个世界，那边的设计师他们的思考习惯、职场文化是怎样的。

我很推荐看到这里的设计师们去这门课程 Google UX Design Professional Certificate 里瞧瞧，相信大部份人都是有收获的。收费不是很贵，是按月来收费。每个月 49 美刀，工作党每天抽点时间来看，一般 2～3 个月都能完成了。

事情按照预期发展，五一假期结束了这门课程，下半年又可以开始捣鼓另一件事情了。