谁是贸易战的最大输家
谁是贸易战的最大输家

中国全国人民代表大会本周二在北京闭幕,为期一周的两会讨论涉及经济增长、科技创新、民营经济、国防安全及社会民生等关键领域。本次会议的政策方向不仅影响中国未来的发展,也将在国际社会引发广泛关注。本台记者分析两会的五大重点议题将影响中国及国际地缘政治走向。
中国总理李强在《政府工作报告》中提出今年GDP增长目标为5%左右,与去年的目标一致。这一目标反映出政府在全球经济不确定性加剧、中美贸易摩擦持续、房地产危机尚未完全化解的背景下,试图在稳增长与防风险之间寻找平衡。同时,政府工作报告强调,2025年要进一步加大各项政策力度,推动经济回升势头进一步形成和加强。这对“十四五”到“十五五”的衔接将非常有利。
两会设定经济增长目标:欲维持稳定 化解风险
对此,中国社会经济学者季荣当天接受本台采访时说,今年中国政府将加大财政支持,刺激消费和制造业升级,以提振疲软的市场信心。同时,地方政府债务问题仍然是决策者需要应对的挑战:“这次大会对中国民众的影响是经济由强转弱的开始,而且这种疲软经济形态将是长远的。李强的报告与过去三十年《政府工作报告》有着显著不同之处,比如对民生政策的关键性调整。”
季荣举例,当局空前强调对内需,对民生问题的关注,比如将财政赤字比例提高1%:“又说支持民营经济发展,这些毫无疑问是对中国过去所谓供给侧政策的终结。但是这种所谓长远的影响在中国的政治环境下显得相当暧昧和模糊。但两会并没有摆脱花瓶和图章的角色。”
季荣认为,全球投资者将关注中国能否通过产业转型和消费升级保持增长动力。如果中国经济不稳,将对全球供应链稳定产生消极影响。
提出消费刺激措施 如何落实待观察
会议提出了多项促进消费的政策,其中之一是探索缩短每周工作时间至4.5天,以提高居民消费能力。此外,中国政府将进一步降低个税,希望提高中低收入群体的购买力。
对此,学者洪先生接受本台采访时表示,若试点成功,这将是中国劳动制度的一次重大调整,有助于缓解就业市场压力,并提振内需。但是,政策多变,历年两会提出的问题中,真正落到实处的少之又少:“包括二十多年前提出西部大开发,现在西部还是那样,李强的政府工作报告把刺激消费的表述放到前面,但没有具体措施,就宣布将城乡居民基础养老金最低标准再提高20元,但医保增加了20元,这不是抵消了吗?政府也没有消费刺激措施,更没有人们期待的拨款,再加上政协昨天的闭幕会上,政协主席王沪宁致辞大肆吹捧,你看去年失业率那么高,大学生毕业即失业,商场出现大萧条,他还说中国风景这边独好。”
洪先生认为,随着大量人群失业,中国劳动力市场的变化可能影响全球制造业布局,尤其是外企在华生产的成本结构。
强调人工智能与科技创新 西方科技管制影响发展
本次“两会”强调人工智能(AI)发展,提出要加速AI赋能传统产业,并加强与全球创新体系的接轨。为此,中国政府计划加大科研投入,同时强化对核心技术的自主可控能力。
大学退休教师王丽对本台分析,政府希望大力支持科技企业,尤其是在AI、半导体、新能源等关键领域。但是面对美国等西方国家的经济封锁,中国无法从西方大量采购芯片,这将严重影响中国半导体产业的发展。她预料:“这一战略与美国及欧盟在AI监管和技术竞争上的动向密切相关,今年中美在高科技领域的竞争或将进一步加剧。”
提出支持民营经济 社会主义制度下执行成挑战
两会期间,政府提出优化民营企业市场准入,并加强对中小企业融资的支持,以提振民营经济信心。这一举措被视为稳定经济的重要手段,特别是在近年来民营企业面临挑战的背景下。当局还说,民营经济是推进中国式现代化的生力军,是高质量发展的重要基础。
学者洪先生认为,政府工作报告提出,落实《民营经济促进法》,将“两个毫不动摇”纳入其中,明确支持民营经济发展的决心,但是,在社会主义制度下很难真正落实。他对本台说:“你看马云都跑步进场了,他们想创造奇迹。在现在的政治体制下,政策的执行效果可能受到多种因素影响。虽然法律层面强调支持民营经济,但实际执行中可能面临挑战。例如,地方政府在落实中央政策时,可能存在理解偏差或执行力度不足的情况,甚至有官员趁机敛财。”
洪先生说,今年中国经济进一步下滑,外资可能将重新评估中国市场的投资前景,尤其是政策是否稳定可持续。
国防预算增长7.2% 地区紧张局势加剧
最令外界关注的是本次会议公布的今年中国国防.2% 1.78万亿元人民币,增长7.2%,延续了近年来持续增加的趋势。中国政府强调“国防现代化”及维护国家安全和主权完整。
中国政府强调要“全面贯彻总体国家安全观,完善维护国家安全体制机制,推进国家安全体系和能力现代化。” 对此,军事学者庞新华接受本台采访时说,这在当前复杂的地缘政治环境下备受外界关注。他说:“随着中国在南海、东海等地区的军事活动增加,周边国家可能担心地区安全局势进一步紧张,导致军备竞赛升级。另外,也可能导致台海局势升温,中国持续加强军事能力可能被解读为对台湾的压力,从而增加了台海地区的不确定性。这一举措可能加剧地区紧张局势,包括与周边国家及美日等国或将加强对华防范。”
一般评论认为,今年中国两会围绕经济、科技、民营经济、消费和国防等议题展开,反映出政府在全球挑战与国内转型之间的权衡。这些政策的实施不仅将影响中国未来一年的发展方向,也将在国际社会引发持续关注。未来,中国如何在稳增长、防风险、促创新之间取得平衡,将是全球观察的重要焦点。
责编:陈美华 许书婷
© AP
At least one person has been killed and three injured in a "massive" overnight drone attack on Moscow and the capital region, local officials say.
Regional Governor Andrei Vorobyev says the casualties were in the towns of Vidnoye and Domodedovo, just outside the capital. Seven apartments in a residential building were damaged.
Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin says 73 drones heading towards the city were shot down. The roof of one building was damaged by drone wreckage.
One district train network is now suspended, and flight restrictions are in place at Moscow's airports after the attack - one of the biggest since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
The attack comes just hours ahead of a crunch meeting between representatives from the United States and Ukraine in Saudi Arabia, focused on ending the war between Russia and Ukraine.
In a post on social media, Governor Vorobyev published pictures purportedly showing one of the damaged apartments, and burnt vehicles in what looked like a car park in the Moscow region.
He said 12 people - including three children - had to be evacuated from their damaged flats after the overnight strike.
Flight restrictions were imposed in Moscow's Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo and Vnukovo airports - major transport hubs used by millions of passengers every year.
Ukraine has not commented on the issue.
US stocks plunged on Monday as fears grew over an economic slowdown, after President Donald Trump did not rule out a recession.
The Nasdaq sank by 4.0% at the close of trading, its largest single-day loss since 2022, and there were heavy losses on other markets with tech stocks seeing the largest drops.
Tesla shares fell about 15.4%, while chipmaker Nvidia was down more than 5%. Other major tech stocks including Meta, Amazon and Alphabet also sank.
The S&P 500 Index slid 2.7%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 2.1%.
It comes after Trump said the US economy was in a period of transition, after he was asked about concerns over a potential recession.
Speaking to Fox News in an interview broadcast on Sunday but recorded on Thursday, Trump appeared to acknowledge the concerns. "I hate to predict things like that," he said. "There is a period of transition because what we're doing is very big. We're bringing wealth back to America. That's a big thing."
There are growing fears among economic analysts that growth will slow and prices will rise.
Last week, the main US markets fell back to the level before Trump's election victory last November, which had initially been welcomed investors due to hopes of tax cuts and lighter regulation.
Philippine police have arrested former president Rodrigo Duterte after the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued a warrant accusing him of crimes against humanity over his deadly "war on drugs".
Duterte was arrested by police in Manila airport shortly after his arrival from Hong Kong.
Duterte's brutal anti-drugs crackdown, which occured when he was president of the South East Asian nation from 2016 to 2022, saw thousands of people killed.
The 79-year-old had earlier said he was ready to go to prison, when responding to reports of his possible arrest.
The International Coalition for Human Rights in the Philippines called the arrest a "historic moment".
"The arc of the moral universe is long, but today, it has bent towards justice. Duterte's arrest is the beginning of accountability for the mass killings that defined his brutal rule," said ICHRP Chairperson Peter Murphy.
But Duterte's former presidential spokesperson Salvador Panelo has slammed the arrest, saying it was "unlawful" as the Philippines had withdrawn from the ICC.
The ICC earlier said that it has jurisdiction in the Philippines over alleged crimes committed before the country withdrew as a member.
Duterte was in Hong Kong to campaign for his senatorial slate in the upcoming May 12 mid-term elections.
Footage aired on local television showed him walking out of the airport using a cane. Authorities say he is in "good health" and is being cared for by government doctors.
Duterte, a former mayor of one of the country's largest cities, swept to power on the promise of a widespread crackdown against crime.
With fiery rhetoric, he rallied security forces to shoot drug suspects dead. More than 6,000 suspects were gunned down by police or unknown assailants during the campaign, but rights groups say the number could be bigger.
"Hitler massacred three million Jews. Now there are three million drug addicts [in the Philippines]. I'd be happy to slaughter them," he said a few months into office.
But critics said his "war on drugs" led to police abuse and that many of the drug suspects summarily executed.
Investigations in parliament pointed to shadowy "death squad" of bounty hunters targeting drug suspects.
Duterte has denied the allegations.
The ICC first took note of the alleged abuses in 2016 and started its investigation in 2021. It covered cases from November 2011, when Duterte was mayor of Davao, to March 2019, before the Philippines withdrew from the ICC.
Duterte cultivated an image of a tough-talking and anti-establishment man of the masses, endearing him to Filipinos who elected him as the country's first president from the southern island of Mindanao.
His daughter, Sara Duterte, is the Philippines current vice-president and is tipped as a potential presidential candidate in 2028.
In recent months, the Duterte family's alliance with incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos unraveled spectacularly before the public view, soon after Marcos and Sara Duterte won the 2022 elections by a landslide.
Marcos initially refused to co-operate with the ICC investigation, but as his relationship with the Duterte family deteriorated, he changed his stance, and later indicated that the Philippines would co-operate.
It is not clear yet whether Marcos would go as far as extraditing the former president to stand trial in The Hague.
Additional reporting by Virma Simonette in Manila
"She's a phony, but I guess the public likes that…" This is the line that actress Joan Crawford is said to have declared about film star Bette Davis.
The back-and-forth sniping between the pair played out in the tabloids of the 1930s and 40s. "Bette is a survivor... She survived herself," Crawford is also said to have remarked.
Their tempestuous relationship was so notorious that in 2017 it was made into an Emmy award-winning TV series, Feud.
Hollywood rivalries are of course nothing new - yet conflicts today rarely play out so publicly. That might be why the dispute between actors Blake Lively and Justin Baldoni, which spilled out into the open in December 2024, is still in the headlines three months on.
The subsequent legal battle brought to light a fallout during production of the film, It Ends With Us. After the promotional and cinematic run had ended, the pair - who didn't appear on the red carpet together at the premiere in New York - filed lawsuits against each other.
Lively has accused Baldoni and others of carrying out a smear campaign against her after she complained about alleged sexual harassment on set. Baldoni, meanwhile, has accused Lively, her husband Ryan Reynolds and their publicist of carrying out a smear campaign against him, and claim that she tried to take over control of the film. Both sides deny all allegations.
What emerged as this all played out is that crisis PR managers had been employed. Legal representatives for Lively obtained numerous text messages between Baldoni's publicist Jennifer Abel and the crisis team he retained, led by Melissa Nathan, whose previous clients include Johnny Depp and Drake. Ms Nathan was alleged to have texted Ms Abel, "You know we can bury anyone."
Lively has now reportedly taken on the CIA's former deputy chief of staff Nick Shapiro to advise on her legal communications strategy.
While the outcomes of the lawsuits remain to be seen but the feud has cast the spotlight on an industry that would ordinarily remain largely invisible: that is, the publicity machine at work behind the scenes in Hollywood.
"On every set, there are fights, liaisons… there are all sorts of things that go on," explains Richard Rushfield, founder and columnist at Hollywood newsletter The Ankler. "Hollywood is a world full of very messy people coming together for these giant projects, where they put together teams quickly to make these things and disband immediately after.
"Between all that a lot of stuff goes on, and they deal with it quietly – they're very obsessive about controlling the narrative. When this stuff explodes into the public, beyond control, it makes everyone very nervous."
But the world of the Hollywood PR has shifted in recent years, partly because of the growth of social media, which has changed the relationship between celebrities and fans, bringing them into direct contact and removing some of the mystique.
So, what does that mean for the people whose job it is to keep a lid on the industry's messy reality?
Few fallouts have spilled out into the open in recent years – and those that did were picked over simply because they're so rare. Actor Dwayne Johnson revealed "a fundamental difference in philosophies on how we approach moviemaking and collaborating" with his Fast & Furious co-star Vin Diesel, in a 2018 interview.
The stars of another action film, Mad Max: Fury Road, Charlize Theron and Tom Hardy, are reported to have filmed many of their scenes separately.
And then there were the alleged tensions between Kim Cattrall and Sarah Jessica Parker, who were co-stars of Sex and the City, which ran for six years. In 2018, after Parker offered condolences for Cattrall's brother's death, Cattrall responded on social media, calling Parker a "hypocrite" and stating, "You are not my family. You are not my friend."
But behind the scenes, hundreds of other spats will never see the light of day. "Some of a publicist's best work may never be seen," says Daniel Bee, a publicist and brand consultant based in Los Angeles, "because it stopped something that was wrong, or re-crafted something to a different narrative, or pointed the light in a different direction.
"The most interesting stuff I've ever done as a publicist is the stuff nobody will ever know about."
Since Daniel Bee started out as an entertainment publicist in 1997, he has observed a shift in the wider industry. "I started my career in the British media, there were 11 national newspapers competing with each other. It was a bear pit, hard work, and it was getting to know individuals via relationships.
"Now, you're up against an anonymous algorithm and accounts where you don't know who you're up against. It's harder to control than ever before."
Certainly, social media has posed challenges for those attempting to control narratives around major films and their stars – while also heralding new forms of "dark arts" through which publicists can attempt to shape opinion.
"There has always been an army of advisors and consultants doing PR voodoo," says Eriq Gardner, entertainment law expert and founding partner of Puck News. "While I'd love to say the public is media-literate and savvy enough to read between the lines to see the spin, the truth is there are a lot of powerful forces at play and sometimes a large amount of misinformation."
So-called PR voodoo is different now that a celebrity – or their fans – can access an audience of millions with a click.
While the publicists of previous eras might only have had to worry about print and broadcast platforms, smartphones and social media mean today's digital landscape is a wild west where anyone can shape their own narrative. A badly judged post or comment can damage an actor's career.
But the flipside is a whole new medium in which PRs can practise their "voodoo".
One of the tactics is "astroturfing" – or disguising an orchestrated campaign as a spontaneous up-swelling of public opinion.
This works by manipulating public opinion and creating a false impression of grassroots support (hence the name) or opposition, often coordinated through social media accounts in a way that seems organic.
The practice isn't new, but has been given new life with the advent of social media algorithms.
"It's deliberately planting disinformation, or twisted versions of the truth, in certain sections of social media," says Carla Speight, founder of the PR Mastery app. "The aim is the halfway point of influential where they will get a bit of traction, but so that it's not too obvious – you wouldn't hire a Kardashian to do it.
"It's built up in layers," she continues. "It's like playing a very sinister game of chess. You're putting all the pieces in the right places, just the right amount of mixed-up information, and then you just watch it explode."
Although the posts might appear to be genuine public opinion, in fact it's a faked crowd – whether that's made up of bots or real people, who can be paid to coordinate their posts.
"All it takes is one or two people to create a meme and put it with the right people," says Ms Speight. "It needs to appear as a trend, and then it's gone. Something is dripped here, something else over there, and when it's done well… it causes a bit of mischief."
But all of this is simply a new platform for an age-old trend that has been going on long before the advent of social media, according to Mr Bee. "Undetected smear campaigns have always been a thing," he points out.
"Previously it would have been a publicist whispering to a diarist of a national newspaper. The issue with digital media is it's anonymous and untraceable."
What has changed, he continues, is that audiences have become savvier. "Whereas before, a quite subservient audience would just take what was given to them in the media, with natural scepticism, curiosity, and a greater level of information, I think people use more critical thinking."
Eriq Gardner is less convinced: "I'm not sure the public approaches what they read with enough scepticism."
And yet those in the industry are often alert to it. According to Ms Speight, "Usually, there's a distinct sort of tell, and it may be the PR thing where we have 'spidey senses' and we can sort of see it, but you're asking, 'Where has that come from? Who started that?' And when there's never a specific place to point it to, that's usually a tell-tale sign."
What's clear, though, is that, with studios providing some publications with significant advertising revenue, as well as supplying talent for special events and front covers, revelations often emerge elsewhere in the media.
"When [scandals] come out, it's usually from places outside of Hollywood," argues Mr Rushfield. "The Harvey Weinstein story was broken by The New York Times and the New Yorker."
It was The New York Times that first reported Lively's legal complaint in December. "It's one of the few places that can afford to do that, and then everyone else jumped in so nobody was sticking their neck out." Baldoni filed a $250 million lawsuit against the New York Times in December, although a federal judge indicated this week that it might be dismissed.
Even when bigger outlets break news about Hollywood disputes, the growing dominance of social media means that stories might not have the same cut-through they had previously.
Doreen St Felix, a writer who was previously an editor on Lena Dunham's newsletter, recently wrote in The New Yorker that stories of harassment and abuse, for example, now receive a "curdled, cynical, and exhausted reception" - this, less than a decade after the emergence of the MeToo movement.
She went on to claim that: "The late 2010s genre of #MeToo reportage cannot thrive on today's volatile internet. Information is misinformation and vice versa. Victims are offenders and offenders are victims."
Sometimes, however, the best way for publicists to prevent stories being amplified is by bypassing social media entirely when reacting to a scandal.
"If you give it to the press first, they don't quote as many of the comments on social media," says Ms Speight. "You control the narrative completely, because the comments come afterwards."
Mr Rushfield points out that very little of the revelations in the entertainment press comes out because someone "uncovered" something. "Almost everything you read is there because somebody placed it there - somebody is dictating a story."
None of this industry would exist if the appetite weren't there and if the viewing public didn't want to unpick details about their lives – and rifts. And yet attitudes towards celebrity have undoubtedly changed since the advent of social media.
"It's now a two-way communication, which it never was before," points out Mr Bee. "It was generally celebrities, or lawyer or government or whatever, just saying something that gets reported, and that message is conveyed. Now, you have to be prepared for a two-way conversation."
But he thinks there are different attitudes to the media today than in the era of celebrity gossip magazines. Nodding to the UK, he continues: "We had the Leveson Inquiry, we're about to get an ITV drama about phone hacking, it's as if the curtain has been lifted."
As for the Lively and Baldoni lawsuits, it's not clear how these will play out - but the very fact that it has so unusually spilled into the public domain is a reminder of how well-oiled the Hollywood publicity machine is the rest of the time. And that is unlikely to change soon.
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A Palestinian who made antisemitic social media posts has been charged with knowingly arriving in the UK without leave, the Home Office says.
Mosab Abdulkarim Al-Gassas - also known as Abu Wadee - is believed to have arrived by small boat and been brought ashore in Kent on Thursday but was not arrested until Sunday evening, a day after newspapers first reported his arrival.
A Home Office spokesperson said he had been remanded in custody.
Abu Wadee will appear at Manchester Magistrates' Court on Tuesday.
The Campaign Against Antisemitism said it had uncovered videos in which he prayed for all Jews to be killed, and pictures he had posted of himself holding an assault rifle.
It said the Home Office must take immediate action to "ensure that he cannot pose a threat to public security".
Shadow home secretary Chris Philp had written to the government earlier, calling for him to be "deported immediately".
Philp said: "I am glad the authorities have tracked him down, but he should never have been able to get here in the first place."
A Home Office spokesperson said earlier: "The government is committed to ending small boat crossings which undermine our border security, and restoring order to the asylum system to ensure that the rules are respected and enforced.
"The British public can be reassured that we take all steps necessary at all times to protect the nation's security, including taking action in the Border Security Bill to give the police and immigration officers stronger powers to act where anyone poses a threat."
中国独立作家王继的最新长篇小说《四月飞雪》近日在海外出版,引发广泛关注。这部作品不仅填补了汉语文学领域对“八九六四”事件长篇叙事的空白,也以独特的视角探讨了历史、抗争与宿命的交织。为此,王继接受了自由亚洲电台的专访。
现旅居泰国清迈的王继接受自由亚洲电台采访时表示,迄今为止,整个汉语世界似乎还没有以长篇小说的方式来表现“八九六四”这场抗争运动,而《四月飞雪》正是对这一历史空白的填补。小说在虚构与纪实之间,讲述了那些被禁忌覆盖的罪恶与抗争,在噤若寒蝉的时代中爆发出压抑的呐喊。
王继说:“六四是一个涉及广度和深度都很广泛的一场运动,但是我们现在对这类资料的挖掘、考据都是以这样一些文字形式,用小说正面切入六四好像还没有。这是我想写此书的动因。”
王继告诉本台,“四月飞雪”这一意象蕴含了丰富的时空层次,它不仅是对历史的个人化注释,更是对抗争精神的隐喻。王继解释道:“‘四月’是具体可感的时间,而‘飞雪’则是反常的天象,二者结合形成了一种悬念,直到读者读完整部小说,才能理解其中的寓意。”
他说,八九学运的核心地在北京,其后扩散到中国各地,其中发生在武汉的学运是他的亲身体验,当时他在武汉大学作家班读书。他说:“各大城市比如北京、上海、武汉、重庆等地发生了大规模学生运动,因为我在作家班。武汉的这场学生运动,包括武大的那一场,发生了可能是中国唯一的追亡仪式悼念,我也参加了,我想用小说去表达一个地区的六四。”
重现历史的震撼瞬间
小说中,王继详细描绘了1989年武汉大学学生在“六四”后依然坚持抗议的壮举。尤其是在6月14日,北京当局发布通缉令后,武汉大学仍在梅园操场举行“六四十日祭”追悼大会。他说:“几十年来,我一直想写这段历史,但在中国环境中,是没有办法写的。后来到了泰国,用了两年多时间把它写完。”
《四月飞雪》书写十余万字。王继直言,这些历史瞬间不仅见证了那个时代的激情与牺牲,也揭示了一个民族的苦痛与挣扎。“武汉的大学生们在血腥镇压发生后,仍然坚定地站出来。他们的举动让我想起贝多芬第三交响曲中‘全人类抬着英雄的棺柩’的画面。”
王继说他笔下的人物均有原形,他只是替换了他们的姓名:“都有原形,但小说要塑造,我在里面写到一个工人,但我把他移到武钢(武汉钢铁厂),他被牢头们摔死在牢房的厕所里。有的不知所终,有的被判刑,有的出狱后,境遇都非常差,生活正常的几乎没有。另有人出狱后流亡海外。”
抗争、命运与流亡的叙事结构
与传统的抗争文学不同,王继在《四月飞雪》中采用了一种去中心化的叙事结构,而是让人物在历史的洪流中各自沉浮。秦云潮、鲁勇、李汉生、黎含章、靳非常、张潮……这些角色以不同的方式进入小说,又以不同的方式消失,让人思考命运的残酷。
“无论是壮怀激烈的一代枭雄,还是底层奋起的耀眼光芒,最终都归于个人无法掌控的飘零与羁旅,最终隐入尘烟。”王继表示,小说中的人物或流亡、或监禁、或死去,每一种命运都带着历史的烙印。
文学能否改变现实?
对于“六四”事件在中国社会变革中的意义,王继表示,最初或许人们对它抱有变革的期待,但最终,它成为了一个禁忌和一个毁灭性的符号。“那些被卷入历史潮流的人,他们做出了坚定的选择,也值得敬佩。但现实是,他们的努力非但没有改变历史,反而让自己成为了历史的祭品。”
他说:“我觉得我经历了那段历史,我又是个作家,我如不能把它真实的表现出来,就觉得我是有罪的。我这有‘八九六四’数字相连的四部小说《八月欲望》、《六月悲风》及《九月残阳》和《四月飞雪》,因为我们所有的历史都是被扭曲的,被篡改的,我要真诚真实的把它们记录下来,不要让后人忘记。”
目前,王继把该书的电子版免费发给国内的友人,但该书已经遭到网络屏蔽。
责编:陈美华 许书婷
© RFA制图
© Charly Triballeau/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
Lawmakers in France have overwhelmingly backed a bill making it easier to open bars in villages - a move aimed at reviving social life in small rural communities.
In a 156-2 vote on Monday, MPs decided to loosen strict restrictions on new bar permits to sell alcohol. The bill still needs a Senate approval to become law.
Supporters say the change is needed to better cement social ties and reduce isolation - but critics warn of health risks through alcoholism.
France has seen a sharp fall from about 200,000 bars and cafés serving alcohol in the 1960 to some 36,000 by 2015. Most of the closures were in rural areas.
In France, a type-4 alcohol licence is required by law to open a bar selling alcoholic drinks, including hard spirits with more than 18% alcohol.
Currently, no new such permits can be granted, and those planning to open a bar must wait until an existing drinking spot closes to acquire its licence.
The new legislation would allow prospective bar managers in communities with fewer than 3,500 people and without a bar to request a brand-new permit without such a wait.
Local mayors would have the final say on whether to approve or deny such requests.
Lawmaker Guillaume Kasbarian said "an old and obsolete legal framework" should be replaced, the AFP news agency reported.
It also quoted Fabien Di Filippo, another French MP, who described bars as "above all, places for people to come together in very rural areas and in a society where people have a tendency to close in on themselves".
The French health ministry says that each year about 49,000 deaths in the country are caused by alcohol consumption, describing this as a "major public health issue".
© Jes Aznar for The New York Times
(德國之聲中文網)週一(3月10日)《華爾街日報》引述知情人士說法,稱美國及中國正在討論可能今年6月在美國舉行川普和習近平的會晤;由於兩人生日都在6月且只差一天,這場會面也被稱為美中領導人的「生日高峰會」。
川普出生於1946年6月14日,習近平則比川普小了7歲,在1953年6月15日出生。
報導指出,當前談判仍處於初步階段。與此同時,川普政府持續加大對中國在關稅等貿易措施的施壓力度,欲累積和北京談判的籌碼。
川普自去年11月勝選以來,美中領袖都曾表現出對於舉辦高峰會的意願,而在雙方貿易緊張的背景之下談判,這也意味著雙邊都願意為穩定關係釋出善意。
中國面臨內需不足、通貨緊縮等經濟壓力升高,北京也希望能藉由和美國談判,避免美國進一步提高關稅和科技方面的限制。
白宮與中國駐美大使館拒絕回應上述報導。
今年2月3日,川普曾稱將在「未來24小時內」與習近平通話,但最終因為美國對中國加徵關稅、中國予以報復性關稅反擊,導致兩人通話破局。
川普4月可能訪華?
《南華早報》則引述外交消息人士的說法,指川普最早可能4月訪問中國。
一位中國消息人士表示:「由於華盛頓正在經歷劇烈變化,現在北京官員跟美方對話比跟拜登政府對話更困難。」
另外也有消息人士稱,川普已向習近平表態希望他造訪佛州的海湖莊園,兩人在201年曾在那裡舉行高峰會。
消息人士稱,對習近平而言,如果川普在兩會之後訪問中國,將成為中方「一次重要的外交勝利」。
1月20日,就在川普返回白宮前幾天,川普與習近平通了電話,談到了包含台灣在內的廣泛問題。
一週後,中國外交部長王毅與美國國務卿盧比奧進行了通話,但尚未舉行任何正式會晤。
王毅還向盧比奧稱:「希望你好自為之,為中美兩國人民的未來,為世界的和平與穩定發揮建設性作用。」
(路透社、華爾街日報、南華早報)
DW中文有Instagram!歡迎搜尋dw.chinese,看更多深入淺出的圖文與影音報導。
© 2025年德國之聲版權聲明:本文所有內容受到著作權法保護,如無德國之聲特別授權,不得擅自使用。任何不當行為都將導致追償,並受到刑事追究。
“很多乡村教师的职业认同感不强。有的老师觉得,他们付出的不比城里老师少,但因为地域环境和成长空间都受限,相较而言获得感会差很多。”
南方周末记者 郑丹
责任编辑:谭畅
兰臻收到的心愿卡。受访者供图
2025年全国两会期间,在教育界别的小组会议上,全国政协委员、福建省漳州市实验小学党委书记兰臻别出心裁地展示了一群小学生寄来的心愿卡。
“参会之前,孩子们把心愿卡寄给我,我就把他们的期待带上来了。”兰臻收到的心愿卡有20张左右,绘有自由飞翔的小鸟、欢腾的浪花、漂浮的气球,还写有孩子们对于学校教育资源的许多期待。
一名六年级的小朋友在卡片上写下心愿:“增加乡村学校的教学设备配备,比如多媒体教室、实验室器材等,让我们也能享受到和城市学生一样的优质教学资源。”另一名三年级的小朋友希望,“乡村学校都能有像城里一样大的图书馆,里面有好多的新书。”
“也有乡村老师希望能够有好的政策,能让更多的年轻人愿意留在乡村教书。”兰臻说,这些心愿,正契合她此次呼吁的主题。
南方周末:你今年关注的话题是什么?
兰臻:这些年,我一直都在关心乡村教育领域,想为这个领域的群体发声。所以我每一年带来的提案都与之相关。这一次,我依旧关注这个话题,呼吁大力弘扬教育家精神,引领新时代乡村教师队伍高质量发展。
乡村教师在自己的岗位上把工作踏踏实实做好,就是在践行教育家精神。我觉得教育家精
校对:吴依兰
新华社
菲律宾媒体11日报道,前总统杜特尔特当天从境外返回抵达马尼拉国际机场后被警方拘留。
菲律宾媒体表示,国际刑警组织此前根据国际刑事法院的逮捕令,对杜特尔特发出了红色通缉令。
菲律宾于2019年正式退出国际刑事法院。
杜特尔特担任菲律宾总统期间发起反毒战争,在菲律宾国内外引发高度关注。
由于人工智能热度很高,恶意软件伪装成人工智能App,在部署包中捆绑木马的案例很多。
DeepSeek的异军突起,让大家意识到了依托共性技术、共性底座来进行创新,是站在一个台阶上向上攀登的更有效的方式。
南方周末记者 罗欢欢
责任编辑:顾策
全国政协委员、安天集团创始人肖新光常年奋战在网络安全对抗的一线,安天科技的反病毒引擎累计覆盖了超过四十亿部手机终端、PC终端、网络设备和网络安全设备,对于新一轮人工智能带来的安全威胁,肖新光有着最切身的感受。
他观察到了一些新的威胁,比如利用AI生成的钓鱼邮件,有将深度伪造运用于金融诈骗,甚至还有很多恶意软件伪装成DeepSeek的安装包。那么,针对这些威胁,到底有哪些破解办法,肖新光接受了南方周末记者的专访。
全国政协委员、安天集团创始人肖新光。图片来源:受访者提供。
南方周末:生成式人工智能给国家网络安全带来哪些新的情况?
肖新光:人工智能对安全威胁的加速作用已经产生。过去几年,我们捕获和关注到的APT攻击的钓鱼邮件中,已经出现了AI生成内容,金融诈骗中出现了深度伪造的案例。
同时,大模型平台成为新的攻击目标,例如DeepSeek在年初遭遇的大规模DDoS攻击,我们也快速跟进和提供了相关的样本分析,发布了样本分析报告。
由于人工智能热度很高,恶意软件伪装成人工智能App,在部署包中捆绑木马的案例很多,我们此前就依托国家计算机病毒协同分析平台,发现了冒充DeepSeek客户端的木马样本,并进行了分析响应。
南方周末:Sora为代表的生成式视频大模型,为深度伪造创造了条件。技术上是否可以识别出哪些是人工智能生成的内容?我们普通人应该如何去甄别深度伪造的信息?
肖新光:识别深度伪造目前来看有一些方法,包括基于生理信号比对、基于物理规律分析、基于元数据指纹等,但每种技术方法都有其适用场景和相关前提条件。
如基于生理信号分析,主要是验证微表情等和本人是否一致,前提是需要存储可对比的样本;基于物理规律捕捉分析光影效果是否一致等等,需要相关的算力、元数据指纹等。更多只适用于版权保护等相关场景,而且需要非常完善的配套治理体系。
相关攻击之所以称为深度伪造,就是它已经超出普通人
校对:星歌
我仍然不太赞成将地域、人口等因素简单地或者说过紧地与“双一流”设置捆绑在一起。“双一流”建设主要是国家层面的布局,主要判断标准是,看能不能更快地提升我国高等教育的综合实力和国际竞争力。但公平性问题是一个需要重视的问题。
南方周末记者 杜寒三 南方周末实习生 陆冠宇
责任编辑:钱炜
(视觉中国/图)
“加快‘双一流’建设”,2025年政府工作报告里的这7个字,字少事大。
实际上,早在4个月前的十四届全国人大常委会第十二次会议的联组会议上,教育部部长怀进鹏就表示,将聚焦优势学科适度扩大“双一流”建设范围。
中国此前已有过两轮“双一流”建设。
2017年,全国140所高校与465个学科入选第一轮“双一流”建设高校及建设学科名单。5年后,聚焦服务国家重大战略需求,围绕基础学科等国家急需领域,“双一流”的名单里又新增7所高校、41个学科。
现在,新一轮的“双一流”扩容已然启动。
2025年全国两会期间,全国人大代表、西南科技大学副校长尚丽平在《关于“双一流”扩容增设区域急需赛道的建议》中提到,当前“双一流”建设高校呈现“东部多、中西部少”“省会城市多、非省会城市少”的特点。目前,中国“双一流”建设高校仅147所,在全国普通高等学校中仅占5.13%,与充分发挥高等教育“龙头作用”要求还存在差距,推进“双一流”扩容成为大势所趋。
就本轮“双一流”扩容问题,南方周末记者邀请全国政协委员、中国科学院院士、清华大学统计与数据科学系教授陈松蹊,全国政协委员、西安外国语大学原副校长姜亚军,杭州电子科技大学中国科教评价研究院副院长汤建民作深入探讨。
南方周末:在本轮“双一流”扩容中,可以优先扩容哪些学科方向?
陈松蹊:我觉得应该优先扩容国家急需的学科,以及此前“双一流”布局覆盖不足的学科。比如作为人工智能和数据科学基础的统计学的布局就不足。在第一轮和第二轮“双一流”建设高校名单中,统计学入选“双一流”学科建设的高校总共不到10个。
想要发展人工智能,计算机、统计学和数学都是基础。但大家对统计学的认识往往不足,要不认为它是数学,要不就认为它是社会科学。美国人工智能做得比较好,高校的统计系很多,为人工智能发展提供了有力基础。
除了国家比较急需的学科,在空间上,我认为应该向目前“双一流”高
校对:星歌
新华社
俄罗斯库尔斯克州别拉亚镇的一处购物中心10日晚遭炮击,已造成4人死亡、9人受伤。
库尔斯克州代理州长亚历山大·欣施泰因11日在社交媒体上发文说,乌克兰军队袭击该购物中心时,许多当地居民在此购物。
截至11日凌晨,袭击导致的死亡人数上升至4人。受伤的9人中包括4名13至14岁的青少年。目前,所有伤者已被送往医院接受治疗。
L3自动驾驶的突破会让AI汽车进入“iPhone4时代”。
应用场景将是汽车公司跟人形机器人结合的巨大机会。
无论是车企还是人形机器人公司,都面临着数据来源的挑战。
南方周末记者 施璇
责任编辑:冯叶
2025年3月8日,北京人民大会堂中央大厅北侧举行十四届全国人大三次会议第二场“代表通道”集中采访活动,小鹏汽车董事长何小鹏出席。视觉中国/图
过去一年,智能电动汽车行业竞争加速。
车企集体转向技术深水区,踊跃布局AI、人形机器人、飞行汽车等未来赛道,老板们下场开直播、拍视频、当网红,躬身为企业宣传。小鹏汽车及其掌舵人何小鹏亦是其中奋勇者。
2024年下半年,小鹏汽车接连推出两个爆款车型,跻身国产新势力月销量头把交椅,小鹏汇天分体式飞行汽车“陆地航母”在珠海航展完成全球首飞,而拥有62个主动自由度的小鹏AI机器人Iron已进厂拧螺丝。
2025年两会,是何小鹏作为全国人大代表履职的第三年,他提出的四项建议聚焦智能出行行业前沿,包括推动人形机器人商业化普及、停车场低速无人驾驶试运营、智能驾驶保险业务发展及加快构建eVTOL航空器驾驶员资质认证管理体系。
2025年3月8日晚间,围绕参会感悟、智能汽车及人形机器人行业发展等话题,何小鹏接受了南方周末等媒体的采访。
记者:小鹏汽车从2024年就明确表示要打造一家面向全球的AI汽车公司,从智能驾驶公司到AI汽车公司,转变意味着什么?二者有怎样的区别?未来AI汽车市场容量会是怎样的?
何小鹏:从技术上可以简单认为,智能汽车靠程序员写算法规则,AI汽车靠训练和推理运行。
从用户体感来说,以前自动驾驶性能上限低,靠大量规则补下限。所以有很多做L4的公司在特定区域表现好,扩大范围就不行,因为它们依赖规则编写。
例如,Waymo在旧金山某些街道的程序中明确写着某时会有很多流浪汉,需要避开等社会规则。但AI训练所容纳的异常或特殊场景会越来越多,甚至接近无限。智能到AI就是这样的变化,从优先规则进化到理解驾驶本质。
2025年下半年,我们期望实现L3级自动驾驶,当然也可能是L3的初级阶段,后续会花几年时间把L3从初阶做到
校对:星歌
“一是电能量市场电价浮动区间较窄,无法真实反映市场需求。二是辅助服务费用分摊机制尚未打通,仍作为‘成本项’在电源侧零和博弈。三是新型储能容量电价实施细则尚未出台,项目补偿难以落实。四是部分储能并网运行后出现不同程度的寿命跳水、容量打折等质量和安全问题,严重影响调度运用。”
南方周末记者 宋炳晨
责任编辑:曹海东
全国政协委员、宁德时代董事长曾毓群。受访者供图
“新型储能”又一次出现在政府工作报告中。
继2024年“发展新型储能”首次写入政府工作报告,2025年政府工作报告再次指出:“新培育一批国家级先进制造业集群,商业航天、北斗应用、新型储能等新兴产业快速发展。”
作为新型电力系统的重要组成部分,储能技术发挥重要支撑、调节作用,而新型储能一般指的是除抽水蓄能以外的其它各类储能形式。
2025年2月,国家发展改革委等部门发文提出新能源发电全面市场化,且不得将配置储能作为新建新能源项目的前置条件。政策松绑后,储能行业站在市场化的十字路口。
全国政协委员、宁德时代董事长曾毓群认为,相较国外,我国储能的市场参与机制尚不完善,储能价值难以充分发挥。“建议进一步完善储能
校对:吴依兰
© Kevin Frayer/Getty Images
US stocks plunged on Monday as fears grew over an economic slowdown, after President Donald Trump did not rule out a recession.
The Nasdaq sank by 4.0% at the close of trading, its largest single-day loss since 2022, and there were heavy losses on other markets with tech stocks seeing the largest drops.
Tesla shares fell about 15.4%, while chipmaker Nvidia was down more than 5%. Other major tech stocks including Meta, Amazon and Alphabet also sank.
The S&P 500 Index slid 2.7%, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 2.1%.
It comes after Trump said the US economy was in a period of transition, after he was asked about concerns over a potential recession.
Speaking to Fox News in an interview broadcast on Sunday but recorded on Thursday, Trump appeared to acknowledge the concerns. "I hate to predict things like that," he said. "There is a period of transition because what we're doing is very big. We're bringing wealth back to America. That's a big thing."
There are growing fears among economic analysts that growth will slow and prices will rise.
Last week, the main US markets fell back to the level before Trump's election victory last November, which had initially been welcomed investors due to hopes of tax cuts and lighter regulation.
Head in hands, eight-year-old Timmy muttered to himself as he tried to beat a robot powered by artificial intelligence at a game of chess.
But this was not an AI showroom or laboratory – this robot was living on a coffee table in a Beijing apartment, along with Timmy.
The first night it came home, Timmy hugged his little robot friend before heading to bed. He doesn't have a name for it – yet.
"It's like a little teacher or a little friend," the boy said, as he showed his mum the next move he was considering on the chess board.
Moments later, the robot chimed in: "Congrats! You win." Round eyes blinking on the screen, it began rearranging the pieces to start a new game as it continued in Mandarin: "I've seen your ability, I will do better next time."
China is embracing AI in its bid to become a tech superpower by 2030.
DeepSeek, the breakthrough Chinese chatbot that caught the world's attention in January, was just the first hint of that ambition.
Money is pouring into AI businesses seeking more capital, fuelling domestic competition. There are more than 4,500 firms developing and selling AI, schools in the capital Beijing are introducing AI courses for primary and secondary students later this year, and universities have increased the number of places available for students studying AI.
"This is an inevitable trend. We will co-exist with AI," said Timmy's mum, Yan Xue. "Children should get to know it as early as possible. We should not reject it."
She is keen for her son to learn both chess and the strategy board game Go – the robot does both, which persuaded her that its $800 price tag was a good investment. Its creators are already planning to add a language tutoring programme.
Perhaps this was what the Chinese Communist Party hoped for when it declared in 2017 that AI would be "the main driving force" of the country's progress. President Xi Jinping is now betting big on it, as a slowing Chinese economy grapples with the blow of tariffs from its biggest trading partner, the United States.
Beijing plans to invest 10tn Chinese yuan ($1.4tn; £1tn) in the next 15 years as it competes with Washington to gain the edge in advanced tech. AI funding got yet another boost at the government's annual political gathering, which is currently under way. This comes on the heels of a 60 billion yuan-AI investment fund created in January, just days after the US further tightened export controls for advanced chips and placed more Chinese firms on a trade blacklist.
But DeepSeek has shown that Chinese companies can overcome these barriers. And that's what has stunned Silicon Valley and industry experts – they did not expect China to catch up so soon.
It's a reaction Tommy Tang has become accustomed to after six months of marketing his firm's chess-playing robot at various competitions.
Timmy's machine comes from the same company, SenseRobot, which offers a wide range in abilities – Chinese state media hailed an advanced version in 2022 that beat chess Grand Masters at the game.
"Parents will ask about the price, then they will ask where I am from. They expect me to come from the US or Europe. They seem surprised that I am from China," Mr Tang said, smiling. "There will always be one or two seconds of silence when I say I am from China."
His firm has sold more than 100,000 of the robots and now has a contract with a major US supermarket chain, Costco.
One of the secrets to China's engineering success is its young people. In 2020, more than 3.5 million of the country's students graduated with degrees in science, technology, engineering and maths, better known as STEM.
That's more than any other country in the world - and Beijing is keen to leverage it. "Building strength in education, science and talent is a shared responsibility," Xi told party leaders last week.
Ever since China opened its economy to the world in the late 1970s, it has "been through a process of accumulating talent and technology," says Abbott Lyu, vice-president of Shanghai-based Whalesbot, a firm that makes AI toys. "In this era of AI, we've got many, many engineers, and they are hardworking."
Behind him, a dinosaur made of variously coloured bricks roars to life. It's being controlled through code assembled on a smartphone by a seven-year-old.
The company is developing toys to help children as young as three learn code. Every package of bricks comes with a booklet of code. Children can then choose what they want to build and learn how to do it. The cheapest toy sells for around $40.
"Other countries have AI education robots as well, but when it comes to competitiveness and smart hardware, China is doing better," Mr Lyu insists.
The success of DeepSeek turned its CEO Liang Wenfeng into a national hero and "is worth 10 billion yuan of advertising for [China's] AI industry," he added.
"It has let the public know that AI is not just a concept, that it can indeed change people's lives. It has inspired public curiosity."
Six homegrown AI firms, including DeepSeek, have now been nicknamed China's six little dragons by the internet – the others are Unitree Robotics, Deep Robotics, BrainCo, Game Science, and Manycore Tech.
Some of them were at a recent AI fair in Shanghai, where the biggest Chinese firms in the business showed off their advances, from search and rescue robots to a backflipping dog-like one, which wandered the halls among visitors.
In one bustling exhibition hall, two teams of humanoid robots battled it out in a game of football, complete in red and blue jerseys. The machines fell when they clashed – and one of them was even taken off the field in a stretcher by their human handler who was keen to keep the joke going.
It was hard to miss the air of excitement among developers in the wake of DeepSeek. "Deepseek means the world knows we are here," said Yu Jingji, a 26-year-old engineer.
But as the world learns of China's AI potential, there are also concerns about what AI is allowing the Chinese government to learn about its users.
AI is hungry for data - the more it gets, the smarter it makes itself and, with around a billion mobile phone users compared to just over 400 million in the US, Beijing has a real advantage.
The West, its allies and many experts in these countries believe that data gathered by Chinese apps such as DeepSeek, RedNote or TikTok can be accessed by the Chinese Communist Party. Some point to the country's National Intelligence Law as evidence of this.
But Chinese firms, including ByteDance, which owns TikTok, says the law allows for the protection of private companies and personal data. Still, suspicion that US user data on TikTok could end up in the hands of the Chinese government drove Washington's decision to ban the hugely popular app.
That same fear – where privacy concerns meet national security challenges - is hitting Deepseek. South Korea banned new downloads of DeepSeek, while Taiwan and Australia have barred the app from government-issued devices.
Chinese companies are aware of these sensitivities and Mr Tang was quick to tell the BBC that "privacy was a red line" for his company. Beijing also realises that this will be a challenge in its bid to be a global leader in AI.
"DeepSeek's rapid rise has triggered hostile reactions from some in the West," a commentary in the state-run Beijing Daily noted, adding that "the development environment for China's AI models remains highly uncertain".
But China's AI firms are not deterred. Rather, they believe thrifty innovation will win them an undeniable advantage – because it was DeepSeek's claim that it could rival ChatGPT for a fraction of the cost that shocked the AI industry.
So the engineering challenge is how to make more, for less. "This was our Mission Impossible," Mr Tang said. His company found that the robotic arm used to move chess pieces was hugely expensive to produce and would drive the price up to around $40,000.
So, they tried using AI to help do the work of engineers and enhance the manufacturing process. Mr Tang claims that has driven the cost down to $1,000.
"This is innovation," he says. "Artificial engineering is now integrated into the manufacturing process."
This could have enormous implications as China applies AI on a vast scale. State media already show factories full of humanoid robots. In January, the government said that it would promote the development of AI-powered humanoid robots to help look after its rapidly ageing population.
Xi has repeatedly declared "technological self-reliance" a key goal, which means China wants to create its own advanced chips, to make up for US export restrictions that could hinder its plans.
The Chinese leader knows he is in for a long race – the Beijing Daily recently warned that the DeepSeek moment was not a time for "AI triumphalism" because China was still in "catch-up mode".
President Xi is investing heavily in artificial intelligence, robots and advanced tech in preparation for a marathon that he hopes China will eventually win.
© Nicole Tung for The New York Times
© Guerchom Ndebo for The New York Times
© Tim Gruber for The New York Times
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尽管中国的言论审查和舆论管控日趋严峻,国家对公民的监控也无处不在,但我们依然可以看那些不服从的个体,顶着被删号、被约谈、甚至被监禁的风险,对不公义勇敢发出自己的声音。
中国数字时代在“404文库”栏目中长期收录这些被当局审查机制删除的声音。如果您也不希望这些声音就这样消失,请随手将它们转发给您可以转发的任何人。
在本期的【404文库】栏目中,我们将选读过去一周中引起舆论关注的三篇404文章。
近日,长期活跃在微博平台的网红@峰哥亡命天涯 发帖讲述他在韩国生活一个月的感受。但其言论“刺痛”了部分网民的爱国心。该帖遭到微博平台删除。
他写道:
我在韩国的这一个月,简单聊聊我的感受。大家让我多接触接触韩国的底层,多拍点悲惨的,我尽力去找了。我最真实的感受就是我感知不到谁是真正的底层,服务员280 万,搬运工300 万,销售300万,美甲师300万,电焊工500万,工地600万…… 大家收入都差不多,干越累越脏活的蓝领,收入反而越高,那你说这些人谁是底层呢?我看他们每天出门也都穿戴着名牌,收拾的溜光水滑,实在是拍不出有多惨。
反而在我们的刻板印象里,服务员和送外卖的,往往和农村人,没文化的,辍学的,老哥… 这些词联系在一起。我们在嘲笑韩国人吃饭价格高的时候,似乎从来只是站在食客的角度去思考问题,但是从来不去讨论食物为什么高?食物不是自己从厨房里长出来的,需要从冷库搬运到后厨,厨师烹饪好之后,服务员给你端上来… 食物的价格包含了一层层的人力成本。韩国的整个社会愿意让度出自己的部分收入,去满足这些我们嘴里的 “底层”,让服务员也能拿一份相对体面的收入。
我不知道我们这些从小受社会主义人人平等思想熏陶长大的一代人,为什么会对此出言讥讽,又为什么会对享受着廉价劳动力而沾沾自喜?人的幸福生活一定是建立在对人本身的尊重之上,把自己当人,也把别人当人。
正在北京举行的全国两会宣布,城乡居民基础养老金最低标准提高20元,但由于农民养老金不公问题长期存在,一些除北京、上海的网民并不买账。来自甘肃的微信公众号“老干体v”作者便发布文章,讽刺当局。该文很快便被删除。
在这篇文章中,作者写道:
西域的杏树下,农民裂开了大嘴,笑容满面:「党中央的政策亚克西!」正在举行的全国两会宣布,城乡居民基础养老金最低标准再提高20元!20元啦!村民奔走相告,笑声传遍了村头巷尾。自有史以来,中国农民从未获得如此丰厚的福利!
要知道,20元,可能仅仅是一碗牛肉面的钱,但除了看绝对数,更要看涨幅!
按甘肃现行140元的标准,提高20元,增幅高达14%!!!2009年9月1日颁布的《国务院关于开展新型农村社会养老保险试点的指导意见》,最开始55元/月,到2024年时涨到123元,平均每年涨4块5毛钱,算涨幅的话,年复合增长率约为5.4%。
再说了,这种幸福,根本就不是可以用钱来衡量的——农民真正成为国家的主人,在投票选代表时,不像以前那样8个农民折合一个市民;在领养老金时,也有了。再说了,为了给农民加这20元,本已紧张的财政,每年得拿出来600亿元!鸡西市原副市长李传良贪腐30亿元。这相当于每年要抓20个副厅级的李市长,才能挤出这笔巨款!
下面这份基础养老金标准(元/月),充分显示了中国农民的真实地位,是多么的被关爱:
1 上海 1490
2 北京 961
3 西藏 245
4 浙江 220
5 江苏 228
6 青海 200
7 广东 200
8 山东 188
9 海南 190
10 内蒙古 185
11 黑龙江 163
12 重庆 160
13 广西 160
14 福建 160
15 四川 163
16 宁夏 170
17 新疆 180
18 陕西 148
19 河南 148
20 湖北 158
21 湖南 151
22 贵州 153
23 云南 143
24 安徽 135
25 江西 140
26 河北 140
27 山西 140
28 吉林 145
29 辽宁 154
30 甘肃 140
31 天津 322我出生于1976年,读中学时每年要扛80斤麦子25里山路换肩去缴公粮。除了排队说好话求粮站鉴定合格,最怕关系不到位被「火耗」——也许是因为有不够饱满的麦粒,也许是没干够,也许是混入一粒土疙瘩,你得按市场价交钱,让粮站帮你收购合格的粮食交进去——这笔钱,可能是我们一家人全年的现金收入……
连上贡都要被刁难,这中间的屈辱,你无法想像。
有关高中“双休”的消息近日在中文互联网上被广泛关注,有关讨论被重点审查。
微信公众号“冷杉RECORD”所发布的一篇讨论文章便被删除。
在这篇遭到审查的文章中,作者写道:
“严格执行八小时工作制、双休,社会会变得怎样?”——几年前,知乎上有人发问。
“会变得正常。”一个网友回答。
作为衡水某公立中学老师,蒋敏告诉我,从内心而言,她无比渴望双休,但这基本是奢望。她有着这样的观点,“衡水只要还卷教育,就很难双休。”
“我一天只能睡四五个小时。”作为班主任,学生们早上六点跑操,蒋敏五点半就得起床,站在操场等学生过来;晚上10点学生们睡觉了,她还得查寝。等回到住处,再处理些事情,通常已经是半夜十二点了。
在中学当班主任,意味着不光得教学,还得操心其他事。学生有任何情绪问题,都需要及早干预。比如,有的学生 莫名其妙去踢门,在蒋敏看来就是有情绪问题,必须通知家长带回家。“别说双休了,我们当老师的,只要不是得绝症,到了(癌症)晚期,谁也不敢休。”
而这个在衡水教育圈看来难以落地的制度,正在衡水以外的学校中逐渐推广着。
山东青岛某中学发布的作息时间公示中,明确备注“周末双休,学校不同意安排授课、考试。周六学校开放校园,学生自愿选择是否到校参加自主学习”。安徽省一所高中也发通知,“学生周五晚自习下放假,周一早晨到校上课(其中高三年级周六晚自习下放假)”。
2月18日,苏州市教育局回复网友时说,“苏州中小学校根据教育局、教育厅相关部署,严格遵守相关要求,高一、高二确保双休,高三可以利用周六进行自习辅导,高中阶段晚自习遵循自愿原则,结束时间不得晚于21:30”。长沙市教育局则明确表示,“严禁高中学生在法定节假日、寒暑假成建制补课”。
与家长们视双休为洪水猛兽的态度截然相反的是,不少学生在人民网领导留言板上,表达着他们对双休的渴望。
这其中,长沙一名高中生的留言写得很真诚:“我们高中生的生活目前是这个作息:周一到周六全天上课,周日晚上还要回学校自习,感觉一周七天都在学习,连喘口气的时间都没有。回到家,我爸妈还报了补习班,说实话,我真的觉得特别累,有时候晚上写作业写到凌晨,第二天上课困得不行,虽然很想听老师讲课,但真的太困了听不进去。而且一周上这么多课,如果还不出成绩的话,总觉得辜负了爸妈和老师的期望,所以心理压力特别大。”
留言末尾,该学生代表所有长沙高中生,恳请领导支持“高中双休”政策,“让我们能有更多的时间去休息、去思考、去成长。”我把这条留言拿给衡水的一名高中生看,他逐字读完后,声音哽咽起来。
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