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Today — 13 August 2025News

剥洋葱people|缝纫机与透析机:尿毒症工厂里的生存实验

13 August 2025 at 19:05

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对于他来说,最务实的生存法则是,“可以病,不能病态,也不能太病。”他反复把这句话解释给新来的年轻人:“我们是有病,但不能病恹恹躺平,肾坏了脑子没坏;也得照顾好身体,身体是本钱,本钱没了,都是白玩。”

文丨新京报记者 吴瑜 实习生 罗丽娟

编辑 丨陈晓舒

校对 丨赵琳

老裁缝终于坐回缝纫机前,生计和尊严都回来了。

两年前,听说广州有服装厂专收尿毒症病人,待业多年的43岁尿毒症病人张顺,从江西老家赶来。没带什么行李,除了三支缝纫用的旧锥子。

厂里都知道来了个“狠人”——早七点多到,晚十点多才走。揽最多的货,布料把缝纫机桌面铺满,剩下的堆在腿上。踏板“踩到飞起”,“下一件永远要比上一件快。”再后来,他要和“普工组”的健康工人争货单,比试工作量。

“风吹不着,雨打不着,让咱们病人过正常人一样的生活”,张顺一直记着员工大会上,主管说过的话。

这家“收留”尿毒症患者的工厂,其实是广州城郊的一家民营透析中心开的。二三层是透析室,四层就是服装厂。尿毒症工人——最大的60岁、最小的18岁,每日上上下下,把服装厂里挣到的钱用来交透析费,透析完的身体再继续投入工作。

在广州这不是个例。3年来,边打工边透析的外地尿毒症病人,占据数十家民营透析中心近半数床位。他们在这座城市,开辟出以工养医的生存路径,也过上抱团取暖的集体生活。

但这不仅仅是尿毒症病人希望以更“体面”的方式生存的故事。

根据中国肾脏疾病数据系统统计,截至2024年底,我国有超200万尿毒症病人,其中大陆地区透析患者总数达118.3万例,年新增患者约2万人。大量乡镇县城尿毒症病人,仍面临着就业、就医和经济上的困境。

在广州这个生态圈里,民营透析中心和病人彼此依存。一方面,民营透析中心提供的食宿、就业、补贴等福利,为病人提供生存空间;另一方面,靠福利吸引来的病人,又为透析中心带来医疗营收。

与此同时,这个生态圈也处在规则的灰色地带。

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夜里十点半,张顺在加班。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

CDT 档案卡
标题:缝纫机与透析机:尿毒症工厂里的生存实验
作者:剥洋葱
发表日期:2025.8.13
来源:微信公众号“剥洋葱people”
主题归类:活着
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

病人与工人 

距离广州市中心20公里,一家五层民营透析中心临街坐落,日晒雨淋后,招牌褪成灰蓝色,在往来的车流中并不打眼。每个清晨,一群尿毒症工人簇拥着钻进这栋楼,天黑,又四散消失在背后的握手楼群中。

楼内运转着一个精密的医疗工业系统——四层是服装厂,58名尿毒症工人在此工作,日产能最高可达两千件;二三层是透析室,50台透析机并列排开,可供200人轮班透析;一楼是理疗室,为病人提供推拿按摩服务。电梯入口,挂着街道办事处颁发的“爱心工厂”证书,上面写着“帮助病人回归社会”。

餐饮、手工、医疗耗材组装,广州几家民营透析中心提供的就业类型各异。张顺所在的服装厂,开办得早,规模较大,在圈里小有名气。

每早八点半,四楼工厂里,随着缝纫机的声音吱吱呀呀响起,58双黑瘦的手忙碌起来。技术好的车裤子,细心的剪线头,眼力好的查货,年纪大的打扫地面的废布条,最后熨烫、打包。这天,共产出1000多条裤子。工人们比画着过大的裤腰,猜测,这批货最终要发往海外。

除了速度慢,外行人也能一眼看出工厂的特殊。

每一双劳作的手臂上,用于透析的血管丘陵一般凸起;零星的水杯里混着蛋白粉,防止手脚抽筋耽误干活;头部车间里,十几名健康的熟练工人带动产量,近九成肾友工人堆积在尾部,干技术门槛低的碎活,他们围坐在一张方形大桌子边,穿腰带,钉扣子,挂吊牌,货不够分时,“把活儿让点儿给家里有小孩的”,大多只拿底薪维生。

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尿毒症病人透析中,枕边备着速效救心丸、防止低血糖的彩虹糖。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

中午十二点,张顺乘电梯下到三楼透析室,从工人变成病人。为了确保每个工种都不缺人,工人们分早中晚三个批次离岗透析。

透析室里,透析机通过两根针连接他的身体,血液经过一个针眼流入小拇指粗的透析管,透析机代替衰竭的肾脏,把体内淤积的水分混带毒素甩出,最后干净的血液再从另一个针眼输回身体。除了换肾,这是尿毒症病人维持生命的主要方式,血液透析。通常一周三次,一次四小时,直到生命终结。

“存不到钱,但能养活自己”,工厂包吃住的情况下,叠加每月400元的“控水奖金”,工人们的工资能基本覆盖医疗和生活支出。

作为“劳模”,张顺收入最高,月平均工资在4500元左右。近三个月,除去透析费、药费和生活费,结余下的1000多元,他都用来打营养针,238元一针,相当于缝600条裤脚的工钱,一星期一针,“打完有力气继续挣钱。”

得病前,张顺在沿海各地的制衣厂打工,用几十年劳作,换来县城的一套房;得病后,他又在各地辗转求医,积蓄、工作、婚姻,连同残存的排尿能力一起流失。最后,需要终身透析的他,困在老家,坐吃山空。

与张顺一样,工友们的面目是相似的。他们来自全国各地的乡镇或县城郊区,年龄大多在二十岁到五十岁之间,经济能力不足以支持换肾,需要终身透析。时间拉长一些,他们曾经从事各行各业,用当外卖员、长途车司机、装修工人、流水线工人的收入,支撑起一个家庭的运转,得病后,被劳动市场淘汰,面临经济压力。他们希望自力更生,不做家人的负累。

具体来说,钱是一点一点流走的。

透析前的漫长时间里,“死马当活马医”的钱,已经让一些家庭掏光家底。慢性肾脏病分为五期,不可逆地向前发展,周期慢的长达20年。

2012年,血液透析被纳入大病医保,大部分地区报销比例提升至九成左右,极大减轻了尿毒症患者的负担。但是,透析自付部分、并发症、用药、交通、在透析中心附近租房等费用叠加,对于失去收入来源的病人,仍是一笔不小的开支。

光是血液透析的自付部分,不同省市县、不同医保类型,报销程度都不同,患者的医疗负担也因此相差较大。一些地区的透析费仅能报销七成左右,患者每年需自付3万-4万元。部分地区设有报销上限,超出部分需患者自行承担。一位湖南籍工人透露,老家每月报销限额在4000元左右,额度经常不够用,“后来,我不得已把每周3次透析改为2周5次,每月仍要自付2000多元。”这笔支出,几乎相当于这个农村家庭整月的收入。

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工厂考勤表,标注着工人离岗透析的时间点。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

生计和尊严

来广州之前,工人们怀揣着一堆求职不得的经历。

偏见、比常人差的体力、被透析耽误的工时、雇主怕出意外担责等,使他们的就业之路困难重重。于是他们隐藏身份,带袖套、穿长袖,“小偷一样”工作,最后纸还是没包住火;许多基层公立医院,只在白天开放透析,工作和透析时间冲突,病人们选择上夜班,连续几个月通宵,“身体遭不住了”;有人干脆做日结搬运工,用工时段灵活,但手臂上透析用的血管,因用力过猛堵塞了。

最后,他们退回到一方床位上。

关于老家的生活,工人们多多少少描述过这样的画面——日子长在两张床上,一张床在家,床边窗户紧闭,白天黑夜,风晴雪雨,生活没什么分别;另一张床在医院,“黑麻麻的病人钉在越来越挤的透析室”,直到病人一波波被更替。

连接两张床的,是一辆风雨无阻,每周三次往返“续命”的电动车。由于基层医疗资源覆盖不足,在偏远地区,有的电动车需要跋涉到市级医院。根据国家卫健委2025年发布的数据,目前,全国仍有72个常住人口超过10万的县,公立综合县医院不具备血液透析服务能力。

于是,经年累月,与钱一起丧失的,还有尊严和体面。

他们或许还能活很久,但因疾病,很多生的权利提前丧失了,不仅是婚姻、社会关系,还有工作机会,这些和病痛一样难以承受。

张顺就曾面临这种处境。离异、无业,儿子尚未迈入社会。邻居眼里,当年意气风发的老裁缝,变成了总穿长袖衬衫的无业游民,没人知道,长袖下面是越来越密集的针眼,像给往后人生打出的一串省略号。

他想去大城市打工挣钱,但医保报销是个问题。“异地就医”手续繁杂,高额垫付费用难以承担。另一种思路,放弃老家医保,购买大城市的医保,也难办——“五险一金成套下来得一千多元”,更重要的是,得在当地有正经工作,打零工不算。

2021年,生活像是开了一道口。

那年9月,国家医保局在全国启动5种门诊慢特病治疗费用跨省直接结算试点,尿毒症透析是其中一种,相关费用的实时报销在各地逐渐普及。

不久后的2022年1月,广东省率先开放灵活就业人员参加医保的户籍限制,这意味着,在广东打零工的尿毒症病人,如果来自医保报销程度低的地区,可选择在广东就地参加职工医保,且不与其他险种挂钩。3年后的2025年1月,国家发展改革委发文提出,全面取消在就业地参加医保的户籍限制,以推动参保公平,目前部分地区仍有居住证等条件限制。

两项医保政策的开放,让作为“试验田”的广州,一定程度上打破了参保就医的地域和身份限制,透析病人得以前来谋生。

“黑麻麻的,浑身中药味,甚至没有去考察透析室,直接杀到车间试缝纫机。”老员工都记得当年张顺冲进工厂,着急挣钱的样子。“我只想努力挣钱,比之前过得好。”

隔天在宿舍醒来,“熟悉的感觉回来了。”握手楼群,窗户挨着窗户,天没亮,稀稀拉拉的声响就钻进耳朵,接着晚归人的脚步声的,是清洁工、外卖员、工厂工人电动车滴滴的启动声。他起床上班,走在这群人中——得病前他是其中一员,现在,他“回归正常人的世界了”。

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张顺在工作。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

张顺对桌的邱秀兰,比他晚一拨儿到。

邱秀兰今年35岁,因病被雇主辞退后,她在云南家中“躺了”5年,靠在电子厂工作的丈夫供养自己和两个小孩。“大部分尿毒症家庭,婚姻都不会持久的”,丈夫有了新的感情,她不反抗,“我什么价值都提供不了”,何况,每月总归是要管他伸手要钱。

丈夫不同意邱秀兰外出打工,“别累死在外面。”“我宁愿累死,也不要病死”,临行前,她给院里安上监控,想孩子时能看上一眼。然后,在一个清晨的狗吠声中悄悄出了门。

在工厂里,她一步步学技术,一年内成为车间主力,第一个月赚的3600元,除去医疗和日常开支,她把剩下的寄给老家的孩子,另一笔攒下的钱用来张罗公公的葬礼。丈夫照常不联系她,不过现在无所谓了,她能养活自己。

当生活趋向平稳后,她把更多的年轻女性同乡带出来。

18岁的叶晓敏是其中之一,她是县城医院里年龄最小的尿毒症病人,辍学后,没机会迈入社会。父母都是务工人员,收入并不高,她还有两个正上学的兄妹。因为家住得偏远,母亲不得不在县城医院附近租房照顾她。透析费和租房费,给家里带来很大压力。

压力还来自对未来的迷茫。“我年纪小,每次进透析室,其他病人都用可怜的眼神看我,好像能看穿我的一生。”县城小社会里,她避着人走路,大部分时间沤在出租屋里,就这样过了三年。“我不甘心一辈子这样。”当地医院的透析群里,她加上邱秀兰的微信。

叶晓敏爱学习,能吃苦,一进厂就要求去头部车间学技术活。邱秀兰教她用缝纫机,从走直线、打圈,再到打边。她还用剩余的布料给叶晓敏缝了坐垫,“坐着不累”,厂里发的1000元介绍费,邱秀兰也“分享”给叶晓敏一半。很快叶晓敏学会了车整条裤子。

她们彼此陪伴,挨着床位透析,又一起上班,自食其力付医药费。

10平方米的宿舍里,她们和另一位云南老乡合住,两张上下铺的床,多出的床位码满药,窗台上晾着粉格子样式的枕巾,那是用厂里的废弃布料缝制的。下班后的夜晚,微风顺着楼群间的缝隙吹进来,满屋都是洗衣粉的味道。

像窗台上被拼接晾起的布料,三个被疾病磨损的身体,在这个能够到的“最宽广”的地方,重建起“体面”的生活。

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邱秀兰和叶晓敏在工作。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

老板的生意

“我开厂的目的很简单,通过帮助他们,增加病人数量。”五楼办公室里,兼任透析中心老板和服装厂厂长的贺军坐在监视器前。他按动遥控器,屏幕里十三个画面依次切换,工厂和透析室尽收眼底。

2017年,为缓解公立医院床位压力,推进分级诊疗,原国家卫计委正式允许社会资本进入透析领域,也是那一年,贺军从公立医院提前退休,创办了这家民营血液透析中心。据中国非公医疗机构协会统计数据,截至2021年年底,全国共有独立透析中心611家,约占全国透析服务机构总量的十分之一。其中,广东是全国独立透析中心数量最多的省份,占96家。

但分级诊疗效果仍难以实现。“本地人更信赖公立医院,公立医院依然一床难求,民营透析中心大量机器闲置。”于是,多家民营透析中心通过发放福利吸引客源。所谓的福利包括,包吃住、安排就业、发补贴等,补贴金额从几百到小几千元不等,“不提供住宿和就业的,补贴高一些。”

激烈竞争下,一些民营透析中心还会通过中介触达外地客源,这些“透析头子”在短视频平台发布广告,对接外地尿毒症病人,有时还负责去车站接人、安顿食宿和介绍工作。当病人透满三个月,他们从透析中心处按人头拿介绍费,金额在百元到千元不等。

凭借商人的敏锐和冒险精神,2022年,看准尿毒症病人就业难的痛点,贺军在透析室楼上办起制衣厂,帮助病人以工养医。此后,靠安排就业吸引来的透析患者,占据了客源总数的大半,一度萧条的透析中心得以起死回生。

其实,工厂本身难以盈利。工人们戏称,下楼透析才是“体现价值”的时候。

“价值”可以量化为数字。据2025年7月15日实施的《广东省医疗保障局关于公布泌尿系统透析类医疗服务价格项目的通知》,“血液透析费”项目的全省最高限价为每次390元,各地市据此合理制定具体价格。不考虑用药和其他治疗项目,如果按每周血液透析3次计算,月人均血液透析费用约为4000元到5000元。医保报销的九成左右费用,通过医保经办机构拨付给透析中心。

“单人月毛利润在2000元左右。”贺军说。“毛利润”指从医疗上赚到的钱,减服装厂“贴出去的钱”。

“终究不是慈善,我能提供的很有限”,晚上十点,五楼办公室里,监视器的蓝光打在贺军脸上,屏幕一角,张顺佝着身子加班,夹在缝纫机上的小夜灯,把他的脸映得黑亮。贺军坦率地说,“只能是给他一个好身体,再给一个工作机会,让他能回归社会,自食其力。”因为担心出意外,他通常等到张顺下班才离开。

这样的生态圈里,民营透析中心和病人是彼此依存的。一方面,民营透析中心提供的食宿、就业、补贴等福利,为病人提供生存空间;另一方面,靠福利吸引来的病人,又为透析中心带来医疗营收。

也正因为这样的福利,使这个生态圈始终处在规则的灰色地带。这背后,是一个争议已久的话题——发放福利是否合规?一些外省案例中,已有类似行为被有关部门叫停整改。

有律师认为,发福利不仅涉及不正当竞争,也可能属于医保基金的不合理使用。有业内人士抱怨,个别透析中心每月补贴高达两千元,类似“花钱买病人”。但也有律师称,民营透析中心“让利”患者,属于市场行为,不该被过多干涉。总之,“不能在明面上说”的福利,给圈里人带来隐隐的不安全感。

“什么规则,没有规则,规则就是活下去”,缝纫机边,张顺快速输出,语速和针脚一样密。他听说过类似传言,比起老板,他更担心工厂的存续。厂里缺货源,发不出工资的那个月,他借给贺军数万元维持运转。他想在这里干一辈子。

而贺军则更希望得到一些政策扶持,比如,有关部门能提供一栋廉租房,作为病人的宿舍。有律师表示,目前法律上没有专门针对尿毒症病人的用工规范,如果给企业以雇佣残疾人一样的政策优惠,或许能提高雇佣积极性。

“如果这样的就业模式,能从广州推广出去,我们找工作就没这么难了。”一位工人病友说。

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尾部车间里,尿毒症工人在剪线头。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

“扳命”

“在这里没有失落感,大家都是一样的人。”从第一批尿毒症病人来到广州,已经过去近五年。他们早就把自己连根拔起,一些人离家前,把户口本从父母处分割出来,怕出事后连累家人。

在这片开辟出的领地上,尿毒症病人建立起自己的语言体系,健康人叫“正常人”,健康的工人叫“普工”,而病人间互称“肾友”,一些病友继而发展成情侣,圈里叫“透析搭子”。分散在不同透析中心的老乡会彼此惦记,“隔段时间就打个电话,就怕人消失了。”

日子是共同过的。下班路上,小瓶冰镇矿泉水一个传一个,轮着喝一瓶;宿舍里,一人生病,其他人帮着送医院;钱被借来借去,肾友来来往往,有的去了别的透析中心,有的后来去世,这些钱不一定都还得上。张顺赚到的钱,请肾友吃过饭,帮回家探亲的肾友报销过飞机票。赚得最多的那个月,他捐出去1000元,街道颁发的爱心证书至今放在每日通勤的公文包里,把包的四个角撑得周正。

与老家相比,唯一没变的是眼前的死亡风险。毕竟,透龄、肤色和手臂上针孔的密度,年轮一样呈现着剩余生命的刻度。

从医学上来说,年轻尿毒症病人的生存期,通常为5年到20年,受年龄、病情等因素影响,部分可达20年以上。根据中国非公立医疗机构协会肾脏病透析专业委员会统计数据,截至2020年,我国透析患者平均年龄为56.9岁。

风险的形式是具体的。透析过程中出现的低血压、肌肉痉挛、低血糖等情况,如果得不到及时抢救,重则危及生命。张顺透析时不睡觉,“怕出意外醒不来”;一位透龄长的病人手里攥着速效救心丸,四小时透析过程中,他不断地睡过去,醒来后又在枕头缝里翻找药瓶,“这药跟钱似的,可以不用,但得有心里才踏实”;“扳命”,病床上一位贵州患者用方言形容透析,这个词原意指离开水的鱼拼命摆动尾巴。

这里的确出现过死亡的案例:高龄病人透析后晕倒死亡了;清晨宿舍里,工人被发现时已经不幸离世。作为“高危”群体,他们的死因难定。家属来闹,工厂赔钱,遗体被领走,之后的事大家不愿多讨论。直到一切恢复如常,传言湮灭在工厂机器的运作声中。

即便是这样的风险,大家也都选择用集体主义的方式应对。

两年前,病人们自发成立互助基金,每月一发工资,就往里面存十块钱。起初只有厂里员工参与,后来逐渐扩展到外面的透析中心,甚至是线上的肾友微信群。发起人张永宏记过一笔账,先后有上百位病友参与互助,最多的时候,基金里有过8000元。它让贫血的女孩输上了血,也救过返工路上出车祸的肾友,“没这笔钱,人就没了。”

每逢生日,病友一起庆祝又活过一年。“老东北”“桂林仔”“云南妹”……围坐一圈,用厂里发的两百元生日奖金吃饭喝酒。祝酒词里,大家心照不宣,不谈因疾病而雷同的过去,更不兴聊未来,活在当下的日子里,日常琐碎才是下酒料。酒桌上,脸色乌黑,五官的界限都因此模糊起来的,是透龄长的,他们放得开、喝得多,给年轻人斟酒时,手里的酒瓶被慎重地掂来掂去,倒倒停停,“他们路还长,得控制。”

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结束完一天的工作,晚上八点,透析床位上叶晓敏打着哈欠,邻床邱秀兰已熟睡。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

对于年轻的工友,人生的确有更多可能性。

“从透析的第一天,我就没有打算透析一辈子。”叶晓敏非常肯定地说。18岁的她,大概率会活过厂里年老的工人;或者,按照她的预设,活到医学进步,治愈疾病,“换不起人肾,换个猪肾也行”,但这是一项遥远的技术,称为“异体猪肾移植”,目前全球仅实验三例,均未完全成功;当然,最理想的状况是,活到攒够钱换肾,那才是透析圈里所谓的“终极上岸”。目前,受制于数十万元的费用和受限的肾源,我国超200万名尿毒症患者中,每年能完成肾移植手术的仅5000例。

透析室里,年轻的工人隔床平躺,聊起对未来的规划,关于遥远的医疗技术,关于换肾的价格,关于如何挣更多的钱,关于病好后和“正常人”一样恋爱、结婚。有时有人聊到血压升高,透析机发出滴滴的警报声。

目前的工作,是支撑这些“可能性”的支点。

厂里35岁以下的肾友占了三分之一,初中、技校、大学辍学的都有,许多人在这里才第一次迈入社会。他们大多进入头部车间学技术活儿,干得上心,总拿全勤奖,在各个车间里当上小组长。

透龄长的,没这些念想,工作只为维生。日复一日,他们围在尾部的大方桌边干碎活儿,平均工资不超过2000元,基本抵消开支。午休时间,大桌子变成床,他们直直躺着,睡得踏实,像一排搁浅的鱼。即便底薪连降三次,直到没有,也有人继续待着。他们或许做过其他尝试,发现活路不多,于是不再折腾。

命运无力逆转,不妨舒坦活一日算一日,“不当家里负累就成。”

在这样的尾部车间,工人流动率极高,据贺军统计,来来往往有过百来人,大部分不超3个月就离开,通常,他们在提供不同福利的透析中心间试探、流转。

张顺不属于其中任何一类。

image

透析室门口的储物间,工人离岗透析时,把物品存放在里面。柜门上的人名换了一波又一波。新京报记者 吴瑜 摄

对于他来说,最务实的生存法则是,“可以病,不能病态,也不能太病。”他反复把这句话解释给新来的年轻人:“我们是有病,但不能病恹恹躺平,肾坏了脑子没坏;也得照顾好身体,身体是本钱,本钱没了,都是白玩。”

靠着这样的法则,他过上自足的生活。去年挣了四万多元,攒下两万,打营养针和住院,都没愁过钱;旧宿舍又黑又暗,他自费800元住进大单间,有两扇大窗户,握手楼间距近,阳光照不进屋里,但“有窗户才像人住的地方”。总有外面的透析中心打来电话挖人,他不为所动,“不想像商品一样被换来换去”,稳定才是安全感。

顺利的话,人生将这样有序地运转下去。就像床边桌上,永远码着药片、枸杞、眼药水、矿泉水、创可贴,生活就围绕这些物件展开。

早起,来一片药“抗病毒”;一把枸杞明目,再滴上眼药水,尿毒症影响视力,可他“靠眼力挣钱”;塞进包里的矿泉水,是两天的饮水量,一口都多不得;最后,用创可贴把胳膊上的针孔盖严实,“房东看到不敢租给你的。”

做好这些准备工作,他出门上班,新的一天,周而复始。

(应受访者要求,文中张顺、邱秀兰、叶晓敏、贺军为化名)

张3丰的世界|发声的代价向来巨大

13 August 2025 at 18:50

file

这位较真的家长,发现校服质量有问题(材质和标签上宣称的不符),录了一个视频,点击量11万。

和学校沟通无果,他又做了一个视频。然后校服生产商举报了他,当地公安把他拘留了七天。

现在法院判他无罪,当地警方违法,对他进行国家赔偿,金额是3200元。这个金额是根据相关法律测算的,本身并没有问题。

但是,这位男子已经失去了一切。画面中他悲苦的脸庞,实在触动人心。我认为,这就是“典型中国人”,在这副面孔中,我们能看到自己的影子上次让我有这种感觉的,是“鸿毛药酒事件”中从拘留所出来的那位医生。

filev

CDT 档案卡
标题:发声的代价向来巨大
作者:张3丰
发表日期:2025.8.13
来源:微信公众号“张3丰的世界”
主题归类:因言获罪
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

因为被拘留,邓建国就成了“有问题的人”,他失去了工作。家里人不理解他,于是也只有离婚了。在申诉的过程中,周围的人可能也觉得他是“神经病”,于是他也就真的抑郁了。

这是一个极端个案,但也是一种普遍的处境:在这片土地上,“发声”往往意味着很大的代价。权力的打压只是一方面,更严重的是来自社会(甚至包括自己家庭)的孤立。

就像鲁迅在《狂人日记》中所写的那样。大家可以回味一下,一个不小心说出真相的人,是如何一步步被周围的人指证为“疯子”的。

对此我也有一点体会。因为过去几年写的一些文章,我也被很多人认为是“敏感的”。据说成都某机构举办活动,特别提示不要我过去。我觉得很好玩。“难道我自己的书店是一个文化特区?”

很多人处在一种发声的阴影之中,这个阴影就会不断扩大——实际上它已经无边无际了。

本文的截图,来源于凤凰网的视频,这个视频的转发和点赞量很大,但是它的评论数却还不到5,显示出来的几条,不过是“🙏”这样的表情符号,这本身就是一种嘲讽。

可以尝试把自己放在这位男子的身边。你是属于他的“单位”,“家庭”,孩子就读的学校,校服生产商,或者是当地警方?你会做出怎样的选择?

黄国昌警告台湾能源供给毫无韧性 讽“台电跌倒,绿友友吃饱”

13 August 2025 at 19:00

台湾在野的民众党主席黄国昌警告,在当前的能源政策之下,天然气存量仅有7至11天,煤炭安全存量也只有1个月,能源供给毫无韧性可言。

综合中时新闻网和联合报报道,台湾将在下个星期六(8月23日)就第三座核电站重启进行公投,台湾中选会星期三(8月13日)举办第四场公投意见发表会。

会上,支持重启核三的正方黄国昌表示,本次公投是是在为台湾争取更低廉、稳定、永续的能源,真正推动“能源公正转型”的契机。

他说,台湾前总统蔡英文在2016年提出2025年再生能源发电比例达到20%,如今能源转型早已失败,而依照民进党公布的官方资料,即便到了2026年底都无法达成目标,而目前台湾的发电现况是火力全开,完全违背净零碳排的国际趋势。

黄国昌指,尽管电价在过去三年涨价四次,也用人民的纳税钱拨补台电3000亿元(新台币,下同,128.4亿新元),截至去年底亏损仍然超过4000亿元。“唯一受益的却是民进党权贵,一个又一个绿友友洞烛机先,藉由势力结合大赚一笔”。

他说:“稗官野史曾经说过‘和珅跌倒,天下吃饱’,当前的台湾已经沦为‘台电跌倒,绿友友吃饱’”。

与黄国昌辩论的反方公民代表吴亚盺则质疑,黄国昌在2018年担任以核养绿公投的反方代表,当时也认为核废料难以处理,如今却选择站在重启核三的那边,但至今核废料的处理条件仍与2018年一样,“是因为核废料的风险变小了,还是因为政治立场改变风险就能够被接受了”。

她说:“盼黄国昌能够明确的告诉我们‘核废料究竟要放在哪里’,又要如何克服断层的问题,以及怎么面对核灾风险和世代正义带来的挑战。”

Gaza Plan Stokes Tension Between Israel’s Military Chief and Government

13 August 2025 at 19:56
Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir has pushed back against a proposal to control Gaza City, according to officials. One hard-right member of the government suggested he could be dismissed.

© Menahem Kahana/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir, the Israeli military’s chief of staff, in Jerusalem in March. He has been criticized over promotions of top officers and for consulting with outside advisers.

Southern Europe Battles Deadly Wildfires

High winds were complicating efforts to tame the blazes, which were burning in Greece, Spain, Turkey, Montenegro and Albania.

© Thanassis Stavrakis/Associated Press

Fighting a wildfire on the outskirts of Patras, Greece, on Wednesday.

普京与金正恩通话谈及周五俄美会谈 会谈将在安克雷奇美军基地举行

13 August 2025 at 19:45
13/08/2025 - 13:37

据朝中社报导称,朝鲜最高领导人金正恩周二(12日)与俄罗斯总统普京通电话,双方重申今后加强合作的意志。两国元首就共同关心的问题交换了意见。韩联社报导指,这是朝媒首次发布朝鲜最高领导人与外国元首通话的消息。

朝中社报导称,金正恩说,在迎接祖国解放80周年之际,朝鲜全体人民将虔敬地缅怀80年前红军官兵所建树的英雄殊勋,视之为真正的国际主义的楷模,并向为解放朝鲜而牺牲的苏军烈士表示崇高的敬意。金正恩对于普京高度评价朝鲜国家和军人表示由衷的感谢,并肯定地说,朝方将始终忠于朝俄《全面战略伙伴关系条约》精神,一如既往地完全支持俄罗斯领导班子采取的一切措施。

俄总统府网站则指出,普京高度赞赏朝方“在库尔斯克州从基辅政权入侵部队手中解放过程中提供的支持,以及朝鲜官兵表现出的勇敢、英雄主义和无私精神”。普京还对朝鲜即将迎来摆脱日本殖民统治的“祖国解放”(光复节、8月15日)80周年表示祝贺。

俄总统府介绍称,普京在即将与美国总统特朗普举行会谈的背景下与金正恩分享了信息。普京和金正恩同意进一步进行个人接触。朝中社则没有提及金正恩与普京通话中有关美俄领导人会谈的内容。

此外,据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)引述两名白宫官员报导称,特朗普和普京可能在阿拉斯加州的一座美军军事基地进行会晤。

特朗普和普京周五在阿拉斯加会面,这将是普京近10年来首次踏上美国土地,也是特朗普今年1月重返白宫后首次与普京面对面会谈。两名白宫官员说,此次会谈可能在位于阿拉斯加州最大城市安克雷奇北部的埃尔门多夫-理查森联合基地举行。

报导指,尽管美方“希望避免在美军基地内接待普京及俄方随行人员的场面曝光”,但目前只有该军事基地符合安全要求。由于目前是阿拉斯加州的旅游旺季,会晤地点的选择受限。

UK, France and Germany ready to reimpose sanctions on Iran if nuclear talks don't resume

13 August 2025 at 18:04
Reuters Germany's Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, France's Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noel Barrot, and British Foreign Secretary David Lammy stand next to each other speaking to journalists following nuclear talks with Iran in Geneva in June.Reuters
The foreign ministers of Germany, France and the UK have offered an extension for negotiations with Iran until the end of August

The UK, France and Germany have told the UN they are ready to reimpose sanctions on Iran over its nuclear programme if it fails to resume talks by the end of August.

The three countries, known as the E3, said they were prepared to trigger a "snapback" mechanism - meaning previous sanctions would be reinstated - unless Iran resumes negotiations.

The E3 said they had offered to extend a deadline for negotiations to the end of August, which Iran has not replied to.

Last month, Iran said it was prepared for further talks but only once sanctions already in place were lifted and its right to a civilian nuclear programme was agreed.

It comes after initial talks between E3 and Iranian diplomats took place in Istanbul, Turkey last month.

In a letter to the UN and its chief António Guterres, three foreign ministers - Jean-Noël Barrot from France, David Lammy from the UK and Johann Wadephul from Germany - said they would enforce severe sanctions on Iran unless it agrees to limit its nuclear programme.

On Tuesday, the E3 said their offer of an extension to the negotiations "remained unanswered by Iran".

"We have made it clear that if Iran is not willing to reach a diplomatic solution before the end of August 2025, or does not seize the opportunity of an extension, the E3 are prepared to trigger the snapback mechanism," the letter said.

They added they were committed to using "all diplomatic tools" to ensure Iran does not develop a nuclear weapon - something Iran has denied intending to do.

Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi said in July that triggering sanctions would be "completely illegal".

Sanctions on Iran's nuclear programme were previously lifted in 2015 after Iran signed a nuclear deal with the E3, the US, Russia and China, agreeing limits on its nuclear operations and to allow international inspectors entry to its nuclear sites. The deal is due to expire in October.

The US withdrew from the deal in 2018 during President Donald Trump's first term, with the leader saying it did too little to stop Iran from creating a pathway to a nuclear bomb.

With its withdrawal, all US sanctions were re-imposed on Iran.

Iran retaliated by increasingly breaching the restrictions. In May, the UN nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said it had more than 400kg of uranium enriched to 60% purity - well above the level used for civilian purposes and close to weapons grade.

In June Iran's parliament suspended cooperation with the IAEA after tensions with Israel and the US came to a head.

Israel launched attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities the same month, triggering a 12-day war.

The US bombed a number of Iran's nuclear sites, bringing US-Iran talks to an abrupt end.

Following the strikes, the E3 countries stepped up warnings to Iran about its suspension of cooperation with the IAEA.

The BBC has contacted the UK Foreign Office for comment.

The Iranian mission to the UN did not immediately respond to the BBC's request for comment.

Macron admits French repression in Cameroon's independence struggle

13 August 2025 at 16:29
Universal Images Group via Getty Images French soldiers under colonel Brisset in the Cameroon colony in 1916Universal Images Group via Getty Images
Investigation into atrocities committed by France in Cameroon followed pressure from within the Central African country

French President Emmanuel Macron has acknowledged the violence committed by his country's forces in Cameroon during and after the Central African nation's struggle for independence.

It followed a joint report by Cameroonian and French historians examining France's suppression of independence movements from 1945 to 1971.

In a letter to Cameroon's President Paul Biya made public on Tuesday, Macron said the report made clear "a war had taken place in Cameroon, during which the colonial authorities and the French army exercised repressive violence of several kinds in certain regions of the country".

"It is up to me today to assume the role and responsibility of France in these events," he said.

However, Macron fell short of offering a clear apology for the atrocities committed by French troops in its former colony, which gained independence in 1960.

The French leader cited four independence icons who were killed during military operations led by French forces, including Ruben Um Nyobe, the firebrand leader of the anti-colonialist UPC party.

France pushed hundreds of thousands of Cameroonians into internment camps and supported brutal militias to quash the independence struggle, the AFP news agency quotes the report as saying.

Tens of thousands of people were killed between 1956 and 1961, the historians' report said.

The decision to investigate and publish the findings on France's role in Cameroon's independence struggle was made in 2022, during Macron's visit to Yaoundé.

It followed pressure from within the country for France to acknowledge its atrocities in its former colony and pay reparations.

Macron also expressed willingness to work with Cameroon to promote further research on the matter, while highlighting the need for both countries to make the findings available to universities and scientific bodies.

The BBC has reached out to Cameroon's government for comment on the French president's admission.

While Macron did not address calls for reparations, it is likely to be a key talking-point in Cameroon going forward.

Under Macron, France has attempted to confront its brutal colonial past.

Last year, it acknowledged for the first time that its soldiers had carried out a "massacre" in Senegal in which West African troops were killed in 1944.

Macron has previously acknowledged France's role in the Rwandan genocide, in which about 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus died, and sought forgiveness.

In 2021, he said France had not heeded warnings of impending carnage and had for too long "valued silence over examination of the truth".

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Why are Trump and Putin meeting in Alaska and when will it happen?

13 August 2025 at 11:06
Getty Images File image of a lake and mountains in AlaskaGetty Images

The US and Russia have agreed to hold a meeting between Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin on Friday 15 August, to discuss how to end the war in Ukraine.

Trump announced the meeting a week beforehand - the same day as his deadline for Russia to agree to a ceasefire in Ukraine or face more US sanctions.

Three rounds of talks between Russia and Ukraine held at Trump's behest this summer have yet to bring the two sides any closer to peace.

Here is what we know about the meeting between the two leaders, taking place in Alaska - which was once Russian territory - in Anchorage.

Why are they meeting in Alaska?

The US purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867, lending a historical resonance to the meeting. It became a US state in 1959.

Russian presidential assistant Yuri Ushakov pointed out that the two countries are neighbours, with only the Bering Strait separating them.

"It seems quite logical for our delegation simply to fly over the Bering Strait and for such an important and anticipated summit of the leaders of the two countries to be held in Alaska," Ushakov said.

The last time Alaska took centre-stage in an American diplomatic event was in March 2021, when Joe Biden's newly minted diplomatic and national security team met their Chinese counterparts in Anchorage.

The sit-down turned acrimonious, with the Chinese accusing the Americans of "condescension and hypocrisy".

Where in Alaska will Trump and Putin meet?

The meeting will be in Anchorage, the White House confirmed on Tuesday.

When announcing the bilateral, Trump said the location would be "a very popular one for a number of reasons", without disclosing it would be in the state's largest city.

The pair will be hosted at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, the largest military installation in Alaska. The 64,000 acre base is a key US site for Arctic military readiness.

Map showing Alaska, Canada, and Russia with the Bering Sea in between. Anchorage is marked in southern Alaska. The map highlights how Alaska and Russia are geographically close, separated by only a narrow stretch of water. An inset globe in the top left shows the region’s location in the northern Pacific

Why are Putin and Trump meeting?

Trump has been pushing hard - without much success - to end the war in Ukraine.

As a presidential candidate, he pledged that he could end the war within 24 hours of taking office. He has also repeatedly argued that the war "never would have happened" if he had been president at the time of Russia's invasion in 2022.

Last month, Trump told the BBC that he was "disappointed" by Putin.

Frustrations grew and Trump set an 8 August deadline for Putin to agree to an immediate ceasefire or face more severe US sanctions.

As the deadline hit, Trump instead announced he and Putin would meet in person on 15 August.

The meeting comes after US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff held "highly productive" talks with Putin in Moscow on Wednesday, according to Trump.

Ahead of the meeting, the White House sought to play down speculation that the bilateral could yield a ceasefire.

"This is a listening exercise for the president," said White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt. She added that Trump may travel to Russia following the Alaska trip.

Speaking to reporters on Monday, Trump said he viewed the summit as a "feel-out meeting" aimed at urging Putin to end the war.

Is Ukraine attending?

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is not expected to attend. Trump said on Monday: "I would say he could go, but he's been to a lot of meetings."

Trump did, however, say that Zelensky would be the first person he would call afterwards.

A White House official later said that Trump and Zelensky would meet virtually on Wednesday, ahead of the US president's summit with Putin. The Zelensky meeting will be joined by several European leaders.

Putin had requested that Zelensky be excluded, although the White House has previously said that Trump was willing to hold a trilateral in which all three leaders were present.

Zelensky has said any agreements without input from Ukraine would amount to "dead decisions".

What do both sides hope to get out of it?

While both Russia and Ukraine have long said that they want the war to end, both countries want things that the other harshly opposes.

Trump said on Monday he was "going to try to get some of that [Russian-occupied] territory back for Ukraine". But he also warned that there might have to be "some swapping, changes in land".

Ukraine, however, has been adamant that it will not accept Russian control of regions that Moscow has seized, including Crimea.

Zelensky pushed back this week against any idea of "swapping" territories.

"We will not reward Russia for what it has perpetrated," the Ukrainian president said.

Watch: 'We're going to change the battle lines' Trump on the war in Ukraine

Meanwhile, Putin has not budged from his territorial demands, Ukraine's neutrality and the future size of its army.

Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, in part, over Putin's belief the Western defensive alliance, Nato, was using the neighbouring country to gain a foothold to bring its troops closer to Russia's borders.

Map showing which areas of Ukraine are under Russian military control or limited Russian control. A large section of the map, including Crimea and Donetsk are coloured in red to show that the areas are fully under Russian military control.

The Trump administration has been attempting to sway European leaders on a ceasefire deal that would hand over swathes of Ukrainian territory to Russia, the BBC's US partner CBS News has reported.

The agreement would allow Russia to keep control of the Crimean peninsula, and take the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, which is made up of Donetsk and Luhansk, according to sources familiar with the talks.

Russia illegally occupied Crimea in 2014 and its forces control the majority of the Donbas region.

Under the deal, Russia would have to give up the Ukrainian regions of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia, where it currently has some military control.

Speaking to Fox News, US Vice-President JD Vance said any future deal was "not going to make anybody super happy".

"You've got to make peace here… you can't finger point," he said.

"The way to peace is to have a decisive leader to sit down and force people to come together."

Inside Australia's billion-dollar bid to take on China's rare earth dominance

13 August 2025 at 06:05
Bloomberg via Getty Images NdFeB alloy strip at the Australia Strategic Materials Ltd.'s Korean Metals Plant, in the Ochang Foreign Investment Zone, in Cheongju, South KoreaBloomberg via Getty Images
Rare earths are essential in the production of alloys for magnets

Drive three hours north of Perth, and you'll arrive in Eneabba.

This is Western Australia mining territory - the landscape is barren and desolate, just the odd hill in the distance.

Buried in this vast terrain is a massive pit, full of what looks like mounds of worthless dirt.

But appearances can be deceiving: in fact, this pit is home to a million tonne stockpile containing critical minerals, and Australia's bet on the future.

Earlier this year, carmakers and other manufacturers around the world rushed to their war rooms, alarmed that China's tight export controls on rare earth magnets – crucial for making electric vehicles, wind turbines and defence equipment – could cripple production.

Ford was forced to halt production of its popular Explorer SUV for a week at one of its Chicago plants - a bold move for a major automaker already grappling with pressure from Trump's tariffs.

A month later, CEO Jim Farley revealed the pause was triggered by a shortage of rare earths, admitting the company was still struggling to secure reliable supply of the critical minerals.

"It's day to day," Mr Farley told Bloomberg TV.

Beijing has since agreed to let rare earths minerals and magnets flow to the United States, which eased the disruption.

But without a trade deal between the US and China, the fear is that the rare earths bottleneck could return, creating a massive supply chain shock.

It's triggered a realisation amongst policymakers and manufacturers everywhere: Beijing's control of rare earths has the world in a chokehold.

"The West dropped the ball – that's the reality. And China was in for the long run – it saw the benefit and was willing to invest in it," says Jacques Eksteen, chair for extractive metallurgy at Curtin University.

Why rare earths matter

The phrase "rare earths" - referring to 17 elements on the periodic table which are lightweight, super strong and resistant to heat, making them useful in small electric motors - is something of a misnomer.

"Rare earths are not rare or scarce. Gold is scarce, but it's not a critical material," Professor Eksteen explains.

Rare earths are critical, however. Take the average electric vehicle – there might be rare earths-based motors in dozens of components from side mirrors and speakers to windshield wipers and breaking sensors.

The problem is therefore not amount, but the fact "somewhere in the supply chain you've got one or maybe a few countries controlling that bottleneck", Professor Eksteen adds.

In the 90s, Europe and France in particular had a prominent rare earths industry. Today, almost all these minerals come from China, which has spent decades mining and refining at scale.

China now accounts for more than half of global rare earth mining, and almost 90% of processing.

The US sources 80% of its rare earth imports from China, while the European Union relies on China for about 98% of its supply.

"China has since very deliberately and overtly sought to control the market for the purposes of supporting their downstream manufacturing and defence industries," says Dan McGrath, head of rare earths for Iluka Resources, in between driving us around the company's vast Eneabba site.

But Mr McGrath, and Iluka, are hoping to make a dent in that control - even if it wasn't necessarily in the company's original plan.

Iluka Resources stockpile can be seen from above. It looks like piles of sand in what appears to be a rocky desert.
Iluka's 1mn tonne stockpile is worth more than $650m

For decades, Iluka has been mining zircon in Australia - a key ingredient in ceramics, and titanium dioxide used in the pigmentation of paint, plastics and paper.

It just so happens the byproducts of these mineral sands include dysprosium and terbium - some of the most sought-after rare earths.

Over the years, Iluka has built up the stockpile, and is now worth more than $650m (£440m).

This was the easy part, however. The processing or refining is another matter altogether.

"They're chemically very similar so to try and separate them requires a huge number of stages," Professor Eksteen explained.

"Also, you've got residues and wastes that you have to deal with out of this industry, and that's problematic. They often produce radioactive materials. It comes at a cost."

And that is one of the reasons why the Australian government is loaning Iluka A$1.65bn ($1bn; £798m) to build a refinery to meet demand for rare earths which Iluka sees growing by 50-170% by the end of the decade.

"We expect to be able to supply a significant proportion of Western demand for rare earths by 2030. Our customers recognise that having an independent, secure and sustainable supply chain outside of China is fundamental for the continuity of their business," says Mr McGrath.

"This refinery and Iluka's commitment to the rare earth business is an alternative to China."

Australia's Resources Minister Madeleine King stands in a barren landscape. There are clouds in a blue sky. She wears and blue shirt with pink edging, and glasses.
The Australian government see investment in rare earths as a strategic decision

But the refinery will take another two years to build and come online.

"Without the strategic partnership we have with the Australian government, a rare earths project would not be economically viable," Mr McGrath says.

A strategic necessity

China's recent willingness to turn supply of rare earths on and off has spurred trading partners to diversify their suppliers.

Iluka says because automakers for example plan their production years in advance, it is already fielding requests for when its refinery does come online.

Rare earths are critical to the green transition, electric vehicles, and defence technologies – making their control a pressing national priority.

"The open international market in critical minerals and rare earths is a mirage. It doesn't exist. And the reason it doesn't exist is because there is one supplier of these materials and they have the wherewithal to change where the market goes, whether that be in pricing or supply," Australia's resources minister Madeleine King says.

Canberra sees government intervention as necessary to provide an alternative supply, and help the world rely less on China.

"We can either sit back and do nothing about that... or we can step up to take on the responsibility to develop a rare earths industry here that competes with that market," Ms King adds.

But there is something that Australia will have to contend with as it invests and works to expand a rare earths industry – pollution.

Getty Images Labourers work at the site of a rare earth metals mine at Nancheng county, Jiangxi provinceGetty Images
Critics say China's environmental protections and regulations are weak

In China, environmental damage from years of processing rare earths has led to chemicals and radioactive waste seeping into waterways - cities and people bearing the scars of decades of poor regulation.

With rare earths, it's not so much about the mining footprint, rather the processing that is a dirty business – because it involves extraction, leaching, thermal cracking and refining which produce radioactive components.

"I think there is no metal industry that is completely clean... unfortunately, it's a matter of picking your poison sometimes," Professor Eksteen says.

"In Australia, we've got mechanisms to handle that. We've got a legal environment and a framework to work with that to at least deal with it responsibly."

The EU has in the past accused China of using a "quasi monopoly" on rare earths as a bargaining chip, weaponising it to undermine competitors in key industries.

The bloc - which is home to hundreds of auto manufacturers that so desperately need rare earths - said even if China has loosened restrictions on supplies, the threat of supply chain shocks remains.

Even if building a brand new industry will take time, Australia seems to have a lot going for it in the rare earths race, as it tries to be a more reliable and cleaner source.

And one that - crucially - is independent of China.

Additional reporting by Jaltson Akkanath Chummar

Jimmy Fallon Isn’t Optimistic About the Trump-Putin ‘Listening Exercise’

13 August 2025 at 14:35
That’s how the White House described the upcoming Alaska talks. Fallon said “listening and exercise are Trump’s two favorite things, so this should go well.”

港法庭认可被控侮辱国歌男学生为正面青年人 押后判刑

13 August 2025 at 18:00

去年香港世界杯亚洲区外围赛期间,一名香港男学生在国歌播放期间转身背对球场,被指控侮辱国歌罪成。案件原定于星期三(8月13日)宣判,但法庭接纳被告过往多方面为正面的年青人,考虑后押后宣判。

据香港《明报》、香港01报道,19岁的被告刘本晞被控去年6月6日在香港大球场公开及故意侮辱国歌。裁判官林子康早前裁决称,被告在中国国歌奏唱前故意转身,维持姿态、低头和垂下双手,以表不满或不屑,行为贬损国家尊严。

香港裁判官7月30日裁定罪名成立,但裁判官星期三称基于背景报告,法庭接纳被告过往在多方面都是“正面的年青人”,经再三考虑后,认为需要兼顾刑罚的阻吓与被告的更生,押后案件至8月27日判刑,为被告索取感化与社会服务令报告。

辩方也强调,被告的重犯机会极低,此定罪本身已有一定的阻吓性,控罪中心是侮辱国歌,间接侮辱国家,服务社会是服务国家,是抚平其犯罪行为的好方法,望法庭可考虑为被告索取社会服务令报告。

辩方提出,虽然被告就读政治与行政学,但其兴趣在于环保。被告的父母也不相信他会想透过此表达政治理念。被告在事发时刚与初恋恋人分手三个月,故当时可能冲动及不理性。辩方相信若索取社会服务令报告,内容也会非常正面。

台股收涨0.9% 逼近历史高位

13 August 2025 at 17:24

在人工智能强劲需求及主要晶片制造商获部分美国关税豁免的提振下,台湾股市星期三(8月13日)逼近历史高位。

根据彭博社报道,台湾加权指数星期三上涨0.9%,逼近2024年7月创下的收盘纪录。该指数盘中一度高出纪录水平。

受全球最大代工晶片制造商台积电推动,台湾加权指数自4月低点以来已大涨40%。

台股涨势8月初进一步加快,台湾政府说,包括台积电在内的部分公司被豁免特朗普政府宣布对晶片征收的100%关税。

台积电上月公布的第二季度净利润好于预期,并且上调2025年营收展望,进一步鼓舞了投资者对人工智能前景的信心。

澳洲富邑葡萄酒中国市场利润上涨 警告中国饮酒习惯转变

13 August 2025 at 17:11

中国取消对澳大利亚葡萄酒关税后,中国市场需求反弹。澳大利亚标志性葡萄酒品牌“奔富”(Penfolds)母公司富邑葡萄酒集团(Treasury Wine Estates )截至6月底全年利润上升,但同时也警告,中国饮酒习惯正发生变化。

根据彭博社报道,公司在截至6月的财年中,盈利增长17%,达到7.7亿澳元(亿新元),大致符合市场预期。受业绩消息及公司宣布回购2亿澳元股份影响,公司股价星期三(8月13日)一度上涨5.6%。

不过,富邑集团也对中国饮酒习惯的变化作出警告称,消费者正从大型宴会转向规模更小、更私密的聚会,这一变化可能会影响其在中国这一最大市场之一的未来销售。

报道引述澳大利亚葡萄酒管理局一份报告显示,北京决定取消对澳大利亚葡萄酒出口的高额关税后,最初曾引发出口激增,但截至6月的这一季度,对中国的出口额较上年同期有所下降。

中澳贸易此前因两国关系紧张而陷入低谷。自澳洲现任总理阿尔巴尼斯2022年上台后,中澳关系开始缓和,北京也陆续取消进口限制,并于去年3月取消了对葡萄酒的惩罚性关税。

“杨柳”登陆台东 料为今年登陆中国最强台风

13 August 2025 at 17:02

台湾气象署表示,台风“杨柳”星期三(8月13日)下午1时前后登陆台东县太麻里乡,给花莲、台东带来剧烈暴风雨,嘉义以南也出现暴雨以上等级降雨。中国大陆气象局同日表示,“杨柳”可能成为今年以来登陆中国的最强台风,二次登陆后将深入内陆,给南方多个省份带来较强降水。

据联合新闻网、新华社、中新社等报道,台湾气象署星期三持续发布“杨柳”海上陆上台风警报,并指台风逐渐往西移动后,降雨区域也会由东往西扩展,估计星期三下半天会是最大降雨时段,东半部、嘉义以南地区会有暴雨等级降雨。

台湾本岛降雨星期三晚间起会逐渐减少,澎湖、金门等地至星期四(14日)清晨仍有局部性大雨或暴雨。

受“杨柳”影响,台铁星期三傍晚6时前西部干线部分花东线、南回线新左营至台东,以及观光列车停驶;立荣航空、华信航空、德安航空的航班全部取消,国际线个别航班因台风取消或延后。云林、嘉义、台南、高雄、屏东、花莲、台东、澎湖等县市星期三已宣布停班停课。

大陆中央气象台监测指出,从常年来看,登陆台湾的台湾强度往往较强。统计发现,1949年至2024年期间登陆台湾的台风中,达到台风级(台风中心附近最大风速达到12至13级,或阵风13级及以上)以上强度的共有91个,占总数的68.9%,其中有15个超强台风。今年第11号台风“杨柳”也是个“狠角色”。

大陆中央气象台也指出,“杨柳”预计星期三下午进入台湾海峡,夜间至星期四凌晨在福建厦门到广东汕头一带沿海登陆,之后继续向西偏北方向移动,强度逐渐减弱。

大陆中央气象台首席预报员吕心艳表示,不排除“杨柳”以较强的强度登陆,有可能成为今年以来登陆中国大陆的最强台风,但还存在一定不确定性。

受“杨柳”影响,大陆华南、西南等地将出现明显风雨。星期三下午至星期四中午,广东中东部、福建东部和南部、江西南部、湖南东南部、台湾大部份地区有大到暴雨。其中,福建南部、广东东部和北部、江西南部、台湾东部和南部等地有大暴雨,广东东部和福建东南部局地有暴雨。

大陆中央气象台指出,“杨柳”登陆后将持续深入影响广东、广西、江西南部、湖南中南部、贵州、重庆南部等地,当地民众需密切关注临近预报预警信息,提前做好台风防御准备,加强防范城乡涝、山洪、山体滑坡、土石流等各类次生灾害。

吕心艳称,前期南方降水比较频繁,持续的降水使土壤的水分饱和度较高,此次要特别关注杨柳带来的强降水,与前期多次降水所形成的叠加效应,容易引发山洪、泥石流、中小河流洪水,以及城乡积涝等次生灾害。

大陆中央气象台首席预报员张玲则指出,台风一旦在台湾登陆,其核心结构就会受到严重破坏,登陆大陆时强度会明显衰减。

另一方面,大陆东海大部分、台湾以东洋面、南中国海东北部、巴士海峡、台湾海峡北部、台湾本岛北部及沿海、福建北部沿海、广东中东部沿海将有六至八级大风。台湾本岛南部及沿海、福建中南部沿海、台湾海峡中南部海域风力可达九至10级;台风中心经过的附近海域和地区风力有11至12级,阵风13至14级。

加拿大油菜籽被征保证金 中国菜籽粕价格创两年来最大涨幅

13 August 2025 at 16:59

中国决定向加拿大油菜籽征收保证金后,受供应担忧影响,中国菜籽粕价格创两年来最大涨幅。

根据彭博社报道,在郑州商品交易所,最活跃的菜籽粕期货合约一度飙升6.4%,为2023年7月以来最大单日盘中涨幅。

油菜籽榨出菜籽油后,剩下菜籽粕,主要作用为饲料和农业等用途。

此次价格飙升前,全球最大油菜籽买家中国宣布将自8月14日起对加拿大加征75.8%的保证金作为临时反倾销措施。

今年3月,北京已对加拿大的菜籽油和菜籽粕加征100%的关税,以回应加拿大对中国电动汽车、钢铁和铝产品征税。

中国期货公司在一份报告中说,这一举措可能迫使进口商取消部分来自加拿大的船货,从而进一步收紧供应。

该券商星期二晚称,尽管加拿大的油菜籽可以由中东和俄罗斯的供应替代,但菜籽粕却很难找到替代来源。

Pakistan Is in Trump’s Good Graces, but for How Long?

13 August 2025 at 17:41
President Trump hosted the South Asian nation’s army chief and seeks deals on critical minerals and crypto. But Pakistan is also tightening its military partnership with China.

© Arif Ali/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

A poster of Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir, Pakistan’s army chief, in Lahore.

泽连斯基在柏林参加与特朗普和欧洲领导人的在线会议:防止俄罗斯的欺骗

13 August 2025 at 18:45
13/08/2025 - 12:40

乌克兰总统泽连斯基(Volodymyr Zelenskyy)周三抵达柏林,参加由德国主办的与美国总统特朗普和欧洲领导人的线上会晤。两天后,特朗普将在阿拉斯加会见俄罗斯总统普京。在即将举行的自2021年以来的首次美俄峰会前,欧洲领导人正试图向特朗普强调出卖乌克兰利益的危险。

特朗普此前表示,阿拉斯加会谈将是一次“试探性”会议,他正寻求莫斯科对其发动的乌克兰战争的停火。特朗普上周曾表示,任何协议都将涉及“一些领土交换”,此举令基辅和欧洲盟国感到震惊。

东道主表示,泽连斯基将与德国总理默茨会面,然后于当地时间周三下午2点与德国、芬兰、法国、英国、意大利、波兰和欧盟领导人举行视频会议。北约秘书长吕特也将出席会议。特朗普和其副手、美国副总统万斯将于下午3点加入这一在线会议。

美俄周五的阿拉斯加峰会的不可预测性加剧了欧洲人的担忧,他们担心特朗普和普京可能会作出超出其所获授权和能力范围的深远决定,甚至试图胁迫乌方达成一项对其不利的协议。

一位东欧高级官员在受访时说:“我们现在的重点是确保这种情况不会发生——与美国伙伴接触,并保持欧洲方面的协调与团结。距离周五还有很长的时间”。

欧洲领导人担心激怒特朗普,多次表示欢迎他的努力,同时强调,如果没有乌克兰的参与,就不应该达成任何关于乌克兰的协议——俄罗斯占领了乌克兰近五分之一的领土。

特朗普政府周二降低了人们对俄乌停火取得重大进展的预期,称与普京在阿拉斯加的会晤是一次“倾听练习”。

特朗普上周同意与普京举行峰会,这是他数周来对普京抵制美国和平倡议表示不满后的一个突然转变。特朗普宣称,他的特使威特科夫在莫斯科会谈中取得了“重大进展”。

六名欧洲高级官员告诉路透社,他们认为达成的协议可能不利于欧洲和乌克兰的安全。这些欧洲官员指出,如果发生这种情况,欧洲国家的团结将至关重要。

白宫新闻秘书莱维特(Karoline Leavitt)周二告诉记者称,此次峰会将是特朗普的一次“倾听练习”,了解达成协议需要哪些条件。与特朗普会晤后,由致力于制定在停火情况下支持乌克兰计划的国家组成的“自愿联盟”也将在线召开会议。

泽连斯基周三通过社媒平台X写道:“过去几天,我们与合作伙伴进行了三十多次对话和磋商。来自世界各地,观点各异,但立场一致。这场战争必须结束。为了实现公正的和平,必须对俄罗斯施加压力。我们必须借鉴乌克兰和我们合作伙伴的经验,防止俄罗斯欺骗我们”。

泽连斯基补充道,“目前,没有迹象表明俄罗斯准备结束这场战争。我们——乌克兰、美国、欧洲以及所有寻求和平的国家——的协调努力和联合行动,一定能够迫使俄罗斯走向和平。我感谢所有提供帮助的人”。

Survival rates for most deadly cancers making little progress, experts warn

13 August 2025 at 08:53
Getty Images Cancer patientGetty Images

The number of people surviving cancer has improved hugely in the past 50 years, but experts warn progress has been uneven with some of the cancers with the worst survival rates falling further behind.

For some, including melanoma skin cancer, 10-year survival is now above 90%, while for all cancers, half of patients can expect to live that long - double the figure in the early 1970s.

But a study by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine said there had been little improvement in those affecting the oesophagus, stomach and lungs - and less than 5% survive pancreatic cancer for 10 years.

The government said it was committed to making more progress with a new strategy due soon.

The researchers said advances in treatment and earlier detection were behind the improvements in survival seen for many cancers.

Breast cancer is a perfect example of this, with 10-year survival rates rising from 42% to more than 76% between 1971 and 2018 in England and Wales.

The period saw the introduction of an NHS breast screening programme, plus targeted therapies for different types of breast cancer.

In comparison, the cancers with the lowest survival rates tend to be the hardest to detect and have the fewest treatment options.

Alongside pancreatic cancer, the study says these include oesophagus, stomach and lung cancers, which all still have 10-year survival rates below 20%, after only a small amount of progress since the 1970s.

This has meant the gap between the cancers with the best and worst survival rates has nearly doubled.

'Amazing job'

Matt Black is someone with first-hand experience of how the type of cancer you get makes a huge difference.

In 2019 the 60-year-old lost his sister, Harriette, to pancreatic cancer, 20 years after his father-in-law died of oesophageal cancer.

Five years ago he was diagnosed with bowel cancer which has above average survival rates. Soon after developing symptoms he had surgery and was given the all-clear.

"NHS staff do an amazing job, but it's such a difficult time to be a cancer patient, especially for those with cancers which aren't easy to spot or treat.

"It's so important that there is more research and support for cancer services here, so that more people can be as fortunate as me," says Matt.

The researchers also warned that, while overall survival was still improving, the rate of progress had slowed during the 2010s. Longer waits for diagnosis and treatment are thought to be partly to blame.

Michelle Mitchell, chief executive of Cancer Research UK, which funded the study, said: "Thanks to research, most patients today are far more likely to survive cancer than at any other point in the past.

"But the reality is that this progress is slowing – and for some cancers it never got going in the first place."

The charity wants the government's forthcoming strategy to focus on:

  • cutting waiting times
  • early detection, including full introduction of a lung cancer screening programme
  • investment in research, particularly targeting the most deadly cancers

A Department of Health and Social Care spokesman said cancer care was a priority. with some progress already made on waiting times.

"The national cancer plan will set out how we will improve survival rates further and address the unacceptable variation between different cancer types," he added.

Mortgage rates below 5% for first time since Truss budget

13 August 2025 at 17:41
Getty Images Homebuyers look at an estate agents window display - stock shotGetty Images

The average two-year mortgage rate has dipped below 5% for the first time since former Prime Minister Liz Truss's mini-budget in September 2022, figures show.

The rate has dropped to 4.99%, according to Moneyfacts, which described it as a "symbolic turning point" for homebuyers and shows lenders are "competing more aggressively".

Interest rates have been cut five times since last August but at the Bank of England's last meeting, a split vote between policymakers raised questions about whether there would be another reduction this year.

A Moneyfacts spokesperson said that although mortgages are following the "mood music" set by the Bank's rate cuts, they are unlikely to fall at the same pace.

Model with Down's syndrome to make Strictly history

13 August 2025 at 16:00
BBC Harry Aikines-Aryeetey wearing a Great Britain vest BBC
Aikines-Aryeetey took part in last year's Strictly Come Dancing Christmas Special

Gladiators star and Olympic sprinter Harry Aikines-Aryeetey is the first celebrity contestant to be announced for the Strictly Come Dancing 2025 line-up.

Aikines-Aryeetey, known as Nitro to Gladiators fans, appeared on the BBC's Newsround on Monday to announce he will be joining the dancing show.

"I'm so excited to be part of the Strictly family this series and I'm ready to give it all I've got," he said.

Strictly Come Dancing airs on BBC One and iPlayer from September through to December.

Aikines-Aryeetey is a former Team GB sprinter and was the first athlete to win gold medals at both 100 and 200 metres at the World Youth Championships.

In 2005, aged 17, he was won the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year award.

He has competed at two Olympic Games and is a three-time European champion and two-time Commonwealth champion.

In 2023, he was unveiled as Nitro in Gladiators, and took part in last year's Strictly Come Dancing Christmas Special partnered with Nancy Xu.

Aikines-Aryeetey said the Christmas Special "was so nice I just had to do it twice".

On Monday, he appeared live in the Newsround studio disguised as "world-famous choreographer Nicky Trott", there to talk about a scientific study into the benefits of dancing every day.

He then revealed his real identity and told viewers how excited he was to be joining the dancing competition.

"I'll be bringing tons of energy to light up the dance floor," he said. "Let's hope I'm as quick picking up the routines as I am on the track."

The next three celebrity contestants joining the new series of Strictly will be announced on The One Show on Monday evening.

Two new professional dancers are also joining the line-up this year - Alexis Warr, who won US dance series So You Think You Can Dance in 2022, and Australian-born Julian Caillon, who has appeared as a professional dancer on three seasons of Australia's Dancing With The Stars.

The show, which has been airing since 2004, has faced multiple controversies over the past year relating to the behaviour of some of its professional dancers and celebrity guests.

Professional dancers Giovanni Pernice and Graziano Di Prima left the show last year following allegations about their behaviour towards their dance partners.

The BBC announced new welfare measures for Strictly last July. These include having chaperones in all rehearsal rooms, adding two new welfare producers and providing additional training for the professional dancers, production team and crew.

Free bus pass pilot could help get under-22s to work, say MPs

13 August 2025 at 07:01
Getty Images A young woman with her hair tied back sitting sideways on a bus looking down at her smartphoneGetty Images

Under-22s in England should be given free bus passes to help them get into work and education, according to major a report by MPs.

The number of bus journeys taken in England has dropped in recent years, while fares have risen faster than inflation, it said.

This was a barrier to opportunity and growth in some areas, MPs found, recommending a pilot scheme of free bus travel at any time of day for under-22s.

The Department for Transport said it was providing "£1bn in multi-year funding to improve the reliability and frequency of bus services across the country".

Since January 2022, everyone in Scotland aged between five and 22 has been entitled to free bus travel.

In England, the number of bus passenger journeys had dropped from 4.6 billion in 2009 to 3.6 billion in 2024, the report by the Transport Committee said.

Some smaller towns and rural areas have no bus services at all, or buses that run so infrequently that "they do not meaningfully add to people's transport options", it said.

A 2019 study found that some 57% of jobseekers lived in areas where they could not reach a centre of employment within 45 minutes by bus.

"High bus fares and limited local provision can severely restrict young people's access to education, employment, and other opportunities," the report said.

'We rely on public transport'

Alex Mustafa Student Alex Mustafa smiles on the street while holding a toy pigeon. She has short purple hair and is wearing lots of beaded bracelets.Alex Mustafa

Alex Mustafa, 19, says she uses the bus all the time as she can't drive due to health and financial reasons and would benefit from a free bus pass.

"It would also help poorer young people like myself who rely on public transport to better plan for social connections without needing to worry about bus cost on top of how expensive it is to go out as it is," she said.

Alex says she has been left waiting for a bus for over an hour before and has been late to work and missed social events due to cancelled buses.

"It's very difficult to live life according to plan when you have to plan around an unreliable schedule. Trains are sometimes better, but they also come with a higher cost and they're more limiting with location," she said.

Roman Dibden, chief executive of youth charity Rise Up, said it sees young people turn down job interviews and training all the time because they can't afford the bus fare.

"Free bus passes for under-22s would remove a huge barrier, opening up access to jobs, apprenticeships, and training - especially in communities where opportunity isn't on your doorstep."

'Support people who struggle costs-wise'

Dylan Lewis-Creser Dylan smiles in a selfie on a sunny day while wearing sunflower earrings Dylan Lewis-Creser

Dylan Lewis-Creser, 21, is a student in town planning and also stood as a Green Party candidate for Walkley Ward in the local elections in May 2024.

They told the BBC they use the bus quite a lot to travel around Sheffield as driving is too expensive.

"A free bus pass would mean I could get to and from university and work without paying £10 a week, which adds up significantly as a student on a low budget," they said.

"That cost is amplified when considering changing buses to get to other job opportunities and elsewhere, like hospitals."

Dylan thinks there needs to be more discussion around "making transport accessible, affordable and reliable."

"Part of that would be supporting people who often struggle costs-wise to do that, such as young people," they said.

"We've seen how it's boosted young people using buses in Scotland, and it only makes sense to extend that policy."

Bus passengers spend £39.1 billion in local businesses every year, according to research from KPMG.

But experts told the Transport Committee that the bus sector's contribution to the economy declined by around £8.9 billion between 2011 and 2023.

The report said: "The current deregulated nature of the bus sector can encourage commercial operators to "deprioritise" less profitable routes, often leaving vulnerable communities without a service."

'Social exclusion'

The committee heard that older people were particularly deterred from using the bus if they felt unsafe at bus stops.

The report recommended improvements to bus stops and shelters such as screen showing real-time information.

Jane Bishop is the chief executive of North Norfolk Community Transport, a charity that provides low-cost dial-a-ride services in the local area. She says for some people bus services mean the difference between being able to stay in their homes or having to move into assisted living.

Jane Bishop Five elderly people in a minibus, looking at the camera and smilingJane Bishop
North Norfolk Community Transport helps people get around if they can't drive

"Most of our passengers are older people, but not all," she told the BBC. "A lot of people, we're the only people they see every week."

"They become friends with the other people on their route so it's a great tool for combatting loneliness," Ms Bishop said.

But, she added, "it's a lottery whether there is a community transport in your area".

Fare cap

The cap on bus fares outside London was increased to £3 last year.

The committee said fare caps were most beneficial to people in rural areas, as they tended to take longer journeys or had to use multiple buses for one trip.

But the report was critical of the short-term nature of funding for bus services, saying it has "hampered local authorities' ability to improve services".

"Five-year settlements in other transport sectors like rail and the strategic road network have enabled greater certainty and promoted strategic planning," it said. "Bus services, the most widely used form of public transport, require a similar commitment."

Bus services are devolved in England, meaning they are the responsibility of local authorities. Individual councils could choose to offer concessions to under-22s.

The Local Government Association (LGA) welcomed the committee's recommendation to end "stop-start funding" for buses.

A spokesperson said: "Bus services provide an essential mode of public transport in local communities, relied upon by millions of people.

"More work is needed to attract them back onto buses to ensure services are sustainable for our communities. Stop-start funding risks losing passengers, with patronage difficult to recover if and when money is found."

Steff Aquarone, a Liberal Democrat MP who sits on the Transport Committee, said the report shows the need for "a different model for rural public transport".

He said local councils cannot heavily subsidise bus fares as in other countries, but "if you put buses on at the time people want to travel, going to places they want to go, people will use them".

Additional reporting by Kris Bramwell.

Inside Trump’s D.C. Takeover, and the White House Takes On the Smithsonian

Plus, why that old song suddenly has a new music video.

© Kenny Holston/The New York Times

National Guard troops have started appearing in Washington, where President Trump is also deploying federal agents and commandeering city police as part of what he says is an effort to crack down on crime.

美国据报在可能被非法转运至中国的AI芯片货物中秘密安装了定位追踪器

13 August 2025 at 18:15
13/08/2025 - 12:12

据路透社援引两位直接了解这一此前未经报道的执法手段的知情人士报导称,美国当局已在他们认为极有可能被非法转移到中国的先进芯片的目标货物中秘密安装了定位跟踪装置。

上述知情人士称,这些措施旨在检测人工智能芯片是否被转移到受美国出口限制的目的地,而且只适用于被调查的特定货物。它们显示了美方为执行对中国的芯片出口限制所做的努力,即使特朗普政府已寻求放宽对中国获得美国先进半导体的一些限制。

上述两名匿名知情人士表示,这些追踪器可以帮助立案起诉通过违反美国出口管制而获利的个人和公司。定位追踪器是一种已有几十年历史的调查工具,被美国执法机构用来追踪飞机零部件等受出口限制的产品。一位消息人士称,近年来,定位追踪器已被用于打击半导体的非法转移。

另外五位积极参与人工智能服务器供应链的人士说,他们知道戴尔(Dell)和超微(Super Micro)等制造商的服务器装运中使用了跟踪器,其中包括英伟达(NVIDIA)和超威半导体(AMD)的芯片。这些人士说,跟踪器通常隐藏在服务器货物的包装中。他们不知道是哪一方参与了安装,也不知道是在运输途中的哪个地方安装的。

路透社无法确定追踪器在芯片相关调查中的使用频率,也无法确定美国当局何时开始使用追踪器调查芯片走私。美国从2022年开始限制向中国销售英伟达、超威半导体和其他制造商的先进芯片。

在2024年的一起案件中,两名参与服务器供应链的人士描述说,一批装有英伟达芯片的戴尔服务器既包括装运箱上的大型追踪器,也包括隐藏在包装内——甚至是服务器本身的更小更隐蔽的装置。第三个人说,他们看到过其他芯片经销商从戴尔和超微服务器上拆除追踪器的图片和视频。该人称,一些较大的跟踪器大约有智能手机那么大。

上述消息人士称,负责监督出口管制和执法的美国商务部工业与安全局通常会参与其中,美国国土安全调查署(HSI)和美国联邦调查局(FBI)也可能参与。HSI和FBI均拒绝发表评论。美国商务部没有回应置评请求。中国外交部没有立即发表评论。

超微在一份声明中表示,公司不会披露其“为保护全球业务、合作伙伴和客户而制定的安全措施和政策”。该公司拒绝就美国当局的任何追踪行动发表评论。戴尔表示,“并未获悉美国政府计划在其产品中安装追踪器”。英伟达拒绝置评,超微半导体也未回应置评请求。

今年1月,路透社报导称,美国追踪到有组织的人工智能芯片走私活动,这些芯片经由马来西亚、新加坡和阿联酋等国走私到中国,但目前尚不清楚其中是否涉及追踪设备。

美国执法部门使用追踪器的历史可以追溯到几十年前。路透社查阅的一份法院判决显示,1985年,休斯飞机公司运送了受美国出口管制的设备。判决指出,美国海关总署执行搜查令,在休斯顿机场拦截了这批货物,并安装了追踪设备。

美国出口执法人员有时会在获得行政部门批准后安装追踪器。一位消息人士称,有时他们会获得法官签发的授权使用该设备的搜查令。有了搜查令,在刑事案件中将这些信息用作证据会更容易。

消息人士补充说,如果公司不是调查对象,它们可能会被告知追踪器的存在,并可能同意政府安装追踪器。但这些设备也可能在公司不知情的情况下安装。参与将受出口管制的芯片和服务器货物转运到中国的人士表示,他们知道这些设备的存在。

两位供应链消息人士是基于中国的受美国出口管制芯片的经销商,他们表示,由于嵌入追踪器存在风险,他们会定期检查被转运至中国的人工智能芯片服务器是否装有追踪器。

 一份提交给美国司法部投诉的宣誓书显示,两名中国公民于本月早些时候被控非法向中国运送价值数千万美元的人工智能芯片,并被逮捕。该法庭文件中描述了一名同谋指示另一名同谋检查搭载英伟达芯片的广达(Quanta)H200服务器上的追踪器。

该法庭文件指,这份英文文本是由一名姓名被隐去的同谋发送给其中一名被告杨世伟(Shiwei Yang,音译)的。这名同谋说道:“注意看看上面有没有追踪器,一定要仔细找”,并用脏话骂特朗普政府,指“谁知道他们会做什么”。



中国不再需要特供版高端芯片了?

13 August 2025 at 18:17
德正
2025-08-13T09:57:16.148Z
英伟达CEO黄仁勋:“没有后门”

(德国之声中文网)彭博社周二(8月12日)援引知情人士的消息报道,中国政府当局已向多家企业发出通知,强调国有企业或私营公司在与政府或国家安全相关的工作中,不得使用英伟达这款为中国量身定制、相对落后的H20芯片。

周三,数名知情人士向路透社透露,中国工信部近日约谈了腾讯、字节跳动等多家互联网企业,询问他们采购英伟达H20芯片的原因,并对信息安全风险表示了担忧。消息源强调,企业并没有被要求停止采购H20芯片。

以上报道尚未得到证实。一段时间以来,英伟达芯片有后门风险的话题被人们广泛议论,值得关注的是,微博上央视小号“玉渊潭天”周日(8月10日)发布贴文指出,专业人士表示,“追踪定位”、“远程关闭”等功能从技术上完全可以实现。这篇文章将芯片的这些功能综合如下:

1.许可锁定。如果厂商停止签发新的许可证,芯片则因无法更新而失效。

2. 追踪定位。目标芯片与多个地标服务器交互的响应速度,可以反映其大致位置。

3. 使用监测。内置硬件能够记录芯片状态、训练任务、计算量等关键信息,要求用户验证芯片使用方式,确保开发符合美国的监管要求。

4.使用限制。片上管理机制限制芯片在大型集群计算机和超级计算机中的使用,保护敏感数据访问,只允许芯片运行经过批准的代码或模型。

文章的结论是,“无论从哪个角度讲,H20对于中国来说,都算不上是一款安全的芯片,也算不上一款环保的芯片,更算不上是先进的芯片。当一款芯片,既不环保,也不先进,更不安全时,作为消费者,我们当然可以选择,不买。”

鉴于“玉渊潭天”的主流官媒地位,这篇贴文即便不是在为政策定调或者做注释,其重要性也不言而喻。

宁愿舍弃英伟达H20芯片的主要考量

假设以上工信部的指示确有其事,那么,它最主要的考量是什么?台湾智库科技、民主与社会研究中心(DSET)的海外研究员江旻谚对德国之声分析说,“第一,中方仍想避免本土企业对外国芯片产生依赖,其中尤其担心信息与经济安全。第二,中国想确保国内市场的需求足以喂养华为持续推进本土技术。”

江旻谚还指出,根据目前公开媒体消息,中国工信部并没有完全禁止 H20,而是建议不要使用。因此,他认为中国政府虽然基于上述两个理由希望民间企业不要使用H20,“但是也尚未能断定本土替代产品的产能或是效能是否已经能够完全取代H20的角色。”

英伟达:不能重蹈5G的覆辙

英伟达曾在7月表示,其产品不存在可被远程访问或控制的“后门”,8月初,英伟达发表书面声明,强调他们的产品“没有后门”,“不会掐死开关”,“没有恶意软件”,此前中国网信办曾对该公司H20人工智能芯片的潜在安全风险表示担忧,并因此约谈了英伟达驻华的高层人士。周二,英伟达回应彭博社报道时强调,H20芯片“既不是军事产品,也不用于政府基础设施”。

目前,英伟达被允许在中国销售的是用于AI的H20,该芯片基于该公司较早的Hopper架构平台。2023年拜登政府对先进人工智能芯片实施出口限制后,英伟达研发了所谓的“阉割版”H20芯片专供中国市场。今年4月,特朗普政府下令不准将H20芯片销往中国,直到7月被撤销

对英伟达而言,甚至比市场更重要的是在竞争中成为全球标准,确立行业领头羊的地位。公司发言人对法新社说,“美国不能重蹈5G的覆辙,失去电信领域的领导地位。如果我们加快竞争步伐,美国的人工智能技术体系可以成为全球标准。”

特朗普宣布中美贸易战休战延长90天的同时,他还决定扩大对中国出口高端芯片的范围。总统周一(8月11日)表示,他将允许英伟达在中国销售经过降级处理的下一代高端GPU芯片Blackwel,尽管华盛顿方面深切担忧,中国可能利用美国的人工智能技术大幅提升自己的军事实力。据悉,为中国市场特供的Blackwel的运算能力比正常版本低3至5成,但比Hopper架构平台的H20更快。中国外交部周二对特朗普总统的最新决定只有一句非常平淡的评论:“希望美方以实际行动维护全球产供链稳定畅通”。

特朗普政府在类似的高科技出口中获得好处,比如,英伟达和超微半导体(AMD)同华府达成一项相当罕见的协议,美国政府将从在中国销售的高端芯片中获得15%的营收分成

不在乎被卡脖子了?

中国工信部尚未证实的最新指示无疑是向高端芯片大生意泼去的一盆冷水。周二,英伟达回应这篇报道时强调,H20芯片“既不是军事产品,也不用于政府基础设施”。该报道还提到,该指导意见同样将影响到AMD的人工智能加速器。

那么,中国政府现在为什么不在乎被卡脖子了?

台湾经济安保专家江旻谚认为答案应该反过来看,在给德国之声的采访电邮中,他写道,“中国政府仍相当在乎在关键技术上被卡脖子。正是因为在乎,所以才需要扶持本土芯片技术。”他解释,只有让本土企业避免使用H20,中国“才有机会换来足够的市场需求,让华为等国内厂商有订单、收益,进而再投入本土 AI 芯片研发。”

这些年来,在美国先进AI芯片获取受限的情况下,中国国产的同类产品取得了明显进步。英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋5月曾表示,美国对华AI芯片出口管制是“失败的”,因为它推动中国企业使用本土研发的尖端技术

一名中国半导体行业人士对《财新》称,近年来,中国国产芯片进步很大,许多国产GPU在硬件上甚至超过H20,只不过软件生态不如英伟达完善。目前,华为等国产GPU公司也正在发力软件生态。彭博社报道中的一张图表清晰地显示,H20在算力上并没有优于华为的升腾Ascend910C,但是内存效能则是更为优异。

华为创始人任正非今年6月的一次发言概括了中国芯片产业目前的基本状态,他表示,“我们单芯片还是落后美国一代,我们用数学补物理、非摩尔补摩尔,用群计算补单芯片,在结果上也能达到实用状况。”他特意强调,“芯片问题其实没必要担心,用叠加和集群等方法,计算结果上与最先进水平是相当的。”

DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。

© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。

家居业“大梦一场”,跑得最快的人先倒下

13 August 2025 at 15:30
“家居行业与房地产同频度非常高。”

“当别人紧缩的时候我要扩张。”

2017年开始,居然之家开始进军金融业,手握小额贷、消费金融、第三方支付、跨境支付等六个牌照。

南方周末记者 梅岭

责任编辑:顾策

2025年8月9日,是居然智家(000785.SZ)董事长汪林朋的出殡日。十二天前,居然智家发布公告,宣布其在家中不幸身故,公司股价当日开盘触及跌停。

这是7月以来第二位离世的头部家居公司创始人。7月17日,成立24年的靓家居创始人曾育周离世。次日,该公司全国百家门店集体闭店,公司宣布停止经营。

他们的离世,让李骞倍感唏嘘。他是中国室内装饰协会装修零售工作委员会执行主席,深耕家居行业多年。

李骞还记得,2024年1月自己与曾育周的一次会面中,曾对他说:“我从来没有像今天这样,有一种无力回天的感觉。”

“曾育周是一个很骄傲、乐观的人,因此他的离世我是很意外的。但这个生意对他来讲,已经进入到一种绝境。”李骞对南方周末记者说。

这种高压似乎弥漫在整个家居行业。被市场誉为“北居然、南红星”的红星美凯龙(601828.SH 1528.HK)创始人也在2025年5月被立案调查并实施留置。7月,富森美(002818.SZ)董事长刘兵被留置。

此外,曾被称为“家装第一股”的东易日盛(*ST东易,002713.SZ),在两年累计亏损10亿元后资不抵债,2024年5月深交所对其下发关注函。超半数家居企业2025年上半年亏损,其中红星美凯龙预亏最高达19.2亿元。

这个曾与地产业并肩奔跑的行业,变成了一地鸡毛。

2025年上半年,红星美凯龙预亏最高达19.2亿元。视觉中国|图

“地段,还是地段”

2025年7月19日,佛山市政协委员、佛山市设计联合会会长罗杰在朋友圈发文,悼念曾育周。

“他才53岁,是中国家居行业第一代经销商。”罗杰对南方周末记者说。1998年,26岁的曾育周代理东鹏瓷砖,由此进入建材行业,三年后创办靓家居品牌。

1998年是中国住房制度改革的开端。当年,国务院发布《关于进一步深化城镇住房制度改革加快住房建设的通知》,住房实物分配被取消,实行住房分配货币化。“全面房改”使得房地产建设开发进入快速发展期。

据统计,1998年-2004年商品住宅建设投资额平均年增幅达28.4%。在此前后,包括靓家居在内的多个家居品牌兴起,如车建兴在1994年创办红星美凯龙的前身——红星家具集团有限公司,汪林朋在1999年成立居然之家(2024年12月公司名称从居然之家改为居然智家),刘兵在2000年于成都创立富森美等等。

“家居行业与房地产同频度非常高。”李骞表示。 在他入行二十多年以来,见证了家居行业的重大变化。

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Israel Hasn’t Prosecuted a Single Suspect for the Oct. 7 Attack

13 August 2025 at 18:06
Israel has extensively documented the 2023 Hamas-led assault and is believed to be holding at least 200 Palestinians suspected of involvement. Not one has been charged or put on trial.

© Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York Times

Damage at kibbutz Be’eri, which was a target during the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack, the deadliest in Israel’s history.
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