What to Know About the Fighting in Southern Syria
© Karam Al-Masri/Reuters
© Karam Al-Masri/Reuters
(德國之聲中文網)日本防衛大臣中谷元週二(7月15日)在內閣會議發布防衛白皮書,內文一開頭便提到中國,指中國軍費快速增加、軍事力量「廣泛而快速增強」,在尖閣諸島(中國稱釣魚島)及東海和太平洋各地區的活動日益頻繁。
根據《南華早報》報導,這是日本連續第三年將中國稱為前所未有的「最大戰略挑戰」。
此外,防衛白皮書中也指出,中國在台灣週邊的軍事活動日益加劇、頻繁舉行軍事演習,「中國透過在台灣週邊的一系列活動,試圖讓中國軍隊的常態化活動成為既成事實,同時也試圖提高實戰能力」,並指台海兩岸之間的軍事平衡正在朝著「有利於中國的方向快速發展」。
日本官方評估認為,北京欲藉由「灰色地帶」行動,展開軍事活動來實現統一台灣,引起高度警惕。「一般認為,軍事威懾、封鎖等手段是中國目前針對台灣的主要選項。中國要封鎖台灣時,可能會讓海警打頭陣,在灰色地帶進行封鎖。」
日本多次對可能捲入兩岸衝突表示憂慮。此前,日方宣布將在距離台灣約110公里的與那國島建造防空洞。
隨著北京近年來持續在東亞地區投射軍力,中日之間的緊張關係也持續加劇。週二的報告指出,日本週邊發生的一系列事件,包括去年8月中國軍機侵犯日本領空,「可能嚴重影響日本安全」。
對此,中國外交部發言人林劍週二在例行記者會上回應,稱日本對中國抱持錯誤認知,「無理干涉中國內政,炒作所謂『中國威脅』」林劍也重申北京一。貫說法,稱台灣問題「純屬中國內政」,「如何解決台灣問題是中國人自己的事」。
除了兩岸潛在衝突外,日本防衛白皮書中也提及北韓核武和飛彈發展、俄羅斯在印太的軍事動向,以及中俄戰略合作對東京造成的威脅。
面對當前的國際局勢,該份報告指出,截至今年4月為止,日本已撥款9.9兆日圓,相當於日本國內生產毛額(GDP)的1.8%用於國防開支;2022年,日本宣布了一項五年計劃,欲在2027年將防衛支出提高到2%。
自今年初美國總統川普上任以來,美方不斷呼籲盟友提高國防支出。美國防長赫格塞斯(Peter Hegseth)今年5月就曾要求亞洲盟友效仿西方國家,將國防開支目標定為GDP的5%。
印太國家專注北京軍擴
鑒於解放軍持續在東海、台海及南海等水域擴大行動,中國與週邊國家的關係也更加緊張,尤其與菲律賓在過去幾年以來,多次因南海爭議水域發生衝突。
《華盛頓郵報》14日報導稱,菲律賓近年來悄悄與台灣合作對抗中國,強化與台灣官方及非官方的互動。
一名不具名的菲律賓政府人士透露,菲律賓總統小馬科斯(Ferdinand Marcos Jr)推出減少台菲交流限制的新政策,雙邊的安全合作比公開披露的還「更進一步」。
報導稱,此舉顯示菲方在台灣議題上的態度正發生重大轉變,一旦台海真的爆發衝突,菲律賓作為美國的盟友,可能扮演更積極的角色。
菲律賓防長特奧多羅(Gilbert Teodoro)接受《華郵》採訪時指出:「如果說台灣的安全不會影響到我們,無疑是掩耳盜鈴。」
此外,澳洲與美國自上週日開始也在昆士蘭展開大規模聯合軍演「護身軍刀」(Talisman Sabre),共有來自日本、韓國、印度、英國、法國和加拿大等19個國家、近4萬名士兵參加。
澳洲防長康羅伊(Pat Conroy)受訪時表示,「這19個希望在區域內共同行動的國家、盟友與夥伴會給中國傳達怎樣的訊息,我留給中國自行解讀」,但他強調參與軍演的國家追求的共同願景是「和平、穩定、開放、自由的印太地區」。
與此同時,澳洲總理阿爾巴尼斯(Anthony Albanese)週二(15日)在北京與中國領導人習近平會晤。據彭博社報導,阿爾巴尼斯提及台灣問題時,重申澳洲支持維持現狀,並反對台灣獨立,承認一個中國政策。
阿爾巴尼斯的說法也凸顯了康羅伊此前的表態。《金融時報》上週六(12日)報導稱,美國國防部要求日本和澳洲應針對「中美若因台灣發生戰爭」,兩國將扮演什麼角色表態。當時康羅伊回應稱,「國家主權是澳洲的優先選項」,因此不會事先決定在衝突發生時是否出兵,而是會交由衝突發生時的澳洲政府來決定。
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(本文首发于南方人物周刊)
南方人物周刊特约撰稿 格雷
责任编辑:杨静茹
“陈可:无名包豪斯”展览现场(格雷/图)
艺术家陈可(1978年生于四川)擅长塑造气质独特的女性形象——迷惘惆怅的青春期女孩、自由奔放的女艺术家和好莱坞女演员。她以细腻的笔触和梦幻般的超现实氛围描绘着女性的成长、记忆与自我认知。
2025年5月17日,她的最新个展“陈可:无名包豪斯”在北京UCCA尤伦斯当代艺术中心开幕。展览以2025年的新作《玛丽安与百合No.1》开篇,画面中的玛丽安神秘莫测,层层叠加的几何色块勾勒出轮廓,从左上投下的斑斓光线映照着人物面庞。
现实中的玛丽安·布兰德(Marianne Brandt,1893-1983)是包豪斯学院唯一一位完成金属加工课程的女性,不仅在
校对:赵立宇
It has been more than three years since a British official inadvertently leaked a dataset containing the names and contact details of thousands of people who were attempting to flee possible Taliban revenge attacks.
In April 2024, the government began relocating some of them to the UK - but we are only learning this now because extraordinary lengths were gone to in order to prevent the breach and subsequent response coming to light.
As the full picture is finally disclosed to the public, these are the questions still facing Britain's security establishment.
It has happened before and it will doubtless happen again.
Think Wikileaks, Snowden and all the countless cyber-hacks and ransomware suffered by companies on an almost daily basis.
Data leaks are not new but sometimes – and it is quite possible that this is one of those times – they can be life-threatening.
The revelations that have come to light will have sent a chill down the spine of hundreds, possibly thousands, of Afghans who fear retribution by the Taliban.
For those already spirited out to Britain, it means they can probably never go back home as long as the Taliban are in power.
For the 600 former Afghan government soldiers and their estimated 1,800 dependants still in Afghanistan, the news will mean they are unlikely to breathe easily until the UK delivers on its promise to get them safely out.
It's important to bear in mind that all this was not the result of some deliberate, sophisticated cyber attack by a state-backed hacking group.
It evolved from an unintentional mistake made by just one individual working for the Ministry of Defence.
UK forces were deployed to Afghanistan, alongside US and Nato allies, over a period of almost 20 years, from October 2001 to August 2021.
During this time they worked closely with their Afghan government allies, relying heavily on their local knowledge and expertise.
The most sensitive area was in Special Forces (SF), for whom the Taliban reserved a particular hatred.
When Kabul and the rest of Afghanistan fell to the Taliban in the summer of 202, there was a realisation that those now-former Afghan SF soldiers and their families were a priority for relocation to safety.
But thousands more Afghans also risked their lives to work with the British over those two decades.
Many did it out of patriotism, believing they were working to secure a better Afghanistan.
Some did it for the money, some did it because they trusted Britain to safeguard their lives and their personal details.
A data breach like this now threatens to undermine any future promises by a British official who says: "Trust us, your data is safe with us."
When this "unauthorised data breach" was finally discovered, a full 18 months after it occurred, the UK government obtained what is known as a super-injunction, preventing its publication by the media.
A super-injunction is so draconian that it means you cannot even report the fact that you cannot report it.
That measure has only just been lifted now, following an independent review.
There is a logical case to be made that this measure was necessary to protect the lives of those affected by the data breach.
However, questions are now being raised about whether the injunction - applied for by the previous, Conservative government - might also have been for political purposes.
The High Court judge who lifted the super-injunction, Mr Justice Chamberlain, said that it had "had the effect of completely shutting down the ordinary mechanisms of accountability which operate in a democracy".
US House of Representatives Speaker Mike Johnson has called for the justice department to release all its files on sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, in a split with President Donald Trump, who has sought to draw a line under the matter.
"We should put everything out there and let the people decide," Johnson, an ally of the president, said in an interview.
It came as Trump said Attorney General Pam Bondi should release "whatever she thinks is credible" on Epstein. At the weekend, the president urged supporters not to "waste time and energy" on the controversy.
Bondi is under fire after she said last week there was no evidence Epstein kept a "client list" or was blackmailing powerful figures.
Convicted paedophile Epstein's 2019 death in a US prison while awaiting federal trial was ruled to be a suicide, but many in Trump's Make America Great Again (Maga) movement suspect a cover-up.
Asked about the Epstein files on Tuesday by US conservative commentator Benny Johnson, Speaker Johnson said he was in favour of "transparency".
The Republican congressman from Louisiana added that he trusted President Trump and his team, and that the White House was privy to facts that he did not know.
But he said Bondi "needs to come forward and explain it to everybody".
Trump is facing a rare backlash from his staunchly loyal political base over their theories that details of Epstein's crimes are being withheld in order to protect influential figures, or intelligence agencies.
On Tuesday, he praised his attorney general's handling of the matter, saying: "She's handled it very well, and it's going to be up to her. Whatever she thinks is credible, she should release."
Last week the president vented frustration in the Oval Office about his supporters' fixation on Epstein and implored them to move on.
But other Republican allies of the president are not letting go of the matter.
Georgia congresswoman Marjorie Taylor-Greene told Benny Johnson in a separate interview on Tuesday: "I fully support transparency on this issue."
She praised Bondi's work as attorney general, but said that leaders and elected officials should keep their promises to voters. President Trump had previously pledged to release all details of the Epstein investigation.
Another conservative Republican, Lauren Boebert of Colorado, said if more Epstein files were not released, a special counsel should be appointed to investigate the financier's crimes.
Senator John Kennedy of Louisiana said the voters expect more accountability.
"I think it's perfectly understandable that the American people would like to know who he [Epstein] trafficked those women to and why they weren't prosecuted," Kennedy told NBC News.
But other influential Republicans – including Senator John Thune and congressman Jim Jordan – deferred to President Trump on the matter.
At an unrelated news conference on fentanyl on Tuesday, Bondi brushed aside questions about the controversy.
"Nothing about Epstein," she told reporters. "I'm not going to talk about Epstein."
She said last week's memo by the Department of Justice, jointly released with the FBI, declining to release any further files on Epstein "speaks for itself".
The government's findings were made, according to the memo, after reviewing more than 300 gigabytes of data.
On Tuesday, House Democratic lawmakers tried unsuccessfully to force a vote on releasing Epstein files.
Republicans pointed out the administration of President Joe Biden, a Democrat, also had access to the files, but did not release them.
Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs), who assist doctors in GP surgeries and hospitals, should be known as "assistants" to avoid confusing patients, an independent review says.
The review recommends PAs and AAs wear standardised clothing and badges to distinguish them from doctors, and that they should not diagnose patients.
Health Secretary Wes Streeting announced the review last year, following a heated debate over the roles and responsibilities of the healthcare positions.
The doctor's union, the BMA, says the review should have gone further.
Review author Prof Gillian Leng talked to doctors, patients and the public to collect evidence on the safety and effectiveness of the roles of PAs and AAs.
She said a clear vision "was largely missing" when they were introduced in 2000 and there was no national plan for how the new roles would fit into existing teams, resulting in growing "confusion about the roles' purpose and remit".
"Where capacity was limited in local services, gaps in medical posts were sometimes covered by PAs, without taking into account their more limited training or ensuring that supervisors had the necessary understanding of the roles and the time and skills required to provide appropriate oversight," Prof Leng added.
She also listened to families of relatives who died after being treated by PAs, believing them to be qualified doctors.
Emily Chesterton was told the calf pain she was experiencing in October 2022 was a sprain but it was in fact a blood clot. She died, aged 30, after being seen twice by a physician associate.
Susan Pollitt, 77, was being treated by a PA in hospital two years ago after a pump was left in her stomach for 15 hours longer than it should have been. She died from an infection two days later.
Her daughter Kate says the family have never blamed the PA involved but want more clarity.
"As a family, when you've got someone in hospital, you don't think straight because you're just worried about your relative," she says.
"Even though people are telling you who they are, you're not registering it. So I do think it needs to be made clear, with the uniform and the badges and the name. So we do welcome that," Kate says.
In other cases, patients said they were satisfied after seeing a PA and felt listened to, the review says.
The review recommends physician associates should:
Anaesthesia associates should be renamed "physician assistants in anaesthesia" or PAAs.
In addition, patients should be given clear information about the role of a PA and there should be a faculty to represent PAs and set standards for training.
Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs) were introduced into the NHS in the early 2000s to ease doctors' workload.
As their numbers grew, concerns were raised about the safety of the roles, the lack of clarity around their responsibilities and the impact they had on junior medics' work and training.
PAs are not authorised to prescribe medication but they can order certain scans, take medical histories and conduct physical examinations.
Anaesthesia associates (AAs) support surgery teams and are a much smaller group.
There are now more than 3,000 PAs and AAs in England but the NHS workforce plan envisages that increasing to 12,000 by 2036.
Both PAs and AAs have to complete a two-year postgraduate course. To be eligible they need to have either a science-related undergraduate degree or be a registered healthcare professional already.
The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges said there was a growing campaign against their use, fuelled by unsubstantiated claims on social media. It requested an independent review to set out the jobs they can safely do.
PAs and AAs have been regulated by the General Medical Council, the body which also regulates doctors, since December 2024.
Doctors' training takes many years longer, and anti-social hours and exams are a regular occurrence.
The British Medical Association has said PAs and AAs were being asked to do tasks they were not meant to do and the lines with doctors were getting blurred.
Dr Emma Runswick, from the BMA, says the name change to physician assistants is "positive" but doctors haven't got everything they wanted and more still needs to be done.
"Patients can know who they are seeing, but it does not make the key changes that we are looking for in terms of setting out what they can and cannot do."
"But we would be a fool to say that it wasn't some progress."
Dr Hilary Williams, incoming vice president of the Royal College of Physicians, said the review was "thoughtful" and "thorough", and showed that "reform is urgently needed" to ensure safe teamworking in the NHS.
Israel says it has bombed Syrian government forces around Suweida, as they entered the predominantly Druze city following two days of deadly clashes between Druze militias and Bedouin tribes.
About 100 people have reportedly been killed since the fighting erupted on Sunday.
Syria's defence minister announced a ceasefire in Suweida on Tuesday morning, saying an agreement had been reached with local dignitaries for security forces to deploy there. However, one Druze spiritual leader urged local fighters to resist.
Later, Israel's prime minister said he had ordered strikes on forces and weapons in the Suweida area because the government "intended to use [them] against the Druze".
Benjamin Netanyahu said he was committed to preventing harm to the Druze in Syria because of their deep ties to those living in Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.
This is the first time that Syrian government forces have been deployed to Suweida since Islamist-led rebel forces overthrew President Bashar al-Assad in December.
Minority communities are suspicious of the country's new leaders despite their pledges to protect them, and until now the province of Suweida had remained largely under the control of Druze militias which resisted calls to join the government's forces.
More than 150 farms in England have been caught illegally taking too much water from rivers, lakes and underground sources, a BBC analysis reveals.
Since mid-2022 there have been nearly 200 breaches of permits allowing farmers to use water from local sources, according to Environment Agency data obtained through a freedom of information request.
Of these incidents, 141 threatened environmental damage - but just one farmer has been prosecuted.
The Environment Agency said in response that it carried out 3,000 licence inspections each year, with prosecution a "last option for persistent offenders".
River campaigners said the breaches of so-called abstraction licenses were "the tip of the iceberg" and England's current enforcement system had "no deterrent effect".
The violations date from the beginning of the record-breaking hot spell of 2022, which put pressure on water supply, to this spring, which has been the UK's sixth driest spring since records began in 1836.
The National Farmers' Union (NFU) has been approached for comment by the BBC.
In England, water is abstracted by water companies for public supply, by industry and for use in electricity generation, such as power station cooling.
But agriculture often needs large volumes from local sources for irrigation, particularly for water-intensive crops like potatoes in prolonged dry spells.
Over-abstraction of water, particularly during a drought, can severely impact river levels and adversely affect fish and other wildlife and their habitats as well as intensify pollution levels.
Under the Water Resources Act 1991, the licensing system is in place to control how much water is taken and a licence is needed by anyone taking more than 20,000 litres a day.
The Environment Agency inspects and monitors farms for any licence breach, which can be a prosecutable offence.
Using a request under the Environmental Information Regulations (EIR), BBC News found that, of the 199 breaches committed by 154 farms between 2022 and June this year, 141 incidents were category one, two or three breaches, all classed as having a foreseeable impact on "human health, quality of life or the environment".
But only one farmer was prosecuted and one was given a fine as a civil sanction while 137 were simply given warnings or advice and no action was taken against three.
There are currently 12 ongoing investigations.
Ten farms breached their licences during the first five months of this year.
A further four farms were found to be abstracting water without the necessary licence at all.
The figures come after a report last week by green watchdog The Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) found that some licence-holders would only be inspected once in 20 years and, in 2023/24, 84% of licences were not being inspected.
Dr Justin Neal, from the river campaign group Wildfish, said the number of farm over-abstractors uncovered was "the tip of the iceberg".
"With a minimal risk of being caught and few prosecutions, there is absolutely no deterrent effect.
"That means taking too much water is now an acceptable occupational risk," he explained.
He added that the exemption that allows farmers to take up to 20,000 litres a day without a licence meant no-one could be sure how much water was being abstracted by farms across England.
Wildfish is now calling for more inspections and a new enforcement strategy with less focus on advice and greater use of "suitable sanctions" for those who break the law.
The Environment Agency said it would be improving inspections using technology such as satellite monitoring to detect how much water is being put on fields and crops, and making better use of intelligence to identify the highest risk abstraction.
A spokeswoman for the Agency said that it took its role as a regulator of how the country's water resources are used "extremely seriously".
"If sites are found to breach their abstraction licence, we take an advice-led and proportionate approach with prosecution as a last option for persistent offenders," she added.
Last month, the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) announced the number of farm inspections would increase to 6,000 a year by 2029.
In June, the Environment Agency also published its five-year National Framework for Water Resources, which sets how water companies, farms, businesses and the public should best manage water usage into the future.
It set out plans to make all water abstraction environmentally sustainable, with particularly sensitive areas, such as chalk streams, given greater protection.
It recognised the impact of water shortages on food production but said it would work with farmers to identify how they can become more resilient by sharing water resources and building jointly-owned reservoirs.
© Zowy Voeten/Getty Images
正泰集团聚焦绿色能源、智能电气和智慧低碳等核心业务,不断创造绿色新产品、新业态、新模式,致力于为行业、为社会贡献“正泰力量”。
南方周末中国企业社会责任研究中心
责任编辑:邹力
近年来,全球经济发展的不确定性愈加明显。一方面,世界经济增长动能不足,单边主义、保护主义加剧,多边贸易体制受阻,关税壁垒增多,冲击全球产业链供应链稳定,对国际经济循环造成阻碍;另一方面,人工智能、大数据、物联网等技术的突破正加速重构全球产业链供应链。
在诸多不确定性中,正泰集团股份有限公司(以下简称“正泰”)认为,绿色化、数字化、智能化始终是三大确定性趋势。
2025年1月18日,正泰集团及旗下正泰电气、正泰电器、正泰新能、正泰安能、正泰电源等产业首席可持续发展官共同发布了“正泰集团2030可持续发展战略”。该战略构建了EMPOWER战略模型,设定了包含“气候变化、可持续产品管治、清洁技术机遇”等八大关键行动目标及路径。
这份关于可持续发展的纲领性文件,既彰显了正泰对绿色发展的笃定,也代表了正泰对创造共享价值的探索。
图/正泰集团2030可持续发展战略结构图
作为全球知名的智慧能源系统解决方案提供商,正泰的业务与能源行业的发展与转型紧密相连。
在全球经济绿色转型的背景下,如何通过科技创新提升能源利用效率,创造全新的可持续商业模式,撬动更大范围的低碳转型,是正泰在新时代面临的重大发展课题。
为积极响应国家“双碳”战略,2023年,正泰联合国际咨询公司科尔尼发布了《正泰电器碳中和白皮书》,并向社会公开了“零碳目标”:2028年实现运营碳中和(有碳抵消);2035年实现运营净零碳排放,并建立完善的价值链碳排放管理体系;2050年全价值链实现净零碳排放。
图/正泰电器“零碳宣言”及实现路径
目标既定,正泰的绿色发展步伐逐步加快。从绿色制造、绿色产品到供应链的绿色转型,正泰已经取得了亮眼的成果。
在绿色制造方面,正泰电器坚持绿色发展理念,积极开展产品碳足迹、EPD环境产品声明、零碳工厂、碳中和工厂、绿色供应链等认证,同时荣获“国家级绿色工厂”“绿色设计产品”“绿色供应链”“绿色设计产品示范企业”称号;正泰温州大桥园区、智能工控园区、量测园区、上海诺雅克园区、物联技术五大园区均获得了2024年度组织碳中和及零碳工厂认证双证书,该证书由权威第三方检测认证机构莱茵技术(TÜV Rheinland)颁发。
在绿色产品方面,正泰从产品“全生命周期低碳”角度出发,在产品研发、生产、销售、售后等过程,通过加大可再生能源使用比例、能效管理、技术创新、废弃物再利用、绿色包装使用等措施,不断研发设计低碳环保智能新产品,如“正泰10kV~750kV天然酯绝缘油变压器”。该变压器顺利通过第三方权威机构检测认证,已在澳大利亚、英国、葡萄牙、厄尔多瓜、中国等顺利投入项目使用。据评估,天然酯绝缘油的全生命周期碳排放仅约为矿物油的2%,且可生物降解更加环保。
图/正泰绿色产品应用
除自身践行绿色发展,正泰非常重视供应链的绿色低碳转型。然而,正泰采购品类较多、供应商数量较大、地理范围广,供应商减碳意识及碳管理水平也参差不齐。这迫切需要作为“链主”企业的正泰发挥价值链影响力,对供应商进行赋能。
首先,定目标。正泰为供应商制定了科学的减碳目标,分别是:1)2030年,85%供应商纳入可持续采购管理体系、90%主要供应商通过可持续发展评估与认证、100%主要供应商签署并完成减碳承诺;2)2035年,建立完善的供应商碳排放管理体系;3)2050年,所有供应商实现净零碳排放。
其次,建体系。2024年,正泰电器着手建立供应商绿色低碳评价标准体系,通过对供应商的绿色低碳能力进行系统评估,绘制供应商绿色低碳能力分布地图,直观展示了供应商在绿色低碳管理、产品环保性能、生产工艺优化等方面的能力分布情况。
第三,搭平台。立足以技术赋能供应商减碳,正泰搭建了与主要供应商信息数据实时交互的采购云平台,建立供应商碳数据管理数据库。
第四,强赋能。正泰通过供应商大会、知识培训、现场指导等方式,不断提高供应商绿色意识,提高供应商可再生能源占比,持续赋能供应商可持续能力建设。同时,积极推动供应商开展减碳承诺,推动供应商可持续相关认证。
经济社会发展全面绿色转型是一项系统工程,需要政府部门、商业机构、社会组织、媒体、消费者等各个市场主体的共同参与和相互协作,以实现绿色转型在政策制度、市场机构、技术创新、消费认知等方面的有效衔接,从而激发更大的绿色转型创新活力。
作为绿色低碳发展的“探索者、倡导者和实践者”,正泰用40余年时间完成了从低压电器工厂到全球知名智慧能源系统解决方案提供商的蜕变。面向未来,正泰立足智慧能源系统解决方案提供商这一定位,希望以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生能源领域新产业、新模式、新动能,助力全球能源转型。
正泰聚焦绿色能源、智能电气和智慧低碳等核心业务,以“源网荷储一体化” 为核心抓手,重构了电力和能源生态,形成了“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”系统服务能力,以此撬动更广泛的绿色变革。
表:正泰“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”服务能力
针对电力、工业、交通和建筑这四个碳排放占比最大的行业,正泰已推出几十项行业碳减排解决方案。正泰希望通过帮助客户减少碳排放,成为中国“双碳”战略目标实现的贡献者和推动者。
图:交通行业碳减排路径及正泰解决方案
以正泰光伏路灯数智化建设解决方案为例。该方案结合正泰智慧灯杆技术,发挥正泰在绿色能源、智能电气、智慧低碳城市产业群优势,提供“低碳+智慧+景观亮化”路灯建设创新模式。方案由太阳能电池板组件、200+高光效LED灯具、杆体及造型、蓄电池、物联网控制器,并搭配正泰自研“云端一体”智慧灯杆云平台,可实现实时数据监测和策略调整,保障路灯长期稳定工作,特别适合乡村道路、生态景区、离岸孤岛、荒漠公路等场景使用。2024年,正泰对对义乌城区约4.8万盏路灯进行了节能改造智慧化升级。项目实施后,整体光效提升了20%以上,道路照明均匀度提升了10%以上,极大提升了城市的照明体验。此外,项目可以节约年用电约2051万度(折合标煤约6265吨),年减少当量二氧化碳排放约15413吨。
在赋能行业之外,如何放大能源的综合价值,也是正泰一直在探索的社会责任课题。
正泰是中国最早规模化布局户用光伏产业的企业之一。自2006年进入新能源行业以来,正泰已经构建了包括光伏系统核心产品智能制造、电站开发投资EPC建设、储能及电气系统配套建设、新能源资产运维等在内的绿色产业链,能够为客户提供从产品设计、生产到运维的一站式清洁能源解决方案。
依托产业优势,正泰积极探索“光伏富民”“光伏+”等“锦绣风光”新能源发展模式。
“光伏富民”产业模式。正泰积极响应国家“整县推进”“千乡万村沐光行动”等政策号召,针对农村缺电、农民增收难问题,利用农村空间大、屋顶有效空间等优势,大力发展“光伏富民”产业模式。截至2024年底,正泰户用光伏服务终端用户已突破160万户,每年为农村家庭户均增收1000-3000元,为农村提供就业岗位20万余个,持续助力乡村振兴和零碳乡村建设。
图/正泰“光伏富民”项目
“光伏+”产业发展模式。正泰因地制宜,提供适应需求的创新解决方案,创新发展沙光互补、渔光互补、农林光互补等“光伏+”产业模式,将经济、社会和环境三效益统一融合,构建协同共赢的发展格局。如:将“滩涂围垦地+五水共治”泥浆消纳场建设成高效农业种植基地;以“三产融合,三位一体”发展理念建设华东地区大规模中草药种植基地。
“光伏+”环境治理模式。正泰结合治沙、护林、护坡、治水等生态理念,因地制宜创新推出“光伏+”环境治理模式,从沙光、农光到“海涂改造+渔光互补”项目,正泰将光伏电站建设与生态环境治理有机结合,实现了生态效益与经济效益的双赢。
以古尔班通古特沙漠项目为例。该项目是国家第二批以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区为重点的大型新能源项目之一。正泰新能为古尔班通古特沙漠基地华电135万千瓦新能源项目(木垒25万千瓦光伏部分)供货536536块ASTRO N5系列组件,合计313MW,赋能清洁能源基地建设,并于2025年4月1日全容量并网发电。木垒25万千瓦(交流侧装机)光伏项目年均发电量达4.76亿千瓦时,相当于每年节约标准煤约13.85万吨,减少二氧化碳排放37.95万吨。该项目不仅改善当地能源结构,更通过“光伏+治沙”模式,逐步修复脆弱的生态系统。组件阵列有效降低地表风速,减少水分蒸发,为耐旱植物生长创造条件,实现“板上发电、板下修复”的良性循环。
图/木垒25万千瓦光伏项目
创业40年来,正泰以“让电力能源更安全、绿色、便捷、高效”为使命,不断创造绿色新产品、新业态、新模式,在为产业提供智能制造系统整体解决方案的同时,也实现了自身的可持续增长和社会价值。
正泰实践表明,引领行业绿色变革,不断探索产品、技术、方案研发与创新,持续构建利益共享的发展模式,将可持续发展不断转化为企业基因,以实际业务作为基准,在解决社会痛点问题的基础之上,实现可持续发展与业务的深度结合。正泰的实践为追求可持续增长的企业提供了多重借鉴价值。
战略领航。创业40年来,绿色增长、可持续发展是正泰的基因。在新时代创建世界一流企业的背景下,如何将理念转化为系统的行动,则需要系统的思考和完善的顶层设计。2023年,正泰电器发布“零碳宣言”和《碳中和白皮书》;2024年,正泰正式成立可持续发展委员会和可持续发展办公室,建立涵盖决策层、管理层、执行层的三级可持续发展组织架构;2025年,正泰正式发布“正泰集团2030可持续发展战略”。从目标、组织到战略,正泰不断完善可持续发展顶层设计,引领旗下正泰电器、正泰新能、正泰安能、正泰电源等产业公司的可持续发展实践不断向深向实。
创新为要。正泰积极践行新发展理念,发挥自身在绿色低碳产业布局、技术创新、数字化中后台等方面的优势,通过光伏前沿技术、源网荷储一体化等前沿领域的创新突破,以及人工智能、物联网和大数据等新兴科技的融合应用,全力打造电力能源行业新质生产力,激发绿色可持续增长新动能。正泰电器旗下子公司浙江正泰仪器仪表有限责任公司成功入选“2024年浙江省未来工厂”, 工厂建设围绕数字设计、智能制造、信息赋能、智慧物流、绿色低碳等方向开展,在提升运营效率的基础上,不断为社会提供能够有效减碳的绿色产品和绿色解决方案。
业态筑基。在构建“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”系统服务能力的基础上,正泰形成了集“发电、储电、输电、变电、配电、售电、用电”为一体的全产业链优势。依托数字化、物联网等新兴技术,正泰加强与上下游合作伙伴的互动交流,在全价值链上通力合作,以期实现与合作伙伴共同成长。
践行与贡献是对正泰可持续发展很好的概括,也是对企业与城市共融共赢的很好诠释。时间是可持续的直观呈现,四十多年发展历程,正泰与中国改革创新同频共振,在社会主义核心价值观中凝练企业价值,从宏观经济体制改革中汲取养分,从绿水青山使命中凝练企业责任。过去四十年,正泰既是ESG的践行者,也是受益者。正泰用行动展现了企业最好的ESG内核,那就是:企业治理、产品创新、市场拓展、资本赋能等等企业的可持续发展议题,必须要以服务国家的可持续愿景、城市的可持续发展以及人民的幸福感获得感认同感为中心使命。
2025年,全球可持续发展目标行动(SDGs)第10年,地区发展不平衡加剧,地缘政治等严重影响可持续发展目标实现,全球可持续发展充满挑战。同时,市场经历了从规则响应到行业治理的ESG1.0阶段,迎来了ESG2.0时代,更多的ESG场景需要持续呈现,更多的可持续供应链关系在重新定义和确立。正泰作为行业佼佼者,需要有更大的格局,更高的维度,更远的目光,更强的行动。首先要做ESG企业标杆,从标准到行动,以ESG塑造企业品牌和市场;其次要做行业标杆,带动供应链伙伴共同实现转型升级,“大家好才是真的好”;最后要服务大局,正泰要积极融入国家战略,争取国家项目,承接国家创新平台,为国家和城市发展持续注入更多“正能量”。
——张亚龙
深圳可持续发展研究会执行会长
南方周末中国企业社会责任研究中心智库专家
• 正泰集团股份有限公司始创于1984年,是全球知名的智慧能源系统解决方案提供商。创立四十余年来,正泰深入践行“产业化、科技化、国际化、数字化、平台化”战略举措,形成了“绿色能源、智能电气、智慧低碳”三大板块和“正泰国际、科创孵化”两大平台;业务遍及140多个国家和地区,全球员工5万余名,连续二十余年上榜中国企业 500强。旗下正泰电器为中国首家以低压电器为主营业务的A股上市公司。
校对:赵立宇
© Eric Lee/The New York Times
© Eric Lee/The New York Times
© Qilai Shen for The New York Times
© Cassidy Araiza for The New York Times
School-age children in Australia are vaping less, research suggests, a year after a government ban on disposable vapes came into effect.
Vaping rates among 14 to 17 year olds fell from 17.5% at the start of 2023 to 14.6% in April this year, according to the latest update from Cancer Council Australia's nationwide study Generation Vape.
The survey also found rates for people aged over 15 reduced by more than a third.
Australian Health Minister Mark Butler said vaping rates for young Australians "have now turned the corner", adding that officials have seized more than 10 million illegal vapes in the past year.
"Our education and prevention campaigns as well as support to deter people from taking up vaping and smoking or to quit are making a difference," he said in a statement.
New laws to stop single-use vapes from being made, imported, advertised and supplied in Australia were introduced in July 2024. Nicotine vapes can now only be legally purchased with a prescription at pharmacies. However, a black market for nicotine vapes has been thriving in the country for years.
The UK similarly banned the sale of disposable vapes from June this year.
Vapes are considered safer than normal cigarettes because they do not contain harmful tobacco - but health experts advise that they are not risk-free and the long-term implications of using them are not yet clear.
Australian authorities - like those in the UK - were particularly concerned about the uptake of vapes by youth, with Mr Butler arguing the products were creating a new generation of nicotine addicts.
The latest Generation Vape survey found that 85.4% of young people - from a pool of about 3,000 children aged between 14 to 17 - had never vaped.
Less than a third of those teenagers expressed an interest in vaping, which the Cancer Council says represents a drop in curiosity about the products.
Attitudes towards vaping among school-age children are changing too, the researchers said, pointing to interviews conducted in the study where many current or former vapers said they felt a sense of shame or embarrassment about their vape use.
Though fewer teenagers are reporting that they're able to buy their vapes themselves, however, tobacconists and vape shops remain a key source of vape sales, despite the new laws.
Speaking to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Wednesday, Mr Butler said he is confident the "peak of vaping" is behind Australia.
"I know this is a really, really tough fight and we've got a lot more to do, not just in the area of vaping, but illicit tobacco as well," he said.
Tobacco use remains Australia's leading cause of preventable death - despite some of the strongest anti-smoking laws in the world - and kills more than 24,000 people each year.
(德國之聲中文網)美國將中國界定為未來數十年「最重要的戰略競爭對手,且是唯一有意重塑國際秩序,也有能力做到的國家」,因此不斷拉高對中遏制力道。普丁2022年2月下令侵犯烏克蘭,無疑帶給中國一場及時雨,除了有利北京轉移美國緊盯目光、紓緩遭圍堵的戰略壓力外,更提供中俄抱團結盟,共抗美國的戰略合作空間。
於是針對烏克蘭問題,中國一方面強調「各國主權和領土完整應得到尊重」,並聲稱採取「客觀公正」立場,積極對俄烏雙方「勸和促談」。但另一方面卻加強對普丁政權的政治外交支持,一再重申中俄兩國「患難與共」和「上不封頂」的友好合作關係,並持續向莫斯科提供必要的軍民兩用、科技產品及原物料等援助,同時加大購買俄國原油,以免俄國戰時經濟因遭西方制裁而瀕臨崩潰。
烏國總統澤倫斯基指控中國直接提供武器給俄羅斯,烏國情報單位更聲稱掌握資訊,控訴中國向20家俄羅斯國防製造產業工廠供應物資,並強調俄國無人機80%的關鍵電子元件來自中國,在在顯示北京「表面超然中立、實則援俄抗烏」的表裡不一做法。
俄烏戰事久拖 對北京最有利
根據《南華早報》引據知情人士報導,王毅近日在歐中高階戰略對話直白表示,不希望見到俄羅斯戰敗,擔心屆時美國會重新將注意力轉向中國。王毅此番言論相當率真,罕見與歐方「坦誠溝通」,不過王毅這話只說了前半段,最關鍵的部分卻語帶保留。
對中國來說,確保俄羅斯不戰敗還不是最佳情境,要讓俄國「輸不得但也贏不了」,俄烏戰事就一直拖著、懸而未決,才最有利。
一來有助於分散及干擾美國戰略資源分配、外交政策布局和全球軍力部署,以免美方集中火力、全力抗中;二來可促使俄國繼續有求於中方,在雙邊關係互動占據上風,並藉此不斷削弱俄國力量,趁機擴大經營中亞、中東等莫斯科傳統勢力範圍,進而爭取更多友中國家支持,共同抗美。
中俄彼此猜忌 加大提防戒備
普丁自然不是省油的燈,深諳中國持續援俄的真實用意,因此也強挖中國牆腳進行反制。俄國近年不僅大力協助北韓強化軍事實力,還締結相互提供軍事支援的同盟關係,希望提高北韓在東北亞持續製造事端的誘因和能力,企圖破壞中國周邊戰略環境穩定,同時也達成弱化中國對北韓影響力的謀略目標。
《紐約時報》也披露俄羅斯情報部門的內部文件,將中國形容為「敵人」,直指中國不斷加大對莫斯科的諜報滲透活動,意圖獲取敏感軍事技術,並密切監視俄國在烏克蘭軍事行動,以求更加掌握西方國家的武器性能及作戰方式。與此同時,俄方也對中國持續加強布局北極地區,以及中國民族主義人士對遠東地區的領土野心感到憂慮。
除此之外,川普重返白宮後亟欲自烏克蘭戰場抽身,積極居中斡旋俄烏談判,且有意改善美俄關係,避免俄國持續向中國靠攏。但普丁堅信「戰場上得不到的,談判桌上也得不到」,利用川普施壓烏國先釋出善意,以及調停雙方衝突的空窗期,不斷加大對烏國攻勢,企圖攫取更大戰果。
不過,川普採取務實態度與普丁交涉,的確給了俄國一個擺脫中國掣肘、分散傾中風險的戰略機遇,普丁當然也不願意一直當習近平的小老弟,處處受制於人,於是「制衡中國」成為當前美俄最重要的利益交集。
由此可見,中俄雖名為「上不封頂」的「新時代全面戰略協作夥伴」,但事實上雙方互不信任、彼此猜忌,只是缺乏理念、相互利用的「投機」結盟,一旦利益出現重大矛盾或嚴重分歧,即可能棄對方而不顧甚至背叛。
普丁在背後捅刀 是習近平最大隱憂
北約秘書長呂特(Mark Rutte)最近接受《紐時》專訪表示,如果中國攻打台灣,習近平必定會致電普丁,要求俄國攻擊北約國家,開闢第二戰線。
呂特刻意將台海情勢和歐陸安全做連結,主要目的在凝聚「歐亞安全不可分割」的憂患意識,示警戰爭可能迫在眉睫,必須做好準備,藉此激發北約國家的危機感,催促成員國積極落實6月下旬的峰會共識,儘速將國防支出提高至占GDP的5%,提升自我防衛力量。
不過呂特實在不需妄自菲薄,當前北約整體軍事力量相當可觀,英、法合計擁有超過500枚核彈頭,加上美國在大西洋彼端提供的強大核保護傘,應可對莫斯科構成具可信度的軍事嚇阻。而從普丁極力反對北約東擴,甚至不惜代價發動侵略阻止烏克蘭加入北約,力求拓展地緣戰略的緩衝區,更凸顯出俄國對北約軍事力量的高度忌憚。
更重要的是,收復台灣可視為中國的核心利益,但是貿然進犯北約卻不是俄國的核心利益,說白了,普丁不會為了習近平的核心利益,或者是滿足其個人的政治野心,而配合中方行動攻擊北約,自取滅亡。就如同中國沒有出兵烏克蘭,反而加大利用俄國牽制美國一樣,「隔岸觀火、趁機牟利、不惜背叛」,確保自身利益最大化,才是對中俄「上不封頂」友好關係的最貼切形容。
設想未來中國武力犯台,普丁拒絕出兵北約甚至坐壁上觀都不足為奇。對中國來說,該憂心的是俄國非但不幫忙,反而背棄盟約,轉向美國靠攏,或是趁亂擴張在東北亞勢力,導致中國腹背受敵,恐怕是習近平的最大夢魘。
川普對普丁下達通牒 逼迫中俄攤牌
由於川普對普丁「說一套、做一套」的虛與委蛇做法感到不耐,宣布透過北約向烏克蘭提供包括愛國者飛彈系統在內的先進武器,並且要求俄國於50天內達成協議,否則將對購買俄國石油的國家祭出「次級制裁」。
川普立場雖轉趨強硬,但還是給予俄國50天的談判期,顯示仍無意對普丁趕盡殺絕,以免全面堵死美俄關係改善空間;畢竟儘速促使俄烏停火,防止中國持續利用俄烏戰事久拖牟利,才是川普的優先要務,而確保美俄關係及歐陸安全穩定,美國也才能集中心力對付中國。
中國近年趁便宜擴大進口俄國石油,以降低煉油成本,同時強化戰略儲備。根據中國國企中石化統計,2024年中國約19.6%石油進口來自俄國,俄國也取代沙烏地阿拉伯,成為中國原油的最大進口國。因此,川普揚言對購買俄國石油的國家施加「次級制裁」,中國當然首當其衝。
中國前陣子好不容易才和美國達成關稅協議框架,川普威脅再實施「次級制裁」,明顯是在迫使中國加強施壓俄國展開和談,如此勢將進一步削弱中俄互信;不斷擴大中俄矛盾、製造嫌隙,無疑是川普最希望達成的目的。
更要緊的是,一旦俄烏戰爭落幕或是至少先全面停火,中國恐怕無法再利用俄烏戰爭,將美國繼續拖進歐陸衝突泥淖,況且北約國家允諾將國防支出提高至占GDP的5%,並且承擔更多自我防衛責任,也大大降低美國遭歐陸戰爭牽連的風險。一個心無旁騖的美國,絕對是中國最懼怕的競爭對手,這才是川普最大的戰略盤算。
過去冷戰時期的歷史經驗告訴我們,中俄同盟從來就不是鐵板一塊,雙方關係充滿算計、唯利是圖。川普對普丁下達50天與烏國和談的最後通牒,並威脅實施「次級制裁」,將是對號稱「上不封頂」的中俄關係一次重大試煉。
黃錦鐘為台灣國際事務與地緣政治分析師,曾於華盛頓知名智庫CSIS擔任訪問學者,專注於亞太區域政經情勢和美中台關係研究。他也是Facebook專頁「國際有關係 Global Insights NOW」的內容創作者。
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© Nicole Tung for The New York Times
© Angelina Katsanis for The New York Times
It's a makeover on a massive scale - it involves moving 1,300 plants, replacing 16,000 panes of glass and cleaning up hundreds of tonnes of iron.
This is the ambitious £50m plan to renovate the world-famous Palm House, which sits at the heart of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.
The hot and humid conditions inside have taken their toll on the building, which opened in 1848 and houses a tropical rainforest.
Kew will also use the refurbishment – which will see the glass house closed for five years from 2027 – to reduce emissions from the Palm House to net zero.
The planning permission for the project has now been submitted, and some of the plants that make up the indoor tropical rainforest have started to be relocated.
"This is probably the plant that I worry about moving the most," says Thomas Pickering, head of glasshouses.
He's standing next to one of Kew's most precious specimens: a plant called Encephalartos altensteinii, which is a type of cycad.
It's growing in a pot, and at 250 years old, it's older than the Palm House itself. It's also enormous - weighing more than a tonne and standing about 4m tall.
"It's the sheer size of it. It has a huge weight in that root ball, but also this incredibly long stem, which is very old because they're incredibly slow-growing plants," says Pickering.
The horticulturists will use scaffolds, supports and braces to protect the plant when the time comes for it to be moved. Other plants, that are a bit easier to shift, have already been taken to a temporary greenhouse.
"It's going to be a long term project," explains Pickering.
"And over the next two years, it's going to be a process of selecting which plants we need to containerize (place in pots) and keep, which ones we need to propagate - and also some of the plants will be felled because we won't be able to move them."
The Palm House was built more than 175 years ago and was a wonder of the Victorian age.
No-one had ever constructed a glass house on that scale before and the engineers borrowed techniques from the shipping industry to build the huge structure.
It was last renovated in the 1980s, but now the iron is heavily rusting in places, so it will be stripped back to the bare metal work, repaired and repainted.
All of the thousands of single glazed panes of glass will be replaced and tests are underway to find the best type of glass to provide maximum insulation.
Maintaining the Palm House's temperature at 21C uses a lot of energy, but now gas boilers will be replaced with air source and water source heat pumps.
"This is an incredibly challenging building to make net zero," said Rachel Purdon, head of sustainability at Kew.
"We can do a huge amount with things like sealing the glass and improving the heating systems to massively reduce the carbon footprint and improve the sustainability of the Palm House without impacting the aesthetics."
The Water Lily House, which is located next to the Palm House, will also be made over as part of the renovation. The public will still be able to visit both for the next two years before they're closed for the works.
The team at Kew acknowledges this will be a big undertaking that will have a temporary impact on people coming to their botanic gardens. But they say the results will be worth it.
"The really important aspect of this is to try and ensure that the structure can last as long as possible, before we have to do another refurbishment," says Rachel Purdon.
Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs), who assist doctors in GP surgeries and hospitals, should be known as "assistants" to avoid confusing patients, an independent review says.
The review recommends PAs and AAs wear standardised clothing and badges to distinguish them from doctors, and that they should not diagnose patients.
Health Secretary Wes Streeting announced the review last year, following a heated debate over the roles and responsibilities of the healthcare positions.
The doctor's union, the BMA, says the review should have gone further.
Review author Prof Gillian Leng talked to doctors, patients and the public to collect evidence on the safety and effectiveness of the roles of PAs and AAs.
She said a clear vision "was largely missing" when they were introduced in 2000 and there was no national plan for how the new roles would fit into existing teams, resulting in growing "confusion about the roles' purpose and remit".
"Where capacity was limited in local services, gaps in medical posts were sometimes covered by PAs, without taking into account their more limited training or ensuring that supervisors had the necessary understanding of the roles and the time and skills required to provide appropriate oversight," Prof Leng added.
She also listened to families of relatives who died after being treated by PAs, believing them to be qualified doctors.
Emily Chesterton was told the calf pain she was experiencing in October 2022 was a sprain but it was in fact a blood clot. She died, aged 30, after being seen twice by a physician associate.
Susan Pollitt, 77, was being treated by a PA in hospital two years ago after a pump was left in her stomach for 15 hours longer than it should have been. She died from an infection two days later.
Her daughter Kate says the family have never blamed the PA involved but want more clarity.
"As a family, when you've got someone in hospital, you don't think straight because you're just worried about your relative," she says.
"Even though people are telling you who they are, you're not registering it. So I do think it needs to be made clear, with the uniform and the badges and the name. So we do welcome that," Kate says.
In other cases, patients said they were satisfied after seeing a PA and felt listened to, the review says.
The review recommends physician associates should:
Anaesthesia associates should be renamed "physician assistants in anaesthesia" or PAAs.
In addition, patients should be given clear information about the role of a PA and there should be a faculty to represent PAs and set standards for training.
Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs) were introduced into the NHS in the early 2000s to ease doctors' workload.
As their numbers grew, concerns were raised about the safety of the roles, the lack of clarity around their responsibilities and the impact they had on junior medics' work and training.
PAs are not authorised to prescribe medication but they can order certain scans, take medical histories and conduct physical examinations.
Anaesthesia associates (AAs) support surgery teams and are a much smaller group.
There are now more than 3,000 PAs and AAs in England but the NHS workforce plan envisages that increasing to 12,000 by 2036.
Both PAs and AAs have to complete a two-year postgraduate course. To be eligible they need to have either a science-related undergraduate degree or be a registered healthcare professional already.
The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges said there was a growing campaign against their use, fuelled by unsubstantiated claims on social media. It requested an independent review to set out the jobs they can safely do.
PAs and AAs have been regulated by the General Medical Council, the body which also regulates doctors, since December 2024.
Doctors' training takes many years longer, and anti-social hours and exams are a regular occurrence.
The British Medical Association has said PAs and AAs were being asked to do tasks they were not meant to do and the lines with doctors were getting blurred.
Dr Emma Runswick, from the BMA, says the name change to physician assistants is "positive" but doctors haven't got everything they wanted and more still needs to be done.
"Patients can know who they are seeing, but it does not make the key changes that we are looking for in terms of setting out what they can and cannot do."
"But we would be a fool to say that it wasn't some progress."
Dr Hilary Williams, incoming vice president of the Royal College of Physicians, said the review was "thoughtful" and "thorough", and showed that "reform is urgently needed" to ensure safe teamworking in the NHS.
An advert by Trip drinks has been banned for making unauthorised claims it can "help you feel calm".
The ad for the drink, which includes cucumber, mint and magnesium also claimed it could help or reduce stress and anxiety.
This was not in line with rules on marketing food or drink ingredients as having health benefits, the advertising watchdog's investigation found.
Trip said it had removed the claims while it awaited external advice but hoped to be in a position to make the claims in the future.
Trip drinks has tapped in to a burgeoning market for non-alcoholic drinks, advertising widely on social media and positioning itself as a brand that uses ingredients that, it claims, relax people.
It calls itself the "UK's No.1 CBD brand". CBD, short for cannabidiol, is an extract of the marijuana plant and is commonly advertised as a relaxant, though it does not induce a "high" like other compounds found in the plant.
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) upheld three complaints made against Trip's advert for its cucumber and mint flavoured drink. It appeared on its website in December with the words: "Try me in the morning to help find some calm before a long day, or take a Trip to unwind when work is over."
The ASA found the company made a host of claims about its "Mindful Blend" range having "viral ingredients", that were "calming". These included supplements Lion's Mane extract, L-theanine and ashwagandha.
The Great Britain nutrition and health claims register sets out which nutrition and health claims are permitted in adverts for food or supplements. These were not permitted, the ASA found.
Some of the language used in the advert, such as "crafted for calm" and "simply help you feel calm" would lead consumers to deduce that Trip drinks reduce anxiety, the ASA ruling said. These were implications that were prohibited by the GB register, it said.
The watchdog also found the advert's suggestion that the magnesium in the drink could reduce serum cortisol levels breached the code. Cortisol is commonly known as the stress hormone.
The ASA also found that Trip's claim of "0g added sugar" were inaccurate and therefore breached the ASA's codes of advertising.
The watchdog ruled that the ad must not appear again in the same form, and said it had told Trip not to make claims that its drinks could prevent, treat or cure human disease.
When the world-famous Sycamore Gap tree was illegally felled in September 2023, TV chef and Hairy Biker Si King was among those devastated by the wanton destruction. He was so angry he could not bring himself to visit the site again - until now.
He takes several deep breaths, steeling himself, then walks slowly up to the stump.
Inside the fence surrounding the remains of the sycamore, several green shoots are growing.
"Dear me," Si says simply, before turning away, too overwhelmed by the "big yawning gap" in the landscape.
"I've put off coming to see it, because I didn't want to," he says.
Si inspects the scars left by a chainsaw blade.
"Absolutely mindless," he adds.
On the morning of 28 September 2023, when news that the much-loved landmark had been felled spread globally, Si was among those expressing their fury.
"You've just murdered a sentinel of time and elemental spirit of Northumberland," he raged on social media. "For whatever warped reason you've done it, it's shocking."
The TV chef, best known as one half of the Hairy Bikers, had to postpone filming that day because of his "visceral reaction" to the news.
In his direct message to those responsible - a 44 second clip that's had almost two million views on X - he furiously ranted that he hoped they had a conscience.
Coming from the north-east of England, where the tree had grown for more than 100 years, Si knew its importance.
"There was a magic and majesty to it," he says, calling it an "absolute exclamation mark of who we are in this part of the world".
Si had been sent the news of its felling in a text message by a close friend, who had come to cherish the tree following a personal tragedy.
He hoped she was mistaken, but links to news articles sent in follow-up messages brought the dreaded confirmation.
Such was his anger, he had to record his condemnation video several times because of the swearing in the original versions.
Following a third expletive-free attempt, he asked fellow Hairy Biker and best friend Dave Myers if it was acceptable to be shared with their one million followers on X.
"I was absolutely raging," Si says.
"That level of vandalism and brutal bitterness was beyond my comprehension.
"I can't comprehend the mindset that would just do that. I don't understand that character and personality. That was just plain nasty.
"It felt so personal."
That sentiment was shared by millions both in the UK and around the world.
Sycamore Gap was the scene of marriage proposals, wedding photographs and somewhere grieving families scattered ashes.
For Si, it was a "special place" that provided moments of "peace", "solace" and "counsel."
It was also somewhere he visited when "in crisis."
Five months after the tree was cut down, his on-screen partner and "best mate" Dave died at the age of 66, two years after revealing he had cancer.
Had the tree still been there, Si says he would have gone there to reflect on his loss, "given the year everybody involved with the Hairy Bikers has had".
However, with only the stump remaining, it was "too much" for him to visit in the immediate aftermath of Dave's death.
On one occasion he drove to the road adjacent to Sycamore Gap, but his emotions halted his return and he "looked away", unable to bring himself to stop his car.
It was only in June, after Daniel Graham and Adam Carruthers, both from Cumbria, had been found guilty of chopping down the tree, that he says he felt ready to return, accompanied by a BBC film crew for the documentary The Sycamore Gap: From Roots to Ruin.
"It's quite difficult to put into words," he says, as he surveys the scene.
"I'm an emotional human being and it's sorely missed - tragically so."
Sycamore Gap had extra poignancy to Si because of another personal tragedy.
The close friend who had texted him on the day to say the tree had been cut down had lost her son when he was just 18.
Following the teenager's death, Sycamore Gap became a natural place for them to gather and grieve.
"The impact of that, because we were all very close, was enormous," Si says.
The peacefulness of Sycamore Gap was "of solace" to them all, so much so the tree was depicted on the young man's gravestone.
"Sycamore Gap is that important," Si says.
"It's not just a tree."
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编者按:
2025年7月7日,历史学者傅国涌先生因病离世,年仅59岁。他深耕中国近代史,尤以《大商人》系统梳理张謇、卢作孚等第一代企业家精神而著称。先生以史笔为炬,照亮被遗忘的民族实业脊梁,其“经济创造力、社会责任感、管理制度化”的企业家精神论断,至今仍为商界提供思想养分。辛庄课堂转发傅国涌先生此文,让先生笔下的历史微光永续照亮今人前行之路。
“当官要读《曾国藩》,经商要读《胡雪岩》。”
这是现在办企业的人中很流行的一句话。胡雪岩为什么如此走红?自然是因为胡有着“利用官府资源的能力,与社会各层面斡旋的能力,资本运营的能力”。这些能力,有助于从体制内寻求创业资源,有助于迅速聚集财富。
但胡氏没有投资新式企业,没有在改良工艺、提高品质等方面做出新的努力。所以,他算不上企业家,只是一个流通领域的商人。
中国企业家真正的根、现代工商业真正的本土源头,在那些开创了各种新式工业的民营企业家身上,张謇、荣氏兄弟、穆藕初、范旭东、刘鸿生、卢作孚等人,正是他们,代表了近代的方向。
中国的近代企业家群体大致有五种不同类型,也就是五个来源:
一是绅商型,以张謇为代表,一般拥有科举功名和官场背景,属于地方头面士绅,所以张謇把大生纱厂的性质定为“绅领商办”,以区别于“官督商办”和“官商合办”,这是民营企业的早期形式。
第一代绅商型企业家包括同属“状元办厂”的江苏人陆润庠,安徽人周学熙、孙家鼐、孙多森,以及浙江人严信厚、严子均父子等。
二是商人型,以荣氏兄弟为代表,他们从做钱庄学徒到自己开钱庄,在办厂之前只有纯粹的商人身份。叶澄衷、鲍咸昌、宋炜臣、曾铸等都属于此类,“五金王”叶澄衷,商务印书馆创始人鲍咸昌、夏瑞芳,也和荣氏兄弟一样,在上海做学徒出身。
三是买办型,以早期的朱葆三、虞洽卿和后来的刘鸿生为代表,他们虽然都是买办出身,但在掘得第一桶金并完成原始积累以后,就开始投资办企业,完成身份的转换。“买办”说到底是一个中性词,类似今天外资企业的高级白领或金领,并不是一个让人谈虎色变的政治符咒。
这一类型的早期代表还包括朱志尧、王一亭、徐润等人。经济史学者严中平在《中国棉纺织史稿》中说:“买办不但拥有创办现代工厂所必需的大量资金,并且拥有创办现代工厂所必须具备的某些‘洋务’知识,而这却是一切官僚、地主、高利贷者等土财主纵使花费巨额资金也无从购买的。”
四是侨商型,就是回母土创业的海外华侨,包括烟台张裕酿酒公司的张振勋,南洋兄弟烟草公司的简照南、简玉阶兄弟,永安公司的郭乐、郭泉兄弟,以及先施公司的马应彪等人。
五是知识型,代表人物有范旭东、穆藕初、卢作孚,以及陈光甫、周作民这样的银行家,他们或是留学美、日的“海归”,或自学起家,共同之处就是创业之前没有官场背景,没有从商经历,没有雄厚资本,但他们有见地、有魄力、有能力,他们的企业不是家族企业,往往一开始就是股份制企业。
在近代企业家阶层中,他们最具创造性和现代精神,从来没有把利润最大化看作第一追求,而有着更高的目标,他们中许多人甚至算不上是资本家。
荣德生在七十三岁时说过一番话:
“回想四十五年前,筚路蓝缕,创业伊始,由小做大,以至今日,自思亦甚可笑。有此成就,殊出意外,深愧既非实学,又无财力,事业但凭诚心,稳步前进,虽屡遭困厄艰难,均想尽方法应付,终告化险为夷。”
荣氏兄弟既无显赫家世,又无科举功名,更无雄厚资本,先天条件并无优势,外在的环境因素则与同时代人一致。荣德生总结自己的创业经验,概括为“勤”“俭”二字,他喜欢说“勤劳耐苦”,1919年还亲自给无锡公益工商中学题写“和平耐劳”的校训。
我觉得,还应该加上“识”“能”“德”这几个字,如果没有过人的见识、相当的管理能力,以及对兴学等公益事业的热诚,很难想象他们能成为那个时代享有盛誉的企业巨子。
我很赞同有人已指出的“天道酬德”这个说法,成功背后一定有相通的因素,包括天道酬勤、天道酬俭与天道酬德。如果不是这样,则一定是这个社会出了问题。
荣氏兄弟和刘鸿生既是企业家,也是资本家,他们拥有巨额个人财富,在自己创办的大多数企业中享有控股权。但企业家并不等同于资本家,包括张謇、范旭东、穆藕初、卢作孚,他们自身都不是资本家,也不是职业经理人,而是企业创办人。
他们和自己的企业血脉相连,是企业的灵魂、核心、精神领袖,甚至是企业生命的源泉。他们给企业提供的是头脑,是动力,企业已与他们的生命合为一体。
何谓企业家?从张謇到卢作孚,我们可以给企业家这个特定角色一个清晰的定位。
企业家与资本家不同,与富人、有钱人也不同。1946年,享有“面粉大王”“棉纱大王”称誉的荣德生在上海被绑票,绑匪开价勒索百万美元,他说自己是事业家,而非资本家,因为自己的钱全投资在事业上面,而资本家可以将钱放在家里,不信的话尽管去调查。
绑匪把价码降到了五十万美元,他也没有打算给,在立下的四条遗嘱中说道,如果拿出这笔赎金将影响企业生产,宁可牺牲个人来保全事业。这就是企业家与资本家的不同,前者关键时刻看得最重的还是事业。
“企业家”这个概念本身有着特定的内涵,我个人觉得,至少包括四个特征:
一是经济创造力,就是敢于挑战风险、勇于把握新事业机会的创业精神,这是企业家的内在驱动力。中国传统文化中往往缺少类似的冒险、开拓、创新等因素。
二是价值观。实业救国、工业救国、民生救国、棉铁救国等理念曾风行中国,胡厥文中学毕业就决心走实业救国之路。1914年考入北京高等工业专门学校时,他认为机械是工业之本,选择了机械科。
1918年毕业后,他抱定信念:一不做官,二不从教,终身以实业救国为己任。企业的凝聚力往往建立在企业家引导的核心价值之上,而非完全依赖外在规章制度的约束。
三是社会责任感,不以盈利为唯一目标,重视社会信誉,以服务社会为自己的最高选择。“永久黄”团体制定的“四大信条”,以及民生公司在抗日战争中,特别是宜昌大撤退中的巨大牺牲和出色表现,都是最好的证据。
“天之生人也,与草木无异。若遗留一二有用事业,与草木同生,即不与草木同腐。故踊跃从公者,做一分便是一分,做一寸便是一寸。”这是张謇的名言。荣德生的座右铭为“发上等愿,结中等缘,享下等福”,卢作孚信奉的是“忠实地做事,诚恳地对人”。
四是管理制度化,现代企业不是旧式作坊,不是手工生产,而是组织起来的大规模机器生产,从生产到经营,如果没有制度规范,一切无从谈起。大生纱厂创办之前,张謇即手订《厂约》和一系列章程,早期得到较好的执行。
穆藕初率先引入美国最新的科学管理法,并使之本土化。各企业先后引入以严格核算为基础的理性化簿记制度,包括会计成本核算制度。他们相信专家的作用,对新机器、新技术、新人才具有相当的认识,以工程师制代替了最初的工头制。
尽管他们的企业管理上仍存在着这样那样的缺点,但在抗战之前,荣氏企业、刘鸿生的一系列企业、卢作孚的民生公司、范旭东的“永久黄”团体等,都已经走向制度化。
上述四个特征缺一不可,成为衡量企业家的基本要件,共同构成我们通常所说的企业家精神。对于一个真正的企业家来说,这种精神要比一切计算更具有根本性。荣德生在他哥哥荣宗敬六十虚岁生日时说,精神才是立业之本,家兄一生事业靠的就是充实的精神。这个“精神”无疑就是企业家精神。
从张謇到卢作孚,他们经办的企业已具有明显的现代特征,通过取名即可看出一些端倪:“大生”源自《易经》“天地之大德曰生”,“茂新”“福新”“申新”都有一个“新”字,“民生”本身就是宗旨,胡厥文办机器厂叫“新民”,“久大”“永利”“德大”“厚生”“大中华”……也都寄托了创办人的怀抱。
再看商标。大生的“魁星”“寿星”等棉纱,荣氏企业中“兵船”面粉、“人钟”等棉纱,德大的“宝塔”棉纱,久大的“海王星”精盐,永利的“红三角”纯碱,大中华的“美丽”火柴,唐山启新的“马”牌水泥,华商上海水泥公司的“象”牌水泥,章华的“九一八”哔叽细呢,天津东亚公司的“抵羊”(即“抵制洋货”)牌毛线……
都是当年的著名商标,有的曾打入国际市场,风靡一时。大生二厂和三厂同属一个集团,还为相似的商标发生过争执。可以肯定,那个时代站在最前沿领导风气的企业家已具备强烈的商标和品牌意识,把产品的质量和信誉看作企业的第一生命。
二十来岁就做了老板的古耕虞说:“信用是买卖人的无价之宝,是不能以数字来衡量的。”他百分之百地信守合同,一向保持AAA的最佳银行信用评级。这位爱穿中国长袍的“猪鬃大王”还将自己一贯遵守约会时间、一丝不苟的行为称作“企业家风度”。
他们对企业性质的探索、实践,已积累了许多可贵的经验:大生从创办之初就是股份制,民生公司为防止大资本控股而分散股份,天津东亚公司提出“国人资本,国人制造”“不怕股东小,就怕股东少”等口号,最多时股东有上万人。荣氏企业热衷的无限公司形式,“肉烂在锅里”,已成为资本积累、扩大生产的一个重要保证。
无论大生企业集团、荣氏企业集团,还是刘鸿生的企业系统,都不是创办者单枪匹马或者一个家族就能发展起来的,关键是用人、凝聚人。
民生公司和“永久黄”团体具有强烈的团队意识,成为中国企业史上超强的两个团队。范旭东和卢作孚特殊的个人魅力,感召并集中了一大批各个层面(从管理层到技术层)的精英。否则,成就这些事业是难以设想的。
当然,仅有中、上层的结合还不足以打造一个稳健、可持续的大企业。还需要企业文化来凝聚整个企业。
无锡申新三厂推行劳工自治区是个很好的试验,可惜被抗战的烽火打断。刘国钧总结经营经验,在大成纺织印染股份有限公司提出三个“一点点”口号:“货色要比别人好一点点,成本要比别人轻一点点,价钱要比别人高一点点。”他将口号烧成蓝底白字的搪瓷标牌,悬挂于车间、走廊、餐厅、写字间等处,办厂刊、编格言,人手一册。
从1930年到1937年,在国内纺织厂纷纷倒闭的大环境里,大成却从一个厂发展到四个厂,从常州发展到上海,从一万纱锭发展到七万八千八百六十三纱锭,从两百台织机发展到两千七百零七台,从零到拥有日产五千匹布的全套漂染设备,从五十万元到四百万元注册资本,八年里翻了八番,经济学家马寅初称之为“罕见的奇迹”。
宋棐卿于1932年开办天津东亚毛呢纺织股份有限公司,提出“东亚精神”,制定《东亚铭》,编印《东亚精神》小册子,公司有职工青年会、学术研究会、职工夜校、基督教团契,还有国剧社、合唱团、球队、国术学社等。
许多企业都办有连续性内刊,“永久黄”团体有《海王》,民生公司有《新世界》,荣氏企业有《人钟月刊》,天津东亚毛呢纺织股份有限公司有《东亚声》,还有教各种生活常识(特别是教妇女织毛衣)的《方舟月刊》,每月销行一万两千册,直接订数就有七八千册。
还有一点不可忽略:爱国是那个时代大多数企业家的共性。
1926年,吴百亨在温州开办百好炼乳厂,他的“白日擒雕”牌在温州主要与英国的“鹰”牌竞争。1931年,对方出十万元购买他的商标,他回答:“我办‘百好’,是为了兴办国货,抵制洋货,不单是为了金钱,擒雕牌的商标权我绝不出卖。”他反而劝说前来洽谈的买办离开英国公司,自办实业或经营本国产品。
“九·一八事变”后,由胡厥文主持的上海铜铁机器同业公会在《申报》发表《铜铁机器业抗日救国决议》,提出组织义勇军,各厂准许职工加入,在最短时间赶制迫击炮、地雷、手榴弹、机枪等主张。
“一·二八事变”时,他亲自参与用水雷攻击日本旗舰“出云”号的行动,并在一枚弹头上写下“抗日必胜”四字。1937年,新民机器厂等上海一百四十六家民营工厂不畏艰危,西迁入川。
“八·一三事变”发生时,正在德国洽谈人造石油厂的“味精大王”吴蕴初匆忙回国,他说:“做一个中国人,总要对得起自己的国家。”
1949年,吴蕴初、荣德生、胡西园、古耕虞……那么多在各自领域称“王”的企业家选择留下,卢作孚、刘鸿生后来也从香港返回。最根本的原因就是他们对这片土地的热爱,对这个国家、民族刻骨铭心的情感,他们不愿放弃自己的国家去做“白华”。
“企业家精神”在西方的含义十分明确,就是在经济合理的基础上勇于挑战一切风险、把握一切机会的创业精神,这是一个企业发展过程中最强大的内在驱动力。在荣宗敬、刘鸿生等人身上,明显存有这种冒险和开创精神,他们内心对于求新、求多、求大,有着不可遏止的强烈冲动。
但是,冒险、开拓、创新等价值,在中国传统文化中毕竟比较匮乏,因此中国的企业家精神从开始就和西方有所不同。
在张謇代表的第一代企业家身上,可以明显看到儒家对他们的深刻影响:他们有经世济民的入世情怀,带着浓厚的实用理性色彩,对于冒险、开拓的兴趣并不很大。
到受过新式教育、接受全新西方思想资源的范旭东、卢作孚这些人那里,则有了现代化的自觉追求。在他们之间,相通的是“实业救国”的紧迫感与危机感。
卢作孚直截了当地提出现代化的目标,荣德生到晚年仍耿耿在念:“中国要富强,非急速变成一个工业化国家不可。”
法国学者白吉尔在《中国资产阶级的黄金时代》中有个论断:与西方十七世纪的新教徒企业家不同,二十世纪的中国企业家把自己的成功看作拯救国家命运的希望之举。
“地方精英阶层所以承担起社会公益事务的责任,是出于社会开放和现代化的强烈愿望。”这就可以理解穆藕初一掷万金去助学的义举,理解张謇在南通的作为,以及企业家群体在推动工业化过程中,为促进城市化所做的一切努力。
他们对公益事业的关心,已不是造桥修路、做善事那么简单,而具有以工业化带动城市化的深刻内涵。张謇是第一个例子,他是中国企业家的标杆、榜样与楷模。他生逢一个大转型的时代,用三十年致力于实业、教育、自治和政治改良(以地方自治为基础)。
如果说梁启超是以文字革新,那么他就是在实践上开风气之先。古老中国的现代化之路在他的脚下延伸,实业、教育与政治改良正是现代化的三个支点。
之前的洋务运动中,李鸿章、张之洞等人意识到了强国,但没有洞察富民和开启民智才是根本,更没有想到政治制度的创新。从这个意义上讲,张謇称得上是中国的现代化之父。
他在南通大办公益事业,致力于地方自治,由通州民立师范学校开始的一系列学校—从师范、专门技术学校、普通中小学、幼稚园直到大学、盲哑学校,南通博物苑、南通图书馆、更俗剧场到公共体育场、军山气象台,南通育婴堂、养老院、济良所、残废院到医院、公园等,简直是以企业办社会,不仅奠定了南通一地的现代化基础,而且他创造的“南通模式”直接影响了荣氏兄弟、范旭东、卢作孚、穆藕初等人,间接影响的人更是不计其数。
荣氏兄弟在无锡创办的一系列小学、中学、大学、公园、图书馆,修建的桥梁、公路等,对于无锡这所城市的贡献也不可小觑。范旭东在塘沽办化工企业,把一个荒凉的渔村变成繁华的工业重镇,卢作孚对重庆北碚的建设与他的民生公司几乎同步。
值得注意的是,还有许多地方因厂成镇,比如大生一厂所在的南通唐闸镇、大生二厂所在的崇明久隆镇(今属启东市)、大生三厂所在的海门三厂镇、永利南京铔厂所在的大厂镇等等,都是工业化推动城市化的生动范例。
他们办企业的行为因而成为现代化的有机组成部分,要说企业家留下的本土传统,没有比这些更重要的了。
这些实业家们脚踏实地,一步一个脚印,进得一寸就是一寸,不奢望,不幻想,温和而执着。与那些大刀阔斧、雷霆闪电般的历史人物相比,他们往往显得不够过瘾,不够雄浑,不够痛快,似乎缺乏颠倒山河、挥洒自如的大气魄,但是,从一个较长的历史过程来看,不能不承认,他们的选择可能留下了更多正面的遗产,是后人可以效仿、跟进的。
古老民族应该珍视自己的本土资源。企业家阶层是近代的产物,从张謇到卢作孚,他们的实绩本身,已昭示了一条通往未来的道路。
卢作孚、刘鸿生、范旭东、穆藕初、荣氏兄弟,还有状元商人张謇,这些开创了各种新式工业的第一代民营企业家们,他们创造了百年前的商业奇迹,更昭示了一条通往未来的路。
可惜的是,如今已经少有人记得他们,至于他们所代表的的那种生根于中国传统的经世济民的企业家精神,就更是无从寻觅了。或许正是这种精神的缺失,地沟油、毒奶粉等产品才会大行其道,这不能不说是我们这个时代的悲哀。
古老民族应该珍视自己的本土资源,这些“大商人”们不应被遗忘。为此,先知书店特别推荐傅国涌《大商人》系列,这是一部近代商业文明档案,还原早期实业家对企业发展的探索实践:
◎探寻中国现代工商业真正的本土源头
“大商人”系列以六册、近四十万字的体量,重新挖掘被忽视已久的近代民营企业创业史,分别从六组各具代表性的民营企业家的创业史入手,探寻中国现代工商业真正的本土源头,还原最早的民营企业家们对品牌、责任、技术、管理、团队、企业文化的探索和实践。
◎还原科学和民族的管理方式,思考推动社会渐进的路径
张謇创造的“南通模式”,造厂力求其快的“荣宗敬速度”,穆藕初引入的科学管理法,“永久黄”的团队精神,刘鸿生的企业托拉斯计划,小鱼吃大鱼的“卢作孚神话”……这一切将带领读者发现中国工商业竟然曾发展到如此进步的程度,出现过如此科学和民族的管理方式,进而重新审视和思考实业家们“得寸进寸”、推动社会进步的渐进路径。
◎揭开历史激荡下的企业浮沉
作者傅国涌,生前为写作“大商人”系列,读史两年,试图揭开历史激荡下的企业浮沉;寻访一年,走遍大江南北,探访企业家们在中国土地上留下的真实痕迹,走入他们的生活与悲喜。