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Today — 1 May 2025News

A.I. Can Trick You, Warns Book That Hid A.I.’s Help Writing It

1 May 2025 at 04:29
People were deceived. Accusations of dishonesty and even illegality flew. But the man behind the book defends it, calling it not a prank but a “philosophical experiment.”

The cover of the book, with its authorship attributed to an invented philosopher.

Cyril Ramaphosa sets up inquiry into claims of interference with investigation of apartheid-era crimes

1 May 2025 at 04:02
Four men walking

South Africa’s president, Cyril Ramaphosa, is setting up an inquiry into whether past ANC governments interfered with the investigation and prosecution of apartheid-era crimes, amid criticism from the families of victims.

A group of 25 relatives and survivors of apartheid-era deaths and violence sued the government in January, claiming that interference from “the highest levels of government” blocked investigations into cases referred to the National Prosecuting Authority by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).

On Wednesday, the presidency said in a statement: “Allegations of improper influence in delaying or hindering the investigation and prosecution of apartheid-era crimes have persisted from previous administrations.

“Through this commission, President Ramaphosa is determined that the true facts be established and the matter brought to finality … President Ramaphosa appreciates the anguish and frustration of the families of victims, who have fought for so many years for justice.”

The families suing the government include those of four men known as the Cradock Four, who were beaten, strangled with telephone wire, stabbed and shot to death in one of the most notorious killings of South Africa’s apartheid era.

In 1999, the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) denied six security officers amnesty for their role in the killings of Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkonto, Matthew Goniwe and Sicelo Mhlauli. The officers were never prosecuted and are all now dead.

The families criticised Ramaphosa’s decision that an inquiry should assess their claims for “constitutional damages” – their high court case asked for 167m rand (£7.3m) to fund further investigations and litigation, as well as memorials and public education – and said that their rights were violated.

They said in a statement that an inquiry would have no authority over these areas and would only be able to offer advice. “This fundamental shortcoming was pointed out to the president’s legal team, as well as the fact that it will likely result in the issues remaining unresolved for years. This will perpetuate the pain and trauma that the families and survivors have experienced for many years.”

South Africa’s governments have been led by the African National Congress party of Nelson Mandela since the end of apartheid over 30 years ago.

In March, Thabo Mbeki, who was president from 1999 to 2008, and the former justice minister Brigitte Mabandla applied to intervene in the families’ high court case. Mbeki has repeatedly denied interfering in decisions to prosecute apartheid-era cases.

King sends heartfelt message to fellow cancer patients

1 May 2025 at 01:00
EPA King Charles at the Easter Sunday service in WindsorEPA
King Charles is hosting a reception for cancer charities at Buckingham Palace

King Charles has sent a personal message to fellow cancer patients, speaking of the "daunting and at times frightening experience" for cancer sufferers and their loved ones.

In a heartfelt message to guests at a Buckingham Palace reception for cancer charities, the King spoke about becoming a cancer "statistic" - referencing the more than 1,000 new cases recorded in the UK every day.

He said his experience of living with cancer had shown that "the darkest moments of illness can be illuminated by the greatest compassion".

The message doesn't provide an update on the progress of the King's own cancer treatment, but royal sources say he is continuing in a positive direction.

The King was diagnosed with an undisclosed form of cancer in February 2024 and continues to receive regular treatment, which is said to be successful and that he is getting better.

There was a brief hospital stay for the King in March after he suffered side effects, but he was well enough in April for a state visit to Italy with a busy schedule and is said to have plans for further overseas trips.

There has been an attempt to be more open about his health problems - and this latest message reflects his sense of a shared experience with the many other families affected by cancer.

The King's statement continued: "But as one among those statistics myself, I can vouch for the fact that it can also be an experience that brings into sharp focus the very best of humanity."

He praised the "community of care" of those who helped cancer patients, for their humanity as well as their expertise.

The King highlighted "the profound impact of human connection - whether in the careful explanation from a specialist nurse, the hand held by a hospice volunteer, or the shared experience in a support group".

"While every patient's journey may be different, together you are ensuring that a cancer diagnosis need never mean facing the future without hope and support," said the King.

He quoted Dame Deborah James, who died of bowel cancer in 2022 and whose parents are guests at the reception, who said: "Have no regrets; and always, always have rebellious hope."

The reception at Buckingham Palace on Wednesday evening, attended by the King and Queen Camilla, is in honour of community projects helping people who are living with cancer and for health groups trying to prevent cancer.

Among the guests will be representatives of cancer charities including Macmillan Cancer Support, Breast Cancer Now, Maggie's and Children's Hospice South West.

The reception includes displays showing the work of groups helping people affected by cancer, including Wigs for Heroes and Move Dance Feel, which uses dance to support women with cancer.

At the Palace there are also champions of cancer charities, people living with cancer and people who lost relatives, including radio presenter Adele Roberts, former footballer Ashley Cain and actor Richard E Grant.

"Every day we see the impact that cancer is having on people's lives and that experience is even worse for some people because of who they are or where they live, which is entirely unacceptable. We are on a mission to transform cancer care, but we cannot do it on our own," said Gemma Peters, chief executive officer at Macmillan Cancer Support.

If you are affected by any of the issues raised in this story, support and advice is available via the BBC Action Line.

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Body found in Thames confirmed as that of girl, 11

1 May 2025 at 00:56
Family Handout Kaliyah Coa is seen in a close up picture from the neck up.Family Handout
Kaliyah Coa went missing last month on a school inset day

A body found in the River Thames is that of 11-year-old Kaliyah Coa who went missing in east London last month, the Metropolitan Police has confirmed.

In a statement issued through the force, her family said Kaliyah had been attending a birthday party but "never returned home".

Her body was recovered at Maritime Quay on the Isle of Dogs, east London, on 13 April. Kaliyah was reported missing on 31 March after playing near Barge House Causeway in Woolwich during a school inset day.

In their statement, Kaliyah's family said: "Our hearts are broken and our lives will never be the same. We were blessed to have Kaliyah, even if it was for such a short time. She will be missed so much."

An inquest into Kaliyah's death is due to open on Friday.

Det Supt Scott Ware, who led the Met's investigation, said: "This tragic accident took away a little girl who was loved by many."

The family thanked all those who took part in the search for Kaliyah and requested their privacy be respected.

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MPs watchdog probes Reeves' theatre tickets declaration

1 May 2025 at 01:54
Reuters Rachel ReevesReuters

Chancellor Rachel Reeves is being investigated by Parliament's standards watchdog after failing to declare on time that she received free theatre tickets.

It is understood the chancellor attended an event at the National Theatre over Christmas but did not add the donation to the MPs register of interests within the specified timeframe.

The BBC has been told Reeves did declare the trip on her ministerial register, which is separate from the MPs register. The parliamentary code of conduct states that MPs must register their financial interests and update any changes within 28 days.

A spokesperson for Reeves said: "The chancellor's interests are fully declared and up to date."

Endangered axolotl release raises hopes for rare amphibian

1 May 2025 at 02:00
Victoria Gill/BBC News A captive-bred axolotl peers through glass of an aquarium in a laboratory. It has pinkish-white skin and feathery gills around its head. It appears to have a fixed smile on its face. Victoria Gill/BBC News
Very few axolotls are left in the wild

One of the world's most endangered amphibians - the strange, perpetually smiling Mexican axolotl - has thrived after being released in artificial wetlands, scientists have discovered.

In a study that provides hope for the long-term future of a creature that was pushed to the brink of extinction, scientists released 18 captive-bred axolotls in restored and artificial wetland close to Mexico City.

The researchers fitted the animals with radio trackers and found that they "survived and foraged successfully at both sites" - even gaining weight.

Lead researcher Dr Alejandra Ramos from the Autonomous University of Baja California said this was an "amazing result".

Victoria Gill, BBC News A wild axoltol in a captive breeding programme aquarium. In contrast to pet and laboratory axolotls, this wild amphibian is brown and mottled. The image shows how well camouflaged the animal is against the dark rocks and mud of its natural wetland habitat. Victoria Gill, BBC News
The researchers are captive-breeding axolotls for release into the wild

The findings are published in the journal PLoS One and they suggest, the researchers say, that the axoltol can be brought back to its native habitat.

The waters of Xochimilco - shaped by traditional farming practices and flushed with spring water from the mountains - used to teem with these amphibians.

But as Mexico City grew, urbanisation, pollution and other pressures pushed axolotls to the brink of extinction, with some estimates suggesting that there were as few as 50 left in the wild.

"If we lose this species, we lose part of our Mexican identity," said co-lead researcher Dr Luis Zambrano from the National University of Mexico.

It is no exaggeration to call the axoltol an icon. Aztec legend has it that the creature is a god in salamander form - the Aztec god of fire and lightning, Xolotl, disguised as a salamander.

"If we can restore this [wetland] habitat and restore the axolotl's population in a city of more than 20 million people," Dr Zambrano continued, "I feel that we have hope for humanity."

Victoria Gill, BBC News The scene shows a traditional wetland farming site in Xochimilco, close to Mexico City. This is the natural home of the axolotl - it is green and verdant with vegetation, there are crops growing and there is a murky canal in the foreground. This is one of the sites of ongoing habitat restoration for the Mexican axolotl. Victoria Gill, BBC News
The wetlands of Xochimilco used to teem with axolotls, but they have been almost wiped out by pollution

To lay the foundations for releasing the animals, the researchers worked with local farmers and a team of volunteers to create wetland "refuges" for the axolotls. They installed natural filtering systems to clean the water,

The scientists released their captive-bred animals at two sites - one in Xochimilco and one at a disused quarry that, over decades, has turned into what they called an "artificial wetland".

Every animal was tagged with a radio tracking device.

"The amazing news is that they all survived," Dr Ramos told BBC News. "And not only that, but the ones that we recaptured had gained weight - so they're hunting."

The monitoring also revealed intriguing insights into axolotl behaviour. "We found that some spend most of their time with with one other individual - like they make these little friendships," Dr Ramos explained.

Victoria Gill/BBC News The image shows a man (on the left) and a woman smiling into the camera. Both are scientists working on conservation of the wild axolotl in Xochimilco, close to Mexico City. The background shows the lush, green habitat that is their field site. Victoria Gill/BBC News
Scientists Luis Zambrano and Alejandra Ramos in Xochimilco

Somewhat ironically, these charismatic salamanders are found in the world's laboratories and pet aquariums in their hundreds of thousands. The species is biologically fascinating - it has the remarkable ability to regrow any part of its body that is damaged or lost. So there is research underway to understand whether that ability could be harnessed medically.

But in the murky wetlands of Mexico City, there is still a great deal of work to do to clean up and restore the habitat, and to give the wild axolotl a chance to recover.

"Many animals are losing their habitat around the world," said Dr Ramos. "And restoration projects are not easy, but they can be done - they just need a lot of people.

"You don't need to be a scientist to get involved - everybody in the world can help out."

David Schneider The scene shows a green, farmed landscape with waterways running through it. There are small, traditional farms called chinampas in the foreground and mountains in the background. This is the native habitat of the Mexican axolotlDavid Schneider
The hope is that Xochimilco can be restored and the axolotl brought back to its native home

Storm Leaves Thousands Without Power in Northeast, U.S. and Canada

1 May 2025 at 04:12
The storm system brought destructive winds to the state, knocking down trees and power lines.

© Lucy Schaly/The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, via Associated Press

Students left school during a storm in McDonald, Pa., on Tuesday. The National Weather Service reported “a large swath of destructive wind damage” across the area that evening.

As N.J. Transit Strike Looms, Riders Are Warned to Prepare for ‘Chaos’

1 May 2025 at 02:13
Tens of thousands of New Jersey commuters are being told that they may need to work from home if train engineers go on strike.

© Bryan Anselm for The New York Times

A rail strike would be the first in New Jersey in more than 40 years.

South Africa sets up inquiry into apartheid prosecutions

1 May 2025 at 00:46
Getty Images Four men walk towards the camera, smiling, in an old black-and-white photographGetty Images
The alleged killers of Fort Calata (second from right) and Matthew Goniwe (far right) have never been prosecuted

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa has announced a judicial inquiry into allegations of political interference in the prosecution of apartheid-era crimes.

The announcement comes three decades after the end of white-minority rule - and after a group of survivors and victims' relatives sued Ramaphosa's government over a perceived lack of justice.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), set up in 1996, uncovered apartheid-era atrocities like murder and torture, but few of these cases progressed to trial.

Announcing the new inquiry, a presidential statement said Ramaphosa is "determined that the true facts be established and the matter brought to finality".

The investigation is the outcome of settlement discussions in a high court case brought by 25 families and survivors.

The group, which is suing the government for damages worth $9m (£6.8m), says apartheid-era crimes were never properly investigated by the governments that came after the racist system.

Plaintiffs include the son of Fort Calata who, among a group of anti-apartheid activists who came to be known as the Cradock Four, was burnt and killed by security forces in 1985.

Their murder of the four men sparked outrage across the country and six former police officers eventually confessed their involvement to the TRC. They were denied amnesty by the commission, but were never taken to court. All six officers have since died.

For years, critics have alleged that the post-apartheid leadership of the African National Congress (ANC) formed a secret deal with the former white-minority government in order to prevent prosecutions. The ANC has denied this.

On Wednesday, the presidency acknowledged that "allegations of improper influence in delaying or hindering the investigation and prosecution of apartheid-era crimes have persisted from previous administrations".

The head of the inquiry, along with its timetable, will soon be announced.

You may also be interested in:

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Wildfires in Israel Force Towns Near Jerusalem to Evacuate

1 May 2025 at 02:07
The fires interrupted memorial day ceremonies, and Israel’s top firefighter called the blazes “one of the toughest events” he has faced.

© Oren Ben Hakoon/Reuters

A helicopter dropping water to fight a wildfire near Latrun, Israel, on Wednesday.

Torture and Secret C.I.A. Prisons Haunt 9/11 Case in Judge’s Ruling

29 April 2025 at 22:16
Prosecutors have said they will appeal the decision, although they lost a similar appeal this year.

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

A member of the military at the Camp 5 detention center at Guantánamo Bay during a media tour in 2019.

Harvey Weinstein Pushed, Grabbed and Then Attacked, Witness Testifies in NYC Trial

1 May 2025 at 00:58
Miriam Haley is the first to testify of the three women whose accusations are at the center of the disgraced producer’s retrial on sex abuse charges.

© Jefferson Siegel for The New York Times

Harvey Weinstein faces charges of first-degree criminal sexual act and third-degree rape in his New York retrial after his earlier conviction there was overturned.

Video shows felling of much-loved tree, jury told

30 April 2025 at 23:17
Watch the video shown to jurors

Mobile phone footage which prosecutors claim shows the moment the "iconic" Sycamore Gap tree was felled has been shown to jurors.

The tree had stood for more than 100 years in a dip on Hadrian's Wall in Northumberland before it was felled in a "moronic mission" in the early hours of 28 September 2023, Newcastle Crown Court has heard.

Daniel Michael Graham, 39, from Carlisle and Adam Carruthers, 32, from Wigton in Cumbria, each deny two counts of criminal damage relating to the tree and the Roman wall.

Jurors were told the tree was a much-loved feature in Northumberland and had global significance for its position on the former frontier of the Roman empire.

Nick Lewis Sketch of the two defendants. Graham on the left has a white shirt, short fair hair and a ginger beard, Carruthers on the right has short fair hair, is clean shaven and wearing a black suit jacket and tie with a white shirtNick Lewis
Daniel Graham and Adam Carruthers deny criminal damage

On the night of 27 September, Mr Carruthers and Mr Graham made a 40-minute drive in the latter's Range Rover from Cumbria to chop the tree down, prosecutors allege.

While one used a chainsaw to fell the tree, the other filmed the act of "mindless" vandalism on Mr Graham's mobile phone, jurors have heard.

The pair then took the wedge cut out of the trunk home as a "trophy" and revelled in the public's outrage over the following days, the court has heard.

National Trust A large sycamore tree with a thick green canopy stands in a natural dip between two hills, with an old stone wall running along the ridgewayNational Trust
The tree had been planted on Hadrian's Wall in the 1800s

In statements read to the jury, staff from the National Trust, which had owned the site since the 1940s, and Historic England emphasised the importance of the tree and wall.

Tony Wilmott, a senior archaeologist for Historic England, said Sycamore Gap got its name in the 1980s from the tree in the cleft of the wall.

He said the site was "picturesque" and had become one of the "most prominent and appreciated features" in Northumberland, a symbol of the county with an unmistakeable profile.

The place had become "totemic", he said, adding it was a place of marriage proposals, family visits and even location of ashes for deceased individuals.

"In short, the place is much loved by many thousands of people," Mr Wilmott said, adding its reputation was "spread worldwide" by its inclusion in the 1992 film Robin Hood Prince of Thieves.

PA Media The felled Sycamore Gap tree which has fallen over a section of Hadrian's Wall into the field behind. The bottom of the cut trunk is resting on the stone wall. The stump is on the other side of it surrounding by police tape.PA Media
The Sycamore Gap tree was felled in September 2023

Lee McFarlane, an inspector of ancient monuments for Historic England, said it was "fortunate" the tree was fully in leaf at the time as the canopy bore the brunt of the impact and weight of the fallen tree.

Several stones of the Unesco World Heritage Site wall had been broken though, she added.

Ian Everard of the Forestry Commission said the tree had been deliberately cut using a "hinge-and-wedge" technique so it would fall across the wall, adding it was "unequivocally obvious" where it would end up.

The National Trust said the wall would cost £1,144 to repair while Historic England said the staff hours spent in assessing the damage ran up a bill of more than £6,000.

Jurors also saw body-worn footage from the first police officer at the scene, who arrived at about 11:30 on 28 September and said park rangers were "visibly shocked and upset."

Andrew Pode, the National Trust's general manager for Northumberland coast and Hadrian's Wall, said the tree was "world famous" and had been "unlawfully felled", adding: "No-one had the right or permission to cause damage to the tree."

Mr Pode said the "iconic" tree had been planted in the 1800s by previous landowner John Clayton to be a "feature in the landscape", with the National Trust taking it over on 10 December 1942.

Alice Whysall-Price The sycamore tree stands in the gap of the wall. It is a grey day with thick clouds behindAlice Whysall-Price
Alice Whysall-Price's photo is believed to be the last one taken of the tree before it was felled

Jurors were shown a photo taken by Alice Whysall-Price, a holidaymaker out for a walk, who is believed to have been the last person to take a picture of the tree intact, the court heard.

In a statement read to the court, Ms Whysall-Price said she arrived at the tree at about 17:20 on 27 September while walking the length of Hadrian's Wall.

She said the weather was "awful" with wind and rain while a storm was anticipated.

The court also heard Mr Graham's mobile phone and Range Rover were tracked to and from the site and the metadata of the felling video showed it had been filmed at the spot of the tree.

A forensic botanist, Dr Mark Spencer, examined the picture of the wedge of wood in Mr Graham's car, which prosecutors said the pair had taken as a "trophy", and concluded there was "very strong evidence" it had come from the tree with no other possible source identified, the court heard.

The defendants shared screenshots of Facebook posts and media reports in the aftermath, with Mr Graham saying the felling had gone "viral" and "worldwide", the court heard.

The trial continues.

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Man dismembered couple and took remains to bridge in suitcases, jury told

30 April 2025 at 22:21
 Albert Alfonso/Flickr Yostin Mosquera, 34, Paul Longworth, 71 and Albert Alfonso, 62, on a boat in Colombia. Mr Longworth and Mr Alfonso are both wearing red T-shirts whereas Mr Mosquera has a black T-shirt on. In the background is the sea and land to the right. Albert Alfonso/Flickr
Yostin Mosquera, 34, Albert Alfonso, 62, and Paul Longworth, 71, pictured on a boat in Colombia

A man murdered a couple, dismembered their bodies and then froze some of their remains before taking the rest in suitcases to the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, a court has heard.

Yostin Andres Mosquera filmed himself having sex with Albert Alfonso, 62, and stabbed him to death, having earlier killed Paul Longworth, 71, the prosecution said.

Mr Mosquera, 35, denies the murder of both men at their flat in Shepherd's Bush, west London, between 8 and 10 July last year.

He admitted the manslaughter of Mr Alfonso during a hearing at the Old Bailey on Tuesday, however the prosecution rejected this plea.

This article contains material that some people may find distressing.

The court heard the defendant told a cyclist who had stopped to ask if he was lost that he had car parts inside a large red suitcase and a large silver trunk.

Deanna Heer KC, prosecuting, told the court the suitcases contained the decapitated and dismembered bodies of Mr Longworth and Mr Alfonso.

Other body parts were found by police in a chest freezer at their flat in Shepherd's Bush.

Mr Longworth had been attacked with a hammer to the back of his head and Mr Alfonso had been repeatedly stabbed, the court heard.

The pair were in a long-term relationship and a year before their death, had entered into a civil partnership together, the prosecution told the Jury.

Internet searches

The court heard the defendant and another man, known under a pseudonym as James Smith, were both paid by Mr Afonso to perform degrading sexual acts which were often filmed and posted online.

The court heard there were also times when the victims and the defendant went on trips together.

The prosecution alleges Mr Mosquera killed both men on 8 July 2024 at their home in Shepherd's Bush, killing Mr Longworth first and then hiding his body in the storage section of Mr Longworth's bed.

The court also heard the defendant had searched on the internet for the value of the victims' home.

Mr Mosquera, a Colombian national, sat in the dock and listened to proceedings with the help of an interpreter.

The trial continues.

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Hackers target the Co-op as police investigate major cyber attack on M&S

30 April 2025 at 23:23
Alamy A shelf stacker in Co-opAlamy

The Co-op has shut down parts of its IT systems in response to hackers attempting to gain access to them.

The Co-op said the "proactive measures" it had taken to fend off the attack had had a "small impact" on its call centre and back office.

Meanwhile, The Metropolitan Police has confirmed it's looking into the the major cyber attack at fellow retailer Marks & Spencer (M&S).

"Detectives from the Met's cyber crime unit are investigating," it confirmed in a statement

There are more than 2,500 Co-op supermarkets in the UK, as well as 800 funeral homes. It also provides food to Nisa shops.

A spokesperson confirmed its shops and funeral homes were operating as usual following the attempted hack.

"We are working hard to reduce any disruption to our services and would like to thank our colleagues, members, partners and suppliers for their understanding during this period," they said.

"We are not asking our members or customers to do anything differently at this point."

It comes as M&S enters the second week of a cyber attack that has caused chaos costing it millions of pounds in lost sales.

The retailer has not said what took out its online ordering systems and left empty shelves in stores, but the BBC has been told by security experts that ransomware called DragonForce was used.

Ciaran Martin, the founding Chief Executive of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), told the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 on Wednesday it had "serious" consequences for M&S.

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Badenoch accuses government of failure on grooming gangs

30 April 2025 at 23:50
Watch: Leaders clash over grooming scandal

Kemi Badenoch has accused the government of breaking its promise to set up five local inquiries into grooming gangs despite pledging to do so.

The Conservative leader said Sir Keir Starmer had promised £5m to fund five locally-led investigations into grooming gangs but delivered just one, in Oldham.

During Prime Ministers Questions, Badenoch suggested the Sir Keir was "dragging his heels" on inquiries to shield Labour-run councils from scandal.

Sir Keir said Labour were "investing more in delivering truth and justice" for victims of grooming gangs than the Conservatives had during "14 long years" in power.

Ministers have been facing growing demands to reveal which areas are running grooming gang inquires alongside the review in Oldham, and a three-month audit of national evidence being led by government troubleshooter Baroness Louise Casey.

Earlier this month Tom Crowther, the barrister helping to develop the schemes, suggested local inquiries into grooming gangs had stalled since they were announced in January.

Crowther, who chaired the inquiry into child sex abuse in Telford, Shropshire, gave evidence to the Commons Home Affairs Committee at the start of April and told MPs he had asked a government official "do you still want me?"

The issue was again raised in the Commons on Monday, when Safeguarding Minister Jess Phillips told MPs she expected there to be more than five local inquires.

Labour was focusing on ensuring "there is a local process of accountability that actually changes things on the ground", Phillips told MPs.

During a heated PMQs exchange, Badenoch sought to tie grooming gang inquiries to the local elections, a series of councils and mayoral votes across England on Thursday.

The Tory leader said voters faced a choice of "chaos and cover-ups under Labour councils or better services under the Conservatives".

Badenoch repeatedly asked Sir Keir for an update on the local inquires. When he did not respond, she said he "cannot name a single place because nothing is happening".

She questioned whether the prime minister was "dragging his heels" on local inquiries into grooming gangs because he "doesn't want Labour cover-ups exposed", adding that the inquiries hadn't started because "local authorities don't want to investigate themselves".

A national inquiry was needed as local probes "cannot force witnesses to appear" and "cannot force people to give evidence under oath", Badenoch said.

Sir Keir accused Badenoch of "staying silent" on the issue in government while he "oversaw the first grooming gang prosecution" as Director of Public Prosecutions.

He told the Commons: "I was the prosecutor who brought the first case.

"On the back of that I then changed the entire approach to prosecutions, which was then lauded by the government that we were doing the right thing, and brought those prosecutions."

In contrast to the Conservatives, Labour were "implementing existing recommendations" of the 2022 national inquiry into child sexual abuse and "providing for local inquiries", he said.

For more than a decade there has been a series of high-profile cases where groups of men, predominantly of Pakistani descent, were convicted of sexually abusing and raping mainly white girls in the UK.

In 2022, Prof Alexis Jay published the conclusions of a seven-year national inquiry into child sexual abuse, which investigated abuse in churches and schools, as well as by grooming gangs.

The Conservative have been calling for a second national inquiry into grooming gangs since the issue was thrust back into the spotlight by tech billionaire Elon Musk at the start of the year.

The proposal was backed by opposition MPs, as well as some Labour figures including Rotherham MP Sarah Champion alongside Labour mayor of Greater Manchester Andy Burnham.

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文革系列(132):毛林斗法的序幕

By: 孙诚
1 May 2025 at 01:10

一、文革前夕和爆发后的毛林关系

大家好,欢迎大家收听《纵横大历史》,我是主持人孙诚。今天,让我们来继续进行文革历史系列节目。

在上一讲中,我们谈到了刘少奇的毁灭。然而,这件事只能说是历史的一个逗号。在刘少奇终结之后,毛泽东和他的“接班人”林彪之间的矛盾,就快速浮现了出来。

如我们之前所讲过的,在文革爆发前,林彪可以说是毛泽东的铁杆盟友。在1962年的七千人大会上,是林彪对毛泽东进行了不遗余力的支持,使毛泽东在面临大饥荒造成的地位危机时,有了一个强力的帮手。在这之后,毛泽东也对林彪投桃报李,毛林两个人大型“商业互吹”,发动了所谓“全国人民学解放军”、军队学毛泽东著作的运动。文革中随处可见的毛语录,也就是俗称的“红宝书”,就产生于军队学毛著。在文革爆发后,林彪所代表的军人势力对毛泽东进行了强力的支持,毛泽东也对林彪进行了很多支持,与林彪一同清洗了军队中的不少非林彪系的势力。1966年5月的罗瑞卿倒台、1967年5月的“五一三”事件及其导致的中共军内造反派被清洗,以及1968年3月的杨余傅事件,都是其中的重要例子。到1968年10月的中共八届十二中全会,毛泽东宣布对曾任中共中央军委第二副主席的贺龙也“不保了”,而贺龙也是和林彪素有恩怨的人物。在这之后,身患糖尿病的贺龙于1969年6月被注射了葡萄糖液,随后死去。

不过,毛泽东在此期间对于林彪也绝非完全信任。在1967年7月,林彪曾与当时的毛派红人王力结合起来,大张旗鼓地对中共军内的非林系山头进行所谓的“揪军内一小撮”运动。然而,随着1967年8月毛泽东抛弃王力、关锋、戚本禹等人,这次“揪军内一小撮”也不了了之。

事实上,在文革爆发后的两三年里,林彪以及整个中共军队的势力膨胀得相当厉害。1968年9月5日,随着新疆革委会的成立,当时中共治下的29个省、自治区、直辖市都成立了革命委员会。而在这29个革委会中,由军人担任革委会主任的有20个之多。在1968年10月中共八届十二中全会通过的中共新党章草案上,更是加上了“林彪同志一贯高举毛泽东思想伟大红旗,最忠诚,最坚定地执行和捍卫毛泽东同志的无产阶级革命路线。林彪同志是毛泽东同志的亲密战友和接班人”这样的表述。其后,在1969年4月1日至24日的中共九大上,中共新党章正式通过,林彪也就正式地戴上了毛泽东“接班人”的头衔。然而,也就在这时,毛泽东和林彪之间已经产生了虽然表面上没有说破,但实际上已经很激烈的冲突。

自古以来,强势的君主和太子之间的关系往往都以一地鸡毛收场,汉武帝、康熙帝与他们的太子间的恩怨都是典型例子。“接班人”的头衔绝不能说是稳固了林彪的地位,反而把他放在了一个很危险的位置。更何况,林彪这个“太子”这个时候的权势很盛,这就更会引起毛泽东的猜忌。此外,毛林两人这时在政见上也产生了裂痕——这一裂痕的直观反映,就是中共九大政治报告的起草之争。

二、围绕中共九大政治报告的毛林斗法

1969年2月1日,在中共中央的碰头会上,毛泽东指定了陈伯达负责起草中共九大报告,张春桥、姚文元也被要求参与其中。接到这个任务的当天,陈伯达就让他的秘书搜集经济建设方面的资料,并且对他的秘书表示“运动不能再搞了,现在的主要任务是抓生产了,经过一场政治上的大革命,必然要掀起生产上的大跃进。”接着,在2月7日的又一场会议上,毛泽东又表示“政治报告由陈伯达牵头起草,张春桥、姚文元参加,林彪挂帅”。

在这之后,林彪曾把陈伯达、张春桥、姚文元三人叫道自己家里开会,表示报告的内容他自己不多过问,由陈伯达来考虑。在这之后,陈伯达写了一个名为《为把我国建设成为强大的社会主义国家而奋斗》的提纲——这个提纲光是听一听名字,就能感到一种明显的“以经济建设为中心”味道——接着又和林彪进行了一次商议,再对提纲加以修改,然后写了一个报告,将它附上提纲交给了毛泽东。

然而,对于陈伯达写出的政治报告,毛泽东并不满意。1969年3月12日,毛泽东召集了中央文革碰头会成员开会,在会上亲口表示:“是不是请你们三位:康(生)、张(春桥)、姚(文元)三位。”“两家各搞各。”并在会上点出了他心目中的报告主题,说:“总之,要提出矛盾来,无产阶级、资产阶级斗争,为什么要搞文化大革命。阻碍群众运动,就是有这个东西,相当严重。”

在这种情况下,表面上看发生的只是对一份政治报告应该怎么写的问题,实际上背后却充满了隐隐的火药味。在这种情况下,老奸巨猾的康生推掉了写报告的任务,于是起草中共九大报告的任务就转到了张春桥、姚文元的手里。这件事情令林彪相当不满,因为陈伯达的报告可以说是林、陈两个人商量着做出来的,背后反映的则是他们在此时的政治态度,也就是希望执行一条“以经济建设为中心”的政治路线。

接下来,这些中共大员们讨论了张春桥起草的报告。在讨论中,陈伯达言辞激烈地表示:“还是要发展生产,搞好生产,提高劳动生产率,不能尽搞运动、运动。“毛泽东则是反唇相讥道:“君子报仇,十年不晚。否定了你的报告,你陈伯达不到半个月就反攻了。帝国主义的本性是不会改变的,马列主义的本性是不会改变的,你陈伯达的本性也是不会改变的!”这样,陈伯达的报告就再也没有翻盘的希望了。随着张春桥、姚文元开始起草报告,林彪曾经表示:“写什么就是什么,我林彪一字不改”,不满之情可谓是溢于言表。

最终,在1969年4月1日,中共九大召开,林彪宣读了张春桥、姚文元写下的政治报告,这份政治报告里表示,这次大会是“在毛主席亲自发动和领导的无产阶级文化大革命取得了伟大胜利的时刻召开的”,文革作为一场“上层建筑领域中的大革命,同一切革命一样,根本问题是政权问题,是领导权掌握在哪个阶级手里的问题。”随着各省、市、自治区成立了革委会,“标志着这个革命取得了伟大的、决定性的胜利。但是革命并没有结束。无产阶级需要继续前进,‘认真搞好斗、批、改’,把上层建筑领域中的社会主义革命进行到底。”

这份报告中所提到的“斗、批、改”,就是文革的纲领性文件、在1966年8月由中共八届十一中全会推出的《十六条》中所说的一段话:

“我们的目的是斗垮走资本主义道路的当权派,批判资产阶级的反动学术‘权威’,批判资产阶级和一切剥削阶级的意识形成,改革教育,改革文艺,改革一切不适应社会主义经济基础的上层建筑,以利于巩固和发展社会主义制度。”

也就是说,按照张春桥、姚文元所写的政治报告,中共九大的召开并不意味着文革式政治的终结。正如这份报告所说,尽管文革已经取得了胜利,“但是革命并没有结束”。

一段广泛流传的现存影像资料,展示了中共九大上非常耐人寻味的一幕。镜头中,在林彪面无表情地读了张春桥、姚文元写下的政治报告后,毛泽东有些戏谑地对与会者们说:“林彪同志所作的政治报告,赞成不赞成啊?”会场上随即响起一片掌声,而毛泽东则在掌声中说:“赞成的举手!”并举起了自己的手。会场上的人们,包括坐在毛泽东两边的林彪、周恩来,也都拿着俗称“红宝书”的毛语录举起了手。接着,毛泽东站起来环视会场,而后皮笑肉不笑地说道:“通过!”会场之上,则是响起了疯狂至极的喊声“毛主席万岁”。在了解了中共九大报告起草之争这一背景后,我们如果再来回顾一下这个历史场景,就能通过毛泽东、林彪在当时的表现,想象出毛泽东那时候内心的一种病态“快乐”和林彪心中的郁闷。

三、林彪一系仍然实力强劲

中共九大也产生了新一届的中共中央政治局委员,其中常委只有5人,排在头两位的是毛泽东、林彪,另外三位则是按照姓氏的笔划排列,依次是陈伯达、周恩来和康生。总的来说,尽管林彪、陈伯达在政治报告起草问题上吃了一个大亏,但他们依然在五常委中占据着两个位置。除此之外,这次会议也产生了21名中共中央政治局委员,其中除了毛泽东之外的铁杆毛派包括江青、张春桥、姚文元、谢富治等4人,除了林彪之外的铁杆则有叶群、李作鹏、吴法宪、邱会作、黄永胜等5人,此外还要加上在当时正靠向林彪的陈伯达。

随着新一届中共中央政治局的成立,中央文革小组宣告取消。但是,1968年3月以来接替中共中央军委常委工作的军委办事组依然在活动,实际上管理着军队。在1969年5月刚刚开完中共九大时,这一办事组的组长是黄永胜,副组长是吴法宪,叶群、李作鹏、邱会作这几个林派大将也都身在其中。尽管铁杆毛派谢富治当时也是这一办事组的成员,但总体来说,这个办事组实际上是林彪一系的天下。

总的来说,随着中共九大的召开,林彪一系的势头仍然非常强劲。尽管林系人马在政治报告起草问题上输了一阵,但他们很快就展开了首次反击。这次反击的发生时间,是中共九大的最后一天,也就是1969年4月24日产生中共中央委员的时候。

感谢大家,这个星期就先讲到这里。

© AP

1969年10月,中国共产党主席毛泽东在北京人民大会堂出席人民解放军招待会,林彪也出席了招待会。

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