Normal view
Family reunion rules to be tightened in asylum cases


Home Secretary Yvette Cooper is to announce details of a tightening of rules for migrants who have been granted asylum bringing their families to the UK.
As MPs return to Westminster, Cooper will also set out reforms to the asylum appeals system.
When a person is granted asylum in the UK, they can apply to bring their family too but Cooper believes changes to policies across Europe mean the UK is now out of kilter with its neighbours and restrictions are needed.
In the Commons this afternoon she is expected to set out the criteria that family members will need to meet - including tougher English language standards and access to sufficient funds.
Cooper will also say she intends to bring forward new legislation to reform the asylum appeals system.
In August 55 small boats crossed the Channel. It was the lowest figure for the month since 2019.
Yet the smuggling gangs seem to be putting more people on each boat - last month there was an average of 65 individuals per vessel.
The Conservatives say "Labour's claim to have smashed the gangs is completely discredited".
Reform UK say the "government's words aren't matching the reality".
Cooper will say the government's overhaul of a "broken" asylum system seeks to end the use of hotels for migrants arriving on small boats - an issue which has led to protests in recent months.
She will also highlight the National Crime Agency's efforts in tackling people smugglers, saying it led 347 disruptions of immigration crime networks in 2024-25 - the highest level on record and a 40% increase on the previous 12 months.
On Friday the Appeal Court overturned a temporary injunction which would have prevented the Home Office from housing asylum seekers at the Bell Hotel in Epping and it was seen as a possible precedent for legal challenges elsewhere.
Epping Forest District Council will meet later on Monday to decide its next course of action, including whether to take its attempt to prevent the hotel being used for asylum seekers to the Supreme Court.
In the Commons, the home secretary is expected to say the NCA efforts have led to "a significant and long term impact" on people smugglers.
The government's planned reforms to the asylum system announced in the last few weeks include a new independent body prioritising cases involving asylum accommodation and foreign national offenders within 24 weeks, and a new fast track appeals process.
Cooper will also give an update on the UK's returns deal with France, where some migrants arriving in the UK on small boats crossing the English Channel will be detained and returned under a pilot scheme lasting 11 months.
She is expected to announce that the first deportations to France are due to take place in the coming weeks.
"Our action to strengthen border security, increase returns and overhaul the broken asylum system are putting much stronger foundations in place so we can fix the chaos we inherited and end costly asylum hotels," she will tell the Commons.
Cooper will say the UK has a "proud record of giving sanctuary to those fleeing persecution" but the system "needs to be properly controlled and managed".
Shadow home secretary Chris Philp said the government had "lost control" and was "engulfed in a fully fledged borders crisis".
He said Cooper's statement was a "desperate distraction tactic", and pointed to the rise in asylum seekers being housed in hotels under the Labour government and the record number of arrivals in small boats so far this year.
A Reform UK spokesman said: "We have seen a record number of crossings since Labour came to power last year with no signs of it slowing."
Reform, they added, had a "detailed plan to deport over 600,000 illegal migrants" in its first term in office if elected. Labour sided "with foreign courts and outdated treaties" while Reform were "on the side of the British people".


A full High Court hearing to decide on a permanent injunction for The Bell Hotel is expected in mid-October.
The government says it plans to stop using hotels for asylum seekers by the end of this Parliament.
Ministers said the judgement on the legal challenge on the Bell Hotel, which was brought by lawyers for the Home Office and The Bell Hotel, would allow the government to do so "in a planned and orderly fashion".
But some councils say they are still pursuing legal action to stop asylum seekers from being housed in hotels in their areas.
Reform UK said all 12 councils it controlled should explore legal options to stop asylum seekers being housed in local hotels.
Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch urged Tory-run councils pursuing legal action to "keep going" and said advice would be issued to all Conservative councillors following the ruling.
The protests at the Bell Hotel began after an asylum seeker housed there was arrested and subsequently charged with several offences, including an alleged sexual assault on a 14-year-old girl.
Protests against the housing of asylum seekers at hotels - as well as counter-protests - continued to take place across England and Scotland at the weekend including in Epping, London, Gloucester, Portsmouth, Warrington, Norwich and Falkirk.
British woman stabbed to death in Cambodia - police


A 34-year-old British woman has been stabbed to death in the Cambodian capital, Phnom Penh, local police say.
The victim was reportedly found with stab wounds in a garden in the Chamkar Mon district south of the city centre on Friday.
A woman, also a foreign national, has been arrested by the authorities in connection with the death.
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office told BBC News: "We are supporting the family of a British woman who has died in Cambodia and are in contact with the local authorities."
Local media say police spent around 17 hours investigating before making the arrest.
The British woman was reportedly renting a house in the city.
Camilla fought off attacker with shoe as teenager, book says


Queen Camilla was the victim of an attempted indecent assault as a teenager, according to a new book about the Royal Family. The Queen is said to have fought off her attacker using the heel of her shoe.
The attempted assault is recounted in Power and the Palace by the former Royal editor of the Times newspaper, Valentine Low.
He says the Queen told Boris Johnson the story of her experience in 2008 when he was mayor of London.
It is reported that the Queen was 16 or 17 years old when the incident happened on a train to Paddington Station.
The man is said to have been touching the teenage Camilla Shand when she took off her shoe and hit him with it.
It was, she told Johnson, something her mother had told her to do if she ever found herself in that situation.
When she arrived in London, she reported the incident to station staff and the man was arrested.
Buckingham Palace has made no official statement on the story but is not disputing the details of the account.
Much of the Queen's public work in recent years has been supporting the victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and rape.
She is patron of the charity SafeLives and has visited women's refuges and rape crisis centres across the UK and globally.
In a number of powerful speeches, she has spoken of the courage of those who have experienced domestic violence and why they should not feel fear or stigma in coming forward.
In a speech in 2020 she said: "Through my work, I have talked to many women who have lived with coercive control and domestic violence and, thankfully, come out at the other end as the victors not the victims.
"They are some of the bravest people I have ever met. Their stories are harrowing and have reduced even the toughest of their listeners to tears. That is why it is so vital that these survivors should no longer feel any shame or any blame."
And at a reception at Clarence House in April for SafeLives, she spoke of domestic abuse.
"I would not be standing here if it was 10 years ago because we wouldn't have been talking about it - it was a taboo subject. Nobody actually wanted to talk about it.
"But now 10 years later we've got survivors telling their story who years ago would've been too ashamed to come forward to tell their stories, but now they'll get up and talk and inspire others to talk."
Sources close to the Queen say she has not gone public with the attempted attack before to avoid drawing attention to her experience rather than to the victims she now works with.
They also say this episode did not motivate the Queen to get involved in supporting domestic violence organisations as that work stemmed from hearing victims stories over the years.
Royal sources also say if discussion around the Queen's past experience helps destigmatise what far too many girls still suffer today, then that would be a positive from what was a negative episode.
Details of help and support with child sexual abuse and sexual abuse or violence are available in the UK at BBC Action Line.
Former NYC Mayor Rudy Giuliani injured in car accident


Former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani has been injured in a car accident in the US state of New Hampshire, his security guard has said.
Giuliani's car was struck from behind at high speed while travelling on a highway, according to a statement posted on social media.
"He was diagnosed with a fractured thoracic vertebrae, multiple lacerations and contusions, as well as injuries to his left arm and lower leg," the statement from security guard Michael Ragusa says.
Giuliani, 81, became known as "America's Mayor" after leading New York through 9/11. He later became an adviser and then personal lawyer to Donald Trump, though the two have since parted ways.
Giuliani was taken to a nearby hospital for treatment, Mr Ragusa said.
The incident happened shortly after Giuliani had helped an alleged victim of domestic violence who had flagged him down on a road, his statement added.
"Mayor Giuliani immediately rendered assistance and contacted 911."
The BBC has approached local police for comment.
The thoracic vertebrae form the middle section of the spine, while lascerations and contusions are deep cuts and bruises, respectively.
First elected New York City mayor in 1993, Giuliani was in charge at the time of the 11 September attack on the World Trade Center in 2001.
In 2008, he made an unsuccessful run for US president, and later became one of Trump's adviser during the latter's 2016 campaign. He joined Trump's personal legal team in 2018 and remained a part of it through to the 2020 election.
In the aftermath of Joe Biden's 2020 election victory over Trump, Giuliani spread baseless claims the election was stolen.
Earlier this year, he reached a tentative settlement with two former election workers who won $148m (£120m) in damages after they successfully sued him for defamation over false election fraud claims.
世界著名统计学家刘军归国全职加盟清华大学
美国科学院院士、国际著名统计学家刘军受聘为清华大学全职教授,在人工智能大背景下推动清华统计学、数据科学等学科快速发展。
据清华新闻网消息,清华大学在星期六(8月30日)为刘军举行“清华大学兴华卓越讲席教授”聘任仪式。
清华大学校长李路明说,期待刘军全职加盟清华后,充分发挥自身广泛的学术影响力,抢抓以人工智能为引领的第四次工业革命机遇,推动清华统计学、数据科学等学科建设不断迈上新台阶。
刘军表示,他在清华园出生、长大,如今跨越一甲子选择回来,是对教育科研事业的热爱,也是家国情怀的召唤。
他指出,统计与数据科学作为人工智能发展的重要基石,具有广阔的发展前景。他未来将尽己所能推动清华统计学、数据科学等学科实现快速发展,助力统计与数据科学系建设,成为国内外知名的产学研一体化学术重镇。
公开资料显示,刘军是清华附中校友,1985年取得北京大学数学学士学位后赴美深造,自2000年起担任美国哈佛大学统计系终身教授。刘军在2025年当选美国国家科学院院士。
刘军从2005年起担任清华大学客座教授,2015年主导创建清华大学统计学研究中心,并于2024年帮助清华大学建立了统计与数据科学系。
赵怡翔李问任台国安会副秘书长
台湾总统府公布国家安全会议新任人事,总统特聘原国安会副秘书长徐斯俭及副秘书长刘得金出任咨询委员,民进党台北市议员赵怡翔、总统府发言人李问接任国安会副秘书长职务。
台湾总统府星期一(9月1日)发布新闻稿,总统府发言人郭雅慧说 ,为强化国际、区域情势、境外敌对势力渗透及灰色地带挑战的因应,总统赖清德任命这四位国安团队新职,并称有关任命即日起生效。
总统府称,徐斯俭为现任国安会副秘书长,曾任外交部政务次长、台湾民主基金会执行长、中研院政治学研究所副研究员等,学术及实务历练完整,娴熟外交、两岸政治等事务;刘得金为现任国安会副秘书长,曾任国防部总督察长、陆军副司令、陆军第八军团指挥官等,经历丰厚,熟稔国际军事合作、情报研判与国防战略分析。
郭雅慧说,他们两人过去数年襄赞前总统蔡英文,以及赖清德办理相关国安事务成果卓著,深获肯定。
总统府也在新闻稿中说,赵怡翔为现任台北市议员,毕业于加拿大约克大学政治系,并于英国伦敦大学伯贝克学院取得国际经济法硕士学位,曾任民进党国际事务部主任、美国战略暨国际研究中心(CSIS)兼任研究员、驻美国代表处政治组组长等职,并曾于总统府、国安会及外交部历练服务,长期参与外交及国际政治事务,实务经验丰富;李问为现任总统府发言人,毕业于台湾大学人类学系,并赴美国芝加哥大学取得社会科学硕士学位,曾任民进党国际事务部主任、民进党连江县党部主委、中央党部发言人、中国事务部副主任,并曾任职于国安会及远景基金会,长年关注安全战略及国际沟通等事务。
另一方面,总统府也在星期一发布新闻稿,任命郑俊升出任总统府副秘书长,即日起生效。郭雅慧说,郑俊升过去曾担任民进党中央党部民调中心主任,以及蔡英文办公室秘书,专精民意调查,及娴熟公共政策、政府政务推动。
中国20省生育津贴直接发放至个人
中国目前有20个省份、近八成的统筹区实现将生育津贴直接发放至个人。
中国国家医疗保障局星期一(9月1日)在网站公布,自6月以来,河北、浙江、吉林、云南、河南等省相继在全省展开生育津贴发放至个人。四川省也于近日正式发文,9月1日起在全省实现生育津贴直达个人。
公告指出,国家医保局持续调度推进生育津贴直接发放至个人,切实提升群众的获得感与满意度。
目前,包括河北、山西、内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、上海、浙江、福建、山东、河南、湖北、海南、重庆、四川、云南、西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆生产建设兵团在内的全国20个省份,即近八成统筹区全面实现生育津贴直接发放至个人。
包括北京市在内的部分省市则将生育津贴发放至单位。
另外,中国7月28日公布《育儿补贴制度实施方案》,决定自2025年1月1日起,对符合法律法规规定生育的三周岁以下婴幼儿发放补贴,每个孩童每年3600元(人民币,约645新元),直至孩童年满三周岁。
发售不到一个月 特斯拉在华下调Model 3长续航版售价
美国电动车巨头特斯拉在中国销售的Model 3长续航后轮驱动版车型,在发售不到一个月后下调价格。
据凤凰网科技报道,特斯拉官方商城星期一(9月1日)显示,Model 3长续航后轮驱动版车型现已降价至25.95万元(人民币,下同,4.67万新元)。
报道称,这款车型在8月12日正式发布,是特斯拉当前续航最强的车型,当时的售价是26.95万元起。这意味着,发售不到一个月即降价1万元。
彭博社早前报道,尽管中国官方在6月呼吁避免“恶性竞争”,数据显示,面对产能过剩和消费者信心低迷,七家汽车品牌仍加大了折扣力度。其余品牌则略微缩减或维持了原有折扣。7月份整体促销仍高于去年同期。
中国销量最高的比亚迪在5月底大幅降价,引起官方密切关注。
但比亚迪在7月份的调整微乎其微,平均折扣率仅从6月的7.9%降至7.5%。
彭博智库分析,直接规范零售定价有一定难度,车商很可能避免直接宣布下调标价,但仍有其他促销手段可用,例如免息贷款、免费家用充电桩、豪华座椅等舱内升级服务,以及联网免费数据流量。
中国百强房企8月销售持续下滑
中国百强房地产企业今年8月的实现销售操盘金额同比降低17.6%,房价下跌以及两大一线城市加码楼市刺激未能提振需求。
克而瑞地产研究星期天(8月31日)在官方微信公众号公布的数据显示,今年8月,百强房企实现销售操盘金额2070.4亿元(人民币,下同,372.84亿新元),环比降低1.9%,同比降低17.6%,同比降幅相对于7月收窄了6.7个百分点,单月业绩规模继续保持在历史较低水平。这也是百强房企实现销售操盘金额连续第六个月下降。
克而瑞地产研究称,累计业绩来看,百强房企实现销售操盘金额2万零708.8亿元,同比降低13.1%,降幅扩大0.6个百分点。
据彭博社报道,中国房地产市场的低迷已持续逾四年,自第二季度以来,房屋销售进一步下滑。房价跌势加剧也表明,官方一年前推出的刺激措施效应正在减弱,加深了市场对通货紧缩的担忧。
要求进一步出台支持楼市政策的呼声日益高涨。中国首都北京和金融中心上海在8月均放宽了购房限制,但分析师称这些措施仅属“边际利好”。
《证券日报》早前引述上海易居房地产研究院副院长严跃进说,“稳住楼市”工作依然重要、迫切。当前是房企去库存的新一轮重要窗口期,也是住房销售提振的关键期,须利用“金九银十”传统旺季做好房源和需求的对接。
严跃进称,从各地政策动向看,预计9月份城中村改造相关的地方政策文件会加快出台。轨道交通沿线、高校集中区域、产业集中区域、规模较大的城中村等重点片区项目,将是后续各地持续改造的重点。
哈梅内伊中文发文:伊中具备重塑地区乃至全球格局变革性力量
伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬访华之际,伊朗最高领导人哈梅内伊在社交媒体用中文指出,伊朗和中国具备重塑地区乃至全球格局的变革性力量。
哈梅内伊在伊朗当地时间星期天(8月31日)于社媒X平台上,以中文、英文和波斯文发布贴文评价伊中关系。
他表示,伊朗与中国作为亚洲东西两翼的文明古国,既有着深厚的历史底蕴,更具备重塑地区乃至全球格局的变革性力量。“全面落实两国战略合作协议的各项内容,必将为这一进程奠定坚实基础”。
另据央视国际时讯报道,伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬于星期天傍晚乘机抵达天津,出席2025年上海合作组织峰会。这是他在去年7月当选伊朗总统后首次访华。
在出席上合组织峰会后,佩泽希齐扬将前往北京,出席中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年纪念活动。
中伊在2016年建立全面战略伙伴关系,伊朗于2023年7月正式成为上海合作组织成员国。
如何把孩子们带回家?搜寻乌克兰失踪儿童的艰难之路
自俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰以来,成千上万名乌克兰儿童被俄罗斯绑架。只有一小部分儿童成功回家。许多家庭仍在艰难地寻找孩子,有些人甚至采取了极端手段,只为救回自己的孩子。
挑战九三阅兵的“重庆勇士”亲吐心声:总要有人去传播火种

九三阅兵迫近之际,在重庆大学城投影反共标语,之后被网友封为“重庆勇士”的身份曝光。海外网络节目《不明白播客》星期天8月31日播出他的专访,“勇士”戚洪首次公开了自己的身份和行动动机,他表示早已离开中国,并直言最不能接受的是:中共对下一代的仇恨教育。
从底层奋斗到出国,亲历社会不公
1982年出生的戚洪来自重庆的偏远山村,16岁因家境贫困辍学,早年辗转于多地打工。在北京奋斗期间,他曾因在街上闲逛被误认为是法轮功成员而遭受无辜拘禁,亲眼目睹了监狱中的残酷行径。
然而,2006年他迎来了转机,在北京创业开设淘宝电商,生活逐渐稳定,并实现了买房买车、结婚生子的愿望。在搬离北京之前,他曾目睹政府暴力强拆,这让他对政府的强制行为有了更深的认识。2021年,他带着家人回到重庆定居。
仇恨教育是最大痛点
戚洪表示,这些年他最无法接受的是中共对下一代的仇恨教育,特别是对美国和日本的仇恨宣传。他认为,这种盲目的爱国主义和篡改历史的教科书摧残了年轻人的心灵,让他们失去希望和爱。
他说,他从小就教育两个女儿要独立思考。他以台湾为例,反驳官方“收复”论调,认为如果中国真的那么好,台湾人自然会愿意过来。
效仿“四通桥勇士”,以投影传递思想
受到北京四通桥和白纸运动等抗议活动的鼓舞,戚洪在今年7月开始筹划自己的行动。他最终选择效仿2023年山东济南万达广场的抗议者,采用投影方式进行。经过多地勘察,他最终选定了大学城,希望能够将“火种”传递给更多年轻人。
戚洪为了这次行动,自学了投影技术,并购买了雕刻机在酒店内研究了10天,亲自制作了投影标语。他选择“打倒红色法西斯,推翻共产党暴政”等标语,正是为了揭示中共的极权暴力统治与法西斯主义的本质。他痛批中共的九三阅兵是“贼喊抓贼”。
在8月20日安放好设备后,戚洪便带着家人飞往英国,原本计划在9月3日远程启动,但考虑到可能出现变故,他选择提前在29日投影,希望赶在大学生返校前,将自己的想法传递给他们。他还在酒店房间里留下了手写信,劝导警察不要“助纣为虐”,希望能唤醒他们的良知。
戚洪坦承,这次行动让他感到紧张,但他也为行动产生的巨大传播力感到惊喜。尽管他的家人在中国的亲人因此受到约谈,他深感抱歉,但依然坚定地表示:“总要有人去传播火种。”
重庆政协秘书长蓝庆华任上被查
中共中央巡视组展开巡视一个半月后,中国重庆市又有一名官员在任上落马。
据重庆市纪委监委官方网站“风正巴渝”星期天(8月31日)通报,市政协党组成员、秘书长蓝庆华涉嫌严重违纪违法,目前正接受市纪委监委纪律审查和监察调查。
公开资料显示,蓝庆华今年59岁,重庆大足人,曾任重庆市黔江区副区长、彭水县委书记、市统计局副局长等职。
2011年后,蓝庆华先后担任重庆市统计局党组书记、局长,市地方税务局党组书记、局长,国家税务总局重庆市税务局党委副书记、局长(正厅级)等职,2018年12月任璧山区委书记,2021年9月任重庆市经济和信息化委员会主任。
今年1月,蓝庆华升任重庆市政协秘书长,至此次任上被查。
在蓝庆华落马的前一天,重庆武隆区委副书记、区长左军同样在任上被查。
据中央纪委国家监委网站7月19日消息,中央第二巡视组正在重庆市开展巡视,为期两个半月左右,受理信访时间截止到9月23日。
中国实施电动自行车新国标 时速不能超过25公里
中国电动自行车新国标星期一(9月1日)起实施,最高设计车速不得超过每小时25公里;规定设销售过渡期,不符合新标准的车辆允许销售至11月30日。
据中国新闻网报道,新修订的电动自行车强制性国家标准《电动自行车安全技术规范》(GB 17761-2024)对电动车自行车的车速限值、塑料材料使用比例等都有新规。
为防范“私自解速”现象的发生,新标准明确时速一旦超过25公里,电动机将自动停止动力输出。
另外,因塑料具有可燃性,在发生火灾时会加速火势蔓延并释放大量有毒气体,新国标要求电动自行车使用的塑料的总质量不应超过整车质量的5.5%。
新国标也完善了电动自行车的电池组、控制器、限速器的防篡改要求,并增加北斗定位、通信与动态安全监测功能。
据央视新闻7月报道,新国标落地设置三个月的销售过渡期,允许销售至2025年11月30日。
不过,新的标准主要针对的是企业的生产、销售、经营行为,普通消费者已购买不符合新标准的电动自行车,不会被强制淘汰。
习近平:中越要坚定道路和制度自信
中国国家主席习近平与越南总理范明政会面时说,面对加速演进的百年变局和变乱交织的国际形势,中越要坚定道路自信和制度自信,加强团结协作。
据新华社报道,习近平星期天(8月31日)下午在天津迎宾馆与赴华出席上海合作组织峰会的范明政会面。习近平说,他今年4月对越南进行国事访问,双方就新形势下推进中越命运共同体建设达成重要共识。
习近平称,两国各部门各地方要加紧落实,推动中越全面战略合作取得更多实质性成果。面对加速演进的百年变局和变乱交织的国际形势,中越要坚定道路自信和制度自信,加强团结协作,推动中越命运共同体航船始终沿着正确方向稳步前行。
习近平表示,中国支持越南开好越共十四大,愿同越南深化治党治国经验交流,保持高层交往,统筹推进两国战略合作。
他还说,双方要积极推进互联互通、数码经济、人工智能等领域合作,加强自由贸易区、经济特区建设等经验交流,助力各自国家现代化建设。要继续办好中越建交75周年庆祝活动和越南青年赴华“红色研学之旅”,打造更多民心工程。加强多边协作,维护全球南方共同利益。
据越通社报道,范明政转达越共总书记苏林、越南国家主席梁强对习近平的问候,以及感谢中国派出高级代表团及军队参加越南南方解放、国家统一50周年暨越南国庆80周年庆典。
范明政说,越南愿与中国及其他国家合作,践行多边主义,推动可持续发展,为解决国际和地区重大问题作出贡献。
范明政也表示,越南始终将发展对华关系视为客观要求、战略选择、外交政策中的头等优先;愿与中国共同持续有效落实两国总书记达成的共识,将两国关系中的战略方向转化为生动实践。
上海26天高温刷新近百年纪录
中国上海已连续26天出现高温天气,刷新了自1926年以来的连续高温日数纪录。
据中新社报道,8月31日一早,上海中心气象台再发高温黄色预警信号。这意味着,申城再度打破最长连续高温日、8月最多高温日数两项气象纪录。
自1873年上海有气象记录以来,1926年7月22日至8月14日曾连续24天高温。这项纪录直到今年被打破:8月30日,上海达成25天连续高温;8月31日,上海再度以26天连续高温刷新纪录。
中国气象频道气象分析师信欣表示,今年8月上海27天高温,超过了去年8月26天的高温日数,创造了1951年以来8月高温日数最多纪录。
上海气象部门表示,今年上海持续高温的核心原因在于西北太平洋副热带高压(下称“副高”)的异常活动:6月上中旬,副高偏西、偏北且偏强,为高温提早到来创造了条件;7月上旬和下旬,受台风影响,副高阶段性南退东撤,高温暂时缓解;8月后,副高主体再度增强并稳定控制长三角,引发了本轮持续高温。
气象预报显示,受西风槽下切和冷空气渗透影响,8月31日起副高将阶段性南撤东退,暂时离开中国南方,南方大部分地区高温也将暂停3至5天。申城也将从持续高温中短暂脱身,随着9月3日副高西伸北抬,申城又将迎来“秋老虎”(立秋后的高温天气)发威。
习近平利用峰会、阅兵和历史展示中国影响力
习近平利用峰会、阅兵和历史展示中国影响力





【CDT关注】大声|时事评论家长平专访(1):笼子里的中国与其说缺少自由,不如说缺少对笼子的反抗

编者注:华语自由创作社区大声(大聲- Dasheng)已授权中国数字时代全文转载。
访谈重点摘录:
……就是一只青蛙坐上中国总理的位置,它也会是人民的好总理。人们会说,“难道你没看出来这只青蛙的儒雅帅气吗?因为它本来就是一个王子。”这是因为明君贤相加青蛙是中国皇权传统中理想的政治模式。
你说我们一直都在记录着别人的历史,有时没有意识到我们自己就在经历历史,就是历史的参与者,就是历史的一部分。我很赞同。
……一直到 2019 年,孙小果的案子再次成为全国热点。原来它很快就出来了,所以我们其实一直处于危险之中,而且继续作恶。我自己撰写了三篇文章,三篇报道,包括孙小果案,但是没有提我的名字。外界所知道的事情都是不准再 follow 的,但是它回删这一点是最近才被人们意识到的。身在自由的国度,我比他们有更多的言论空间,在很大程度上,我可能也有责任说出我所知道的历史。
第一句话是,言论即是自由。第二句话叫,言论是一切的开端。倘若不为言论而战,自由必将丧失。
吴薇:长平老师,欢迎你来接受我的采访。我们想做的“中国新闻三十年”的专题,其实我是想找一系列在我们过去中国新闻三十年的历史里面,重要的一些从业者,我们的媒体的一些记者、编辑,一些在不同的历史阶段和重要的新闻事件中间,发生过作用的人。而且在这个过程中,其实我很想听的是大家个人每个人的一些选择和参与一些新闻事件的这些过程。同时这个过程,就个人的经历和我们整个这个时代,这三十年新闻行业的变迁,这部新闻史之间的关系,那我们个人每个人的史,其实也是构成了这个新闻的史。所以在这个过程中间,我觉得您是一个必须我要采到、很重要的、有分量的一个人。因为我一直觉得你是很少有的,就是从中国的 90 年代开始,一直写评论中国新闻走到今天。而且你现在虽然身居德国、身居海外,但是你的触角,你的接触中国和评价中国时政的这种笔触是从来都是仍然很锋利、很生动的。所以我觉得今天我们能做这个访问,我个人是非常非常的感谢,也很兴奋。
所以其实想问您的第一个问题,就是如果你要评价一下长平的三十年和中国新闻的三十年,你会怎么去描述它呢?
长平:谢谢吴薇,谢谢观众朋友。我先从一个故事说起。这个 1998 年,当时我和作家、媒体人钱钢几乎同时加入加盟《南方周末》。当时《南方周末》编辑部有一台传真机,那时虽然有了电子邮件,但是传真机和信件还是主要的通讯工具。那台传真机一直就开着,从早到晚很少有停歇的时候。那它在干嘛呢?它在接收来自全国各地的信件,有提供新闻线索的、有鸣冤叫屈的、有读者发来意见的,还有很大一部分是全国各地记者的投稿。当时很多重要的新闻,各地的本地媒体都不能报道,有些记者已经采访了,写了稿子甚至已经编好了,然后收到禁令或者受到压力不能发表,他们就投给《南方周末》。也有同行专门为《南方周末》写稿。大家都能在《南方周末》发表一篇文章,发表文章对作为一种职业荣耀。这个《南方周末》的编辑在缺稿或者手头稿子不太满意的时候,就起来走到传真机旁边转悠一下,翻一翻,有些时候能拿到一篇稿子,直接就能上版发出来。
所以我当时就说,《南方周末》是全国记者一起做的。这个以后有机会我们可以细聊。有一天,这个钱钢他刚来不久,他就盯着那台传真机看了很久,他很感慨的说:“要把它保存好,这就是历史。”可能因为他写过《唐山大地震》,对这些历史素材更加敏感和珍惜。我们不能理解“这就是历史”,但是我们当时的关注点都在当下,都在忙着记录别人的故事,中国社会转型的大历史。同时我们也年轻,就觉得这样对待自己有点太自大,有点不好意思,甚至太可笑,所以大家对钱钢的话觉得有点惊讶,甚至笑出声来。对,但是今天回头看,那台传真机真的就是历史,中国新闻史和政治史上重要的历史文物,很有可能就没有人把它保存下来。
那天我们在通话中,你也谈到这个观点。对,你说我们一直都在记录着别人的历史,有时没有意识到我们自己就在亲历历史,就是历史的参与者,就是历史的一部分。我很赞同。这些年来我也逐渐开始在文章中提到我的过去的经历,我写过的文章。对,在德国之声,我甚至在“长平观察”时评专栏之外,还新开了一个栏目叫“长平漫游”,就写下自己的一些生活和思想的游历。在讲这个故事的时候,我想到一个更好的例子,下次我们有机会可以再讲。
再回到你的问题,就怎么看长平三十年和中国新闻三十年的关系。我不得不承认,我自己就是一台传真机,也许还是一台装了 AI 的传真机。因为我不只是接收记录,还会思考。这是第一个原因。
第二个原因是就在中国的官方叙事中,包括我工作过的一些媒体,比如《成都商报》、《南方周末》,他们的官方历史中,因为有些时候他们会做什么报庆多少周年,几十周年,会写一些官方历史,在他们的官方历史中,甚至在那些需要在发表在微信公号的抗争者写下的记录里,也许是有中国新闻的三十年,但是并不存在长平的三十年,就跟奥威尔的小说《一九八四》里描述的情景一样,长平是一个不存在的人,不存在的符号。如果说当年《南方周末》办公室那台传真机可能因为我们的忽略,没有能够作为历史文物保存下来,那么长平的消失则是人为的审查、删除的结果。
我们曾经认为这几乎是不可能发生的事情,因为就我个人在国内的工作而言,我很幸运,当时读者多的时候,可以说几乎每一篇文章发表出来,都会拷贝到各个网站,到处都是。因为当时互联网很发达,不只是因为我的读者多,互联网需要大量的这些素材,需要这些内容,竞争也很激烈。另外我们作为作者也没有那么有版权意识,觉得有人看也不错。有些网站是给我说了,很多网站包括一些房地产专栏也包括一些知名媒体开的专栏,其实百分之九十以上都不是我写的专栏,当然很多都跟我说了,有些甚至不跟我说,他有个编辑跟着你发了文章就贴过去,作为你的专栏,好像你每天在他那里更新专栏一样。我们也不介意,就觉得有人看,这个也不错,反正当时是那样想的。
所以我就觉得,至少我的文章在网上容易查到。但是后来我逐渐的发现,去搜索越来越少,到今天去搜索长平,几乎只剩下什么地名、什么历史跟着相关的历史字条什么的,这是完全没有。我很早就发现了。对。但还是有点惊讶,因为当时我们外界所知道的都是不准再发了。对,但是它回删这一点是最近才被人们意识到的。另外包括我刚才提到,有些可能努力甚至于反抗的姿态,去留下的一些历史记录,因为它很,可以说是非常有效率的审查机制,让一些人写的这样一些记录中,可能也没有我的名字。
我注意到这点是读到类似几篇文章。比如说举个例子,中国有个很著名的案子,叫孙小果案。就是在云南昆明,有一个黑社会团伙,的确是横行霸道,无恶不作。在 1997 年,我和《南方周末》另外一位记者的一个好朋友,我们就去昆明采访,采访了之后,引起很大的轰动。可以说是当时的《南方周末》还是很受重视,对这个案子的宣判起到了很大的作用。因为当时孙小果已经被抓了,但是他们家里有各种关系,包括公安内部的关系,一直各种拖延,受害人根本不敢声张。我们去做了采访之后,的确是让当时可以说是相当程度的沉冤昭雪。看起来当时以为是作恶者罚当其罪。当时我们知道他被判了死刑,后来又改为死缓。但不管怎么说,他会几十年关在狱中。我的那位同事还受到过威胁,他还离开广州,躲了一个月,然后感觉到应该没有问题就回来了。但是其实我们不知道的是,一直到 2019 年,这个孙小果的案子再次成为全国热点,原来他很快就出来了。所以我们其实一直处于危险之中,而且继续作恶。
一直到习近平时代的作恶打黑什么的,他再次成为什么全国督办的案子。他再次被判死刑,然后在 2019 年被判死刑,然后被执行死刑。而且他的一个系统很多人都被判了。这个案子可以说是让媒体非常的感慨,有很多人在写文章,其中包括……包括有些人就是感慨,当年的《南方周末》已不复存在,这样的案子都再也不能得到像当年那样的舆论监督,言论自由的空间几近为零,就连体制内的舆论监督都只剩下舆论打手的功能了。然后这些案子的解决都靠可以说是政治斗争,实质为政治斗争,名义上的所谓反腐,这些来解决。那有人就写文章,有好几篇文章,就写到当年的报道。而且就怀念当年的调查记者,比如说有篇文章,它还讲,“孙小果案的背后,我们不能忘记的什么南方系的英雄”。这个文章,它因为要在中国网络发表出来,它列举了过去我的很多同事,这是非常好的。其中包括提到我自己撰写的三篇文章,三篇报道,包括孙小果案,但是没有提我的名字。没有提出我的名字。而且写得非常流畅,感觉就是你看不出他自己抹掉了什么。对。
这个我就不存在。这个还是挺让我感慨的。我当然并不是介意一篇网文是否提到……一篇一篇网文是否提到我的名字,但是我只是感慨这种让一九八四都自叹不如的审查机制。那就是即便那些以反抗为名,留下的文字中,这个历史也被改得不着痕迹。这个在中国互联网上消失的当然远远不止我一个人,而是一个时代的失踪。直到去年,有一篇网络文章引起很大的关注,这个《纽约时报》的记者袁莉还写了一篇报道。那篇报道的名字叫《在加速崩溃的中国互联网,正在消失的集体记忆》。它是基于一个引起很大关注的帖子。对。有一个作者,他的叫何加盐,有一个博主,他写了一篇文章叫《中国互联网正在加速崩溃》。他讲,就是我们原来以为互联网是有记忆的,但是没有想到这种记忆原来是像金鱼一样的记忆。袁莉也去测试了,她在这篇文章也测试了,包括那些看起来不那么敏感的人说,一些知名的企业家,比如柳传志,包括马云、包括马化腾,他们过去的留下的大量的互联网的这种记录,都被删除。
这个……袁莉也采访了我。她引用了我的话,我告诉她说,我的确,我之前就已经发现,我在公共舆论中的存在被扼杀的比早年预想的要严重得多,但是我也没有发现这整个的坍塌,或者这整个这么大的部分,都像金鱼的记忆一样都不存在了。我说那是我……那也是我个人生命的很大一部分的丧失。这个我感觉到是自己的个体生命被否定。所以在这个意义上,我愿意来谈我的个人历史和中国新闻三十年的历史,也是我个人的社会生命存续的一种增长,也是对于中国言论审查的一种抗争。
当然在国内那些我曾经的同道,他们的名字是可能出现在国内的这些文章中,但是这些文章在很大程度上,主要是怀旧、忧伤、叹息。叹息调查记者一事,叹息“风萧萧兮易水寒,壮士一去兮不复返”。这些都很好。但是我自己想要讲的一些内容,他们很难说出来,比如说抗争,比如说一些对当下抗争的启发。当然从这个意义上说,身在自由的国度,我比他们有更多的言论空间。在很大程度上,我可能也有责任说出我所知道的历史,虽然未必是为他们代言,因为每个人会看到不同的历史,所以更主要的是我替自己发言,说出我自己的经历、观察和思考。
从这个意义上说,那又带出第三个理由,那就是这跟我在中国媒体长期工作的主题有关。那就是在历史叙事中,发掘个人历史、个体抗争和个体的价值。这个我在一些文章中做过回顾,就是我在中国的宣传中,一直强调集体叙事,或者历史的宏大叙事、集体唱响。从一开始,我和我所工作的媒体中的很多同道,我们的一个价值立场,就是坚持个体立场、坚持个人价值、记录个体历史、警惕时代洪流的裹挟。
那我举一个例子,比如说 2008 年,那是一个被我称为真正的中国梦的元年。虽然很多人把“中国梦”是从习近平上台的 2012 年开始算起,但是我觉得 2008 年是一个……实际上就是我这样计算。实际上习近平和胡锦涛的时代并没有那么割离。这是我的一个看法。而且胡锦涛时代的后期其实就已经为“中国梦”、为习近平时代做了准备。2008 年的奥运会和西方的经济危机,当时是一个非常重要的历史的转折点。那一年很多中国媒体也非常的兴奋,不只是央视。可以说从头一年开始,因为我们都要准备第二年的这些议程,我就在各种文章中,以及在跟媒体同行的各种讨论中,我就希望大家脑子里一定要想到,在这种集体叙事中,我们一定要强调个人立场、个体价值、个人尊严。
那一年刚好我被邀请,同时为好几家有影响力的报纸,你说《南方周末》、《南方都市报》,还有我自己当时当然曾任副总编的《南都周刊》,撰写新年献词或者是社论,或者是改革开放纪念特刊等等。我自己也写了好多,为《南方都市报》上海的《新闻晨报》、北京的《青年记者》、《新京报》等等,写专栏文章的时候,我当时是特别有意识的。可以说几乎所有的主题都像我给《南方周末》当年的新年献词写的定的原标题一样,叫《在狂欢夜中做个自由的舞者》。到后来他们改了这个标题,当时还给过他们一个标题选择叫《大时代中不能没有你自己》。就是希望警惕被危险的民族主义话语席卷。
以新年献词为例,我在开头是这样写,当然都是新年献词的那种文艺腔:“帷幕许起灯火璀璨,在 2008 年的世界舞台上,中国已然站在中央。闸门洞开浪涛汹涌,在历史洪流的席卷之下,你在哪里?”在结尾我是这样写的,就无论你是何种角色都不要被历史的大潮淹没,或者冲刷出……冲刷去你的独立存在。至少你要在大时代中做个坚强的小人物,在狂欢夜中做个自由的舞者。
当年我给《南方都市报》写了一篇社论,当时也写到我们每一个人都有一个自己的三十年。大概那个社论是改革开放三十周年。这个叫“纪念不为赞美,得失均需反思”。就是我强调我们每一个人都有一个自己的三十年,每一束光芒都动人心魄,每一个三十年都值得纪念。这个我自己当时主编的《南都周刊》的三十周年纪念,我就策划了一组报道,直接就叫“三十年个人进化论”。当时我在主编寄语中写:“有人在历史中看见别人,有人在历史中发现自己。”我的重点就是说,因为在时代的大潮当中,个人的悲欢离合很容易被认为无关宏旨,过于看重难免矫情。但是这正是我要反对的洗脑话语。对我后来也一直写,包括我每年在六四当天要写一篇纪念文章。其中有一年,我记得的就是讲六四对个体生命价值的摧毁。我的意思就是说,讲述个人历史一直是我工作的一部分,只是过去我可能更多的是记录其他人的个体抗争、个人生命历程。那我也需要面对自己的生命历程。
这就是我对你的这个问题的浓缩的回答。
吴薇:听你讲了这么多,我其实非常的感慨。有一个很重要的点,就是可以来强调我们为什么要在今天做这个事情。其实还可以再往下延伸一下,就是现在有越来越多的人意识到个人史就是更重要的历史,或者说每个人的个人的历史,其实在构成真正的历史。这个话搁在其他国家,它的上下文的意义没有那么显著,但是今天来说这个问题,就是你说的这个原因,就是我们以为互联网给中国带来了这种技术的自由,给每个人所谓的这个赋予权利,好像不管是每个人可以在自己的手机上去记录,当年还有直接用手机这种公民记者参与的这种抗争。好像曾经不管是在中国自下而上的这种反抗,还是整个中国社会的这种抵抗,极权对原子化的这种,就是原子化的控制社会的这种手段的这种能力,好像都曾经有过提升。但是在大家越来越依赖社交媒体,好像就是把手机也都当作了就是自己身体和生活的一部分的时候,有一个所有人都没有意识到的事情,就是它也可以用技术的力量完全抹去所有人的共同记忆和个体记忆。而且像你这么一个有意识在文字里面去呈现记忆、呈现历史、呈现历史的书写的人,你没想到的是你以为你写下来就有了,可是你写下来的所有的东西被技术和这种使用技术的政权它完全抹掉了。
所以这个时候就让我们这些能够,第一还有记忆,第二还属于年富力强,没有老到我们曾经采访的那些人到耄耋暮年到白发苍苍去说,我觉得在这个时刻就是还有鲜活的记忆,仍然还有非常活跃的思路,而且还有发声渠道的这些人,在今天就是要有意识的去记下来。离我们没那么远,我们以为不那么着急需要记录的东西,现在就变得非常非常紧迫。我也是听了以后,我觉得这也是我的理解,也是我对你的一个回应。
长平:是的。我之所以举那几十年前的例子,就是这是一条线索,它不只是一个价值观,就是也是我们几十年在做的,一直持之以恒的一个事情。就是外界不一定能够看到,外界可能更多的看到是会给一些比较肯定的,你们很勇敢,你们一直在抗争,一直坚持做。但是背后这条线,我很高兴你今天给一个机会,我们把这条线理一下。这条线为什么……我们后面可能会谈到,就是为什么当局这么在意这条线,为什么我坚持这条线,最后是要撞上红线。它是一个集体叙事和个人抗争的一个,可以说是一个战斗,一直到今天。
吴薇:对。其实说白了就是我们讲三十年,不是因为我们要怀旧,我们哪里有时间怀旧啊对吧?是因为如果想看眼下,更加理解中国现在的技术、政治、社会和媒体的现状,甚至去找到往下走的这种动能和力量,它必须我们要去研究中国怎么走到现在的,而且怎么在这几十年的时间里面,确立了这么一种数字的利维坦控制。而且这种控制模式是非常非常有效的,塑造了中国的现在的政治面貌、权力结构,这种官民的互动,甚至整个现在的这种所谓的舆论环境。他们为什么觉得一切都可以在他们的掌控之下?就是怎么走到今天这种媒体生态的,怎么走到今天的这种权力和公众的这种对抗,都没有对抗,但是已经是一种控制和被控制的非常固定化的一种模式了。我觉得这些是我们现在要往下聊的原因,也是我们为什么要觉得在这个点上谈三十年,它不是一个回顾历史,简简单单去怀旧去看我们曾经做过什么,沾沾自喜的过程。是我们其实在记录和分享我们的经验,你的成功你的失败,哪些事情做出来了,哪些事情做不到,原因是什么,然后就可以再往下走。我们带着这样一个投射和预期,我想请您分析一下中国三十年,中国新闻的三十年,你如果放在这样一个政治传播、媒体生态的这么一个结构框架下,你想怎么去总结和回顾它呢?
长平:我想用三句话来作为一个回顾。我的一个非常短的演讲,就 2016 年底,加拿大记者言论自由协会给了我一个奖,我当时做了几分钟的这个叫什么获奖感言,说了……然后当时本地媒体,有一家电台,本地媒体做了报道。有一家电台的报道让我觉得很不错,因为他把两句话直接就作为最开始的要点提出来,恰好就是我要讲的重点。
一句话是,言论即自由。第二句是,言论是一切的开端。
言论即自由,听起来是非常简单的话,但是在我看来,它包含着中国这几十年来的宣传教育和政治哲学。这种哲学其实实用主义或者效益主义,也叫功利主义。这个最著名的当然就是邓小平的那句“黑猫黑猫白猫论”,就是“不管黑猫白猫抓到老鼠就是好猫”。如果放到自由上来说,他可能会说自由本身并不重要,他自由之所以重要,是因为通过他可以达到其他目的,比如说能够实现国富民强。这就出现一个问题,他如果只是手段,那么他是可以替换的。如果通过专制体制,也可以实现国富民强,甚至更有效率,比如说举国体制,那么是不是就可以不要自由呢?所以我一再强调,就是自由本身就是目的。但这个可能来自就康德说人是目的,而非手段,这是他的道德哲学的一个核心观点。意思说人拥有绝对价值,应该被尊重,而不是被当做实现其他目标的工具。在我看来,这个自由也是这样。言论自由,就能够说话本身就是自由,自由本身就是目的。这个而不是说我们通过自由获得其他价值,那是另外一回事。他不能……我们当然可以通过自由获得其他价值,这是非常重要的,我后面要讲的。那首先就是自由言论自由本身就有价值。这一点听起来比较抽象,但实际上在我们的新闻实践中,一直一直就存在这样一个问题。所以或者是我们随时都会受到类似问题的挑战。
我举一个例子,就是关于这个……“人民的好总理”。就是我在中国工作的时候,总是有人告诉我,这个体制内有一些人,他们正在运筹帷幄、深谋远虑,这个我们需要去配合他们。对。这我们不要自己想说什么就说什么。其中最最被说的多的就是“好总理”。这个我为此我写了好多篇文章。我能记得的,比如说 2011 年我在《南华早报》我的专栏中我写过一篇文章叫《总理的谎言》。这个 2013 年我在我主编的《阳光时务》写过一篇主编的话叫《总理、青蛙和王子》。2022 年,那时候总理已经换了,但是仍然是“人民的好总理”,我写过一篇文章叫《李克强会从好总理到英明领袖吗?》。就是一只青蛙坐上中国总理的位置,他也会是“人民的好总理”,人们会说,“难道你们没看出来这只青蛙的儒雅帅气吗?因为它本来就是一个王子。”这是因为明君贤相加青蛙是中国皇权传统中理想的政治模式。专制政治的性质决定了这种理想模式从来没有在现实中存在过,但是它一直在人民的想象中延续至今。所以中共建政以后,由于宣传机器的洗脑功能的空前强大,直到现在,就像你刚才提到的情况一样,这种民间想象是超级的丰富。文革之后的影视作品中,比如彭德怀、贺龙、陈毅等等元帅都被渲染成刚正不二的青蛙,作为明君形象连连破产之后的替代品,那还得靠贤相。除了双手沾满六四鲜血的李鹏,他实在是烂泥扶不上墙,其他总理无一例外都是“人民的好总理”。从周恩来、朱镕基、温家宝到李克强,总理们都清廉正直、体恤民情,而且忍辱负重、委曲求全。
我想说对总理保有希望没有问题。问题在就像我刚才讲的,总有人告诉我,而且在国内的时候,因为我也能接触到一些好像有些内部消息的人,他们会非常殷切,而且非常带有强迫性的责怪我,总理深谋远虑,为运筹帷幄,我们应该静观其变,不要添乱。简单的说,就配合总理或者总理也可以是代替其他……也可以是其他人或者其他势力,为了让他们实现他们的抱负,这是最重要的。言论自由应该退居其后。我在长期的专栏写作中,我一直在拒绝这种请求。所以我要讲言论即是自由,自由即是目标。
第二句话是言论是一切的开端。在这个时候你可以说,我认为言论也是工具。它不只是工具。言论自由是通向其他自由,实现其他好的目标的一道大门。当时我在获奖典礼上,列了一大堆被投入监狱的中国仁人志士们的名字。我就说为什么我要列这些,在我们言论自由的一个奖项上,为什么要列这些政治犯?我想告诉大家一个事实:在中国的政治犯绝大多数都是言论犯,都是因言获罪。在中国他们可能以各种罪名获刑,但事实上他们犯的罪就仅仅是表达了异议。一方面就中国政治空间异常的狭窄,人们几乎没有可能从事言论之外的异议活动。比如中共早年干的那些事情,比如说组织工人罢工、买武器或者建一个党,中国目前的异议人士都没有机会去做。另一方面,独裁者比谁都能看到言论的巨大威力,他们非常明白言论是一切的开端。
除了这两句话,我当时还讲了一句话:倘若不为言论而战,自由必将丧失。这个也非常重要。你刚才提到大家怀旧,或者感慨空间越来越紧。很多人主要聚焦于习近平的个人性格,或者个人政治理念、政治手腕。这些都是很重要的。但是我们也应该看到,自由从来不是谁给予的。我在 2011 年在南都写过一篇社论,叫《纪念王小波,争做自由人》。当时我就讲,因为王小波成为一种现象,但我就指出他最重要的价值,就是指出自由的可贵、思维的乐趣。自由的思想本身就是一种快乐。同时他也给他事实……他没有直接回答,因为他不是时评作者,他没有直接回答社会上一些争论,但是他事实上通过他的文章告诉人们,对,在社会上一些争论的答案。比如说法律和自由,法治和民主等等。他告诉人们,公平的法律和良好的秩序正是一个自由人的本能,自然而然的追求。但是他们不是天上掉下来的,也不是谁给予的。他只能依靠自由的思想和权力来完成。没有自由作为前提,秩序就无从谈起。如果有那也只是专制者的自由。失去自由的人也就失去了秩序。所以社会上当时争论的“先制定好法律,再给予自由”,还是“先开放自由,再制定法律”,这并不是一个鸡生蛋蛋生鸡的问题。因为当人们没有自由的思想和权利参与制定法律时,他就不会产生出公平的法律来。
我在那篇社论中讲,其实我们应该看到自由并不是一条在道路的尽头等待我们的花园。自由就是这条道路本身。在追求自由的道路上,并没有一劳永逸的时候。这个想法过了几年,我到了德国,2015 年的叫什么……新闻自由日的 5 月 2 号,我写了一篇文章,进一步的总结了我对这个问题的想法。那个文章的标题叫《自由是一只会变的笼子》。当时我提到我很喜欢的作家卡夫卡。他有个小说叫《饥饿艺术家》。在其中不一定是他的重点,但是那句话,我一直对我可以说是起到非常大的作用。他就描述一只豹子,他讲了只豹子,这个它似乎没有因为失去自由而惆怅,它那高贵的身躯应有尽有,不仅具备着力爪,好像连自由也随身带着。它的自由好像就藏在牙齿中的某个地方。对。就是豹子之所以像豹子,是因为它牙齿中带着自由。这是我的理解。所以我后来我希望我的笔,我的脑子中一直带着自由,带着自由本身。
但是我也知道,这个我也很快发现一个秘密,就是在现实中,在中国的现实政治中,跟马戏团囚禁豹子的笼子不一样,关我们的那个笼子是一只易变的笼子。它随时都在偷袭我们,稍不留神,它就会缩小一圈。在网络刚刚出现的时候,它的功能好像主要是反抗限制。今天它已经被体制利用成为维稳的利器。很多人都被它欺骗,被那个笼子欺骗。因为很多人觉得,当时的香港人,甚至现在的台湾人、美国人都在想,只要这个笼子它是固定不变的,我们只要不去碰它,我们就可以……在笼子里面的人会这样想:“我们只要不去碰它的边界,我们就可以在里面安居乐业。”不在外边的人想:“只要我们不去碰它,我们就可以过自己的生活,井水不犯河水。”当然还有些人认为,这个笼子就像紧箍咒,它变小是因为我们不肯顺从。但事实上,这个笼子它有很多限制自由的方法,它不仅囚禁你的身体,它也改造你的思想。它让你相信这些说教,这些想法。就是不仅笼子里边的人被洗脑,笼子外边的人也信以为真。因为它固定不变。
到今天,我认为笼子里的中国,与其说是缺少自由,不如说是缺少对笼子的反抗。笼子外面的世界,与其说是自由的边界受到威胁,不如说是自由的意志正在减弱。这也是我一直给自己的一个定义,我认为我的写作,时评写作,它不是我最初想当作家的那种写作,这个写一个东西,成名立腕,不朽,而是一种行动,是在大街上呼号,在广场上呐喊。就像我刚才讲的,世界上没有那样一种永恒不变的,或者静待未来的自由。自由就是一种永远的抗争。
这是我用这三句话来回答你的问题。听起来可能有点不像人们通常想象的界定三十年新闻史的几个特征。我为什么要用这三句话?在我看来,它是容易被人们忽略的一种实质上的历史和它的特征。当然人们通常会想到的那些特征,以后有机会,我们在将来我们的在接下来我们的访谈中,我们还可以细谈。
吴薇:我们再整个总结一下,就这三句话。你现在……现在谈的这三句话,因为你讲的特别哲学,我是很喜欢的。我们大家要往下稍微要拓展一下。你现在能帮我再总结一下这三句话吗?
长平:第一句话叫言论即是自由。第二句话叫言论是一切的开端。第三句话是,如果我们不为言论抗争,那就将失去自由。理念、方法和抗争和行动。理念、方法和行动。在我看来就是这三个方面。
吴薇:其实你是用一些最终总结出来的这种结论来概括这三十年。而且这是一些非常重要的现实得出来的结论。比如说有一种误区,就是说自由它是一个客观存在的,然后相对是一个定量的东西,只有就是得到自由、获取自由和没有获取自由这几个状态。但是现在好像有一种误区,就是因为没有自由就不做了。但是你的逻辑是自由本身就是目标。自由是等不来的。你怎么能等到有自由,你再去做什么呢?第二个就是在这个过程中间,不要以为不动,或者离这个笼子远一点,你原来有的自由它就还在那,或者你如果没碰这个笼子,它就不出来咬你。但这个其实我的形容……我一直形容它是一个……它是一种病毒,就是这个病毒你不是说你躲着它,它会走出来的。那这是我前几年的形容,结果没想到后来在这个 COVID 期间就被证实了。就是当全世界其实都慢慢地觉得,那我跟这套体制保持一些距离吧,好吧?或者就说包括像德国,这还是一边跟中国谈生意,一边也去说一说人权。还有很多国家就假装中国的言论自由、新闻控制这些事情,这么恶劣的一个国家,但是还是可以跟它在其它方面合作、共生对吧?甚至你好我好。但事实是它是一种病毒,它会蔓延的。它会走出它的边界的。所以你用的是这一个笼子,而且在笼子里面的人以为,我只要不去踩这个红线,我就能维持我现有的空间。笼子外面的人想,我只要不去进去这个笼子,反正我在外面。可是现在我们看到的情况,就是不管是墙内,就是中国领土里面的,包括香港越来越,这个笼子它是带在每个人的身上和脑子里面的。那大家集体的言论和行动的停止、萎缩,它最终会影响到你每天日常的生活状态的萎缩。那墙外也是一样,不管是跨国镇压,还是这种长臂管辖,还是现在你会发现,它越来越多的这种中国式的传播和媒体形式都在走向全世界,走向海外,走向所有海外的这些自由平台。那你就知道你哪躲得过这个笼子呢?所以这是我的理解和一个回应,是吧?
那我觉得这些是结论。
长平:这不仅仅是结论。我要强调的是,这是一种状态。就是经常……我这些都包含着,因为经常会被问到类似这样的问题,就是你观察习近平会不会打台湾?你观察习近平还会专制到哪一步?习近平对媒体还会怎么样?那在我看来,这些都不是习近平一个人决定的。自由是一种动态,是一种动态。就是它取决于外部世界的反应,它不是一个他脑子里有一些成套的计划。就算他有一些蓝图,但他也不是说他就能完全严格的按照他的蓝图执行。事实上这个世界会怎么样,跟每一个人的存在和行动都相关。这就是后来在互联网上,在互联网用的很普遍的所谓混沌理论,就是说在什么南太平洋上一只蝴蝶振动翅膀,在世界上另外一个地方可能就会引起一场飓风。那只蝴蝶非常的渺小。我是相信这种理论的。所以我们并不知道我们的每个行动能产生的确切的效果。但是你要行动。这是为什么我一直会一再会被问到,就是在这么令人绝望的情况下,你还能坚持写作,还能坚持抗争?我当然有过很多思考,就包括正因为如此才需要我们去抗争。如果我们知道明天就自由了,就解放了,然后我们才去行动,这不是一种投机吗?或者都不需要你的那一个微博的行动了。正因为如此,并不是说我们行动就一定会在某年某月某日带来解放,没有人知道。但是我相信混沌理论,我相信自由是一种动态,我相信这世界不是由习近平和普京决定的,他们也是在看外部世界的反应。这其实不是结论,这是一个状态。
吴薇:而且其实是一个生存和做事的逻辑。就是你相信你做事它就是有动能的,而且这种相信你的行动的目标就是行动本身的意义。并不是说我们写作、我们记录、我们表达,实现了它就有意义。就是这种自由表达本身它就是意义。
长平:对。你总结的非常正确。就是对于个体生命来说,就是你写也换不来自由,甚至让你失去自由,那你还为什么要写?既然你说的写作本身它就是自由行动的一部分,它本身就能给我带来意义。
吴薇:现在我们来谈中国三十年,很多人会以为我们是在怀旧,怀念江泽民时代、胡锦涛时代,媒体人还有空间,那个时候因为有空间所以做出来事,而现在是因为没有空间所以做不了事。很多人以为我们会用这种方式来讨论。但其实我不这么想。我认为这个体制它并不是现在习近平一个人制造的。它的存在并不是我们现在眼前这十年的所有的决定因素。可是很多人会以为就是换一个领导人,一切就会好。所以现在会看到大量大量的讨论,都把矛头指向习一个人。所以你同意这种看法吗?你认为就是说媒体人如果……我们现在讨论过去是因为觉得看当年能做事是因为有那几个领导人,现在做不了事,就把习变成了大家做不了事和不做事的唯一解释,你同意这样的一种目前这种非常普遍的一种情绪吗?
长平:是的。我不否认这个时代有很大的变化,领导人的这个个人角色在这个政治学之中起着非常重要的作用。但是另一方面,我希望在我们接下来的这个对谈中,我能让大家看到,这个当年那些怀疑就是事实,但也不是事实。就是我们其实当年也没有想象的那么容易,一直处于危险当中。
加纳:泛非人士集会要取消债务

非洲国家加纳(le Ghana)的繁体中文国名是[迦納共和國]。在这个西非国家的首都阿克拉(Accra),数百名来自多个非洲国家的泛非主义者于2025年08月29日星期五举行集会。这些示威人士要求“取消非洲国家的债务”(l'annulation de la dette des pays africains)。本台法广非洲组(RFI Afrique)法语通讯员发自现场的采访报导注意到,集会人士一再高呼口号:“我们将不支付!”(Nous ne paierons pas !)。面对示威者,加纳财政部长卡西尔·阿托·福森(Cassiel Ato Forson)谈到他对债务问题的细微认知。
据本台法广(RFI)非洲组的法文报道,在加纳首都,泛非主义者于8月29日星期五举行集会,要求取消非洲国家的债务。这数百名示威人士是响应[国际工会联合会](confédération syndicale internationale)非洲分支的号召。他们来自多个面临财政困境的非洲国家。集会人士认为,错误在于还款条件上的[双重标准](deux-poids deux-mesures )。他们指责债权方剥夺了非洲的金融主权。
-- 泛非主义示威者要求取消债务 -
本台法广(RFI)非洲通讯员维克多(Victor)于2025年08月30日星期六发自阿克拉(Accra)的消息指出,周五,在独立广场上的集会人群再三重复的一句口号就是:“我们将不支付。”(Nous ne paierons pas !)在抗议者高举的标语牌上,债权人、还有国际货币基金组织(IMF/FMI-Fonds monétaire international)和世界银行(WB/BM-Banque mondiale)都遭到了指控。它们被控扼杀了非洲大陆。

集会组织者之一、加纳人Andrews Adoquaye Tagoe在接受采访时做出如下解释。他表示:当人们审视我们债务的形成过程、债权方和相关协议时,有如是一头大象和一只小动物在拳击台上对决,但却自以为彼此势均力敌。我们处于一个必须给予改变的体系之中。
-- 加纳财政部长面对集会示威者 -
[工会联合会]呼吁无条件的、全面取消所谓的[不可持续的外债](dettes extérieures dites non viables)。不过,面对示威者,加纳财政部长卡西尔·阿托·福森(Cassiel Ato Forson)对这一诉求做出了更为细致的表述。他说:“我们如何使用债务也同样的重要。如果我们很好地使用债务,就应该能够予以偿还。如果我们继续糟糕地使用,就不能总是要求取消债务。”

本台法广(RFI)非洲通讯员在这篇报道的最后一个段落中注意到,在集会的末尾,组织者向财政部长递交了一份请愿书,要求加纳总统把他们的诉求传达给非洲大陆的所有债权人。
( 翻译和编辑:法广 RFI 电台 尼古拉 )
~. Fin .~
CHAN2025非洲国家足球锦标赛

在东非国家肯尼亚首都内罗毕(Nairobi),第八届[非洲国家足球锦标赛](CHAN 2025)已于2025年08月30日星期六晚鸣金收兵。马格里布地区的北非国家摩洛哥(le Maroc)作为本届赛事的热门球队,在周六晚的决赛中不负众望,以3比2的成绩战胜在开赛后一度率先破门的马达加斯加(Madagascar)夺冠。摩洛哥现已被载入非洲足球史册,成为这项赛事上首支三次夺冠的国家队。
综合本台法广非洲组(RFI Afrique)自2025年08月30日星期六晚起,在过去24小时里的多篇法文报道。第八届[非洲国家足球锦标赛](CHAN 2025)已于08月30日星期六晚举行了决赛之后罢战息兵。

在肯尼亚(le Kenya)首都内罗毕的卡撒拉尼体育场(Kasarani),摩洛哥(le Maroc)于周六晚以3比2的成绩战胜在本届赛事里表现突出的马达加斯加(Madagascar),摘取桂冠。
-- 第八届[非洲国家足球锦标赛](CHAN 2025)获得好评 -
据本台法广非洲组(RFI Afrique)2025年08月31号星期日刊出的一篇法文报道的描述:整个8月份,乌干达(l’Ouganda)、肯尼亚(le Kenya)和坦桑尼亚(la Tanzanie)都在伴随着足球的节奏振动。这次的赛事也被视为对上述三个国家联合承办第36届[非洲国家杯](CAN 2027)足球赛的一次重要测试。随着赛事的结束,现在到了做总结的时刻。[非洲足球联合会](Confédération africaine de football)即[非洲足联](CAF)对本届赛事的组织,及所表现出的热情予以祝贺,尽管仍然还有一些挑战。

本台法广(RFI)非洲通讯员阿尔巴娜(Albane)发自内罗毕(Nairobi)的报道说,毋庸置疑,这是[非洲国家足球锦标赛](CHAN)历史上最成功的一届。这是[非洲足联](CAF)主席、南非矿业巨头帕特里斯·莫特塞佩(Patrice Motsepe)的一个评语。他鼓掌称赞本届赛事的组织工作。不过,也有一些批评的声音浮现,尤其是部分比赛缺少观众。虽然在内罗毕的决赛现场,体育馆内几乎座无虚席,但在达累斯萨拉姆(Dar es Salaam)举行的马达加斯加对苏丹的半决赛则相差甚远。
-- [非洲足联](CAF)主席在内罗毕回答媒体提问谈不足 -
同一法文报道注意到,[非洲足联](CAF)主席帕特里斯·莫特塞佩(Patrice Motsepe)周六在内罗毕回答媒体提问时表示:在肯尼亚,表现出的兴趣异乎寻常(exceptionnel);在坦桑尼亚,我们看到了一些满座的体育场;在乌干达,我们也得到了巨大的支持。这对这些国家的足球而言是一种巨大的助力。这给2027年的大型赛事形成了一个甚佳的(excellente)基础。
的举办时间是在2025年08月02日至30日。
Image archive / Afrique : le CHAN 2025 se déroule du 02 au 30 août dans trois pays: Kenya, Tanzanie et Ouganda.](../themes/icons/grey.gif)
本台法广(RFI)非洲通讯员在其报道的最后一段落里指出,有关安全问题的一个批评被指了出来,尤其是发生在内罗毕举行的肯尼亚对阵摩洛哥的比赛时。一些肯尼亚球迷强行冲破栅栏进入体育场内,导致全场爆满(bondé)。对此,[非洲足联](CAF)主席帕特里斯·莫特塞佩(Patrice Motsepe)承认,在某些领域还有提升的空间。但他说,相关问题很快就给出了解决的办法。
( 翻译和编辑:法广 RFI 电台 尼古拉 )
~. Fin .~
Robert Mueller Has Parkinson’s Disease, Family Says
© Anna Moneymaker/The New York Times
Arrest after fatal shooting of Ukrainian politician Andriy Parubiy


A suspect in the fatal shooting of prominent Ukrainian politician Andriy Parubiy has been apprehended, the country's President Volodymyr Zelensky has said.
The 54-year-old parliamentarian was killed by an assailant posing as a courier in the western city of Lviv on Saturday, sparking a manhunt.
Ukraine's interior minister Igor Klymenko said in a statement issued in the early hours of Monday morning that the suspect had been detained in the western Khmelnytskyi region.
Parubiy rose to prominence during Ukraine's Euromaidan mass protests, which advocated closer ties with the EU and brought down pro-Russian former President Viktor Yanukovych in 2014.
Klymenko said the preliminary investigation had found the killing had been "carefully prepared" with Parubiy's travel schedule and route mapped out, as well as an escape plan.
He added that Ukraine's national police force would provide further details later.
Unverified footage, purportedly of the shooting, appeared to show a gunman dressed as a courier approaching Parubiy on the street and holding up a weapon as he walked behind him.
At a news briefing on Saturday, Lviv police chief Oleksandr Shliakhovskyi said the gunman had "fired about eight shots from a firearm".
Sources inside Ukraine's law enforcement agencies told the BBC that the attacker had dressed to look like a courier for delivery company Glovo. The company said it was "deeply shocked" by the crime.
Parubiy, a member of the current Ukrainian parliament, had played a pivotal role in the Euromaidan movement, organising its "self-defence" teams who guarded the sprawling tent camp in the heart of the capital Kyiv during the protest.
China's huge navy is expanding at breakneck speed - will it rule the waves?


"Socialism is good…" a pensioner warbles into a portable karaoke mic, slightly off-key and drowned out by her friends' chatter.
But they join her for the chorus: "The Communist Party guides China on the path to power and wealth!"
It is not the catchiest karaoke number. But it is an apt one to belt out as they look towards a horizon framed by cranes towering over ships of all sizes.
Suoyuwan park in Dalian, which juts out of north-eastern China into the Yellow Sea, has stunning views of one of China's largest shipyards, and is a place to gather and be merry.
But to White House analysts thousands of miles away in Washington, this cradle of Chinese shipbuilding is part of a growing threat.
In the last two decades, China has ramped up investment in shipbuilding. And that has paid off: more than 60% of the world's orders this year have gone to Chinese shipyards. Put simply, China is building more ships than any other country because it can do it faster than anyone else.
"The scale is extraordinary… in many ways eye-watering," says Nick Childs, a maritime expert with the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies. "The Chinese shipbuilding capacity is something like 200 times overall that of the United States."
That commanding lead also applies to its navy. The Chinese Communist Party now has the world's largest, operating 234 warships compared to the US Navy's 219.
China's explosive rise has been fuelled by the sea. The world's second-largest economy is home to seven of the world's 10 busiest ports, which are critical to global supply routes. And its coastal cities are thriving because of trade.
As Beijing's ambitions have grown, so has its arsenal of ships - and its confidence to stake a louder claim in the South China Sea and beyond.
President Xi Jinping's China certainly wants to rule the waves. Whether it will is the question.


A grand military parade in the coming days may reveal just how close it is to that goal. Xi will host Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un for the event in a defiant message to the Western nations that have shunned them.
The US and its allies will be closely watching the photo-op and the display of military might, which is expected to include anti-ship missiles, hypersonic weapons and underwater drones.
"The US Navy, while it still has significant advantages, is seeing the gap in its capabilities with China narrow and is struggling to find a way of answering that," Mr Childs says, "because its shipbuilding capacity has dwindled significantly over the past decades."
US President Donald Trump has said he wants to fix this, and has signed an executive order to revitalise US shipbuilding and retake America's maritime advantage.
That, Mr Childs adds, will be a "very tall order".
A navy to end the 'bitter memories'
Between 2019 and 2023, China's four largest shipyards - Dalian, Guangzhou, Jiangnan and Hudong-Zhonghua - produced 39 warships with a combined displacement of 550,000 tonnes, according to a study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
That is the volume of water they displace, which is the most common way of measuring the size of a vessel or fleet. In comparison, the UK's Royal Navy currently has an estimated total displacement of around 399,000 tonnes.
While China has the world's largest navy by number of vessels, the US fleet has a greater overall tonnage and is more powerful - with far more large aircraft carriers.
But Beijing is catching up.
"There's no sign that the Chinese are slowing down," says Alexander Palmer from the CSIS and author of the report, Unpacking China's Naval Buildup.
"Hull count [number of ships] is not the only measure of a navy's effectiveness of course, but the ability to produce and churn out warships has been extremely impressive and could make a strategic difference."


There are still limits on China's naval rise. Beijing may have more ships, but it only has two operational aircraft carriers, and its navy has far fewer submarines than the US.
Some analysts argue they are also not as sophisticated as the American ones, which have a technological head start going back to the the Cold War.
The Chinese subs are also largely built for the shallower South China Sea, where a game of cat-and-mouse with the US is already under way. For now, China's ability to travel far from its own coastline is limited.
But there are signs this is changing, and fast.
Satellite imagery obtained by BBC Verify from Hainan, a Chinese island province in the South China Sea, suggests Beijing is pouring significant funding into expanding its naval bases.
The base at Yulin has five new piers which appear to have been constructed in the last five years. It is thought China plans to base all of its largest submarines, the Jin-class (or Type 094), in this port. These new subs can carry 12 nuclear missiles each.
Photographs and footage of rehearsals, shared on Chinese social media, suggest that at least two new types of unmanned underwater drones, which look like large torpedoes, will be among the new systems on show at next week's parade.
These could allow China to carry out surveillance deep underwater and detect other submarines or even undersea cables without risking its own naval forces.
Much of the technology is still "unproven and the timeline of its capabilities is still unclear", cautions Matthew Funaiole from CSIS's China Power Project. "The big question is how long will it take for the technology to mature."
And that's why the US cannot overlook the threat China's shipbuilding represents, he adds.
The country's vast naval buildup is being propelled by a party that is still reeling from the pains of the past - and is more than willing to channel them to buttress its message of loyalty, power and patriotism.
Holding a massive military parade to commemorate the victory over Japan, and the end of its brutal occupation, is testament to that.


What the rest of the world sees as China's rise, Xi sees as its resurgence.
He has touted the value of a "strong navy to safeguard national security". He cites 470 invasions between 1840 and 1949 - as the once-powerful Qing empire cracked, China plunged into turmoil, revolution and civil war, bringing "untold suffering".
And he has vowed that his country will never again be "humiliated" or relive those "bitter memories of foreign assaults".
Where China has an undeniable edge is the dual use of shipyards. Many of those that support commercial production can also help produce warships for the navy.
Military and civilian shipyards work hand in hand in some places, which state media describes as "military-civilian fusion", a concept Xi has pushed hard.
Dalian, which Beijing calls a "flagship shipyard", plays a big part in this.


In full view of the picnicking pensioners waving karaoke mics are huge commercial ships, some as long as three football fields.
But just around the corner, berthed where no-one can take pictures, is a group of military vessels. There, a crane is lowering a helicopter onto the huge deck of a ship, as a marching band bellows in Suoyuwan park.
"This is a politically motivated agenda to merge both the commercial and military entities together," Mr Funaiole says. "There are efforts to bring the technology needed to build both into a centralised location – Dalian is one of them."
That is why even without powerful aircraft carriers or submarines, China's commercial fleet and its expertise in building ships quickly can be key during a crisis, he adds.


"In any protracted conflict, if you have shipyards that quickly produce new ships, this is a huge strategic advantage," Mr Funaiole says. "Commercial ships can transport food etc into any conflict zone. Without this, the US is in a position where it might not be able to sustain a prolonged war effort."
It boils down to a straight question, he says: "Who can put more assets into the water more quickly and readily?"
The answer, at the moment, is China.
'Hide your strength, bide your time'
But the world should not worry, says Prof Hu Bo, director of the Center for Maritime Strategy Studies at Peking University.
"We have no interest in interfering in the business of other countries, especially militarily," he adds. His message is that China is building big ships because it can, not because it wants to take over the world.
There is one island which China does not see as another country: Taiwan.
Beijing has long vowed to "reunify" with the democratic island and has not ruled out the use of force. In recent years, high-ranking US officials have declared that China will invade Taiwan by 2027, but Beijing denies there is a deadline.
"China already has the capacity to take Taiwan back," Prof Hu Bo says, "but China doesn't do that because we have patience. China has never given up on the prospect of peaceful unification. We can wait."


The bigger concern is that any attack on Taiwan could trigger a wider war, and involve the US. Washington is bound by law to provide arms to help Taiwan defend itself - support which is unacceptable to Beijing for what is considers a breakaway province that will eventually be part of China.
Earlier this year US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth warned that China posed an "imminent" threat to Taiwan, and urged Asian countries to boost defence spending and work with the US to deter war.
So despite Prof Hu Bo's assurances, it is hard to ignore the fact that China's warships are beginning to sail further from the country's shores.
In February, they were seen circumnavigating Australia's coastline for more than three weeks where they staged unprecedented live-fire drills.
More recently Chinese aircraft carriers conducted naval drills near Japan, sparking concern - although it was in international waters, the move was unprecedented.


As Beijing grows bolder in its attempts to project power in the Pacific, China's neighbours, from Taiwan to Australia, are worried that its famous mantra is paying off: "hide your strength and bide your time".
But Prof Hu Bo believes that fears of a conflict between the US, whose allies in the region - Japan, South Korea and Australia - are often at odds with China, are overblown, because they all know it could be catastrophic.
"In the last three years, I think the signal is very clear that both sides don't want to fight," he says. "We are prepared for that, but we don't want to fight with each other."
'We defend our ocean dream'
Back in Dalian, around an hour's drive from the vibrant city, tourists are arriving by the coach load in the naval fortress town of Lushunkou, which also has a military theme park in the shape of an aircraft carrier.
Guides on loud microphones lead their groups into the park, pointing to the official notices warning visitors not to photograph the military vessels moored in the crescent-shaped harbour and to report any behaviour that might be construed as spying "to help defend the Motherland".
More military notices on bridges and walls declare, "united as one, we defend our ocean dream".
China has fostered pride in its shipbuilding prowess, especially here in Dalian.


At the theme park, which also overlooks the shipyard, a 50-year-old blogger dressed in the local fashion - a floral pattern shirt - is giving his followers their daily rundown of the latest ships being built in the port.
"I am very proud – really, look at what this city gives us," he announces to his followers. A mother and her seven-year-old daughter, on holiday from the neighbouring province, marvel at the ships. "I was amazed. It's huge. How does it sail, I wonder?"
The key question for the US and its allies is how far can China's war fleet sail, and how far from its shores is Beijing prepared to venture.
"At what point will they will break out and be able to really show influence further afield, for example, in the Indian Ocean and beyond, will be a key thing to look at," Nick Childs says.
"They still have a significant way to go, but they are that they are certainly pushing the boundaries."
More parents to get childcare funding as nurseries struggle with demand


The final phase of the largest-ever expansion of publicly funded childcare support has begun in England, as thousands of working parents receive more help with their nursery costs.
Those eligible are now able to access 30 hours of childcare per week during term-time, paid for by the government, for their children aged nine months to four years.
Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said it was a "landmark moment" for working families, and that the scheme would "put money back in working parents' pockets".
But parents say they are facing long waiting lists for places, with nurseries warning that staff shortages are limiting their availability.
Parents Josh Harper and Chloe Hart say their 18-month-old son Oakley's name was the first one on the waiting list at his new nursery in Altrincham.
The £240-a-month saving on fees, which are falling from £1,130 to £889 because of the scheme extending from 15 hours to 30 hours of funded care, "just releases that little bit of stress", mum Chloe says.
"It is a significant saving and one that does really help us," dad Josh adds.
Both teachers, the couple were keen to secure a place, aware that demand has been rising.


The government had estimated that about 70,000 extra places would be needed by this September to accommodate that increase in demand.
The number of spaces is rising but availability varies across the country – and nurseries and childminders say inquiries for places have "gone through the roof" from families eligible for the extra funding.
"A few years ago, the percentage of families getting the funding was probably 20%, now I'd say it's nearly 95% of families," George Apel says as he shows me around the newly opened Altrincham Day Nursery, the Apel family's seventh nursery.
"Parents are having to be a lot more flexible with their acceptance of what days are available. Before, parents could try to match their childcare to their job, now they're actually matching their job to their childcare availability."
For Rachael Darbyshire, who lives in Bolton, the search for a childcare place for her return to work next summer has proved challenging.
Although she started her search before six-week-old Gabriel was born, all of her local nurseries have waiting lists up until September 2026.
"It is a massive help and will bring our bill down from £1200 to around £800, but the biggest issue is that it is only great if you can actually get a childcare place," Rachael says.
"It's all well and good saying that there are these hours available, but if the childcare places are not there, then it's not really supporting women in returning to work."


Some parents are going to extra lengths to make themselves eligible for the funded hours as early as possible.
Rachel Williams, from Warwick, says she was thinking about the scheme before the birth of her twins in 2022, when doctors told her she would need a Caesarean four weeks early.
She opted to have the procedure at the end of that March, rather than the beginning of April, so she wouldn't miss the deadline for being eligible for funded hours at the start of the April term.
"My friends all laughed at me, but it was a really conscious decision and it's definitely saved us thousands and thousands of pounds," she says.
If the twins were born in April, they wouldn't have been eligible for funded hours until the September entry points.
"You shouldn't really have to be thinking about that," Rachel says.


Research from the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) suggests that workforce issues could be a key barrier to delivering the promised offer to parents, with low pay and limited progression opportunities a constant challenge for staff.
It is estimated the sector needs 35,000 more staff to provide the funded hours expansion, and the NFER says even if that figure is reached, there are likely to be regional discrepancies.
The government says the number of staff delivering funded childcare in nurseries rose to 272,500 this year - up by 18,200 from 2024, which it said was the highest increase on record.
It has been offering a £1,000 incentive for new recruits, or for people rejoining the workforce in some areas.
But Mr Apel says "retention is arguably more important than recruitment".
The nursery has started its own recruitment company because of the struggle to bring in and keep early years workers.
The number of childminders has also been continuing its long-term decline, with Ofsted figures showing the numbers falling by 1,000 in the last year.
'Free' childcare
There has also been confusion around what is "free" as part of the scheme, and what has to be paid for.
The government-funded hours cover term-time only, and providers say the funding rates, particularly for children aged three and four, are lower than the costs.
It means many nurseries are putting up their prices. A University of Bath study tracking fees over the past 18 months found that they have risen fastest in areas with the lowest government funding, which it says could deepen regional inequalities.
"Parents are phoning up, they're looking for this thing that's been called 'free', and then they are met with additional charges, for meals or nappies," says Sarah Ronan, from the Early Education and Childcare Coalition, which represents childcare providers and charities.
"The sector has been tasked with rolling out the biggest expansion of childcare in history, and they're doing it in a really constrained financial environment."
She says without extra funding, providers may reduce the number of hours they can offer and pause their recruitment plans, further limiting the availability of places.
Joeli Brearley, founder of the Pregnant The Screwed campaign group and the parent support programme Growth Spurt, says there is "a tussle between parents and providers" who are both struggling.
"For parents, it's really complicated, it's not really working," Ms Brearley says.
"We are hearing from parents who are moving their C-section day in order to fit in with the funding criteria, we're hearing from women who say they've gone to their midwife for a sweep to try and bring labour on faster, and people that are asking for inductions earlier just so they can fit with the funding criteria - and that is madness."
A survey by Growth Spurt and Women in Data suggests that many parents are paying extra consumable fees of £15 a day.
The government has issued guidance saying any additional costs need to be laid out clearly and are optional, but nurseries say charging for extras is the only way to make up the shortfall.


There is also concern about those being left out.
Parents who are ineligible for the entitlements pay £205 per week more for a child under two, according to Coram Family and Childcare.
The charity says a child with working parents eligible for the entitlements will receive three times as much government-funded early education than a disadvantaged child by the time they start school.
Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson said the scheme was designed to give children "the best start in life", and provide a "huge boost" to the economy.
"And this is just the beginning," she added.
"My vision for early years goes beyond this milestone. I want access to high-quality early years for every single family that needs it, without strings and without unfair charges.
"Over the next few years, that is my commitment to parents."
The public have chosen the next storm names - get ready for Amy, Bram and Chandra
Met Office releases new storm names for 2025-26

- Published
The first of September marks the beginning of autumn in the meteorological world as well as the start of the annual 'storm season'.
It also heralds a new list of storm names as chosen by members of the public.
This year look out for Amy, Bram and Chandra which are due to be the first few named storms of the season.
They are named by the UK Met Office, Ireland's Met Éireann or the Netherlands' KNMI when they are forecast to cause "medium" or "high" impacts.
How are storm names chosen?

This year more than 50,000 suggestions for storm names were submitted to the Met Office from across the UK, Netherlands and Ireland.
The final selection includes some of the most popular choices as well as names which have a story behind them.
For example, named storm number four will be Dave, described by the nominator as named for "my beloved husband who can snore three times louder than any storm".
Stevie was inspired by a little girl named after the Stevie Nicks song, Dreams - which includes the line: "Thunder only happens when it's raining."
The names are selected to reflect the diversity of each region and assessed for pronunciation, differing meanings across countries, links to public figures, and potential controversy.
Why are storms named?
The Met Office started naming storms in 2015. In the UK, storms are named when they are likely to cause disruption or damage that could lead to an amber or red warning.
This decision is based on both the potential impact of the weather and how likely it is to happen.
Storms are typically named based on the impacts of strong winds. Although other weather-related effects are also taken into account, like heavy rainfall or snow which may lead to flooding or travel disruption.
As a result, storms can be named not only for wind impacts but also for significant effects from rain or snow.
Using one official system to name storms helps to share clear and consistent information about severe weather, making it easier for the public to stay safe.
Rebekah Hicks, chief meteorologist at the Met Office, believes that it is a system that works: "We know that for Storm Floris, just a few weeks ago, surveys found that 93% of people in the amber warning area were aware of the alerts, with 83% taking action to prepare."
Who decides what name a storm has?
In Europe, the UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands form the western storm-naming group.
Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg make up the south-western group, while Norway, Sweden, and Denmark comprise the northern group.

Map of Europe showing European storm naming groups
To avoid confusion, the remnants of a tropical storm or hurricane that crosses the Atlantic will keep its original name, for example ex-Hurricane Erin, which brought a large swell to South West England in August 2025.
If such a system goes on to meet the UK's criteria for storm naming, the name will remain the same but will be used in the form 'Storm Erin'.
To ensure consistency with the US National Hurricane Centre naming conventions, names that begin with the letters Q, U, X, Y and Z are not used.
How many named storms were there in the 2024/25 season?
In the UK there were six named storms. The most recent - Storm Floris - hit in early August, notable for its wind strength during the summer months.
Gusts of 82mph were recorded in northern Scotland.
Before that it was Storm Eowyn in January, the most powerful windstorm in the UK for over a decade with gusts of over 135mph.
It particularly affected Northern Ireland and Scotland's Central Belt.
Overall it was a much quieter season than the previous one (2023/24) when we saw 12 named storms - the most in a season since the naming of storms started in 2015.
What impact has climate change had on UK storms?
Detecting long-term trends is challenging, as windstorm activity naturally fluctuates from year-to-year and across decades.
Currently, there is no clear evidence of an increase or decrease in the number or intensity of windstorms.
Scientists are more confident that the coastal impacts of windstorms, from storm surges and high waves will worsen as sea-levels rise.
Climate change is making our weather more extreme and a warmer world means that when it does rain, those rains tend to be heavier with more flooding risks.
- Published30 July
- Published24 August

Click here to play 'Cooler than me?'
Judge blocks Trump administration move to deport Guatemalan children


A US judge has temporarily blocked an attempt by the Trump administration to deport dozens of unaccompanied Guatemalan children back to their home country.
District Court Judge Sparkle Sooknanan's order on Sunday was in response to reports children had been put onto planes and were about to be sent to Guatemala, where lawyers argued they would be at risk of abuse and persecution.
The children arrived in the US alone and are in government custody while their immigration claims are assessed.
Lawyers for the US justice department said the children were not being deported, but rather repatriated so they could be reunited with family.
The legal proceedings were sparked early on Sunday when immigrant advocacy groups asked for an emergency injunction, claiming around 600 children could be put on planes in Texas and deported.
Judge Sooknanan then issued a temporary restraining order barring officials from sending a group of 10 migrant children between the ages of 10 and 17 to Guatemala.
At a hastily arranged hearing on Sunday afternoon, Judge Sooknanan, who was nominated by former President Joe Biden, expanded the order to cover all unaccompanied children said to be at risk of deportation. The order will be in place for 14 days.
At the hearing, Judge Sooknanan sought assurances from Trump administration lawyers that planes had not already departed with the children on board.
Deputy Assistant Attorney General Drew Ensign said all planes were "on the ground" in the US. He told the judge one plane may have taken off but had returned.
Ensign said the flights were not part of a deportation effort but for family reunifications with parents and other relatives in Guatemala.
He also said the Guatemalan government and the children's relatives had requested the reunifications. Advocacy groups said that was untrue in at least some cases.
In court filings, lawyers for the children argued the action was in violation of federal laws designed to protect children who arrive in the US alone. They said some of the children had pending cases before immigration judges and expressed credible fears about being returned.
"In the dead of night on a holiday weekend, the Trump administration ripped vulnerable, frightened children from their beds and attempted to return them to danger in Guatemala," Efrén C Olivares of the National Immigration Law Center, which filed the suit, said in a statement.
"We are heartened the court prevented this injustice from occurring before hundreds of children suffered irreparable harm."
White House immigration advisor Stephen Miller criticised the judge for blocking the flights.
"The minors have all self-reported that their parents are back home in Guatemala," he wrote on X. "But a Democrat judge is refusing to let them reunify with their parents."
Since the start of his second term, Trump has embarked on sweeping efforts to remove undocumented migrants - a key election promise that drew mass support during this campaign.
In June, the US Supreme Court cleared the way for Trump to resume deportations of migrants to countries other than their homeland without giving them the chance to raise the risks they might face.
Canada's first lunar rover looks to future space exploration


In a shopping plaza an hour outside Toronto, flanked by a day spa and a shawarma joint, sits a two-storey building with blue tinted windows reflecting the summer sun.
It is the modest headquarters of Canadensys Aerospace, where Canada is charting its first trip to the Moon.
Canadensys is developing the first-ever Canadian-built rover for exploring the Earth's only natural satellite, in what will be the first Canadian-led planetary exploration endeavour.
Models, maps and posters of outer space line the office walls, while engineers wearing anti-static coats work on unfamiliar-looking machines.
Sending this rover to the Moon is part of the company's "broader strategy of really moving humanity off the Earth", Dr Christian Sallaberger, Canadensys' president and CEO, told the BBC.
Learning about the Moon - which is seen to have the potential to become a base for further space exploration - is the "logical first step", he said.
"People get all excited about science fiction films when they come out. You know, Star Wars or Star Trek. This is the real thing."


The Canadian vehicle is part of Nasa's Artemis programme, which aims to establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon.
As part of that overarching goal, this rover aims to find water and measure radiation levels on the lunar surface in preparation for future manned missions, and survive multiple lunar nights (equivalent to about 14 days on Earth).
The rover will also demonstrate Canadian technology, building on Canada's history in space.
Canada was the third country to launch a satellite, designed the Canadarm robotic arms for the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station, and is known for astronauts such as Chris Hadfield and Jeremy Hansen - the latter of whom will orbit the Moon on the Artemis II mission next year.
The 35kg rover is scheduled to be launched as part of a Nasa initiative in 2029 at the earliest. It will land on the Moon's south polar region - one of the most inhospitable places on the lunar surface.
The vehicle does not have a name yet. The Canadian Space Agency held an online competition to select one, and is expected to announce the winner in the future.


Canadensys is currently working on several prototypes of the rover. The final vehicle, Mr Sallaberger said, would be assembled shortly before launch.
Each component is tested to ensure it can survive the Moon's harsh conditions.
Temperature is one of the main obstacles. Lunar nights can plummet to -200C (-328F) and rise to a scorching daytime of 100C (212F).
"It's one of the biggest engineering challenges we have because it's not so much even surviving the cold temperature, but swinging between very cold and very hot," he said.
Designing the wheels is another challenge, as the Moon's surface is covered with a sticky layer of fragmented rock and dust called regolith.
"Earth dirt, if you look at it microscopically, has been weathered off. It's more or less in a round shape; but on the Moon the lunar dirt soil is all jagged," Mr Sallaberger said.
"It's like Velcro dirt," he said, noting it "just gums up mechanisms".


The search for water on the lunar surface is especially exciting, considering the Moon was generally thought to be bone dry following the Apollo missions in the 1960s and 70s, the US human spaceflight programme led by Nasa.
That perception changed in 2008, Dr Gordon Osinski, the mission's chief scientist, told the BBC, when researchers re-analysed some Apollo mission samples and found particles of water.
Around the same time, space crafts observing the Moon detected its presence from orbit.
It has yet to be verified on the ground and many questions remain, the professor at Western University in London, Ontario, said.
"Is it like a patch of ice the size of this table? The size of a hockey rink? Most people think, like in the Arctic, it's probably more like grains of ice mixed in with the soil," he said.
Water on the Moon could have huge implications for more sustainable exploration. He noted one of the heaviest things they need to transport is often water, so having a potential supply there would open doors.
Water molecules can also be broken down to obtain hydrogen, which is used in rocket fuel. Mr Osinski described a future where the Moon could become a sort of petrol station for spacecrafts.
"It gets more in the realms of sci- fi," he said.


Canada has wanted to build a lunar surface vehicle for decades, with talk of a Canadian-made spacecraft even in the early 2000s - but it was not until 2019 that concrete plans were announced.
Canadensys was awarded the C$4.7m ($3.4m; £2.5m) contract three years later.
Founded in 2013, Canadensys has worked on a variety of aerospace projects for organisations like Nasa and the Canadian Space Agency, as well as commercial clients.
More than 20 instruments built by the company have been used in a host of missions on the Moon.
But there are challenges ahead - as even landing on the Moon is no easy feat.
In March, a spacecraft by commercial US firm Intuitive Machines toppled over onto its side during landing, ending the mission prematurely.
Three months later, Japanese company iSpace's Resilience lost touch with Earth during its landing, and eventually failed.
"That's the nature of the business we're in," Mr Sallaberger said. "Things do go wrong, and we try to do the best we can to mitigate that."


Space exploration has been a collaborative field over the years, with countries - even rivals, such as the United States and Russia - working together on the International Space Station.
But that might be changing, Mr Osinski said. As the prospect of a permanent presence on the Moon becomes more realistic, wider geopolitical questions have begun to swirl around the ownership of the satellite.
"There's more talk around who owns the Moon and space resources," Mr Osinski said.
In 2021, the US passed a law to protect the Apollo Moon landing site "because they had a concern that China could just go and grab the US flag, or take a piece of an Apollo lander", he said.
But he had some encouraging words about the Artemis missions, which are "even way more international than the space station".
The Artemis Accords, which is a set of ideals to promote sustainable and peaceful exploration of outer space, has been signed by more than 50 countries - including ones like Uruguay, Estonia and Rwanda, which are not traditionally seen as key space race nations.
Space is also becoming more accessible. Private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin have taken an increasingly important role and are able to take anyone with the money and barely any training - like Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and pop star Katy Perry - into space for a few minutes.
But the Moon is the Holy Grail, as it opens up all sorts of possibilities.
Mr Sallaberger said that Canadensys is involved in longer-term projects, such as lunar greenhouses for food production.
Those still remain many years in the future, but the rover is a starting point.
"If you design something that can survive on the lunar surface long-term, you're pretty bulletproof anywhere else in the solar system."
The Papers: 'Camilla saw off attacker with shoe' and 'Farage scare tactics'






















Sign up for our morning newsletter and get BBC News in your inbox.

