© Gregorio Borgia/Associated Press
中国欠发达地区农村学生抑郁风险高于全国平均水平，学生手机沉迷现象严重，初中阶段尤为突出。
中国科学院心理研究所与社会科学文献出版社近日联合发布《心理健康蓝皮书：中国国民心理健康发展报告（2023~2024）》，当中《2024年我国欠发达地区农村学生心理健康报告》（下称“报告”）披露上述信息。
该研究由中国发展研究基金会委托中国科学院心理所国民心理健康评估发展中心与北京成英公益基金会联合开展。调查采集有效样本13992份，对象涵盖小学五年级到高二年级的学生，平均年龄14.6岁，其中男生占50.2%，汉族占75.7%，住校生占65.4%。
报告指出，农村学生抑郁风险检出率高于以往中国青少年抑郁风险检出率。其中，21.5%的农村学生有轻度抑郁风险，8.1%的农村学生有抑郁高风险，抑郁风险检出率是城市学生的1.5至2倍。抑郁风险反映存在抑郁情绪的可能性，不等同于临床评估诊断的抑郁症，也非患病率。
农村学生问题行为发生率突出，例如“不做作业或抄作业”、“骂人或说脏话”的行为发生率均超过半数，“与人争吵”的发生率也达46%。分年级来看，初三、高一、高二年级学生不做作业或抄作业的发生率均超过60%。
而学生的学业表现与其心理健康状态紧密联系。根据学生的自我报告，39.3%的农村学生成绩处于60-70分区间，15.8%日常成绩不及格。随着分数的降低，抑郁风险检出率升高。
报告解释，60-70多分的成绩，实际上意味着存在一定的学习问题，有相当部分的所学内容没有掌握；日常成绩不及格的学生则意味着严重的学习问题。
研究还发现学生手机沉迷现象严重，初中阶段尤为突出。46.1%的学生倾向于不能忍受没有手机，43.8%的学生倾向于即使未使用手机也会一直想着它，均高于全国青少年水平。不同性别不同年级农村学生的手机沉迷倾向存在差异，初二女生表现出更强烈的手机沉迷倾向。
蓝皮书中另一专题报告《2024年不同人群短视频使用强度与心理健康状况调查报告》显示，农村户口、父母学历低或家庭经济状况差的青少年和大学生，以及中等学历、家庭人均可支配收入低的成年人，短视频使用强度更大；社会关系不佳，如留守青少年、父母关系不睦、师生或同学关系差的青少年或大学生，短视频使用强度也更大。长时间使用与更高的抑郁、焦虑得分及更低的自我满意度相关，青少年中，这一关系呈线性趋势。
家庭支持的薄弱增加了农村学生心理健康风险。报告指出，父母离异的学生抑郁高风险率（10.0%）高于父母结婚家庭（7.5%）。父母关系越差的学生抑郁风险越高，父母关系非常和睦的学生抑郁风险检出率最低，父母关系很不和睦的学生的抑郁风险检出率最高。
另外，父母长期外出、学生住校也会增加风险。相比于父母都在家、父母只有一方外出的学生，父母均外出的学生抑郁高风险率最高。
亲子沟通是父母提供有效支持的重要途径。当学生认为父母不了解自己遇到的困难时，其抑郁高风险检出率为认为父母了解的学生组的7倍。
与此同时，农村教育系统可以为学生提供的心理支持不足。在农村学校，心理健康师资普遍短缺。报告指出，79.7%的农村学校配备心理教师，但多为兼职，仅有少数学校有专职心理教师。
报告提出，青少年时期是个体心理发展的关键阶段。处在这一时期的个体的心理健康状态对其未来发展具有深远影响。相比城市青少年，欠发达地区农村学生的心理健康问题相对突出，主要表现在抑郁风险更高、学业适应困难、心理创伤发生率高、行为问题显著以及积极心理品质有待提升等方面。
大规模留守儿童因家庭结构破碎与情感支持缺失陷入困境，农村学校面临专业心理师资匮乏、课程体系薄弱的现实，叠加贫困、校园欺凌、低龄寄宿等压力源，形成系统性风险，亟需社会广泛关注与支持。
报告建议，应全面提升农村教师心理健康素养，建设农村学校心理健康工作队伍，强化家庭支持，促进家庭功能，借助新技术推动优质资源援助农村地区，加强心理课的活动设计与推广。
马克思的祖先来自中国。马克思的祖先是在元朝随蒙古大军从中国到达欧洲的。马克思的祖先在中国是回族人，再往前追溯也是周朝犹太人°的后裔。世界上的回族人和犹太人在历史上曾经有共同的源头，源于华夏族群。
马克思的家族具有穆斯林文化传统。有关马克思的文献中没有发现马克思吃猪肉的记录。马克思不吃猪肉的原因是，他遵守了古兰经的规定。古兰经说猪肉是肮脏的，非法的。古兰经禁止吃猪肉。马克思的妻子马燕妮也是来自穆斯林家族。按照穆斯林文化习俗，如果夫妻两人有一方是穆斯林，另外一方一般也是穆斯林。如果婚前不是穆斯林，婚后也会遵循穆斯林文化习俗。马克思的妻子马燕妮来自穆斯林家族，马克思在生活上也会遵循穆斯林不吃猪肉的习俗。马克思死后，墓前没有石人、石马，符合穆斯林的简葬习俗。马克思的家族是回族。在中国的民族认定中，70万犹太人曾经被认定为回族。如今世界回族人中有许多是犹太人。
马克思的父亲海因利希，原本叫做希尔谢·哈列维·马克思，是犹太教士。马克思的爷爷也是犹太教士，也是梅因兹（Mainz）著名犹太教士哈列维的后裔。哈列维之子敏兹是帕都亚的犹太教典学校负责人。马克思的母亲普列思博克同样是著名学者与贤人后裔的拉比之女。
拉比（Rabbi）是接受过正规犹太教育，系统学习过《塔纳赫》、《塔木德》等犹太教（Judaism）经典，担任犹太人社团或犹太教教会精神领袖或在犹太经学院中传授犹太教教义者，主要为有学问的学者。2～6世纪曾作为口传律法汇编者的称呼。后在犹太教社团中，指受过正规宗教教育，熟悉《圣经》和口传律法而担任犹太教会众精神领袖或宗教导师的人。
在纳粹德国期间，欧洲的回族人和犹太人受到严重迫害。马克思的后裔家族逃亡到世界各地。在马克思的后裔中，生活在马来西亚的约有8000多人，基本上都是穆斯林。
马克思一生共有过6个孩子。1858年，他在一封给恩格斯的信中写道：“对于一个有远大抱负的人来说，最愚蠢的莫过于结婚生子，使自己被家庭琐碎的小事束缚起来。”
马克思先后遭到德国、比利时及法国政府的驱逐。最后，他来到了伦敦，从事他那伟大的工作，抚育孩子。长子海涅出生不久便夭折了，马克思把孩子的死视为“资本主义罪恶制度下，穷人悲惨境遇的牺牲品”。两年后，又遭次子弗朗西斯卡夭折。1852年，马克思在书信中写道：“我的妻子病了，女儿珍妮病了，我无法而且从来无法请医生为她们诊治，更无钱买药。上周，我还能为孩子们买土豆和面包，可今天，我又能为他们买什么呢？”
马克思喜欢炒股。1864年6月，马克思给菲利普写信说，他在伦敦股票市场上赚了400英镑。同年7月4日，他在给恩格斯的信中说：“在最近的十天里，如果我有钱的话，那么我就能在股票市场上发了一笔。现在时机已经来了，只要有一点脑子和少量的钱，就能在伦敦股市赚大钱。”炒股票亏钱后依旧不愿意出去找工作。写作是他的最大兴趣。
马克思受到中国传统文化的影响，基本上相信人有来世。马克思给他的女婿信中写道：“我将一生奉献给了革命斗争。为此，我并不后悔。如果有来世，我还会这么做的，但是我不会再结婚了。但是，今生我非常想将我女儿从困苦生活的境遇中解脱出来，而不要像她母亲那样，为了生计而身心疲惫。”如果马克思往生后能够转世为人，可能不会再结婚。
马克思和其忠实的管家海伦·德穆恩曾有过一个私生子腓特烈。1851年，腓特烈·德穆恩出
生不久，就被托付给一对工人夫妇收养。腓特烈的学费由恩格斯提供。恩格斯一直自称是腓特烈的父亲。1895年，恩格斯在去世之前，将真相告诉了腓特烈和埃莱诺。他们同父异母，埃莱诺和腓特烈后来成了挚友。腓特烈在伦敦默默无闻地度过一生。腓特烈于1929年去世，享年78岁。他是马克思的子女中是惟一活着看到俄国“十月革命”胜利的人。
马克思的女儿去世后，其中有的后裔也转世为人。中国广州武台寺印幸法师°的前世曾经是马克思的女儿。关于马克思及其女儿与中国印幸法师前世的关系，印幸法师将会写文章进行说明。
《俄罗斯报》记者切尔卡希在伦敦乘坐出租车时，发现司机安东尼·马克思是马克思的后裔。他车上挂的卡尔·马克思的小幅画像，镶在精致的铜框里。司机与马克思长得很像。司机说马克思他是他的高祖。马克思的女儿是司机的曾祖母。
马克思一生经历长达四十年的流亡生活。1843年他被迫卸任《莱茵报》主编，带着一家老小走上流亡之路。1848年12月，普鲁士政府剥夺了马克思的国籍。从此马克思开始了长达三十五年没有国籍的生活，直到去世。“我是世界公民。”这是马克思的名言，也是马克思流亡生涯的真实写照。
马克思的祖先是来自中国元朝的穆斯林。如果再往前追溯，马克思的回族马姓氏族源于西周周文王的后裔，也是西周犹太人族群的后裔。西周犹太人族群中的马氏家族属于西周王族的一支。西周第一个国都是耶路撒冷。中国的周文王、周武王和周成王分别是《圣经》和《古兰经》记载的扫罗王、大卫王和所罗门王。马克思的回族马姓氏族在西周时期属于以色列犹太人族群。
想到了彭帅事件
© Pool photo by Ludovic Marin
© Betty Partin/CDC, via BSIP SA/Alamy
Metropolitan Police handout and social mediaSix Bulgarians convicted of spying for Russia face significant jail terms when they are sentenced at the Old Bailey in London on Monday.
Orlin Roussev, Biser Dzhambazov, Katrin Ivanova, Tihomir Ivanchev, Ivan Stoyanov and Vanya Gaberova will be sentenced for their part in a Russian spy ring run from a 33-room Great Yarmouth guest house.
Prosecutor Alison Morgan KC said double figure sentences were appropriate for many of the defendants, who she said had endangered lives and harmed national security.
Evidence placed before the court this week has revealed new details of the spy cell's activities as well as their controller for Russian intelligence services Jan Marsalek's life on the run.
A Telegram exchange from August 2021 between Marsalek, an Austrian fugitive who fled fraud charges in Germany, and the UK spy cell's leader, Roussev, indicates the pair were contracted by the CIA to organise an evacuation flight from Kabul airport shortly before a suicide bombing.
"Interesting request from our friends, sort of, at the CIA," Marsalek wrote to Roussev on 17 August 2021. "They urgently need aircraft to fly out contractors from Afghanistan."
In subsequent messages Roussev and Marsalek planned the airlift.
"In the end, they did it," Mark Summers KC said in mitigation for Roussev on Thursday.
"We don't offer that as some humanitarian effort. It was, as with everything else Mr Roussev does, fixing for money. Mr Roussev is not an anti-western ideologue."
On Friday, Rupert Bowers KC, on behalf of Ivanova, told the court that she had been "lied to and manipulated by her partner" Dzhambazov.
Ivanchev's barrister, Mozammel Hossain KC, said his client was the "ultimate minion" and an "outsider in this case".
Stoyanov, according to his barrister Hossein Zahir KC, was "remorseful" and "accepts he acted in a selfish way".
Peter Wright KC said that the messages that Dzhambazov sent did not "contain proposals of harm" and that his client "embellished" his actions to make more money from them.
Further messages, which were not included in evidence during an earlier trial of Ivanova, Ivanchev and Gaberova, reveal Marsalek and Roussev plotted to trade weapons for diamonds.
"We can collect and inspect the diamonds in either Angola, Belgium Congo, Kenya," Roussev wrote to Marsalek.
"These guys want to spend around 60 million on guns and light infantry vehicles and pay with diamonds," he added later.
When Marsalek asked who the end client was, Roussev said: "Allegedly only government… but who knows…"
InterpolMarsalek, who is reported to be in Moscow, is the subject of an Interpol Red Notice, following his escape from justice.
Messages reveal he has had plastic surgery to alter his appearance as well as details of his life as a fugitive.
"I'm off to bed. Had another cosmetic surgery, trying to look differently, and I am dead tired and my head hurts," Marsalek wrote to Roussev on Telegram in February 2022.
In another, dated 11 May 2021, Roussev congratulated Marsalek for learning Russian.
"Well I am trying to improve my skills on a few fronts. Languages is one of them," the Austrian responded.
"In my new role as an international fugitive I must outperform James Bond."
In September that year, Marsalek wrote to Roussev complaining about being forced to drink a bottle of gin by "some deep-state guys who's [sic] names no one knows" while stuck between them, "the mafia, half of Russia's ambassadors, the GRU" and "a dozen naked girls".
During an exchange of messages between the pair in April 2021, Marsalek joked to Roussev: "Together we can pretty much organise anything they need except nukes. Even the nukes if they pay."
Ivanova, Gaberova and Ivanchev were convicted of conspiracy to spy for Russia in March following a lengthy trial.
Roussev, Dzhambazov and Stoyanov had previously pleaded guilty.
At the direction of Marsalek, acting on behalf of Russian intelligence services, the cell conducted surveillance operations on targets including investigative journalists, Russian dissidents and political figures.
They targeted Ukrainian soldiers believed to be training to use Patriot Missile Systems at a German military base, in an apparent effort to assist the neutralisation of Ukrainian air defences.
Roussev and Marsalek plotted murder and kidnap in service of the Kremlin, though these plans were never realised.
Ms Morgan read statements from victims of the spy ring's surveillance on Thursday. Christo Grozev, a Bulgarian investigative journalist said it had a "profound and enduring impact" on his life. He described it as "terrifying, disorientating and deeply destabilising".
"The consequences are not easily reversed," he said. "For my family and me the damage is ongoing."
Getty ImagesA diver has died during preliminary operations to recover British tech tycoon Mike Lynch's superyacht from the waters off the coast of northern Sicily, local police said.
The accident happened on Friday happened while the diver was underwater in Porticello, police said, adding the precise cause of death was still unknown.
According to local Italian media, the diver was a 39-year-old Dutch national who worked for a specialist salvage company.
It comes as salvage ships arrived earlier this month to waters off the small port of Porticello, near Palermo, where the Bayesian vessel sank during freak weather last August.
Seven of the 22 people onboard the Bayesian last summer were killed, including Mr Lynch, 59, and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah.
Morgan Stanley International bank chairman Jonathan Bloomer, 70, and his wife, Judy, 71, US lawyer Chris Morvillo, his wife Neda Morvillo and the yacht's chef Recaldo Thomas, who was originally from Antigua, also died in the sinking on 19 August.
Fifteen people managed to escape on a lifeboat including a one-year-old and Mr Lynch's wife Angela Bacares.
The cause of the sinking is still under investigation with naval experts saying a yacht of Bayesian's calibre should have been able to withstand the storm and certainly should not have sunk as rapidly as it did.
PA MediaThe salvage operation is being overseen by British marine consultancy TMC Marine and led by Dutch-based companies Hebo, a maritime services company from Rotterdam, and SMIT Salvage, with support from Italian specialists.
About 70 specialist personnel have been deployed to Sicily from across Europe to work on the recovery operation.
On Thursday, the team said on-site preparations were on schedule and "significant progress" had been made over the past five days.
Analysis of the yacht and the surrounding seabed confirmed there had been no change to its condition since the last inspection, meaning plans to raise the vessel can now go ahead.
Work to move the Bayesian into an upright position and lift it to the surface was scheduled to begin later this month - subject to suitable weather and sea conditions.
Before the vessel is transported to port, sea water will be pumped out of it.
PERINI NAVI PRESS OFFICEBefore the Bayesian is raised it will be held in position by steel slings, as salvage workers detach the vessel's extensive rigging and 72m (236ft) mast, thought to be one of the tallest in the world.
These will then be stored on the seabed and recovered after the team has recovered the ship's hull, which investigators say is a primary source of evidence.
There has not been any pollution from the yacht reported, with conditions being monitored and efforts made to secure its tank vents and openings.
Inquest proceedings in the UK are looking at the deaths of Mr Lynch and his daughter, as Mr and Mrs Bloomer, who were all British nationals.
Mr Lynch and his daughter were said to have lived in the vicinity of London, and the Bloomers lived in Sevenoaks in Kent.
The tycoon founded software giant Autonomy in 1996 and was cleared in June last year of carrying out a massive fraud over the sale of the firm to Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 2011.
The boat trip was a celebration of his acquittal in the case in the US.
AFP via Getty ImagesMexico is suing Google for ignoring repeated requests not to call the Gulf of Mexico the Gulf of America on Google Maps for US users, President Claudia Sheinbaum says.
She did not say where the lawsuit had been filed. Google did not respond to the BBC's request for comment.
On Thursday, the Republican-led House of Representatives voted to officially rename the Gulf for federal agencies.
President Donald Trump signed an executive order on his first day in office in January.
He argued the change was justified because the US "do most of the work there, and it's ours".
However Sheinbaum's government contends that Trump's order applies only to the US portion of the continental shelf.
"All we want is for the decree issued by the US government to be complied with," she said, asserting that the US lacks the authority to rename the entire gulf.
In January, Sheinbaum wrote a letter to Google asking the firm to reconsider its decision to rename the Gulf of Mexico for US users. The following month, she threatened legal action.
At the time, Google said it made the change as part of "a longstanding practice" of following name changes when updated by official government sources.
It said the Gulf - which is bordered by the US, Cuba and Mexico - would not be changed for people using the app in Mexico, and users elsewhere in the world will see the label: "Gulf of Mexico (Gulf of America)".
The Associated Press (AP) news agency's refusal to start referring to the Gulf of America led to a months-long conflict with the White House, which restricted AP's access to certain events.
A federal judge ordered the White House in April to stop sidelining the outlet.
Trump hinted Wednesday that he may recommend changing the way the US refers to another body of water.
During an upcoming visit to Saudi Arabia, he plans to announce that the US will henceforth refer to the Persian Gulf as the Arabian Gulf or the Gulf of Arabia, AP reported.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi has responded by saying he hopes the "absurd rumours" are "no more than a disinformation campaign" and such a move would "bring the wrath of all Iranians".
A federal judge has ordered the release of a Turkish student at Tufts University who is being held in Louisiana after US immigration officials arrested her in Massachusetts.
Rumeysa Ozturk, 30, testified virtually at a court hearing on Friday, where US District Judge William Sessions said the student met all the conditions needed for release and lambasted the government's case against her, according to BBC news partner CBS.
"Her continued detention chills the speech of millions in this country who are not citizens," the judge said.
Ms Otzurk co-authored an opinion piece in her campus newspaper that was critical of Israel's war. Her arrest follows the White House's crackdown on what it has classified as antisemitism on US campuses.
The US Department of Homeland Security had accused Ms Ozturk of "engag[ing] in activities in support of Hamas, a foreign terrorist organization that relishes the killing of Americans". The government did not call any witnesses during the hearing.
After the judge's ruling, a DHS spokesperson responded: "Visas provided to foreign students to live and study in the United States are a privilege not a right. The Trump administration is committed to restoring the rule of law and common sense to our immigration system, and will continue to fight for the arrest, detention, and removal of aliens who have no right to be in this country."
Videos of Ms Ozturk's arrest in March, showing masked plain-clothes officers handcuffing her and taking her into an unmarked car after a Ramadan celebration, sparked nation-wide protests.
Earlier this week, the judge ordered that Ms Ozturk be transferred by 14 May to immigration authorities in Vermont, where she was last held before she was taken to Louisiana.
The judge said Friday that she should be released immediately without travel restrictions, so she can go to Vermont or Massachusetts, where Tufts is located, as needed.
He heard from a number of witnesses in the case, including Ms Ozturk, her doctor and a Tufts University professor.
During her testimony, Ms Ozturk told the court about her Fulbright scholarship and her PhD work. She said her asthma condition had worsened during detainment, and at one point, had to take a short break after suffering an asthma attack on camera.
After hearing from witnesses for the defence, Judge Sessions said Ms Ozturk had raised "very substantial" claims that her First Amendment and due process rights were violated. He said the only evidence the administration had against Ms Ozturk was her op-ed.
"That literally is the case," he said, according to court reporters. "There is no evidence that she has engaged in violence or advocated violence."
In a statement, the American Civil Liberties Union, which is representing Ms Ozturk, said they were "delighted" by her release.
"Rümeysa can now return to her beloved Tufts community, resume her studies, and begin teaching again," said Noor Zafar, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU. "Today's ruling underscores a vital First Amendment principle: No one should be imprisoned by the government for expressing their beliefs."
Judge Sessions told the court that the government must notify him when Ms Ozturk is freed and said he would deny any motions to block her release.
The Trump administration has detained several international students - some legal residents - who have organised in support of Palestine.
Last week, a judge ordered the government to release Columbia University student Mohsen Mahdawi after immigration officials detained him during a naturalization interview.
The 34-year-old permanent resident was raised in a refugee camp in the West Bank and had been held at a facility in Vermont.
One of the highest profile cases thus far involves Columbia graduate Mahmoud Khalil, a prominent pro-Palestinian activist, who remains in a Louisiana detention facility without charges.
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Simon Mann, an Eton and Sandhurst-educated ex-SAS officer, who led a botched coup involving Margaret Thatcher’s son to overthrow the government of Equatorial Guinea, has died aged 72.
Mann led a group of 70 fellow mercenaries who were arrested in Zimbabwe in 2004 for attempting to topple Equatorial Guinea’s despotic president, Teodoro Obiang.
Mann and his friend Mark Thatcher admitted involvement in the attempted plot, which became known as the “wonga coup”. When the plot was revealed, Obiang threatened to eat Mann’s testicles and drag his naked body through the streets.
Mann served more than five years in two of the world’s most notorious jails before being pardoned by Obiang himself.
He had previously served in the Scots Guards and the SAS before setting up a number of security firms specialised in protecting oil installations.
In March 2004 Mann, Nick du Toit and three other South African mercenaries plotted Obiang’s overthrow with international financial backers and the tacit approval of at least three governments, most notably Spain.
The coup involved flying into the former Spanish colony in a plane loaded with arms and more than 50 black “Buffalo soldiers” – former members of the now disbanded South African defence forces’ elite 32 battalion– to replace Obiang with an exiled opposition activist called Severo Moto.
In return, the plotters and their backers were hoping to tap into Equatorial Guinea’s reserves of oil and natural gas. But their plane was intercepted by the Zimbabweans at Harare airport. A jubilant President Robert Mugabe threw Mann and his fellow conspirators into jail before handing them over to Equatorial Guinea where a court sentenced the mercenary to 34 years in jail.
In a note sent out to his legal team while he was being held, Mann implicated Thatcher, whom he referred to by the name Scratcher, in the coup. The note also pleaded for a “large splodge of wonga” and that Thatcher use his influence to secure his release.
In his trial, Mann admitted he had been approach by Ely Calil, a Lebanese oil tycoon who was a friend of Moto, who regarded himself as head of Equatorial Guinea’s government in exile.
Thatcher was alleged to have paid for a helicopter to fly Moto from Equatorial Guinea during the planned coup. He was fined and given a four-year suspended sentence for his part in the coup after admitting breaking anti-mercenary legislation. But he claimed he was only unwittingly involved in the plot.
In 2006 the plot was dramatised in Coup!, a TV movie written by the comic John Fortune.
After his pardon, Mann returned to the UK. He was married three times and had nine children. MailOnline reported that he had died earlier this week while exercising in a gym.
AFP via Getty ImagesMexico is suing Google for ignoring repeated requests not to call the Gulf of Mexico the Gulf of America on Google Maps for US users, President Claudia Sheinbaum says.
She did not say where the lawsuit had been filed. Google did not respond to the BBC's request for comment.
On Thursday, the Republican-led House of Representatives voted to officially rename the Gulf for federal agencies.
President Donald Trump signed an executive order on his first day in office in January.
He argued the change was justified because the US "do most of the work there, and it's ours".
However Sheinbaum's government contends that Trump's order applies only to the US portion of the continental shelf.
"All we want is for the decree issued by the US government to be complied with," she said, asserting that the US lacks the authority to rename the entire gulf.
In January, Sheinbaum wrote a letter to Google asking the firm to reconsider its decision to rename the Gulf of Mexico for US users. The following month, she threatened legal action.
At the time, Google said it made the change as part of "a longstanding practice" of following name changes when updated by official government sources.
It said the Gulf - which is bordered by the US, Cuba and Mexico - would not be changed for people using the app in Mexico, and users elsewhere in the world will see the label: "Gulf of Mexico (Gulf of America)".
The Associated Press (AP) news agency's refusal to start referring to the Gulf of America led to a months-long conflict with the White House, which restricted AP's access to certain events.
A federal judge ordered the White House in April to stop sidelining the outlet.
Trump hinted Wednesday that he may recommend changing the way the US refers to another body of water.
During an upcoming visit to Saudi Arabia, he plans to announce that the US will henceforth refer to the Persian Gulf as the Arabian Gulf or the Gulf of Arabia, AP reported.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi has responded by saying he hopes the "absurd rumours" are "no more than a disinformation campaign" and such a move would "bring the wrath of all Iranians".
EPASouth Africa has criticised the US amid reports it could receive white Afrikaners as refugees as early as next week.
A document seen by the BBC's US partner, CBS, describes the potential resettlement as a "priority" for President Donald Trump's government, however the timing has not been publicly confirmed by the White House.
In a statement published on Friday, South Africa's foreign ministry described the purported move as "politically motivated" and designed to undermine South Africa's "constitutional democracy".
In February President Trump described Afrikaners as victims of "racial discrimination" in an executive order, opening up the prospect for them to resettle in the US.
The South African authorities said they would not block the departures of those chosen for resettlement, but that the government had sought assurances from its American counterpart that those selected had been fully vetted and did not have pending criminal charges.
South Africa reiterated that allegations of discrimination against the country's white minority are unfounded, adding that crime statistics do not indicate that any racial group has been targeted in violent crimes on farms.
Some groups representing the rights of white farmers have said they are being deliberately killed because of their race.
A spokesperson for the US state department told the BBC they were interviewing individuals interested in resettling in the US, and prioritising "Afrikaners in South Africa who are victims of unjust racial discrimination", but would not confirm when the resettlement would begin.
The Trump administration has also accused South Africa of seizing land from white farmers without compensation, something Pretoria has repeatedly denied.
Getty Images/BBCGo to BBCAfrica.com for more news from the African continent.
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