This Hanukkah, We Need the Light of Hope

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times

© Meridith Kohut for The New York Times

© Valentina Petrova/Associated Press

© Lam Yik Fei for The New York Times
法新社香港电稿称,各国政府和人权组织周一12月15日谴责了香港亲民主媒体大亨黎智英的定罪,他在国家安全审判中被裁定三项控罪全部成立。北京方面则驳斥了国际上的强烈反对,指责批评者“抹黑”这个中国城市的司法系统。中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆表示,北京“坚定支持”香港“惩治危害国家安全的犯罪行为”。
法新社引述新闻观察者表示,此次审判凸显了在北京于 2019 年大规模、有时甚至是暴力的亲民主抗议活动后实施的国家安全法之下,新闻自由正在消亡。
美国和欧盟的外交官都在场旁听了判决宣布。欧盟驻港办事处副主任马提亚斯·考夫曼(Matthias Kaufmann)表示,他来到法庭是“为了表示对这些案件的密切关注”。
截稿前据法新社整理的反应摘要如下:
英国:“出于政治动机”
伦敦谴责对拥有英国公民身份的黎智英的“出于政治动机的检控”。
英国外交部的一份声明称:“黎智英因和平行使其言论自由权利而成为中国和香港政府的目标”,并呼吁立即释放他。“英国一再呼吁废除《国家安全法》,并停止对所有根据该法被起诉的人士的检控。”
欧盟:“出于政治动机”
欧盟表示“深感遗憾”黎智英的定罪,并呼吁释放他。欧盟进一步指:“这次检控是出于政治动机,并象征着自《国家安全法》实施以来,香港的民主和基本自由遭到了侵蚀。”
澳大利亚:“深感担忧”
澳大利亚政府表示,“对有罪裁决深感担忧”。外交部表示:“我们已经清楚地表达了强烈反对香港当局继续广泛应用国家安全立法来逮捕和施压亲民主人士、反对派团体、媒体、工会和公民社会。”
台湾:“深切的悲痛”
台北谴责黎智英的拘留是“对正义的侵犯”,并表示他的定罪在台湾引起了“深切的悲痛和失望”。
台湾陆委会表示:“这项裁决向世界传达了一个信息,即香港的自由、民主和司法独立已被持续侵蚀。”
国际特赦组织:“新闻自由的丧钟”
人权组织国际特赦组织表示:“今天判决的可预见性并没有减少它的沮丧感——对黎智英的定罪感觉像是香港新闻自由的丧钟,在那里,新闻报道这项基本工作已被重新定义为一种犯罪。”
“黎智英被监禁仅仅是因为他和他的《苹果日报》批评了政府。”
无国界记者组织:“令人震惊”
无国界记者组织对判决表示愤慨,称这些指控是“捏造的”。该倡导组织表示:“这种非法定罪只表明了该地区媒体自由令人震惊的恶化。请不要搞错:受审的不是个人,而是新闻自由本身,而这个判决已经将新闻自由粉碎。”
保护记者委员会:“可耻”
保护记者委员会称这项裁决是“可耻的迫害行为”。该组织亚太区主任贝玲怡表示:“这项裁决凸显了香港对新闻自由的彻底蔑视,新闻自由本应受到香港小型宪法《基本法》的保护。”
香港记者协会:“不可逆转的损害”
香港记者协会表示,此次审判早已“对香港新闻界造成不可逆转的损害”。它描述了一种媒体自我审查和恐惧的氛围,“以至于当权者甚至无法通过新闻准确评估公众情绪”。
黎智英之子呼吁伦敦“采取更多行动”
在宣判后,黎智英的儿子周一呼吁英国政府“采取更多行动”,以争取其因危害国家安全罪被定罪的父亲获释。
塞巴斯蒂安·黎(Sebastien Lai)在伦敦举行的新闻发布会上表示,他希望其拥有英国国籍的父亲能够获释,“而要实现这一点,英国政府必须做得更多”,“言行一致”。
他认为,释放他的父亲必须成为工党首相斯塔默自 2024 年 7 月上任以来所希望推动的英中关系改善的“先决条件”。
塞巴斯蒂安·黎坚称:“如果他们连让一位健康状况如此糟糕的七旬老人坐上飞机送回国都做不到,又怎能指望建立富有成效的关系?”
他表示,香港法院公布的数百页判决书中,“没有一处可以证明”他的父亲有罪。
塞巴斯蒂安·黎再次强调,他父亲的案件“是国家安全法如何被塑造和工具化,来对付一个仅仅说了他们不喜欢的话的人的完美例子”。
自他父亲五年前被捕以来,他的儿子一直在世界各地奔走,谴责针对他的指控,并争取国际支持。
塞巴斯蒂安·黎强调:“不幸的是,鉴于他的健康状况迅速恶化,他获释的时间已经不多了”,他补充说自己正在与英国外交部门保持联系。
去年,英相斯塔默曾在二十国集团(G20)峰会期间向中国国家主席习近平提及黎智英的案件,对他的健康状况恶化表示担忧。
智利在周日举行的总统选举中,极右翼领导人、共和党候选人何塞·安东尼奥·卡斯特(José Antonio Kast)以明显优势获胜,当选新一任总统。这是自1990年皮诺切特军事独裁结束以来,智利立场最右的总统。
根据对绝大部分选票的计票结果,智利59岁极端保守派候选人卡斯特获得约58%的选票,击败了得票率42%的左翼候选人、共产党人珍妮特·哈拉(Jeannette Jara)。哈拉随后承认败选,并表示将在国会中展开“严格而负责的反对工作”。
在圣地亚哥东部富人区拉斯孔德斯的竞选总部,卡斯特向支持者表示,将在全国“恢复法治与秩序”。他的胜选引发多地的庆祝活动,支持者挥舞国旗、鸣笛庆祝。与此同时,也有反对者在首都标志性的广场上举行抗议,警方出动了水炮驱散人群。
竞选期间,卡斯特主打治安和移民议题,承诺严厉打击犯罪,并驱逐约34万名非法移民。他本人是天主教徒,反对堕胎和同性婚姻,但在竞选后期,他弱化了这些保守立场。分析认为,治安焦虑、经济增长乏力,以及对左翼执政的不满,是他胜选的关键因素。
在国际方面,美国国务卿鲁比奥向卡斯特表示祝贺,强调双方在安全、移民和贸易方面的共同优先事项。阿根廷总统米莱也公开表示支持卡斯特。巴西总统卢拉则祝愿智利新总统“取得成功”。
卡斯特将在明年3月正式就职。此次选举被视为智利社会在经历2019年大规模抗议和疫情冲击后,明显向保守方向转移的重要信号。
距离地方县市长选举还有一年,但台湾立法院副院长、国民党立委江启臣星期天已松口宣布参选台中市长。他强调,一定会全力争取党内提名参选。
综合《联合报》、ETtoday新闻云、镜新闻等报道,江启臣星期天(12月14日)晚在台中出席活动时说,他身为国民党党员,会努力争取党内提名,参选台中市长,同时设法完成对大台中的愿景。
对于台中现任市长卢秀燕的施政结果,江启臣说,卢秀燕已打造出一座幸福城,他希望接下来能朝着“旗舰城”的目标前进。
江启臣也说,这段时间很多人在讲2026年的选举,他看到民众对自己的期待,不会让大家失望,会全力以赴,继续努力。
对此,卢秀燕星期一(12月15日)受访时仅简短回应,“很好,恭喜、加油”。
同样宣布参选台中市长的国民党立委杨琼璎则说,国民党人才济济,只要是愿意为城市付出的好人才都乐观其成,并强调她与江启臣是立法院的好同事,应保持君子之争的风范。
杨琼璎也说,若是她赢得国民党党内初选,会邀请江启臣进入竞选团队。
民进党已确定派出立委何欣纯参选台中市长,先前民众党立委麦玉珍也一度表态有意愿争取。

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times
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一直挺喜欢六神磊磊读金庸这个号。
他最大的特点,并不是“借古讽今”,而是用金庸宇宙那套江湖逻辑,把当下很多拧巴、牵强、互相打架的现实叙事轻轻拨开。不喊口号,不硬扣帽子,只是把故事讲清楚,讽刺自然就出来了。
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最近他写了一篇文章《流星花园是悼明之作》,讽刺的是当下某些强行“悼明”、无限牵强附会的行为。说白了,并不是替哪个朝代翻案,而是嘲笑一种:
什么都能往“历史情怀”上靠,什么都能牵强附会的姿态。
结果没想到,很快就看到——
六神磊磊读金庸因违规被禁止关注了。
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这种提示我太熟了。
出现“因违规无法关注”,基本就是短期封号:
旧文还能看,暂时不能发声,时间长短不明。
前几天我自己刚进过一次小黑屋,所以对这套流程并不陌生。
更讽刺的是,六神磊磊还晒出了和举报者的聊天记录。
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原以为是犯了多大的原则性错误,结果发现——
只是因为那篇讽刺“悼明”的文章,被人举报了,而且还真的被受理了。
这就有意思了。
把很多东西牵强附会都说成是为了悼明,这不是历史虚无主义吗?
怎么人家嘲讽一下你们这种行为,就成了历史虚无主义?
现在有很多明粉,觉得明朝是汉人最后一个王朝,就各种无脑吹。
其实真正的明朝,真没有什么值得怀念的。
明朝的一些列问题都是源于朱元璋的不幸的童年。所以要用一系列政策去治愈他的童年。
他是开局一个碗,他是知道维持老百姓最低生存的标准,所以制定国策时都是参照那个标准。
而对于生活在其中老百姓来说,体感甚至还不如元朝。
朱元璋就说过:元以宽失天下,朕救中国,非猛不可。
还多次提到:军民怀前代之宽。
说的就是元朝统治者对老百姓太宽仁了。
这似乎和历史书上说的四等人的说法相反,汉人都是最下等人了,怎么还是宽仁呢?
元朝有很长一段时间都没有科举制,这就导致官员很少。没有强大的官僚体系,对社会的干预就比较少。
而且元朝的疆域很广,还大量用色目人,陆上丝绸之路,海上丝绸之路都很发达,可以通过做生意挣钱,对农业税的依赖就比较低。而明朝搞海禁,损失大量收入,只能从农民身上剐。还搞里甲制,户籍锁死,想离家远一点都不太现实。
元朝特别是对底层的干预极低,大量的乡绅宗族自治,这就形成了一种无为而治的状态。
皇权控制力远弱于明清,我们可以说是统治者的无能导致的宽仁,但对于老百姓来说就是好事啊。
而且元朝还不搞文字狱,相较于明清时动不动就文字狱,元朝却很宽松,几乎没有文字狱,甚至有人写反诗,都不立案的,
蒙古人对武力有迷之自信,而文人发几个牢骚,不影响统治,所以完全不在乎。
所以元曲里有大量骂官骂世道的杂剧。关汉卿的那些文字,要是换作明清,早就诛九族了。
难怪很多经历了新王朝的元朝遗老都人心思元。
是不是很反常,站在帝王将相的角度,元朝除了一头一尾两个皇帝有点知名度,其他皇帝毫无存在感。
但站在平民百姓的角度,还是希望能有一个少管理,少劳役,少控制的环境。
而明初的百姓为什么会思元,不是元朝有多好,而是明朝太紧了。对比太强烈了。
用现在的话来说,元朝就是小政府,大社会。而明朝就是大政府,小社会。
对于生活在其中的牛马来说,没有对比就没有伤害,吃过细糠再吃草,就会难以下咽。
我们读历史就会发现,这是越来越堕落的历史,有历史学家说,汉唐是贵族社会,宋元是平民社会,明清是奴隶社会。
就是从明朝开始皇权越来越集中,老百姓的日子就越来越难。
所以,这些人悼明,有什么好悼的?对于明朝初期的老百姓来说,他们却是在思元悼元。
今人爱悼明,明人却悼元。
而六神磊磊不过是讽刺了一下这些悼明的人,这里面有什么敏感的点啊?我实在想不明白。
大家有想明白的吗?欢迎留言讨论。
——全文完——
如果你认同这样的观点,请点赞、转发、评论,让更多人看到。
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01
大V“六神磊磊读金庸”因违规被禁止关注了。
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这事闹得还挺大,都上了新闻。
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很多人猜测,这和他写文章讽刺最近很火的“悼明”风潮有关。
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六神磊磊在微博上发了一张读者要投诉他的聊天记录,基本坐实了他的被封,和讽刺悼明有关。
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02
六神磊磊被封,我还挺意外的。
他那篇文章我看了,以我这么多年在网上的写作经验来看,没犯什么忌讳,完全在安全范围。
六神磊磊是一个聪明的写作者,他有现实关怀,但却不会像我这样的作者一样直接批判,而是用小说、影视来包装自己的观点,解读当下的问题。
这样的行文方式,因为不用提事件本身,自然不会触发某些关键词,相对也就安全很多。而读者一看,又能明白他在说什么,会心一笑中,懂的都懂。
但正因如此,六神磊磊的文章就产生一个巨大的效应,那就是——
讽刺。
就比如这次的《<流星花园>确实是一部怀念明朝的作品》,六神磊磊试图用魔法打败魔法,比如,说道明寺寓意“悼明事”,美作谐音为“没祚”,指大明国祚没了,甚至F4里唯一个姓“朱”的还被排除在外。等等。
显然,谁都能看出来这是在阴阳怪气,可六神磊磊就是用这种“归谬法”,把“悼明”穿凿附会的小把戏,讽刺得体无完肤。
有作者说,六神磊磊这是犯了历史虚无主义的错误,历史不能这么消解,用魔法打败魔法,自己也会被魔法反噬。
但其实更直接的现实是,这些大词,成了一些人举报六神磊磊时,上纲上线的帽子和大棒。
我看到有作者问,把很多东西牵强附会都说成是为了悼明,这不是历史虚无主义吗?怎么人家嘲讽一下你们这种行为,就成了历史虚无主义?
答案很简单,因为《红楼梦》是不是“悼明”,根本就不是一个纯粹的学术问题。就像项栋梁说的,现在这股借《红楼梦》以及其他各类素材来悼明的风潮,背后其实是一场大汉族主义的网络狂欢。
他们想借此表达的意思是:
以汉族人为代表的中华正统文明从古至今都非常优秀,全世界最优秀,但一直被野蛮落后的番邦蛮夷所敌视和围攻,明末是这样,21世纪初也是这样。这一回,绝不能让蛮夷得逞了!
而这,就属于更广泛更熟悉的思潮了。
六神磊磊用他的生花妙笔,戳破了这个迷梦,试图改变有些人的观念,无疑就是掘他们的祖坟。
是不是出问题,取决于有没有人举报。不喜欢“悼明”的人,往往一笑了之,并不会怎样;但被讽刺“悼明”冒犯的人,下手可就不客气了,甚至会“不死不休”。
很简单,也很残酷,这可能就是六神磊磊好像没犯什么忌讳,但却被封的原因。
03
不过,聊天截图里的那个“普通人”,指责六神磊磊“煽动挑动社会对立”,虽然言辞激烈,但指出了六神磊磊那种文法的一个问题:
虽然嬉笑怒骂,看着过瘾,但它确实让本来就对立的阵营,更加针锋相对。
面对铺天盖地的“悼明”言论,六神磊磊显然失去了正面交流的欲望。《红楼梦》悼明,这么低级和无聊的观点,怎么会有那么多人相信?这应该是六神磊磊很很多人的心态。
早上看到一条微博,几百人转发,应该精准描述了这种心态:
我觉得现在相当一部分正常人上网的痛苦来自于:跟庞大的蠢货群体相比,大家是聪明的,能看破很多莫名其妙的谣言骗局和炒作,觉得很多争论都毫无意义,但又没“聪明”到可以利用如此庞大的蠢货群体卖保健品赚点钱,只能被电子垃圾信息、蠢货和厌蠢情绪反反复复折磨。
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其实,六神磊磊曾经在一篇流传更广的文章《人类可能已错过自救的时间窗口了》里,表达过类似的观点。
他说,2010—2020年这十年间,由于智能手机和社交媒体的普及,消息传得更快,形成傻子共振,“专业主义成了扫兴的背时货,逻辑是过气的老秋裤”,“阴谋论成为流量硬通货,反智主义化为打赏金标,‘知识平权’最终演变成愚昧众筹”,而“放眼国际,只要你搞民粹,又有一个流氓人设,就不存在人格破产。撒谎、欺骗、不学无术、欺凌弱小,都不是任何问题”。
六神磊磊精准地描绘了如今这个时代的一大特征,常识普及的速度,没有迎头追上人类变蠢的速度。
如果六神磊磊的这个论断是对的,那么今天他如今被封就早有预兆,而且他应该有心理准备才对。
只是,也许是出于傲慢,也许是出于悲观,六神磊磊面对“愚昧被野心家利用”时,并没有像他说的那样,努力使得常识普及的速度,必须迎头追上人类变蠢的速度。
恰恰相反,六神磊磊擅长的是揭示荒谬性,而非做“常识的普及”。他用这种方式,直接放弃了对立面中可争取的群体,也放弃了争取中间地带更广泛的群体。这很难,但并非没有可能。
我看到,在这次“悼明”事件中,我们南京大学文学院的苗怀明教授,就接受采访,说《红楼梦》悼明是是百年老梗,都是蔡元培玩剩下的,从学术角度,这些观点不成立。
这种常识的普及,虽然笨拙,虽然细微,但它是个契机,是一点星火,是建设性的努力,它可能不能燎原,但却有可能照亮一片黑暗。
04
这场关于《红楼梦》是否悼明的争议,涉及到文学和历史,而我恰恰学过这两个专业。
六神磊磊说要普及常识,那我就说两个相关的常识。
第一,文学作品以具体的事宜为素材,但文学作品的不朽意义恰恰在于超越性。
《红楼梦》可能是自传色彩的文学作品,也可能确实暗含了“悼明”的意思,但《红楼梦》之所以是经典,不是因为它描写了具体的什么,而是揭示了一种普遍的人生境遇和困境。
这种境遇和困境,可以见仁见智,但它肯定是超越性的,是跨越时间和空间的,是全人类共通的。如果一部作品只是影射了这,哀悼了那,那它就不可能成为经典。
都不用说《红楼梦》了,就是流行歌曲都是同样的道理。梁静茹《会呼吸的痛》,原本是写儿子对死去母亲的思念;潘越云《我是不是你最疼爱的人》,原本是写一位老先生对死去妻子的爱。可就算不知道这背后的故事,也不妨碍我们被这两首歌所展现出来的普遍情感共鸣打动。
因此,试图在文学作品中找寻具体的隐含信息,正如买椟还珠,空入宝山,是一种很不划算的读法。总是以这样的方式读文学作品,就白读了。
第二,历史学是最讲究依据的人文学科。
在所有的人文学科中,历史学可能是最“硬核”的学科了。写文学论文,还可以写你对作品的感觉和感受,只要不背离文本的语境,言之成理即可。
但写史学论文,就得每一句话都要有出处,对事实的描述要建立在材料的基础上,即使是议论申发,也同样不能脱离材料。
看到网上有人说,“大明在《永乐大典》的支撑下早就完成了工业化”,“明朝是女性最幸福的时代”,“朱元璋立国时定下铁律,大明绝不低头”,“崇祯皇帝留下的遗书写了××”等等,我们应该要问一句,这句话的依据是什么?有史料支撑吗?符合事实吗?
在为道理和结论欢欣鼓舞之前,请先对他们的说法做出史料上的要求。有史料支撑的,不见得就一定是对的;但只要是连一个史料都说不出来的,那几乎可以判定为信口开河。
如果不能有这样的习惯和视角,那你就不要说自己在谈论历史,老老实实承认自己就喜欢符合自己心意的胡说八道就行了。
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至于一味地夸一个朝代,把它吹得天好;再一味地骂另一个朝代,把它骂得臭掉,这种非黑即白的儿童心态有多幼稚,就不用再多说了。
还有一个常识是,要尊重常识。我们如今的时代,不知道比明朝好到哪里去了,可连我们身处的这个时代都存在着这样那样的问题,你们意淫的“完美明朝”,到底怎么来的?
如果真的对明朝那么自豪,如果真的那么喜欢“悼明”的作品,那我作为历史学的学生,真的可以给大家推荐一本书,就是——
顾诚的《南明史》
这本书在豆瓣上,每一个版本都是9.2分以上。
书里写1644甲申之变后,大顺政权、清政府和明朝残余势力,如何上演着一幕幕可歌可泣、惊心动魄的场面。
尤其是,你可以从中看到明朝如何“君王死社稷”的,更可以看到明朝又为何会灭亡。
原价129元,现价64.9元,官方正版且包邮。
这本书可读性和学术性兼顾,非常好看,不比看瞎扯博主的视频强?
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河南鲁山县28岁女教师在婚礼当天跳楼身亡,这个新闻让我感觉压抑万分。昨天看到她在朋友圈里留下的长信(其朋友已向各大媒体确认真实性),里面有一句“我清楚地认识到,自己最大的价值就是结婚”,更加感慨。
这是她人生中留下的最后也最悲凉的自嘲,我在朋友圈见到几位朋友对这句话感同身受,她们都是非常出色的女性,学历高、能力强、工作好,靠自己的努力闯出农村或县城,走出自己的人生。而在她们的成长经历中,都听父母说过类似的话:“女儿没什么用,能嫁人就可以了”“女人不用读那么多书,读多了心就野,到时照顾不好家庭”……
去年《新闻女王》很火爆,很多人感叹于马国明“教育”陈晓华的那段话,尤其是最后那句“找个男人嫁了吧”,放在内娱剧集里是好事,但在港剧里则相当于“你已无可救药”。
鲁山县这位跳楼女教师,受过高等教育,就职于重点中学,在小县城里属于学历和工作俱佳的体面人,也是婚恋市场上最“抢手”的类型。这几年就有个段子,说有些人的梦想就是考公,然后娶个有编制的女教师,然后生一男一女,男的长大了考公,女的长大了考教师编,子子孙孙,无穷尽也。
但这样的身份,同时也是最容易被逼婚的群体,家人、亲戚甚至单位领导,都会成为逼婚者。偏偏她真的不想结婚,或者说,她抗拒的不是婚姻,而是每时每刻都能感受到的压抑。她在朋友圈的遗书里说自己抗争了十一年,但始终摆脱不了相亲和结婚的命运。
有媒体联系了她老家的村干部,村干部称她“可能有抑郁症”,然后强调“网上流传的部分相关说法并不属实”。我很烦这样的官腔,因为在一个生命逝去时,刻意强调抑郁症,是典型的“逝者已逝,生者为大”(说直接点就是“人都死了,别给活人再添麻烦”)的粉饰操作,而且忽略了即使真的有抑郁症,又因何而得和因何加重的问题,至于“勿信谣”早已成为例行公事的表达。正如有媒体评论所言,是否存在逼婚,应该查清楚。
在朋友圈长信截图已经被多家媒体确认真实性的情况下,我倾向于逼婚的真实存在。因为这是死者自己的表达,也因为它几乎是中国社会的常态,无非轻重有别。
有些人一见到自杀案例,就扣上一个“心理脆弱”的帽子。这种思维很可笑,一个连死都不怕的成年人,为了不结婚抗争了十一年,哪里脆弱了呢?她到死都保留着生而为人的体面,委托着自己的朋友,不忘说声抱歉。
但我确实很惋惜她的选择,如果她能走出去,离开这个县城,用自己跳楼的决绝和勇气去离开自己的家庭,未必不会有自己想要的人生。当然,我知道这很难,女性在农村长大、小县城工作,等于已经走上了人生困难模式,从小接受的各种恶意足以抹杀一切,所有生活圈子的羁绊都以人情和道德绑架为根基。如果接受过高等教育,短暂呼吸过哪怕只好那么一点点的城市空气,仅仅反差感都能令人窒息。
我身边有很多这样的例子,从小在压抑的家庭环境下长大,始终被安排人生,毕业后在老家找一份工作,安排相亲,结婚生子,终于有一天觉醒,选择离开家乡,找到新生。即使一个人带着孩子,也打拼出了自己的事业。当然,她们身处一个编制不那么“值钱”,带着几百块钱只身前往北上广深也能找到机会的时代。相比之下,鲁山县这位女教师不仅仅离不开相亲结婚的命运,离不开父母,可能也很难割舍自己的编制。
她不是一个人,这种压抑或多或少存在于这个社会的绝大多数个体身上。文明社会的正常人应该是什么样子呢?善良阳光、独立思考、有基本的判断力和审美能力,在守法的条件下遵循自己的心去生活,并得到身边人的尊重。可是,在整个东亚社会,这都太难了。
前些日子重煲一出港剧,其中有一段剧情是急躁专断的母亲错怪了儿子,后来冰释前嫌时,母亲对孩子说了“对不起”,表示自己当初太武断。许多观众在这个瞬间留下弹幕,内容都是一致的:能够道歉,就已经超过中国90%的父母了。看,大家的要求多么低,早已低到了尘埃里。
一个连道歉都吝啬表达的社会,真的能谈“尊重”吗?显然不能。中国人的成长过程,往往就是被武断打压和不被尊重的过程。最可怕的还不是这个,而是那些武断打压你、完全不尊重你的人,张嘴都是“我是为了你好”。
在中国社会,婚姻根植于宗法传统和现世功利主义,长期被视为成年人“成熟”与“完整”的标志,尤其对女性而言,婚姻常被等同于社会地位、安全与尊严。不结婚或晚婚的个体,甚至只是25岁还没结婚,就有可能被贴上“不负责任”或“异类”的标签,承受道德压力。
鲁山县女教师跳楼的新闻评论区里,很多网友提到了自己的人生,不约而同地说“我结婚时,父母说完成任务了”。“完成任务”这个词,是老一辈在子女结婚或是抱孙子时常用的词,但它确实太让人反感。因为当婚姻变成必须履行的任务时,个人对婚姻意义的多元定义就注定被压缩。婚姻不再是自主选择的情感与生活方式,而是变成“任务”,而且还不是个体的任务,而是个体父母的任务。
“任务”所对应的是整齐划一思维。成长在中国社会,会深切感受到无数人对整齐划一的病态迷恋,他们对任何“不一样”都极度恐惧。
中国社会长期推崇集体主义与秩序性,重视“大家都这么做”的路径。这种心理在重大人生阶段(婚育、工作、住房)尤为明显,形成强烈的代际规范。而在教育体系与社会话语中,常以“标准轨迹”衡量成功:大学、工作、买房、结婚生子……任何偏离都会遭遇质疑、劝说乃至指责,这种“强制一致”令个体难以承受长期偏离所带来的心理负荷。
许多家庭正是遵循这种所谓的秩序,以“为你好”为名,对子女人生做出重大安排与决定。“为你好”这种话术,无非就是情感勒索,若不按长辈意愿行事,会被描绘为“不孝”“不顾家”“让父母丢脸”,类似“我一把屎一把尿把你拉扯大,你这么大了还不结婚,对得起谁”这种话,有几个做孩子的没听过呢?
N年前,我在腾讯大家写过一篇关于“我是为你好”的文章,评论区里有人留言,说自己女儿已经28岁,但还没有男朋友,逢年过节亲戚聚会,同辈人都结了婚有了孩子,只有自己女儿一个人,所以自己在亲戚面前根本抬不起头。她还说自己非常担心女儿,因为女人过了三十岁就没人要了,她做所有事情都是为了女儿好,但女儿不领情,所以她有时候恨不得躲起来大哭一场,真是“可怜天下父母心”。
这样的故事很容易引发老一辈的共鸣,它几乎拥有所有悲情戏的元素:父母为了孩子好,但孩子不领情;父母一把鼻涕一把泪把孩子拉扯大,但想要看孩子结婚,想抱孙子,却看起来遥遥无期;父母非常担心孩子,但又无法沟通,内心十分痛苦……
我不否认这里面的亲情,但实在很想问一句:你家女儿28岁没结婚没有男朋友,不管她是找不到合适的还是不愿意找,关键是她到底做错了什么呢?
显然没有,她女儿什么也没有做错。如果理性看待,父母确实可以为了孩子的婚姻着急,但前提是尊重孩子的权利。你可以帮她物色,帮她想想办法,但不能逼迫,不能不负责任地提出“随便找个人也行”,更不能动不动就说逢年过节在亲戚面前没有面子。
但中国家庭常常会出现这样的情况:父母用情感绑架的方式,将原本并没有过错的孩子推到悲情戏的反派一方,尤其是在逢年过节的聚会上,相当于将孩子推到人前公审,那种完全无视尊严的尴尬,很多人都曾体会过。
我有一个朋友,独在异乡打拼。某年春节,已经两年多没见面的父母来到他工作的城市,他原本也满心期待。但相处数日后,他已近乎崩溃,一方面不想远道而来的父母不高兴,但另一方面在生活方式上差异太大,立马成了问题青年,从洗脸刷牙到吃饭睡觉,几乎没有一样是对的,睁开眼便置身于挨骂的氛围中。面对父母的例行逼婚,他最后抛出了这样一句话:“你们连亲生儿子的生活方式都无法容忍,没有一样能看得惯,我再娶个外人回来,你们可能会被气疯的。”
从催婚到催生孩子,“我是为你好”往往是万能武器,“一把鼻涕一把泪把你拉扯大”式的情感绑架,充斥于无数家庭,如果觉得这样就是“可怜天下父母心”,那只能说明依然置身于野蛮社会。野蛮和文明的区别,就在于文明人讲道理,野蛮人不讲道理。
七大姑八大姨式的亲戚,在这类事情上永远都是帮凶。逢年过节家族聚会,最容易被“公审”的就是没结婚或者没生孩子的人。这是一种中国社会特有的社交惩罚机制,每个看似好心的关怀,实际上都是一种言语羞辱,告诉你没结婚没生孩子是多么丢人的事情。
这种羞辱无处不在,它是许多人仅有的思维模式。去年有个教授,在对外交流的场合中问出了“如何让女人老老实实服服帖帖生孩子”而且还要“早生和多生”的问题,着实丢人。哈萨克斯坦官媒之后的种种隔空回应,也加剧了这种丢人感,很显然,这又是一个国际笑话,虽然很多人并不在乎。
在现实生活中,“老老实实服服帖帖”不是笑话,而是主流文化。在中国家庭里,长辈说“人一定要结婚要生孩子”“女人不生孩子就像母鸡不下蛋,等于没有用”的几率高不高?在酒桌饭局上,中年男人说“如何驾驭女人”“管理一个家就像管理一个单位”的几率高不高?在单位里,领导说“现在的年轻人都自私,不好管”的几率高不高?面对公共事件,人们说“别揪着鸡毛蒜皮的事情不放”“家丑不可外扬”“小心别有用心的人”“过好自己的日子就行了”的几率高不高?
“老老实实、服服帖帖”其实是一种判断标准,是许多人心目中的生活准则,潜台词就是“服从”。结婚生子就是重灾区,逼婚逼生孩子,本质上就是对“自我”的剥夺。中国家庭最常见的道德绑架被许多人视为理所当然,草草结婚酿成的悲剧,即使在现实中发生再多次,当事人的父母也不会真的检讨自身。至于生孩子和“必须生个男丁”,往往伴随着“女人就像母鸡,不下蛋就没有用”的陈腐观念。
每一出类似的悲剧发生后,我都很想问当事人的父母和亲戚:你们知道自己错了吗?
当然,我知道这没有用,因为他们的基数太庞大了。

© Christopher Capozziello for The New York Times


AFP via Getty ImagesAt least 15 civilians have been confirmed dead in Sunday's shooting attack at Bondi beach.
Many were attending an event to mark the first day of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.
Authorities have confirmed that two rabbis, a Holocaust survivor and a 10-year-old girl were among the victims.
This is what we know about those identified so far:
Authorities confirmed that a 10-year-old girl, named by her family to local media as Matilda, was among the dead.
Irina Goodhew, who organised a fundraiser for the girl's mother and said she was the child's former teacher, wrote: " I knew her as a bright, joyful, and spirited child who brought light to everyone around her.'
The Harmony Russian School of Sydney also confirmed that she was one of its students.
"We are deeply saddened to share the news that a former student of our school has passed away in the hospital due to injuries sustained from a gunshot," the school wrote on Facebook.
"Our thoughts and heartfelt condolences go out to her family, friends, and everyone affected by this tragic event … Her memory will remain in our hearts, and we honor her life and the time she spent as part of our school family."
Meanwhile her aunt spoke to ABC news and said that Matilda's sister, who was with her when she was shot, was struggling to come to terms with the loss.
"They were like twins — they've never been separated," she told the ABC.

SuppliedKnown as the "Bondi Rabbi", Eli Schlanger, 41, was one of the key organisers of Sunday's event. He was head of the local Chabad mission, an international Hasidic Jewish organisation based in Brooklyn.
The death of the British-born father of five was confirmed by his cousin, Rabbi Zalman Lewis.
"My dear cousin, Rabbi Eli Schlanger @bondirabbi was murdered in today's terrorist attack in Sydney," Zalman wrote on Instagram. "He leaves behind his wife & young children, as well as my uncle & aunt & siblings … He was truly an incredible guy".
In a post on its website, Chabad said Schlanger's youngest child was just two months old.
"He was the most godly, humane, kind, gracious human being I think I've ever met," Alex Ryvchin of the Executive Council of Australia Jewry, told reporters at Bondi on Monday morning.
The death of French national Dan Elkayam was confirmed by Frances's Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot.
"It's with immense sadness that we have learnt that our compatriot Dan Elkayam was among the victims of the terrorist attack that hit Jewish families gathered on the beach at Bondi in Sydney," he wrote on social media. "We mourn with his family and loved ones, with the Jewish community and the Australian people."
According to his LinkedIn profile, Elkayam worked as an IT analyst for NBCUniversal and had moved to Australia last year.
He was also a keen footballer, and "an integral member" of our premier league squad, the Rockdale Ilindin Football Club in west Sydney wrote on its Facebook page.
He was "an extremely talented and popular figure amongst team mates. Our deepest and sincerest condolances to Dan's family, friends and all that knew him. He will be missed," the club wrote.
Alexander Kleytman was a holocaust survivor who came to Australia from Ukraine.
"I have no husband. I don't know where is his body. Nobody can give me any answer," his wife Larisa Kleytman told reporters outside a Sydney hospital late on Sunday.
"We were standing and suddenly came the 'boom boom', and everybody fell down. At this moment he was behind me and at one moment he decided to go close to me. He pushed his body up because he wanted to stay near me," she told the Australian.
Chabad wrote on X that Alexander "died shielding her from the gunman's bullets. In addition to his wife, he leaves behind two children and 11 grandchildren."
The couple shared some of their life story with Jewish Care in 2023.
"As children, both Larisa and Alexander faced the unspeakable terror of the Holocaust," the health organisation wrote in its annual report.
"Alex's memories are particularly harrowing; recalling the dreadful conditions in Siberia where he, along with his mother and younger brother, struggled for survival."
Former police officer Peter Meagher was working as a freelance photographer at the Hanukkah event when he was killed, his rugby club confirmed.
"For him it was simply a catastrophic case of being in the wrong place and at the wrong time," Mark Harrison, the general manager of Randwick Rugby Club, wrote on its website.
"'Marzo, as he was universally known, was a much loved figure and absolute legend in our club, with decades of voluntary involvement, he was one of the heart and soul figures of Randwick Rugby."
The club said he had spent almost four decades in the NSW Police Force where he was "hugely respected by colleagues".
"The tragic irony is that he spent so long in the dangerous front line as a Police Officer and was struck down in retirement while taking photos in his passion role is really hard to comprehend," the club said.
Reuven Morrison migrated to Australia from the former Soviet Union in the 1970s as a teenager, according to an interview he gave to the ABC exactly a year ago.
"We came here with the view that Australia is the safest country in the world and the Jews would not be faced with such anti-Semitism in the future, where we can bring up our kids in a safe environment," he told the national broadcaster.
Confirming his death, Chabad said that he was a longtime resident of Melbourne, but that he "discovered his Jewish identity in Sydney".
"A successful businessman whose main goal was to give away his earnings to charities dear to his heart, notably Chabad of Bondi," the organisation wrote on X.


Getty ImagesHong Kong pro-democracy campaigner and media tycoon Jimmy Lai has been found guilty of colluding with foreign forces under the the city's controversial national security law (NSL).
The 78-year-old, who has been in jail since December 2020, pleaded not guilty. He faces life in prison and is expected to be sentenced early next year.
Lai used his now-defunct Apple Daily newspaper as part of a wider effort to lobby foreign governments to impose sanctions on Hong Kong and China, the court found.
Hong Kong's chief executive John Lee welcomed the verdict, noting that Lai's actions "damaged the country's interests and the welfare of Hong Kongers", but rights groups called it "a cruel judicial farce".
They say the NSL, which Beijing defends as essential for the city's stability, has been used to crush dissent.
There is "no doubt" that Jimmy Lai "harboured hatred" for the People's Republic of China (PRC), Judge Esther Toh said on Monday, citing his "constant invitation to the US to help bring down the government of the PRC with the excuse of helping the people of Hong Kong".
When Lai testified in November, he denied all the charges against him, saying he had "never" used his foreign contacts to influence foreign policy on Hong Kong.
Asked about his meeting with then US Vice President Mike Pence, Lai said he did not ask anything of him: "I would just relay to him what happened in Hong Kong when he asked me."
He was also asked about his meeting with then secretary of state Mike Pompeo, to which he said he had asked Pompeo, "not to do something but to say something, to voice support for Hong Kong".
Lai, a UK citizen and one of the fiercest critics of the Chinese state, was a key figure in the pro-democracy protests that engulfed Hong Kong in 2019. Beijing responded to the months-long demonstrations, which sometimes erupted into violent clashes with police, by introducing the NSL.
The law was enacted without consulting the Hong Kong legislature and gave authorities broad powers to charge and jail people they deemed a threat to the city's law and order, or the government's stability.
Lai was accused of violating the NSL for his role in the protests and also through his tabloid Apple Daily, which became a standard bearer for the pro-democracy movement.
Monday's ruling also found Lai guilty of publishing seditious material on Apple Daily under a separate colonial-era law.
Lai appeared calm as the verdict was read out and waved goodbye to his family as he was escorted out of the courtroom. Lai's wife Teresa and one of his sons were in court, along with Cardinal Joseph Zen, a long-time friend who baptised Lai in 1997.

Getty Images"Mr Lai's spirit is okay," his lawyer Robert Pang said after the verdict. "The judgement is so long that we'll need some time to study it first. I don't have anything to add at the moment." He did not say whether they would appeal.
"The Chinese government abused Jimmy Lai with the aim of silencing all those who dare to criticise the CCP [Chinese Communist Party]," said Elaine Pearson, Asia Director at Human Rights Watch, following the verdict.
"In the face of the farce of Jimmy Lai's case, governments should pressure the authorities to withdraw the case and release him immediately."
Western governments, including the UK and US, have for years called for Lai's release, which Beijing and Hong Kong have rejected.
US President Donald Trump had earlier vowed to "do everything to save" Lai while UK PM Keir Starmer had said securing his release was a "priority".
Lai's trial came to be widely seen as yet another test of judicial independence for Hong Kong's courts, which have been accused of toeing Beijing's line since 2019, when it tightened its control over the city.
Hong Kong authorities insist the rule of law is intact but critics point to the hundreds of protesters and activists who have been jailed under the NSL - and its nearly 100% conviction rate as of May this year.
Bail is also often denied in NSL cases and that was the case with Lai too, despite rights groups and Lai's children raising concerns about his deteriorating health. He has reportedly been held in solitary confinement.
Lai's son Sebastien told the BBC earlier this year that his father's "body is breaking down" - "Given his age, given his health... he will die in prison."
The Hong Kong government has also been criticised for barring foreign lawyers from working on NSL cases without prior permission. They said it was a national security risk, although foreign lawyers had operated in the city's courts for decades. Subsequently Lai was denied his choice of lawyer, who was based in the UK.
Lai now joins dozens of figures of the city's pro-democracy movement who have been sentenced to prison under the NSL.
The chief of Hong Kong's national security police addressed the media after the verdict, saying Lai had "fabricated news" in pursuit of "political goals".
On the mainland, state-run Global Times quoted a Hong Kong election committee member as saying that the case sends a "clear message": "Any attempt to split the country or undermine Hong Kong's prosperity and stability will be met with severe punishment under the law."
Lai, who was born in mainland China, fled to Hong Kong when he was 12 years old and got his footing as a businessman after founding the international clothing brand Giordano.
His journey as a democracy activist began after China brutally crushed pro-democracy protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square in 1989.
Lai started writing columns criticising the massacre and went on to launch a string of popular pro-democracy publications, including Apple Daily and Next.
Even now, many Hong Kongers see him as a leading voice for democracy - about 80 people had queued to enter the court ahead of the verdict on Monday.
One of them was Ms Lam who didn't want to share her full name. An apple in hand, she said she started queuing around 11:00 local time on Sunday – nearly a full day before the session – because dozens of people had come before her. It was a cold night, she said, but she did it because she had wanted to wish Lai good luck.
"We all feel frustrated and powerless. Yet, there must be an ending to the whole issue and time comes when it comes," a former Apple daily journalist, who was also in court, told the BBC.
"Jimmy always said that he was indebted to Hong Kong... but I think Hong Kong and most Hong Kongers are so grateful to have him upholding the core values, good faith and integrity for the community at the expense of his well being and personal freedom."
In his testimony, Lai had said that he had "never allowed" his newspaper's staff to advocate for Hong Kong independence, which he described as a "conspiracy" and "too crazy to think about".
"The core values of Apple Daily are actually the core values of the people of Hong Kong," he had said. These values, he added, include the "rule of law, freedom, pursuit of democracy, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly".
Twelve people have died - including one gunman - following a shooting at Australia's Bondi Beach which targeted the Jewish community on the first day of Hanukkah.
According to police, at least 12 others have been injured and two officers were shot during the event, which has since been declared a terror attack by officials. The surviving gunman is in a critical condition.
More than 1,000 people were attending an event on the beach celebrating Hanukkah.
Chris Minns, the premier of New South Wales, said: "Our heart bleeds for Australia's Jewish community tonight.
"I can only imagine the pain that they're feeling right now to see their loved ones killed as they celebrate this ancient holiday".
Mass shootings in Australia are very rare, and the attack at Bondi is the deadliest incident in Australia since the Port Arthur massacre in 1996.
Here's what we know so far:
Bondi Beach is located in eastern Sydney in the state of New South Wales, on Australia's east coast.
It is one of Australia's most popular beaches, attracting millions of visitors each year. The area is a significant attraction for tourists.


New South Wales (NSW) police responded to reports of gunfire at around 18:47 local time (07:47 GMT), with video showing hundreds of people fleeing from the coastline.
In their initial statement posted on X, NSW Police urged people at the scene to take shelter and other members of the public to avoid the area.
Around the same time, local media began reporting people "on the ground" in the vicinity of Campbell Parade.
A video verified by the BBC appears to shows two gunmen firing from a small bridge which crosses from the car park on Campbell Parade towards the beach itself.
An event to mark the first day of the Jewish celebration Hanukkah was taking place on Bondi Beach, very close to the bridge where the men were firing from. More than 1,000 were in attendance.
Premier Minns also paid tribute to a man filmed wrestling a gun from one of the attackers.
"That man is a genuine hero, and I've got no doubt there are many, many people alive tonight as a result of his bravery," Minns said at a press conference.
In the video, the man is seen sneaking up on the attacker, before grabbing him in a bear hug.
The now-disarmed man then retreats back towards the bridge, where the other attacker is still firing from.
As the video continues, another man appears to be injured and flees the scene, as a policeman arrives behind the attackers and opens fire at them.
A separate video, also verified, shows several policemen on the same bridge. One appears to be administering CPR to a motionless man as someone shouts "he's dead, he's dead".

Getty ImagesApart from police confirming one gunman as dead, details on who has been killed and injured are sparse.
Twelve people including one of the armed men have been confirmed dead by police. Another gunman is said to be in a critical condition.
Officials say 29 other people were taken to hospital, and two officers were also shot during the incident.
One eyewitness, Barry, was attending the Hanukkah event on Bondi when with his children when he heard gunshots.
He told the BBC he saw two men on a bridge shooting towards the crowd.
He said there were bodies on the ground. He and his children were able to escape with a friend in a car, he added.

Getty ImagesPolice have declared Saturday's shooting a terror attack.
An exclusion zone has been set up around the scene as police use specialist equipment to check improvised explosive devices (IEDs) found in a car linked to the dead gunman, and police are still urging the public to avoid the area."
"No stone will be left unturned" in the investigation, New South Wales Police Commissioner Mal Lanyon said.
He said police would not release any information about the gunmen at this time, and urged for calm while police carry out their duties, adding that this was "not a time for retribution".
Police said they cannot confirm if there was a third gunman involved or if there was anyone else involved in the attack, but enquires are ongoing.
During a televised address, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese called the Bondi Beach shooting "an act of evil antisemitism, terrorism that has struck the heart of our nation".
"We have seen Australians today run towards dangers in order to help others. These Australians are heroes and their bravery has saved lives", he added.

ReutersThe UK Chief Rabbi Sir Ephraim Mirvis has said his cousin and cousin's wife "spent fifteen terrifying minutes hiding under a doughnut stand" as gunmen opened fire during the attack at Bondi Beach.
Fifteen people have been killed – including a 10-year-old girl – in an attack by the two gunmen targeting a Jewish Hanukkah celebration on the beach in Sydney.
Speaking on the BBC Radio Four Today programme, Rabbi Mirvis said one of the key messages of Hanukkah is that Jews around the world declare "we belong, and we will not hide who we are", but "that declaration was met with murderous hatred" at Sunday's mass shooting.
The causes of "toxic antisemitism" must be addressed, he said.
Rabbi Mirvis called for people to stand together "against the normalised rhetoric that demonises Jews and the only Jewish State".
At the Hanukkah event on Bondi Beach, Jewish people were "targeted for the simple act of gathering together, visibly and peacefully, as Jews", he said.
The right of Jewish communities to gather safely and publicly is a "test of the moral health of any society".
"Jews have lived with security concerns for as long as I can remember, but the fact that today every public Jewish gathering must be weighed for risk is a sign of something deeply wrong."
A society in which a minority group have to "calculate whether it is safe to be seen together in public" is a society that is "failing all of its citizens".
The shooting began at around 18:47 local time (07:47 GMT) on Sunday as around a thousand people were said to be attending a public event organised by Jewish centre Chabad of Bondi.
Verified videos showed hundreds of people fleeing the beach, screaming and running as a volley of gunshots rang out.
The ages of the victims range from 10 to 87 years old, and include two rabbis and a Holocaust survivor.
The two gunmen have been named in local media as 50-year-old Sajid Akram, who died at the scene, and his 24-year-old son Naveed Akram, who is in hospital in a critical condition.
The chief rabbi told the Today programme that the festival of Hanukkah commemorates the defiance of a small band of Jews some 2,150 years ago who were targeted by Emperor Antiochus Epiphanes. He denied them the right to openly practise their faith, demanding conversion on pain of death.
The message of the festival is about "their refusal to be intimidated or erased".
"Judaism must never be driven into the shadows," Rabbi Mirvis said.

PA Media
We've had songs written about it, it features on Christmas cards and films - with almost every advert throughout December showing it.
Most of us will dream or romanticise about a white Christmas, but how common or not is it to have one in the United Kingdom?
According to the Met Office, an "official white Christmas" has happened more often than not since 1960, but new analysis of its data by the BBC shows that locally, snow falling on Christmas Day is rare for most of us.
And there have been fewer stations reporting a white Christmas in the past two decades across the UK, according to the data.
The Met Office officially defines a white Christmas as one where snow is reported to fall at any of its weather stations in the 24 hours of Christmas Day.
If there was no snow falling but snow already on the ground, this is not defined as a white Christmas.
On this definition, three out of four Christmases since 1960 have seen at least a flake of snow fall somewhere in the UK.
Analysis of Met Office data by the BBC shows at a very local level it's unlikely you will have experienced many white Christmases where you live.
For example, during the most recent white Christmas in 2023, snowfall was only seen at three stations in the Highlands and one in Aberdeenshire.
Use the tool below to see how many white Christmases have been reported at weather stations near you.
While the official definition of a white Christmas has changed in the past, along with the number of stations and how it is observed, the data will still include all recorded instances of snow falling on Christmas Day.
Ian Currie from London was 12 years old when he was given a weather station for Christmas in 1962. It included a rain gauge, a funnel and a brass container. On Boxing Day, he said it snowed so much, his instruments were buried.
"I remember the milk bottles freezing with a column of ice," said Mr Currie, who went on to become a weather forecaster, author and editor of Weather Eye magazine.
"Couldn't be better timed to encourage a young weatherman in the making."
"The classic white Christmas that I remember was 1970," he added.
"It snowed heavily the day before and over Christmas Day and Boxing Day - metres of snow fell."
He recalled "a terrific flash of lightning and almost instantaneous crash of thunder, which woke quite a few people up - and probably frightened Father Christmas".

There is lots of nostalgia about waking up on Christmas Day with a blanket of snow with more falling
The classic "white Christmas" idea is thought to originally come from the Victorian era when snowy winter days were much more frequent than today.
Coincidentally this is a period when sending Christmas cards first became widespread, depicting the snow scenes of the time, a tradition that continues to the day.
Christmas movies originating from the United States also show snowfall on Christmas Day, something more common in parts of North America.
While it is likely somewhere in the UK will see snow falling at Christmas, for the majority, this will not be the case.
Most white Christmases are found, perhaps unsurprisingly, in Scotland where over the past 65 years, 43 were "white". Northern Ireland had the least with less than a third of those years recording a white Christmas.
In fact, Northern Ireland has not recorded a white Christmas for 14 years.
Across England you will have most likely experienced a white Christmas in the North West where nearly 40% of years recorded snow on Christmas Day since 1960.
Quite a contrast to the South East where since 1960, London has only seen five Christmas Days where snow fell, the last one more than two decades ago in 2001.

On Christmas Day in 2010 there was widespread lying snow across the UK
You might remember Christmas of 2010 when most of us would have opened the curtains on Christmas Day to a Christmas card scene with snow on the ground.
About 80% of weather stations recorded lying snow that year but only 30 stations had snowfall meeting the definition of a white Christmas. Compare this to 2004 when snow was observed at 146 weather stations.
Francesca Di Giuseppi, principal scientist at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, was in Reading over the Christmas period in 2010 and remembers having snowball fights with the friends she lived with.

Scientist Francesca Di Giuseppi said she had found the snow "actually quite magical"
"We made a snowman - I remember not having a carrot to put on the nose, so we ended up with an apple," she said.
"We were a household of southern Europeans, not very used to snow in our home countries. It was actually quite magical."
She said she believed the excitement over white Christmases stemmed from snow slowing things down, meaning it is an excuse be at home with family and "see the beauty of nature".
The Met Office data analysed by the BBC suggests there have been fewer widespread white Christmases in past two decades.
While we cannot use what happens on one day of the year to assess whether the decline is due explicitly to climate change, scientists suggest a white Christmas will become less likely in the future.
According to the Met Office, the UK has already warmed by 1C since about the 1950s and we have seen less frost and snow as a result.
In the 1990s and early-2000s there were five years with a widespread white Christmas where more than 100 weather stations reporting falling snow.
But in the past 20 years the most stations reporting a white Christmas was 30 in 2010.
So far in the 2020s there have already been four white Christmases declared with snowfall reported somewhere in the UK but falling snow was only confirmed by at most six stations in a year.
While better technology means recording snowfall at just one location in the UK has increased the likelihood of having a confirmed white Christmas, the number of stations actually seeing snow on Christmas Day appears to have declined.
Our winters are expected to get warmer and wetter and a Met Office spokesperson confirmed snowy spells were "becoming less frequent as our climate warms".
They added "natural variability means cold, snowy periods will still happen", but we can expect "fewer frost and snow days".
Additional reporting by Alix Hattenstone.




BBCFormer staff at the firm behind Grand Theft Auto have told the BBC that a "devastating" mass sacking took place allegedly because they tried to unionise.
Some 31 employees were dismissed in October for what Rockstar North called "gross misconduct".
The majority were based at the gaming giant's Edinburgh headquarters, with former workers claiming they were penalised for discussing working conditions in a private online forum.
Rockstar North said it was incorrect to suggest the dismissals were linked to union membership or activities. It said it took action after staff discussed confidential information, including specific game features from upcoming titles, in a public forum.
The Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain (IWGB) called it a "ruthless act of union-busting".
Rockstar North is one of the UK's largest game developers.
Its upcoming GTA 6 game is expected to be one of the best-selling games of all time when it is released in May 2026.
Information about game development is tightly controlled across the gaming industry, with employees often signing legally binding agreements not to share confidential information.
A group of workers have been routinely protesting outside Rockstar North's Edinburgh and London offices.
BBC Scotland News has now spoken to three of the dismissed Edinburgh workers accused of disclosing company information.


Jordan Garland, a former senior production co-ordinator, said many staff members wanted to unionise because "we were so passionate about the industry and that workplace in particular".
"We just saw it as something we could do to make it better for everyone," he added.
"So it's a little bit devastating because it's an industry that I love, and I think we all love. We couldn't really see ourselves anywhere else."
He said members of staff were discussing working conditions at the firm in a private digital forum.
Jordan added: "We were talking about working conditions, policy - not talking about projects or anything like that, just talking about conditions.
"That to me that feels like an essential, necessary part of organising. How can you organise a workplace if you can't talk about the conditions there?"
Jordan has worked at the company for the last three years and believes he was the first employee to be dismissed on the morning of 30 October.
"The first week was definitely difficult," he said. "It was a lot of sleepless nights, a lot of tossing and turning about this.
"But in a kind of macabre way, it's good they fired so many people because there is this really strong community element now."


Designer Jamie Trimmer worked in the gaming industry for most of his adult life before being sacked from Rockstar North.
"I've worked there, like, 18 years now," he said. "I think I'm the longest serving person that was fired.
"It's all I know really, and then it's just sort of ripped away. I'm left not knowing what to do next really.
"I never would have expected they would hit the nuclear option of firing so many of us in one go. It does highlight the need for unions."
The group, along with fellow dismissed colleagues, are now hoping to take Rockstar North to an employment tribunal.
However, they may have to wait up to a year for their case to be heard.
In the meantime, they are waiting to learn if they qualify for an intermediate relief hearing, which could see them reinstated in their roles or kept on Rockstar North's payroll.
The issue was also raised at Prime Minister's Questions in Westminster last week by MP Chris Murray.
Sir Keir Starmer said it was "deeply concerning" and promised to look into the issue.
He added: "Every worker has the right to join a trade union, and we're determined to strengthen workers' rights and ensure they don't face unfair consequences for being part of a union."


Sacked production co-ordinator Sarah Blackburn said the public and political support has helped her deal with the situation.
"It's massively heartening to hear actually and in a way, I'd say validating," she said.
"We've had a lot of support coming from places that I genuinely didn't expect.
"We've had people who were in unions who previously fought fights in different industries basically just expressing solidarity and support. It's a flex of power and it's been painful to be on this side of it, but I think the support has been great."
In a statement, Rockstar North told BBC Scotland News: "Rockstar Games took action against a small group of individuals, across the UK and internationally, who distributed and discussed confidential information (including specific game features from upcoming and unannounced titles) in a public forum, in breach of company policy and their legal obligations.
"Claims that these dismissals were linked to union membership or activities are entirely false and misleading."

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times
(德国之声中文网)尽管中国是受特朗普关税冲击最严重的国家,但今年头十一个月中国出口顺差的总额就已经超过一万亿美元,比去年的全年顺差总额还高。《新苏黎世报》发表评论写道,如果仅仅用中国共产党计划经济的小伎俩来解释这一成就显然过于简单化,要知道中国在全球工业产值中的占比已经接近三分之一。这篇题为《中国货币应当变得更强》的评论写道:
“中国早已不再是那个劳动密集型产业的世界工厂。但凡亲眼见证过中国现代化电动车工厂的人都会认同前不久市场调研及财富管理公司‘佳富龙洲’(Gavekal Dragonomics)发布的评估报告。报告中称,中国工业企业中投入使用的机器人已经是美国的两倍。在产量可比的前提下,中国工人的生产率已经是美国工人的两到三倍。这当然也同中国各地方政府间的激烈竞争有关,各省市都会通过税收优惠、低息贷款以及土地补贴等方式,促进在当地发展现代工业。而北京的中央政府更是造成了不同供应商之间的激烈竞争,最终导致产能过剩,并出现了企业间的相互碾压和价格大战。
中国的经济成就并不仅局限于出口领域,国内市场的增速甚至更快。也正因为如此,过去十年当中,出口在中国经济总量中的占比已经从24%降到了20%。但新冠疫情之后,中国的内需开始疲软,企业只好走出国门寻找新的市场。既然不能再像以前那样大力进军美国市场,那就另辟蹊径,开拓世界其他市场。如果中国能够遵守市场经济的规则,这一切本身并无可厚非:毕竟国际竞争会令生意更加兴隆,也会促进技术创新,并最终提高富裕程度。”
汇率是问题的关键所在
《新苏黎世报》的评论指出,有关中国违反世贸组织规定的指控,充其量只能说部分属实,毕竟对所谓未来产业提供政府补贴的,并不只是中国一家。更何况,与美国不同的是,中国还是尊重世贸组织裁决的。评论认为,问题的症结其实在于人民币的汇率:
”中国的货币人民币是不可以自由兑换的,汇率则是受中国央行的操控。尽管中国出口产业日趋强劲,顺差连创新高,但疫情结束后的三年当中,人民币按照贸易加权计算竟然贬值了10%之多。
一方面,这可能是掩盖‘动态清零’惨重代价的一种尝试。另一重要原因则是中国央行将人民币汇率同美元挂钩的一贯做法。央行试图让人民币同美元的名义汇率保持相对稳定。此举虽然导致人民币对美元的汇率目前略微上升,但由于美元在全球范围内的疲软趋势,却使中国产品在世界其他地区变得越来越便宜。
严重的贸易失衡必将引发贸易保护主义,特朗普已经在这一点做出了样板。为了及时应对贸易保护主义浪潮,北京主动让人民币升值应当是个明智之举,毕竟真正强大的工业,也将能够支撑得起强势的货币。”
产能过剩将连累中国经济
《法兰克福汇报》评论则认为,中国经济的总体形势,并没有看上去那样乐观:
“中华人民共和国的经济形势,可谓在西方名声大噪:很多人认为,中国的经济实力既难以匹敌又无法撼动,以至于很快得出这样的结论:计划经济其实比它的名声要好得多,西方应当借鉴中国产业政策的经验。
但事实却远非如此简单:建筑行业长年产业过剩的后果已经令中国国内经济不堪重负。因为随着房价的下跌,很多中国人的私人财产已经大幅缩水,消费热情也因此急剧降温。大部分工业领域也同样面临产能过剩的问题,受美国关税的影响,他们不得不匆忙尝试将产品低价销往世界各地。中国的廉价产品令欧洲制造商叫苦不迭,但消费者则不亦乐乎。更为关键的是,廉价抛售工业产品正在摧毁中国厂家的盈利。建筑行业陷入困境之后,中国工业的苦难也将紧随其后。”
摘编自其他媒体的内容,不代表德国之声的立场或观点。
DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。
© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究
(德国之声中文网)据俄罗斯媒体报道,俄罗斯检察院已将德国之声(DW)列为“不受欢迎组织”。俄罗斯议会下院国家杜马对这一决定表示欢迎。国家杜马此前已于2024年8月20日要求检察院采取这一行动。
“这吓不倒我们”
德国之声台长芭芭拉·马辛(Barbara Massing)表示:“俄罗斯或许会把我们列为‘不受欢迎的组织’,但这吓不倒我们。他们最近的一轮压制自由媒体的尝试,表明该政权对新闻自由的漠视以及对独立信息的恐惧。尽管俄罗斯政府审查并封锁了我们的服务,但德国之声的俄语节目如今的受众比以往任何时候都多。我们将继续进行独立报道,报道乌克兰侵略战争以及其他在俄罗斯信息匮乏的话题,以便人们能够形成自己的观点。”
在俄罗斯,任何与“不受欢迎组织”合作的人都属于犯罪行为,将面临巨额罚款,极端情况下甚至可能被判处监禁。分享被认定为“不受欢迎组织”的媒体内容也被视为犯罪行为,例如在社交媒体上分享新闻文章。对于俄罗斯公民而言,这种合作禁令的适用范围不仅限于俄罗斯境内。这直接影响到德国之声的俄罗斯员工。
更多阅读:三年战争如何改变了我们:前德国之声记者在乌克兰的战地经历
自2022年3月起,德国之声在俄罗斯被列为“外国代理人”。俄罗斯就是这样对接受外国资金的个人、媒体和组织进行分类的。在此之前,德国之声的广播已被禁止,其莫斯科演播室被迫迁出,dw.com网站的所有节目语言版本均被屏蔽,在俄罗斯无法访问。
被列为“不受欢迎组织”标志着针对德国之声的制裁措施进一步升级。该决定由俄罗斯总检察长或其代表做出。相关组织随后将被列入相应的登记册。德国之声尚未收到俄罗斯当局的正式通知。
除德国之声外,包括自由欧洲电台/自由电台、Bellingcat、CORRECTIV、无国界记者组织和TV Rain在内的众多媒体机构、非政府组织和基金会也被列为“不受欢迎组织”。
俄罗斯用户如何绕过审查
在俄罗斯,德国之声 (DW) 越来越依赖数字平台,以便用户更便捷地获取独立信息。提供绕过审查的方法也至关重要:例如,使用Tor浏览器、VPN 或DW的应用程序。新开发的DW Access应用也提供了另一种安全绕过审查、获取信息的途径。用户可以从 www.access-unlocked.org 下载该应用,也可以通过即时通讯或蓝牙直接分享。
2025年每周访问DW俄语频道的用户人数约为一千万,点阅的主要内容为视频报道,这使其跻身DW十大最受欢迎频道之列。DW每天制作30分钟的俄语视频新闻节目《DW新闻》。在里加制作的讽刺节目《保护区》也颇受欢迎。
自2024年3月起,德国之声的俄语节目也加入了无国界记者组织的“自由电视台”(TV-Svoboda)频道组合。该组合包含约20家独立的俄语电视台和广播电台,通过欧洲通信卫星公司(Eutelsat)的Hotbird卫星进行广播。
DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。
© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。
壹传媒创办人黎智英涉及串谋勾结外国势力和串谋发布煽动刊物的三项罪名成立。香港警务处国家安全处总警司李桂华批评黎智英利用年轻人帮助他完成反政府目的,并称有关案件的审讯过程全程公开及透明。
综合香港电台网、文汇网、网媒“香港01”报道,黎智英与《苹果日报》三家相关公司,被控以两项《香港国安法》下的串谋勾结外国势力罪及一项煽动罪,案件星期一(12月15日)在西九龙法院裁决。三名国安法指定法官裁定黎智英两项串谋勾结外国势力,以及一项煽动罪名全部罪成。
李桂华在庭外回应传媒提问时说,当时的《苹果日报》在黎智英指挥下,推出“Video Talk”、“撑学生阅读计划”等项目,策略性煽动多些年轻人投入反政府活动。“他(黎智英)都是有子女的人,为人父母,见到其他人的子女锒铛入狱,前途尽毁,我真是不知道他的感受是怎样……其实他是整个乱局的推手,难辞其咎。”
李桂华称案件的审讯过程全程公开及透明,并强调负责查案、检控及审讯的人员不会惧怕被外国制裁。
至于判决会否影响新闻自由,李桂华称《基本法》有条文保障新闻自由,但并非“绝对自由”,牵涉国家安全要有制约。

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times

© Jean-Baptiste Lacroix/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

© Pool photo by Christophe Ena


© Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg


© Jamie Kelter Davis for The New York Times