Under Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, new visa rules are forcing some foreign business owners, who have put down roots in Japan, to leave.

© Noriko Hayashi for The New York Times

Supporters of Mr. Lai, a Hong Kong dissident, and Mr. Dong, a Chinese journalist, hope President Trump will raise their cases with President Xi Jinping.

The war in Iran, trade, artificial intelligence and Taiwan are expected to be on the agenda. But expectations are modest.

The men were arrested in 2024, accused of surveilling dissidents from Hong Kong in Britain. The case sent a chill through pro-democracy protesters who have fled the territory.