Guandimiao is a Chinese archaeological site in Xingyang, Henan. It is the site of a small Late Shang village, inhabited by around 100 people at its peak, and occupied from c. 1250 to 1100 BCE. It likely exported ceramics (example pictured) and cattle, while importing mass produced goods such as arrowheads and hairpins from the Shang capital at Yinxu, 200 km (120 mi) to the north. The villagers practiced rituals such as pyromancy using locally produced oracle bones and the sacrifice of cattle—as well as, more rarely, pigs and humans. Burials at the site have been noted for the almost complete absence of grave goods beyond occasional cowrie shells and sacrificed dogs. First excavated from 2006 to 2008 during preparations for the South–North Water Transfer Project, excavations have significantly broadened scholars' understanding of rural Shang economies and rituals, as well as the layout of rural villages, which have received relatively little attention in comparison to urban centers. (Full article...)

• ... that there was a legal battle over whether Sachertorte (pictured) should have one or two layers of sponge?
• ... that a Nevada radio station once had a show that played Tongan music?
• ... that the seat of Muchipara in the 1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election was won by just nine votes?
• ... that queen parasitic ants can lay their own eggs inside of a host's colony?
• ... that Jim Aldred, with nothing to do after the beach season ended, developed ice hockey in Portugal?
• ... that the Bernard Schwartz House was built after Schwartz saw a plan by Frank Lloyd Wright in Life magazine?
• ... that Peter Sprenger was the first Liechtensteiner to summit Mount Everest?
• ... that the 2nd-century BC Aramaic inscription of Yanouh is the first attested use of Aramaic as a public language in Mount Lebanon?
• ... that an Italian adage says that a fat pope follows a thin one?

• Zhao Xintong (pictured) defeats Mark Williams to win the World Snooker Championship.
• In horse racing, Sovereignty, ridden by Junior Alvarado, wins the Kentucky Derby.
• In the Singaporean general election, the People's Action Party retains a supermajority of seats.
• The Australian Labor Party increases its majority in the federal election.
• In Trinidad and Tobago, the United National Congress wins a majority in the general election.

May 7

• 1487 – Granada War: Forces of Aragon and Castile began a siege of Málaga, a Muslim city in the south of the Iberian Peninsula.
• 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre (pictured) established the Cult of the Supreme Being as the new state religion of the French First Republic.
• 1798 – War of the First Coalition: A British garrison repelled a French attack on the Îles Saint-Marcouf off the Normandy coast, inflicting heavy losses.
• 1937 – Employees at Fleischer Studios in New York City went on strike in the animation industry's first major labor strike.
• 1946 – Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita founded the telecommunications corporation Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, later renamed Sony.

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William Daniel Leahy (6 May 1875 – 20 July 1959) was the most senior United States military officer on active duty during World War II, and the first to hold a five-star rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. An 1897 graduate of Annapolis, Leahy saw active service in the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War, the Boxer Rebellion in China, the Banana Wars in Central America, and World War I, and was Chief of Naval Operations from 1937 to 1939. After retiring from the Navy, he was appointed the governor of Puerto Rico. In his most controversial role, he served as the ambassador to France from 1940 to 1942. He was recalled to active duty as Chief of Staff to the President in 1942, and served in that capacity for the rest of the war. As the de facto first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he presided over the American delegation to the Combined Chiefs of Staff. He was a major decision-maker during the war and was second only to the president in authority and influence. (Full article...)

• ... that Hamdan Taha co-led excavations at Hisham's Palace (pictured), an early Islamic archaeological site in the West Bank?
• ... that according to researcher Treena Clark, indigenous drag performance can be seen as a strategy for cultural survival and resistance?
• ... that Venezuelan-American socialite Reinaldo Herrera's extensive connections led to Vanity Fair employing him to work as a fixer?
• ... that in North America, Europe and New Zealand, research funding is sometimes distributed by lottery?
• ... that Dennis Walker acquired millions of dollars worth of sports memorabilia before being investigated for racketeering and selling unregistered certificates of deposit by the Oregon Attorney General?
• ... that people caught in the 2025 Belgrade stampede experienced a frightening aural sensation, leading to an accusation that the government used a sonic weapon against them?
• ... that Nahuel Carabaña turned around mid-race at the 2022 European Athletics Championships to help an injured competitor?
• ... that one reviewer described Polo by Jilly Cooper as a "frothy brew of sex, class and jodhpurs"?
• ... that LGBTQ people have adopted cutie marks as personal signifiers, with some getting tattoos of their favorite pony's mark as a form of identity expression?

• Zhao Xintong (pictured) defeats Mark Williams to win the World Snooker Championship.
• In horse racing, Sovereignty, ridden by Junior Alvarado, wins the Kentucky Derby.
• In the Singaporean general election, the People's Action Party retains a supermajority of seats.
• The Australian Labor Party increases its majority in the federal election.

May 6

• 1536 – Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: Sapa Inca emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui's army began a ten-month siege of Cusco against a garrison of Spanish conquistadors and Indian auxiliaries led by Hernando Pizarro.
• 1782 – Construction began on the Grand Palace (pictured) in Bangkok, the official residence of the king of Thailand.
• 1915 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: SY Aurora, anchored in McMurdo Sound, broke loose during a gale, beginning a 312-day ordeal in the Ross Sea and Southern Ocean for her 18-man crew.
• 2004 – The final episode of the television sitcom Friends was aired.
• 2013 – Amanda Berry escaped from the Cleveland, Ohio, home of her captor, Ariel Castro, having been held there with two other women for ten years.

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Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories is a 2004 action role-playing game that was developed by Square Enix and Jupiter, and published by Square Enix in collaboration with Disney Interactive for the Game Boy Advance. Yoko Shimomura (pictured) composed the game's music. A direct sequel to Kingdom Hearts, it uses a new card-based battle system rather than its predecessor's real-time combat. The story follows Sora and his friends as they explore the Castle Oblivion while battling Organization XIII. It received positive reviews for its story, graphics and full-motion videos, but its battle system was criticized. It was remade for the PlayStation 2 as Kingdom Hearts Re: Chain of Memories and packaged with Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix. It was then remastered in high definition and included in the Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix collection, which was released in 2013 for the PlayStation 3, and later for the PlayStation 4, the Xbox One, and personal computers. (Full article...)

• ... that an 1895 painting (pictured), depicting a woman clutching a crumpled letter, was described by a critic as "a list of disasters"?
• ... that Avi Yemini is one of seventeen children who were raised in an ultra-Orthodox Chabad family?
• ... that Playboi Carti's song titled "2024" was first teased in 2023 and later officially released in 2025?
• ... that Soemartini was appointed as the chief of the National Archives of Indonesia after working in the agency for a year?
• ... that Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter was staged by moving a corpse?
• ... that Wen Chia-ling, despite her family's initial opposition to her becoming an archer, helped Taiwan's team achieve its best-ever finish at the 2000 Summer Olympics?
• ... that just two weeks after a Florida TV station began using a news helicopter, it crashed, killing two of three occupants?
• ... that although the philosophical study of well-being dates back millennia, empirical research has intensified since the second half of the 20th century?
• ... that the 1982 film The Second November was filmed in colour, but shown in black-and-white until 2012?

• In the Singaporean general election, the People's Action Party, led by Lawrence Wong (pictured), retains a supermajority of seats.
• The Australian Labor Party wins a majority in the federal election.
• In Trinidad and Tobago, the United National Congress wins a majority in the general election.
• In Canada, the Liberal Party wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.

May 5: Lixia begins in China (2025); Children's Day in Japan; Cinco de Mayo in Mexico and the United States

• 1646 – First English Civil War: Charles I surrendered himself to Scottish Covenanter leader David Leslie near Newark, England.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign in Virginia began with the inconclusive Battle of the Wilderness in Spotsylvania County.
• 1891 – Carnegie Hall (interior pictured) in New York City, built by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, officially opened with a concert conducted by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
• 1980 – The British Special Air Service recaptured the Iranian embassy in London following a six-day siege after Iranian Arab separatists had seized it.
• 2007 – Kenya Airways Flight 507 crashed immediately after takeoff from Douala International Airport in Cameroon, resulting in the deaths of all 114 people aboard.

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Hualca Hualca is a 6,025-metre-high (19,767 ft) extinct volcano in the Andes of southern Peru. It is part of the Peruvian segment of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes. It lies about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Arequipa and is part of a north–south chain that includes the volcanoes Ampato and Sabancaya, the last of which has been historically active. Hualca Hualca features a wide amphitheatre-like structure on the northern flank, which was created by a gigantic landslide during the Pleistocene. After the collapse, renewed volcanic activity built a new summit and several lava dome complexes within the collapse scar. After the cessation of volcanic activity, glaciers eroded the volcano and formed multiple moraines. The present-day volcano is covered by glaciers, and during the Last Glacial Maximum, glaciers advanced to low altitudes. There are hot springs and geysers north of the mountain, and the magma chambers of Sabancaya are located below Hualca Hualca. (Full article...)

• ... that temperance movement activist T. D. Bancroft (pictured) witnessed Abraham Lincoln's assassination and lectured about it across America?
• ... that a reviewer praised At Hope's Ravine by saying that singer Pat Hynes sounds "like he's being unbearably tortured whilst holding a pneumatic drill"?
• ... that Carlos Baxter was erroneously given 130 votes meant for his brother during the 1860 U.S. House of Representatives election?
• ... that during the Spanish Civil War, when the government fled the coming siege of Madrid, the Rosal Column detained several government ministers and accused them of cowardice?
• ... that Almeda Lambert provided detailed instructions for creating homemade meat substitutes, such as "Nutora" and "Nutmeato"?
• ... that Tao Asian Bistro was used by The New York Times to test new conversation-boosting features in Apple's AirPods Pro?
• ... that runner Mirsada Burić survived a concentration camp, an attempted rape, and snipers' bullets before she competed at the 1992 Olympics?
• ... that a former U.S. president helped dedicate the United Engineering Center, and a future U.S. president demolished it?
• ... that former governor of Jakarta Sutiyoso has a museum dedicated to himself in his backyard?

• The Australian Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese (pictured), wins a majority in the federal election.
• In Trinidad and Tobago, the United National Congress wins a majority in the general election.
• In Canada, the Liberal Party wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.
• An explosion and fire at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.

May 4: Youth Day in China; Literary Day in Taiwan; Star Wars Day

• 1493 – Pope Alexander VI (pictured) issued the papal bull Inter caetera, establishing a line of demarcation dividing the New World between Spain and Portugal.
• 1776 – American Revolution: The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations became the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown.
• 1942 – World War II: Aircraft from Imperial Japanese Navy vessels attacked Allied naval forces, beginning the Battle of the Coral Sea, the first naval action in which the participating ships never sighted or fired directly at each other.
• 1974 – An all-female Japanese team reached the summit of Manaslu in the Himalayas, becoming the first women to climb a peak higher than 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) above sea level.
• 1979 – Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister of the United Kingdom.

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The 2015 KNVB Cup final was an association football match between PEC Zwolle and FC Groningen for the 97th KNVB Cup final, the Dutch Cup competition, played on 3 May 2015 at De Kuip in Rotterdam. PEC, the defending champions after their 5–1 victory over Ajax the previous year, were appearing in their fourth final. Groningen had reached the final once before, losing to PSV Eindhoven in 1989. PEC and Groningen entered the competition in the second round and progressed through five rounds to reach the final. Groningen scored 22 goals en route, the most of any team during the qualifying rounds. In front of more than 46,000 spectators, the first half ended goalless. The Slovak Albert Rusnák scored twice halfway through the second half, leading Groningen to a 2–0 victory and their first major honour. By winning the KNVB Cup, Groningen qualified for the 2015 Johan Cruyff Shield and the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League group stage. (Full article...)

• ... that some insects drink the tears (example pictured) of their predators?
• ... that the Vatican's website was first made available in Latin under Pope Benedict XVI?
• ... that Blue Origin NS-31 recently became the first all-female spaceflight in 62 years?
• ... that a disused industrial pier was incorporated into a city park?
• ... that a cultivar of Aquilegia flabellata has been called "as beautiful as a columbine needs to be"?
• ... that George R. Dale was sent to prison by a judge whom he accused of being in the Ku Klux Klan?
• ... that the sled dog race Ivakkak features two mushers riding on the dog sled?
• ... that Major League Baseball's first Pride Night came about after a lesbian couple were removed from a Los Angeles Dodgers game for kissing?
• ... that people in parts of India, North America, and Africa marry tree trunks?

• In Canada, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Mark Carney (pictured), wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.
• An explosion and fire at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• At least 11 people are killed in a car-ramming attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada.
• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.

May 3: World Press Freedom Day; Constitution Memorial Day in Japan (1947); Constitution Day in Poland (1791)

• 1481 – The largest of a series of earthquakes struck the island of Rhodes, causing an estimated 30,000 casualties.
• 1848 – The Benty Grange helmet (pictured), a boar-crested Anglo-Saxon helmet similar to those mentioned in the contemporary epic poem Beowulf, was discovered in Derbyshire, England.
• 1939 – Subhas Chandra Bose formed the All India Forward Bloc, a faction within the Indian National Congress, in opposition to Gandhi's tactics of nonviolence.
• 1999 – A Doppler on Wheels team measured the fastest winds recorded on Earth, at 135 m/s (302 mph; 486 km/h), in a tornado near Bridge Creek, Oklahoma.

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Margaret Sibella Brown (1866–1961) was a Canadian amateur bryologist specializing in species native to Nova Scotia. Early in her career she was involved with gathering sphagnum moss to be used as surgical dressings during World War I, when cotton was in short supply. After the war, she researched mosses from around the world, publishing papers on materials she had collected herself as well as cataloging samples collected by others; her collections are now housed at major herbaria in North America and Europe. Born into upper-class society, Brown was educated in Nova Scotia and abroad. Although lacking formal scientific training, she has been recognized for her contributions to bryology and as an authority on the mosses and liverworts of Nova Scotia. At the age of 84, Brown was awarded an honorary MA degree from Acadia University after declining their offer of a PhD. She died at her home in Halifax aged 95 and in 2010 was posthumously inducted into the Nova Scotia Scientific Hall of Fame. (Full article...)

• ... that Chicago's deteriorating J. J. Walser Jr. House (pictured) has not been repaired because it is unclear who owns the house?
• ... that the lifeboat Sir William Hillary was sent to Dover in case of aircraft crashes, but did not save anyone from an aircraft in ten years' service with the Royal National Lifeboat Institution?
• ... that Martha Burgess's 1993 sculpture of two female World War II personnel kissing was inspired by the photograph V-J Day in Times Square?
• ... that on the first day of the 1995 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état, President Miguel Trovoada emerged from hiding in his pajamas and nightgown?
• ... that Marcia Coyle, who covers the U.S. Supreme Court for PBS News Hour, got her start in journalism by writing obituaries?
• ... that Dutch East India Company officials considered the inhabitants of the Bungku Kingdom to be "the fiercest of all Malukan peoples"?
• ... that Ardo Hansson was appointed to the committee overseeing the transition from the Soviet ruble to the Estonian kroon as a replacement for someone who fell ill?
• ... that Keurbos's placement within arthropods is uncertain, as its two surviving fossils lack limbs?
• ... that Green Thumb Industries produces cannabis on lands of a former prison?

• In Canada, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Mark Carney (pictured), wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A major power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.
• An explosion and fire at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• At least 11 people are killed in a car-ramming attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada.

May 2: Flag Day in Poland

• 1559 – Presbyterian clergyman John Knox returned from exile to lead the Scottish Reformation.
• 1889 – The Treaty of Wuchale was signed, ending the Italo-Ethiopian War, but differences in translation later led to another war.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: An explosion attributed to Viet Cong commandos caused the escort carrier USNS Card to sink in the port of Saigon.
• 1999 – Mireya Moscoso (pictured) became the first woman to be elected President of Panama.
• 2014 – Two mudslides in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, killed at least 350 people.

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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. It investigates various types of knowledge, including theoretical and practical knowledge, and related concepts, such as belief, truth, and justification. Epistemologists distinguish different sources of knowledge, ranging from perception and introspection to memory, reason, and testimony. The schools of skepticism and fallibilism question the existence and certainty of knowledge, while empiricism and rationalism debate whether all knowledge stems from sense experience. Theories discussing the nature and role of justification include foundationalism, coherentism, internalism, and externalism. Separate branches of epistemology focus on knowledge in specific fields, such as scientific, mathematical, moral, and religious knowledge. Other branches are characterized by the aspects of knowledge they investigate or the research methodologies they use. Early reflections on the nature, sources, and scope of knowledge are found in ancient Greek, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. (Full article...)

• ... that the Sanahin Bridge (pictured) has stood intact for more than 800 years?
• ... that a tornado estimated to be one of the strongest on record planted maize crops in Greenfield, Iowa?
• ... that four generations of the British royal family had a summer barbecue at Inchnabobart?
• ... that the midnight shadow docket order in Tandon v. Newsom was called the most important religious free exercise decision in 30 years?
• ... that William Jenkins Wilcox Jr. was given a Citizen Archivist award at a symposium titled "Secret City in the Tennessee Hills: From Dogpatch to Nuclear Power"?
• ... that only Greenland Dogs may race in Avannaata Qimussersua?
• ... that Bangladeshi singer Abanti Sithi has used plastic cups, foil paper and metal coins as musical instruments?
• ... that Marguerite McDonald performed the world's first laser correction surgery on the normal eye of a living human patient?
• ... that Donald Trump would "much prefer not having a picture than having this one"?

• In Canada, the Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister Mark Carney (pictured), wins the most seats in the federal election.
• A major power outage affects most of the Iberian Peninsula.
• An explosion and fire at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• At least 11 people are killed in a car-ramming attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada.

May 1: Beltane and Samhain in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Maharashtra Day in Maharashtra, India (1960); International Workers' Day, Law Day, Loyalty Day and National Day of Prayer (2025) in the United States

• 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retired as co-rulers of the Roman Empire, being succeeded by Galerius and Constantius Chlorus.
• 1794 – War of the Pyrenees: France regained nearly all the land it lost to Spain the previous year with its victory in the Second Battle of Boulou.
• 1931 – New York City's Empire State Building (pictured), at the time the tallest building in the world, opened.
• 1974 – Argentine president Juan Perón expelled Montoneros from a demonstration in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, forcing the group to become a clandestine organization.

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The initial campaign of the Breton Civil War took place in 1341. John, Duke of Brittany, had died on 30 April 1341 and the Duchy of Brittany was claimed by both his younger half-brother, John of Montfort; and his niece's husband, Charles of Blois, a nephew of the king of France, Philip VI. John quickly installed friendly garrisons in most of the towns and castles of Brittany. Rumours of John's discussions with English emissaries reached Philip, causing him to recognise Charles as the new duke. John refused to give way and Philip sent an army to Brittany to impose Charles. Within a month John had been defeated and was a prisoner. His wife, Joanna, took command of her husband's army, stormed the town of Redon and moved to the small but strongly walled port of Hennebont. There she set up her two-year-old son, also named John, as the faction's figurehead. The Hundred Years' War between France and England had been ongoing since 1337, so she despatched a senior counsellor to encourage English military intervention. (Full article...)

• ... that Sequoites dakotensis was first described from clay-filled casts (examples pictured) and not the original tree cones?
• ... that Jeremy Allen White's underwear campaign with Calvin Klein earned US$12.7 million in media exposure in less than 48 hours?
• ... that Laurence Sterne's journal of love letters reverses the found-manuscript literary device by claiming that his real diary is fictional?
• ... that Katsumaro Akamatsu, a founding member of the Japanese Communist Party, supported the expulsion of communists from the Japanese Federation of Labour?
• ... that Eleanor Island was first designated as a Migratory Bird Sanctuary and later as a National Wildlife Area to give it a stronger protection status?
• ... that Vermont politician William Baxter personally funded the construction of an Orleans County school, provided that the second floor was used for religious purposes?
• ... that a fictional character from Peg O' My Heart complained about his insomnia with netizens on Threads?
• ... that a candidate in the 1968 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware took his dog on the campaign trail?
• ... that an elderly Brazilian woman helped to arrest dozens of drug traffickers and corrupt police officers?

• An explosion and fire (pictured) at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• At least 11 people are killed in a car-ramming attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada.
• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis dies at the age of 88.

April 30: Yom HaZikaron in Israel (2025)

• 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians officially ended in the eastern Roman Empire.
• 1943 – Second World War: The Royal Navy submarine HMS Seraph began Operation Mincemeat to deceive Germany about the upcoming invasion of Sicily.
• 1963 – A refusal by the Bristol Omnibus Company and the Transport and General Workers' Union to permit the employment of black bus crews led to a bus boycott in Bristol, England.
• 1975 – American forces completed a helicopter evacuation (aircraft and evacuees pictured) of U.S. citizens, South Vietnamese civilians and others from Saigon, just before North Vietnamese troops captured the city and ended the Vietnam War.
• 2021 – A crowd crush killed 45 people during the annual pilgrimage to the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai in Israel.

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The Portland spy ring was an espionage group active in the United Kingdom between 1953 and 1961. It comprised five people who obtained classified research documents from the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment (AUWE) on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, and passed them to the Soviet Union. Two of the group, Harry Houghton and Ethel Gee worked at the AUWE and had access to classified information. They passed this to their handler, Konon Molody (pictured), a KGB agent acting under a Canadian passport in the name Gordon Lonsdale. Lonsdale would pass the documents to Lona and Morris Cohen, American communists living under the names Helen and Peter Kroger; they passed the information to Moscow. The ring was exposed in 1960 after a tip-off from the Polish spy Michael Goleniewski. The information he supplied was enough to identify Houghton. MI5 surveillance uncovered the rest of the group, who were arrested in January 1961 and tried that March. Sentences for the group ranged from 15 to 25 years. (Full article...)

• ... that Solfrid Koanda (pictured) qualified for her first weightlifting competition a few days after starting the sport?
• ... that the Joint Operations Command was created based on lessons learned from the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami?
• ... that a village in North Sulawesi traces its founding to exiles from the Java War?
• ... that Continuity by Andre Wee at Hume MRT station presents a stylised cross-sectional view of the historical Former Ford Factory?
• ... that the first governor of Macau Francisco Mascarenhas took the Fortaleza do Monte as the governor's residence from the Jesuits through a ruse?
• ... that construction of a Pittsburgh TV station was delayed when it was discovered that abandoned mine shafts ran beneath the planned tower site?
• ... that American football coach Jorge Munoz served as an assistant to a former player he coached?
• ... that the birth of Christianity in Minahasa, Indonesia, is celebrated annually on June 12, the day that Johann Friedrich Riedel set foot in Manado?
• ... that protesters launched a Garbage Offensive on New York City?

• An explosion and fire (pictured) at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 70 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• At least 11 people are killed in a car-ramming attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada.
• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis dies at the age of 88.

April 29

• 1760 – Seven Years' War: France began an unsuccessful attempt to retake Quebec City, which had been captured by Britain.
• 1770 – On his first voyage, British explorer James Cook and the crew of HMS Endeavour (pictured) landed at Botany Bay, making the first recorded European landfall on the eastern coast of Australia.
• 1945 – World War II: The U.S. Army liberated Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, and killed German prisoners of war.
• 1995 – Before a crowd of about 165,000 at the Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Ric Flair and Antonio Inoki competed in the main event of Collision in Korea, the highest attended professional wrestling event of all time.
• 2015 – The ringleaders of the Bali Nine were executed in Indonesia for attempting to smuggle 8.3 kg (18 lb) of heroin to Australia in 2005.

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Lemurs of Madagascar is a 2010 reference work and field guide on the lemurs of Madagascar, giving descriptions and biogeographic data for the known species. The primary contributor is Russell Mittermeier, president of Conservation International, and the cover art and illustrations are by Stephen D. Nash. Currently in its third edition, the book provides details about all known lemur species, general information about lemurs and their history, and tips for identifying species. Four related pocket field guides have also been released, containing color illustrations of each species, miniature range maps, and species checklists. The first edition was reviewed favorably. The first edition identified 50 lemur species and subspecies, increased to 71 in the second edition and 101 in the third. The taxonomy promoted by these books has been questioned by researchers, such as Ian Tattersall, who view these growing numbers of lemur species as insufficiently justified inflation of species numbers. (Full article...)

• ... that Spaceship House (pictured) was originally built as a 1970s-era bachelor pad?
• ... that Abbot Donato Ogliari is expected to deliver a meditation to the cardinals of the Catholic Church before the beginning of the 2025 papal conclave?
• ... that British composer Havergal Brian described his Symphony No. 2 as "Man in his cosmic loneliness: ambition, loves, battles, death"?
• ... that in 2019 sanitary bins were removed from railway stations in Japan to prevent terrorism?
• ... that Ruben A. Valdez, a high-school dropout, became the speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives?
• ... that the Catholic Church takes up a collection for Christians in the Holy Land annually on Good Friday?
• ... that the independent video-game developer Re-Logic cancelled the Google Stadia release of its game Terraria after its Google Account was suspended?
• ... that Sophie Rain went from living on food stamps to making US$43 million in a year on OnlyFans?
• ... that American Entomologist credited rivalry displays involving the Pokémon Pinsir with re-emphasizing Japanese cultural interest in insects?

• An explosion and fire (pictured) at the Port of Shahid Rajaee, Iran, kills at least 40 people and injures more than 1,200 others.
• A car attack at a street festival in Vancouver, Canada, kills at least 11 people and injures more than 20 others.
• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis dies at the age of 88.

April 28: Workers' Memorial Day

• 1253 – The Japanese monk Nichiren declared the mantra Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, now a central part of Nichiren Buddhism.
• 1789 – Fletcher Christian, the acting lieutenant on board the Royal Navy ship Bounty, led a mutiny against the commander William Bligh in the South Pacific.
• 1923 – The FA Cup final (crowd and police pictured) between Bolton Wanderers and West Ham United was held on the opening day of the Empire Stadium in London.
• 1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini, the deposed fascist dictator of Italy, was executed by partisans in Giulino.
• 1983 – The West German news magazine Stern published excerpts from the purported diaries of Adolf Hitler, later revealed to be forgeries.

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The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask is a 2000 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It makes use of enhanced 3D graphics and features several gameplay changes, but reuses elements and character models from Ocarina of Time (1998). It follows Link, who arrives in a parallel world, Termina, and becomes embroiled in a quest to prevent the moon from crashing in three days' time. The game introduces gameplay concepts revolving around a perpetually repeating three-day cycle and the use of various masks that transform Link into different forms, and requires the Expansion Pak add-on for the Nintendo 64, which provides additional memory for more refined graphics. Majora's Mask was acclaimed by critics, and generated a cult following. It was rereleased for the GameCube in 2003, and for the online services of the Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo Switch. An enhanced remake for the Nintendo 3DS was released in 2015. (Full article...)

• ... that the machete in the flag of Angola (pictured) symbolizes peasants, agriculture, and the country's war of independence?
• ... that ratings for The Bard range from A− by The A.V. Club to being the second-worst episode of The Twilight Zone by /Film and Paste?
• ... that Jon Haukeland established a "Polar Bear model" for Norwegian children?
• ... that Statistics House partially collapsed in the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake even though the building was once assessed as not being earthquake-prone?
• ... that Lady Gaga's Living Dress was designed by the creator of the Batsuit?
• ... that the name of the Maendeleo horseshoe bat refers to its discovery representing progress in understanding Tanzanian bats?
• ... that Philadelphia's Washington Monument was unveiled at its dedication in 1897 by the president of the United States?
• ... that Finland won its first Olympic ice hockey medal under the leadership of Kai Hietarinta?
• ... that to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the BBC soap opera EastEnders, viewers were given the opportunity to vote on the outcome of a love triangle storyline?

• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis (pictured) dies at the age of 88.
• Daniel Noboa is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.

April 27: Koningsdag in the Netherlands

• 630 – Shahrbaraz usurped the throne of the Sasanian Empire from Ardashir III, but was himself killed six weeks later.
• 1650 – Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Covenanter forces defeated the Royalists at the Battle of Carbisdale near the village of Culrain, Scotland.
• 1945 – World War II: The photograph Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn (pictured) was taken after German troops withdrew to Norway at the end of the Lapland War.
• 1965 – Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation: British forces repelled a surprise Indonesian attack on a base at Plaman Mapu in Sarawak.
• 2005 – The Airbus A380, the world's largest passenger airliner, made its maiden flight from Toulouse, France.

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Black Slave's Cry to Heaven was a 1907 stage play performed by the Spring Willow Society, a Chinese student troupe, in Tokyo, Japan. Adapted by Zeng Xiaogu from a translation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, the play focused on the experiences and eventual escape of two slaves, Eliza and George, after killing several of their pursuers. Modified to allegorically call attention to the experiences of Chinese migrants in the United States, Black Slave's Cry to Heaven was innovative in its use of spoken dialogue and realistic set designs. Performed twice at the Hongō-za Theatre, the show was well received by critics and audiences. Although its script has been lost, the play has inspired subsequent works. Due to its technical innovations and nationalist themes, Black Slave's Cry to Heaven has been canonized as the first modern, Western-style Chinese drama. (Full article...)

• ... that anti-Pinochet dissident Luis Corvalán (pictured) had his appearance surgically altered by Soviet doctors before returning to Chile?
• ... that the two known populations of the desert musk shrew are found on opposite ends of Africa?
• ... that the body of a rebel commander was identified after the Battle of Siluk by his diamond-adorned kris?
• ... that the origin of Girls' Day in China is uncertain?
• ... that Patriots in Georgia conducted a raid on Tybee Island to capture runaway slaves during the American Revolutionary War?
• ... that "Multo" was the first song by a Filipino act to enter the Billboard Global 200 chart?
• ... that last year, Pope Francis simplified the book for papal funerals?
• ... that commentators described American wrestler Wyatt Hendrickson defeating an Olympic gold medalist as the "biggest upset in NCAA history"?
• ... that The Alchemist Code, a game themed around the seven deadly sins, collaborated with The Seven Deadly Sins?

• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis (pictured) dies at the age of 88.
• Daniel Noboa is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 232 people.

April 26

• 1478 – In a conspiracy to replace the Medici family as rulers of the Republic of Florence, the Pazzi family attacked Lorenzo de' Medici (pictured) and killed his brother Giuliano at Florence Cathedral.
• 1915 – First World War: Britain, France and Russia signed a secret treaty promising territory to Italy if it joined the war on their side.
• 1933 – The Gestapo, the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, was established.
• 1989 – A tornado struck the Manikganj District of Bangladesh and killed an estimated 1,300 people, making it the deadliest tornado in history.
• 1994 – Just before landing at Nagoya Airport, Japan, the copilot of China Airlines Flight 140 inadvertently triggered the takeoff/go-around switch, causing the aircraft to crash and killing 264 of the 271 people on board.

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The 1925 FA Cup final was an association football match contested by Sheffield United and Cardiff City on 25 April 1925 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. The final was the showpiece match of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (FA Cup), organised by the Football Association. Both teams entered the competition in the first round and progressed through five stages to reach the final. Both clubs conceded only two goals each en route to the final. This was the second time a team from outside England had reached an FA Cup final. It was also the first time a Welsh team had reached the final of the competition. Nearly 92,000 spectators attended the final. The only goal of the game was scored by Sheffield United's Fred Tunstall after 30 minutes and the match finished 1–0. The match remains the last time Sheffield United won the FA Cup. Cardiff later played in and won the 1927 final. (Full article...)

• ... that St. Hripsime Church (pictured), standing for 1,400 years, has many earthquake-resistant devices?
• ... that Sasami changed her sound for a third time for her third album Blood on the Silver Screen?
• ... that Japan's celebrity chimpanzee Rita, who dressed as a geisha and smoked cigarettes, became a wartime "propaganda icon"?
• ... that despite being known as "lucky" by colleagues, journalist David Griffin died in an airplane crash?
• ... that the Japanese live-action television drama adaptation of Accomplishment of Fudanshi Bartender was first broadcast in Taiwan before being broadcast in its home country?
• ... that a yeshiva student turned magician went from practicing card tricks in his free time to performing for major league baseball teams?
• ... that an Olympic gymnast lost her gold medal after the women's artistic individual all-around because she used Nurofen, which contains pseudoephedrine, to treat her common cold?
• ... that the Scottish painter Carole Gibbons had her first US exhibition in her eighties?
• ... that because the Green Bay Packers were named after a canned meat company, PETA called on the team to change their name?

• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 people.
• Pope Francis (pictured) dies at the age of 88.
• Daniel Noboa is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 232 people.

April 25: Liberation Day in Italy (1945); Anzac Day in Australia and New Zealand

• 1643 – First English Civil War: Despite being vastly outnumbered, a Parliamentarian force under James Chudleigh defeated a Royalist army near Okehampton, Devon, at the Battle of Sourton Down.
• 1915 – First World War: The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps landed at Anzac Cove while British and French troops landed at Cape Helles to begin the Allied invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire.
• 1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine Triton (pictured) completed the first submerged circumnavigation of the world.
• 1983 – The first issue of The Jakarta Post was published in Indonesia.
• 2015 – Nepal was struck by a magnitude-7.8 earthquake, killing more than 8,000 people.

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"I'm God" is an instrumental song by the American producer Michael Volpe, known professionally as Clams Casino, and the British singer Imogen Heap (pictured). Volpe created "I'm God" in 2009 by sampling Heap's 2005 song "Just for Now". Volpe sent the track to the rapper Lil B; the instrumental is featured on a song of the same name on Lil B's 2009 mixtape, 6 Kiss. Volpe self-released "I'm God" in 2011 and, in 2012, it appeared on his mixtape Instrumentals 2. It was officially released on streaming on April 24, 2020, appearing on Volpe's Instrumental Relics compilation. A cloud rap song, "I'm God" is noted for its ethereal and dream-like aspects. It received a cult following on the Internet, being unofficially reuploaded by fans to social media, including in the form of a music video that incorporates clips from the 1989 French film Perdues dans New York. "I'm God" went on to be influential in the genre of cloud rap. It was certified gold in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America. (Full article...)

• ... that the Manchurian hare (pictured), unusually among hare species, is a forest dweller?
• ... that Robert J. O'Brien said that he did not drink alcohol, despite owning a saloon and being elected as alderman by a district containing more than 250 bars?
• ... that no one knows where the Oval Office Swedish ivy came from?
• ... the multiple dancers were arrested at the Capitol Theatre in San Francisco for allegedly not wearing bras during striptease numbers?
• ... that a village in Japan claims that it was Jesus's resting place?
• ... that Olympians Alice Lord and Richmond Landon later married after meeting each other on the ship ride to the 1920 Summer Olympics?
• ... that Sofia Gubaidulina combined the Passion narrative according to John with texts from the Book of Revelation when she composed her 2000 Johannes-Passion?
• ... that scientists from the Institutum Divi Thomae raised silkworms at Saint Gregory Seminary during World War II as a form of economic warfare against Japan?
• ... that Wall Street Plaza is not on Wall Street?

• Militants attack a group of tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 28 people.
• Pope Francis (pictured) dies at the age of 88.
• Daniel Noboa is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 232 people.

April 24: Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day (1915)

• 1837 – A fire broke out in Surat, India, which went on to destroy about 75% of the city.
• 1914 – The Franck–Hertz experiment, the first electrical measurement to clearly demonstrate quantum mechanics, was presented to the German Physical Society.
• 1916 – Irish republicans led by Patrick Pearse began the Easter Rising against British rule in Ireland, and proclaimed the Irish Republic an independent state.
• 1980 – Eight U.S. servicemen died in Operation Eagle Claw, a failed attempt to rescue the captives in the Iran hostage crisis.
• 1990 – The Hubble Space Telescope (pictured) was launched aboard STS-31 by Space Shuttle Discovery.
• 1993 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated a truck bomb in London's financial district in Bishopsgate, killing one person, injuring forty-four others, and causing damage that cost £350 million to repair.

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The Aineta aryballos is an Ancient Greek aryballos (a small, spherical flask or vase), made between approximately 625 and 570 BCE in the city of Corinth in southern Greece. Approximately 6.35 centimetres (2.50 in) in both height and diameter, it was intended to contain perfumed oil or unguent, and is likely to have been owned by a high-class courtesan (hetaira) by the name of Aineta. The vase's illegal sale to the British Museum in 1865 led to the prosecution of its seller, the Athenian professor and art dealer Athanasios Rhousopoulos, and exposed his widespread involvement in antiquities crime. The vase is inscribed with a portrait, probably that of Aineta, who is named in the inscription on the vase. The aryballos is likely to have been found in a grave, probably that of Aineta. In 1877, Rhousopoulos was fined for selling the vase in contravention of Greek law. The case represented a relatively rare successful use of state power against the illegal trade in Ancient Greek artefacts. (Full article...)

• ... that George Frazier Miller (pictured) raised and spent $10 during his election campaign for a seat in the United States Congress in 1918?
• ... that, near the ending of the 2005 interactive storytelling video game Façade, two characters portrayed through AI chatbots ask the player for relationship advice?
• ... that Lebanese actress Cynthya Karam volunteers as a clown doctor in children's hospitals?
• ... that a Wisconsin TV station claimed the first-ever broadcast of a lunar eclipse, which it captured by moving a studio camera into its parking lot?
• ... that Khujand gained independence just a year before it was conquered by the Russian Empire?
• ... that Prince Louis of Wales is the first British prince to be ranked behind an elder sister in the line of succession?
• ... that Klingenheben's law is usually referred to in the singular, but in fact comprises four independent sound changes?
• ... that Aquilegia vulgaris was associated with a fertility goddess in ancient Greece, symbolized sacredness for Flemish painters, and was an omen of death in Hamlet?
• ... that Edwin Rist stole hundreds of rare birds to make into fishing lures?

• Pope Francis (pictured) dies at the age of 88.
• Daniel Noboa is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 232 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.

April 23: National Sovereignty and Children's Day in Turkey (1920)

• 1467 – Ottoman wars in Europe: Albanian leader Skanderbeg defeated an Ottoman army under Ballaban Badera to raise the siege of Krujë.
• 1945 – World War II: The US Army's 90th Infantry Division liberated Flossenbürg concentration camp (pictured) in Germany, freeing 1,500 prisoners.
• 1976 – The American band the Ramones released their debut album, which became highly influential on the emerging punk rock movement.
• 1979 – Blair Peach, a New Zealand teacher, was fatally injured after being knocked unconscious during an Anti-Nazi League demonstration against a National Front election meeting in Southall, London.
• 2018 – A man intentionally struck pedestrians with a van on Yonge Street in Toronto, Canada, leading to 11 deaths.

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Edgar Towner (19 April 1890 – 18 August 1972) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, awarded for his actions during an attack on Mont Saint-Quentin during World War I. Born in Queensland, Towner enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in 1915. He served in Egypt with the 25th Battalion until his unit was sent to the Western Front. He then transferred to the 2nd Machine Gun Battalion where he was commissioned as a lieutenant. In June 1918, Towner led a machine gun section attack near Morlancourt while under heavy fire, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. In September, he was involved in the Allied counteroffensive that broke the German lines at Mont Saint-Quentin and Péronne. Towner returned to Australia after being discharged in August 1919. He was appointed a director of the Russleigh Pastoral Company and re-enlisted during World War II, when he was promoted to major. He was awarded the Dr Thomson Foundation Gold Medal in 1956 for his geographical work. (Full article...)

• ... that Alejandro Finisterre (pictured), the inventor of table football, threatened to blow up a plane with a bar of soap?
• ... that Liv.e wrote her debut album Couldn't Wait to Tell You while working in Urban Outfitters?
• ... that F. B. J. Kuiper, after no longer being able to drive due to his failing vision, underwent eye surgery and then immediately bought a BMW?
• ... that Adolf Hitler received more than 300 visitors during his Festungshaft (fortress confinement) in Landsberg Prison?
• ... that St. Thomas Church and Howard–Flaget House was the site of the first Catholic seminary on the American frontier?
• ... that voice actress Rika Hayashi brought a golf club to the recording studio for Tonbo!, a golf-themed anime series?
• ... that Prunus cathybrownae, an extinct relative of plums, was named after three different Catherines?
• ... that Jiang Xiaoxuan set her debut film, To Kill a Mongolian Horse, in her homeland of Inner Mongolia?
• ... that Baltimore County Police Department leader Carroll E. Stansbury assigned officers to combat chicken theft?

• Daniel Noboa (pictured) is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 231 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.

April 19: Primrose Day in London

• 1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issued the Pragmatic Sanction, allowing the Habsburg hereditary possessions to be inherited by a daughter.
• 1809 – War of the Fifth Coalition: French general Louis-Nicolas Davout defeated an Austrian force in Lower Bavaria, allowing him to rejoin the main French army.
• 1987 – The fictional Simpson family made their first appearance in the short "Good Night", aired in a segment of the The Tracey Ullman Show.
• 1995 – A truck bombing destroyed much of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (aftermath pictured) in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring more than 680 others.
• 2015 – Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old African American, died of injuries sustained while in the custody of the Baltimore Police Department.

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The Battle of Poison Spring was fought on April 18, 1864, as part of the Camden Expedition during the American Civil War. In support of the Red River campaign in Louisiana, a Union force commanded by Frederick Steele had moved from Little Rock, Arkansas, and occupied Camden. Short on supplies, Steele sent a detachment commanded by James M. Williams to forage for corn that was reported to be in the area. Confederate cavalry commanded by John S. Marmaduke and Samuel B. Maxey attacked the foraging party. Marmaduke's men formed a roadblock to the east, while Maxey's men attacked from the south. The first two Confederate attacks were unsuccessful, but the third broke the Union line. Williams's command was routed, losing its wagon train. African-American soldiers from the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry Regiment were massacred during and after the battle. The defeat at Poison Spring and another defeat at the Battle of Marks' Mills led Steele to retreat to Little Rock. (Full article...)

• ... that the spring blooming wildflower common starlily (pictured) develops its seeds underground?
• ... that singer Ano joined You'll Melt More! without an interview at the invitation of the group's producer?
• ... that a Chinese short story about a man's friendship with a rock may have been inspired by the painter Mi Fu, who was reportedly obsessed with rocks?
• ... that the efforts of oil industry lobbyist Donald Pearlman to prevent the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol were dramatized in the 2024 play Kyoto?
• ... that the 69th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest featured several tracks that were "laden thick with double entendre", including "Ich komme"?
• ... that Trump wrote a letter to Ali Khamenei in an effort to initiate new nuclear negotiations with Iran?
• ... that in 2004 the Wasps Women's coach Giselle Mather waited until the end of a match to go to hospital despite going into labour before half-time?
• ... that a Minnesota radio station forbade its announcers from saying what songs they had just played?
• ... that the fictitious subject of a hoax Wikipedia article was a nominee to be on an English £50 note?

• Daniel Noboa (pictured) is re-elected president of Ecuador.
• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 231 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.

April 18

• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Colonists Paul Revere and William Dawes, later joined by Samuel Prescott, began a midnight ride to warn residents of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, about the impending arrival of British troops.
• 1881 – The painted ceilings of the Natural History Museum, London, were unveiled when the building opened its doors to the public.
• 1915 – World War I: Hit by ground fire, French aviation pioneer Roland Garros (pictured) landed his aircraft behind enemy lines and was taken prisoner by German forces.
• 1949 – The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 came into force, describing Ireland as a republic and ending its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1975 – Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was launched from Kapustin Yar in the Soviet Union.

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Bæddel and bædling are Old English terms referring to non-normative sexual or gender categories. Occurring in a small number of medieval glossaries and penitentials (guides for religious penance), the exact meaning of the terms (and their distinction, if any) are debated by scholars. Both terms are often connected to effeminacy and adultery. Bæddel is glossed as 'hermaphrodite' and a 'man of both sexes' in its two extant glosses, while bædling is often glossed with terms associated with effeminacy and softness. The Oxford English Dictionary supports bæddel as the etymological root of the English adjective bad, although scholars propose alternative origins, including a shared root with both bæddel and bædling. The term bædlings may have included people assigned female at birth who took on masculine social roles or referred to intersex people. Scholars suggest that bædlings could represent a third gender outside the gender binary or a form of gender nonconformity in Anglo-Saxon society. (Full article...)

• ... that Gil Hovav (pictured) reads announcements at Ben Gurion Airport for free because he was annoyed by previous small grammatical errors?
• ... that the creator of Pop was part of the German techno scene?
• ... that during the Hail Larry game, Green Bay Packers wide receiver Jeff Janis recorded 145 of his career total of 345 receiving yards and two of his three career touchdowns?
• ... that actor Xavier Molyneux worked as an event paramedic between his acting roles?
• ... that United States president Joe Biden began his political career by unseating an incumbent county councilman?
• ... that the sole athlete representing Kiribati at the 2024 Summer Paralympics impressed the International Paralympic Committee through his eye mask?
• ... that the founder of a Mississippi radio station compared selling advertising time to campaigning for political office?
• ... that Šediváčkův long is considered one of Europe's most challenging dog sled races, with teams climbing more than 7,500 metres (24,600 feet) during the event?
• ... that Senator James A. Reed asked "Who the hell is Webb?" when he was nominated to be Webb's vice-presidential nominee?

• Peruvian writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate Mario Vargas Llosa (pictured) dies at the age of 89.
• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 231 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.
• In horse racing, Nick Rockett, ridden by Patrick Mullins, wins the Grand National.

April 17: Evacuation Day in Syria (1946)

• 1080 – Canute IV became King of Denmark upon the death of his brother Harald III.
• 1809 – Napoleonic Wars: After a three-day chase, the French ship D'Hautpoul was captured off Puerto Rico by a British squadron under Alexander Cochrane.
• 1951 – The Peak District was designated the first national park in the United Kingdom.
• 1975 – The Khmer Rouge captured Phnom Penh, the capital of the Khmer Republic, ending the Cambodian Civil War and establishing the socialist state of Democratic Kampuchea.
• 2014 – NASA announced the discovery of Kepler-186f (pictured), the first exoplanet with a radius similar to Earth's discovered in the habitable zone of another star.

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The mind is that which thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, including both conscious and unconscious processes. Its exact nature is debated, like whether mental phenomena are internal activities of transforming information or dispositions to engage in observable behavior. The mind–body problem is the challenge of explaining the relation between matter and mind. According to physicalism, minds are not independent entities but certain aspects of material objects. The evolutionary history of the mind is tied to the development of brains, but it is controversial at which point minds emerged and which non-human animals possess minds. Similar theoretical challenges concern the possibility of artificial minds powered by computers. The main fields studying the mind include psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and the philosophy of mind. Their methods range from empirical observation and neuroimaging to conceptual analysis and thought experiments. (Full article...)

• ... that the Seth Peterson Cottage (pictured) was said to have "more architecture per square foot" than any of Frank Lloyd Wright's other designs?
• ... that Robert Van Damme played ice hockey professionally before pursuing a career in gay pornography?
• ... that a 2023 tornado damaged Selma, Alabama, known for civil-rights marches attended by Martin Luther King Jr., just eight days before MLK Day?
• ... that Pitty recorded Admirável Chip Novo with a band hastily assembled from Salvador musicians after rejecting Rio de Janeiro's session musicians because it felt "strange"?
• ... that Joseph Pearman played American football with F. Scott Fitzgerald at a preparatory school?
• ... that A Polish Book of Monsters features stories in which the line between monster and human is blurred, reflecting what the editor saw as a quintessentially Polish view of monstrosity?
• ... that an Indian restaurant chain has more than 800 combinations of kulfi flavours, toppings, and sauces?
• ... that some mill workers in a historic district in Virginia gave their ages as fourteen despite appearing much younger?
• ... that Yi chieftain Xiao Yedan and a Chinese Red Army military leader established an alliance by drinking chicken blood?

• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 231 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship (Most Outstanding Player Azzi Fudd pictured) and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.
• In horse racing, Nick Rockett, ridden by Patrick Mullins, wins the Grand National.

April 16

• 1520 – A revolt of citizens in Toledo, Castile, opposed to the rule of the foreign-born Charles I began when the royal government attempted to unseat radical city councilors.
• 1862 – Slavery in Washington, D.C., ended when the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act became law.
• 1945 – Second World War: British and Canadian forces concluded the Liberation of Arnhem in the Netherlands from German occupation.
• 1948 – The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation, headquartered in Paris, was founded.
• 2014 – The ferry MV Sewol (pictured) capsized and sank off Donggeochado, South Korea, killing 306 people, mainly students from Danwon High School.

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Lady Blue is an American detective and action-adventure television series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). Produced by David Gerber, the show's pilot aired as a television film on April 15, 1985 before being picked up for a full series between September 15, 1985, to January 25, 1986. The show revolves around Chicago detective Katy Mahoney (Jamie Rose) and her violent methods of handling cases. The supporting cast includes Danny Aiello, Ron Dean, Diane Dorsey, Bruce A. Young, Nan Woods, and Ricardo Gutierrez. Lady Blue was criticized by several watchdog organizations as the most violent show on television with critics calling Mahoney "Dirty Harriet" (after Clint Eastwood's character Dirty Harry). ABC cancelled it in early 1986, partially due to the complaints about excessive violence. Critical reception to the series was primarily negative during its run and the series has not been released on DVD, Blu-ray, or an online streaming service. (Full article...)

• ... that a lightning strike on the St. George Utah Temple (pictured) was interpreted by Latter-day Saint officials as a beyond-the-grave request from a former church leader to change the design?
• ... that Amman was renamed Philadelphia around 255 BC by a Greek ruler who was nicknamed Philadelphus for marrying his sister?
• ... that museum director Nawala Al-Mutawalli guarded the Iraq Museum with an AK-47 prior to the Battle of Baghdad?
• ... that Fred Verity and colleagues invented an automatic pivot or bearing for looking glasses?
• ... that Lady Gaga considered changing Mayhem into a grunge record after completing "Perfect Celebrity"?
• ... that models walked the outline of an inverted pentagram for the occult-inspired runway show of Alexander McQueen's In Memory of Elizabeth Howe, Salem, 1692 (Fall/Winter 2007)?
• ... that 2024 Olympic bronze medalist Sophiane Méthot began gymnastics after watching Stick It?
• ... that African ginger is used by the Zulu people to protect against lightning and snake bites?
• ... that before it was good to be the GOAT, it was actually bad to be a goat?

• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 226 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship (Most Outstanding Player Azzi Fudd pictured) and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.
• In horse racing, Nick Rockett, ridden by Patrick Mullins, wins the Grand National.

April 15: Day of the Sun in North Korea; Jackie Robinson Day and Tax Day in the United States

• 1632 – Thirty Years' War: A Swedish–German army defeated the forces of the Catholic League at the Battle of Rain, mortally wounding their commander Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly.
• 1923 – Ten Japanese-American children were killed in a racially motivated arson attack on a school in Sacramento, California.
• 1936 – Two Jews were killed near Tulkarm in Mandatory Palestine, an act widely viewed as the beginning of violence within the Arab revolt.
• 1989 – The Hillsborough disaster (memorial pictured), a human crush that caused 97 deaths in the worst disaster in British sporting history, occurred during an FA Cup match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest in Sheffield.
• 2019 – A fire severely damaged Notre-Dame de Paris, destroying the cathedral's timber spire and much of the roof.

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Muhammad IV (14 April 1315 – 25 August 1333) was the ruler of the Emirate of Granada (map pictured) on the Iberian Peninsula from 1325 to 1333. He was the sixth sultan of the Nasrid dynasty, succeeding to the throne at the age of 10 when his father, Ismail I, was assassinated. The initial years of his reign were marked by civil war between his ministers, drawing in Castile, Granada's neighbour to the north. The civil war ended in 1328 when Muhammad took a more active role in government. Castile and the kingdom of Aragon invaded Granada in 1330. In 1332, Muhammad sailed to the Marinid court at Fez to request help, and the new Marinid sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali sent 5,000 troops, who besieged the Castilians at Gibraltar. The town surrendered in June 1333 but was in turn besieged. After confused fighting a truce was agreed on 24 August 1333 that restored the 1331 treaty. One day later, Muhammad was assassinated, aged 18. He was succeeded by his brother Yusuf I. (Full article...)

• ... that a haniwa horse (pictured) in Tokyo National Museum is of particular significance due to its horse trappings?
• ... that more than half of all children in the United States under the age of 16 played Roblox in July 2020?
• ... that the detention of Mahmoud Khalil raises constitutional questions similar to a 1945 court case?
• ... that Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. nevadensis has remained genetically distinct from other columbines despite frequent hybridization within the genus?
• ... that a dam failure at a Chinese-owned copper mine released 50 million litres of highly toxic waste into the Kafue River in Zambia, devastating ecosystems at least 100 kilometres (62 mi) downstream?
• ... that novvot, a popular traditional candy in the Middle East and Central Asia, is often served with tea and has roots in Persian cuisine?
• ... that Canadian football player Paul Shorten played college football after his pro career?
• ... that Betsy Arakawa's house was once featured in Architectural Digest?
• ... that Twitch streamer Morgpie went viral for using her buttocks as a green screen?

• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 226 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship (Most Outstanding Player Azzi Fudd pictured) and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.
• In horse racing, Nick Rockett, ridden by Patrick Mullins, wins the Grand National.
• South Korea's Constitutional Court removes Yoon Suk Yeol as the president of South Korea, following his earlier declaration of martial law.

April 14: Tamil New Year and other New Year festivals in South and Southeast Asia (2024); N'Ko Alphabet Day in West Africa

• 1471 – Wars of the Roses: The Yorkists under Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians at the Battle of Barnet, killing Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
• 1945 – World War II: The German town of Friesoythe was razed by the 4th Canadian Division on the orders of Major General Christopher Vokes.
• 1999 – A storm dropped around 500,000 tonnes of hailstones on Sydney (examples pictured) and the east coast of New South Wales, causing about A$2.3 billion in damages, the costliest natural disaster in Australian insurance history.
• 2010 – Plumes of ash from a major eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland led to widespread disruption of air travel throughout Europe for several days.
• 2014 – Boko Haram militants kidnapped 276 schoolgirls from a government secondary school in the town of Chibok, Nigeria.

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The Boat Race 2020 was a side-by-side rowing race scheduled to take place on 29 March 2020. Held annually, the Boat Race is contested between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge along a 4.2-mile (6.8 km) tidal stretch of the River Thames (course pictured) in south-west London. This would have been the 75th women's race and the 166th men's race. Cambridge led the longstanding rivalry 84–80 and 44–30 in the men's and women's races, respectively. The races were cancelled on 16 March 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Other than as a result of war, it was the first time that the men's race had been cancelled since the first edition in 1845. It was also the first cancellation of the women's race since its 1964 revival. The 2020 event would have been the first time that both senior races would be umpired by women. The members of each crew were announced on the date that the race would have been contested. (Full article...)

• ... that Mirella Freni (pictured) and Luciano Pavarotti, who co-starred as the lovers Mimì and Rodolfo in La bohème at La Scala in 1968, shared the same wet nurse?
• ... that Bill Chisholm's announced $6.1 billion purchase of the Boston Celtics is the largest amount ever paid for a North American sports team?
• ... that a former management consultant who coined the framework of "The Three Worlds of Evangelicalism" was described by The New York Times as "a kind of Malcolm Gladwell of conservative Christianity"?
• ... that the 2001 Zug massacre resulted in changes to security measures for public buildings, but not to Swiss gun laws?
• ... that Juan Soto, before his blockbuster trade, rejected a 15-year, $440 million contract extension, which would have been the largest deal in Major League Baseball history at the time?
• ... that about 25 percent of people experience heartburn at least once a month?
• ... that Miroslav Kvočka was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity against non-Serb detainees in the Omarska concentration camp during the Bosnian War?
• ... that the Edmonds' Clock Tower was split in two after the June 2011 Christchurch earthquakes?
• ... that the Overwatch character Juno was praised for her ability to reward players for having sound game sense?

• A nightclub roof collapse in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, kills 226 people.
• In basketball, the UConn Huskies win the NCAA Division I women's championship (Most Outstanding Player Azzi Fudd pictured) and the Florida Gators win the men's championship.
• In the National Hockey League, Alexander Ovechkin breaks Wayne Gretzky's record for most goals scored.
• In horse racing, Nick Rockett, ridden by Patrick Mullins, wins the Grand National.
• South Korea's Constitutional Court removes Yoon Suk Yeol as the president of South Korea, following his earlier declaration of martial law.

April 13

• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian forces conducted a surprise attack against a Continental Army outpost at Bound Brook, New Jersey.
• 1829 – The Roman Catholic Relief Act received royal assent, removing the most substantial restrictions on Catholics in the United Kingdom.
• 1958 – In the midst of the Cold War, American pianist Van Cliburn (pictured) won the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.
• 2009 – Twenty-three people died in a fire at a homeless hostel in Kamień Pomorski; it was Poland's deadliest fire since 1980.
• 2017 – War in Afghanistan: In an airstrike in Nangarhar Province, the U.S. military dropped the most powerful conventional bomb used in combat.