Eritha (fl. c. 1180 BCE) was a Mycenaean priestess, based at the cult site of Sphagianes in the southwest Peloponnese. Sphagianes is believed to have been near the palatial centre of the Mycenaean state of Pylos, possibly at modern Volimidia. Eritha held authority over several other people, including at least fourteen women probably assigned to her as servants by the palatial state. Around 1180 BCE, she was involved in a legal dispute over the status of her lands against the damos, an organisation representing the other landholders of Sphagianes. While the exact nature of the dispute is unclear, Eritha seems to have claimed that part of her land was held on behalf of her deity, and therefore subject to reduced taxes or obligations. The record of the matter constitutes the longest preserved sentence of Mycenaean Greek and the oldest evidence of a legal dispute from Europe. The outcome of the dispute is unknown. (Full article...)

• ... that despite a reputation as a weed and its invasive species status in New Zealand, Drosera capensis (pictured) is uncommon in its native habitat?
• ... that ChatGPT developer John Schulman said that his first period of serious self-directed study was inspired by the television show BattleBots?
• ... that the Meléndez–Quiñónez dynasty held elections in El Salvador that "the entire country" knew were fraudulent?
• ... that George Zurcher was suspended as a Catholic priest for six years because he gave a critical homily on All Saints' Day 1899?
• ... that the fossil osoberry Oemleria janhartfordae was described from a single flower just starting towards fruiting?
• ... that Arthur J. Ruhlig was the first person to record observations of deuterium–tritium fusion?
• ... that there was once a proposal to demolish the Paul Schweikher House and Studio to make way for a sewage plant?
• ... that the design of Death in the Marvel Cinematic Universe was inspired by Christian imagery?
• ... that Marmaduke Tudsbery Tudsbery formed part of "The Sofa" at the Athenaeum Club?

• American astronaut Jim Lovell (pictured), the commander of Apollo 13, dies at the age of 97.
• A helicopter crash in Ashanti Region, Ghana, kills eight people on board including two ministers, Edward Omane Boamah and Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed.
• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.

August 12

• 1881 – Franco-American children as young as seven years old began striking against Cabot Mill in Brunswick, Maine, shutting down operations for three days.
• 1952 – Thirteen Jewish poets were executed in Moscow for espionage based on false confessions.
• 1985 – Japan Air Lines Flight 123 (aircraft involved pictured) crashed into Mount Takamagahara in Gunma Prefecture, killing 520 of 524 people on board, including singer Kyu Sakamoto, in the world's worst single-aircraft aviation disaster.
• 2000 – Kursk, an Oscar-class submarine of the Russian Navy, suffered an on-board explosion and sank in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing 118 people.
• 2016 – The state-owned Taedonggang Brewing Company inaugurated the first beer festival in North Korea.

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The Berners Street hoax was perpetrated by the writer Theodore Hook in London in 1810. He made a bet that he could transform any property into the most talked-about address in London. He spent six weeks sending between 1000 and 4000 letters to tradespeople and businesses ordering deliveries of their goods and services to 54 Berners Street, London, at various times on the same day. Several well-known people were also invited to call on the address, including the chairmen of the Bank of England and the East India Company, the Duke of Gloucester, and the Lord Mayor of London. Chimney sweeps began arriving at the address at 5:00 am on the day, followed by hundreds of traders and businessmen; goods deliveries included organs, furniture, coal and a coffin. The police were not able to clear the street until after the final influx of visitors at 5:00 pm. Hook was unidentified at the time, but admitted his involvement in a semi-autobiographical novel published twenty-five years later. (Full article...)

• ... that after an earthquake wiped out Shaizar's ruling family, crusaders tried to seize the city (pictured) but quarreled and left?
• ... that Anacaona was the subject of a popular salsa song centuries after her death?
• ... that the song "Michelle Pfeiffer" has been described as possessing "a cresting emotionality grand enough to fill the tallest IMAX screen"?
• ... that the printed edition of the Woodstock Letters runs almost 50,000 pages, covering nearly 13 feet (4 metres) of shelving?
• ... that some exoplanets are evaporating catastrophically?
• ... that 11 of the 27 Italian generals who died during the First World War perished during the last six months?
• ... that American football kicker Brian Hall used a prosthetic leg?
• ... that Jacqueline Wilson worked with Disability Rights UK when writing The Best Sleepover in the World?
• ... that Laila Friis-Salling took up skiing due to a bet?

• American astronaut Jim Lovell (pictured) dies at the age of 97.
• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.

August 11

• 106 – The region of Dacia, comprising parts of modern Romania, became a province of the Roman Empire.
• 1952 – King Talal of Jordan was forced to abdicate due to mental illness and was succeeded by his eldest son Hussein.
• 1975 – The Timorese Democratic Union launches a coup in Portuguese Timor, starting the East Timorese civil war.
• 1977 – The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration initiated an investigation into the alleged vulnerability of the Ford Pinto (example pictured) to fuel leakage and fire in a rear-end collision.
• 1999 – The Salt Lake City Tornado hit downtown Salt Lake City, damaging 120 homes and injuring over 100 people.

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Hurra-yi Khuttali (fl. c. 1006 – c. 1040) was a princess from the Ghaznavid dynasty and the daughter of Sabuktigin, ruler of Ghazna (now in Afghanistan); her date and place of birth are unknown. Her intelligence and tactfulness gave her an influential role in governmental matters. She was married to two Maʽmunid rulers of the Khwarazm region, Abu al-Hasan Ali and, after his death, his brother Maʽmun II. It is not known if she had children with either of her husbands. Her marriages were a direct cause of the annexation of Khwarazm by her brother, Mahmud of Ghazni. In 1030, upon Mahmud's death, she wrote a letter to her favourite nephew, Masʽud, urging him to claim the throne from his brother, Muhammad. After receiving her missive, Masʽud quickly marched to Ghazna and usurped the throne. Hurra's letter is considered the most prominent political act of a woman during the Ghaznavid era. She is last mentioned in 1040, leaving Ghazna for India; her ultimate fate is unknown. (Full article...)

• ... that there are eleven ways (pictured) to unfold a cube?
• ... that Jeong Haneul went from being a North Korean soldier to a South Korean YouTuber?
• ... that the mosaic effect is the act of combining seemingly unrelated data to reveal sensitive or classified information that individual pieces of data would not disclose?
• ... that Simón Radowitzky was forced to pay a fare for his own deportation?
• ... that Palaeocarpinus fruit fossils have been recovered from Cold Ash and Hells Half Acre?
• ... that painter Low Kway Song founded the first Straits Chinese Methodist church in Malacca?
• ... that Dennis Rodman's Big Bang in Pyongyang features Dennis Rodman singing "Happy Birthday" to Kim Jong Un?
• ... that a worker attempted to kill labor activist Luisa Moreno with an ice pick at a union meeting?
• ... that Karma held the flag of Bhutan at the Olympics multiple times?

• American astronaut Jim Lovell (pictured) dies at the age of 97.
• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.

August 10

• 955 – Hungarian invasions of Europe: Forces under Otto the Great were victorious at the Battle of Lechfeld near present-day Augsburg, Germany, holding off the incursions of the Magyars into Central Europe.
• 1897 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann discovered an improved method of synthesizing aspirin (package pictured).
• 1966 – The Heron Road Bridge in Ottawa, Canada, collapsed during its construction, killing nine workers.
• 2007 – Amid large protests against the impending demolition of the Queen's Pier, the High Court of Hong Kong dismissed legal attempts to preserve the landmark.
• 2019 – Jeffrey Epstein, an American financier and convicted sex offender, was found dead in his cell at the Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York.

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The 1883 FA Cup final was played between Blackburn Olympic F.C. and Old Etonians F.C. on 31 March 1883 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the 12th final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football competition. Old Etonians had defeated Blackburn Rovers, in the 1882 final. Blackburn Olympic had not previously progressed beyond the first round of the competition. Old Etonians took the lead in the first half with a goal from Harry Goodhart, but Alfred Matthews scored an equaliser for Blackburn and, with the scores level, the game went into extra time. Blackburn's James Costley scored and Blackburn won the match 2–1. It was the first time that a working-class team had won the Cup; it had previously been won exclusively by wealthy amateurs. The victory intensified a debate over professionalism in football; following threats to break away by teams which wished to pay players to break away, professionalism in football was legalised in 1885 and the dominance of amateurs quickly ended. (Full article...)

• ... that after losing a Shanghai mansion (pictured) to the Empire of Japan in World War II, British hotelier Victor Sassoon abandoned repossession plans following a communist takeover?
• ... that Randy D had his first chance to join radio while working as a parking attendant at Lincoln Center?
• ... that the goal of "peace" may mean different things to Israelis and Palestinians?
• ... that actress Montana Manning initially had a speaking role in the 2005 film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, but it was cut?
• ... that a Virginia TV station broadcast an all-Black variety show on its first day in 1950?
• ... that Phyllis Lightbourn-Jones and Phyllis Edness both competed in the 1948 Olympics and were respectively the first woman and first black woman to compete for Bermuda?
• ... that the novel Vera, or Faith was described by a reviewer as "probably the most endearing book about anxiety ever written"?
• ... that the jury of matrons who assessed whether Ann Davis was pregnant after she was sentenced to death were the first civilian jurors for a criminal trial in New South Wales?
• ... that in Burundi there is a belief that healers can perform temporary abortions?

• American astronaut Jim Lovell (pictured) dies at the age of 97.
• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.

August 9: International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples; National Women's Day in South Africa (1956)

• 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops counter-attacked and won the Battle of Cedar Mountain, after nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle.
• 1902 – In a ceremony at Westminster Abbey, Edward VII and Alexandra were crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India.
• 1965 – The state of Singapore (flag pictured) was expelled from the Malaysian federation due to a heated ideological conflict between their ruling parties; the day is now celebrated as Singapore's National Day.
• 2001 – Second Intifada: A suicide bomber attacked a pizza restaurant in Jerusalem, killing 15 people and wounding 130 others.
• 2006 – British police arrested 24 people for conspiring to detonate liquid explosives carried on board airliners travelling from the UK to the US and Canada.

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The Diamond Smugglers is a non-fiction book by Ian Fleming published in November 1957. The book is based on two weeks of interviews Fleming undertook with John Collard, a member of the International Diamond Security Organisation (IDSO) and a former member of MI5; the IDSO was headed by Sir Percy Sillitoe (pictured), the ex-head of MI5 who worked for the diamond company De Beers. The IDSO was formed by Sillitoe to combat the smuggling of diamonds from Africa; it was estimated that £10 million worth of gems were being smuggled every year out of South Africa alone. The book expands upon a series of articles that Fleming wrote for The Sunday Times in 1957. The Diamond Smugglers is one of two non-fiction books written by Fleming. It received mixed reviews, although critics thought the subject was interesting and that the facts were as interesting as works of fiction. There was interest in turning the book into a film, but the plans did not come to fruition. (Full article...)

• ... that Meg White (pictured), a key figure in the 2000s garage-rock revival, has not made any public appearances since 2009?
• ... that Italian football clubs could have a third reserve team in the early 20th century?
• ... that Lourdes Klitzkie took up running in her late thirties to combat boredom, then qualified for the Olympics?
• ... that Herb Alpert's 2024 album 50 commemorates both his 50th studio album and his golden wedding anniversary?
• ... that Margarethe Hardegger established an illegal abortion clinic in her own home?
• ... that in July 2025 Elon Musk opened a flying saucer–shaped diner on Route 66 in Hollywood?
• ... that Queen Melisende wanted to get rid of her husband's friend Elias, so she made him an offer that he could not refuse?
• ... that the joint-most successful team in the Indian Premier League finished last in 2025?
• ... that Bishop Anselm, Abbot Geoffrey, and Viscount Rohard were sent in 1142 to delicately inform the Byzantine emperor that he was welcome in Jerusalem—just not with an army?

• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (pictured) wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
• In association football, the UEFA Women's Euro concludes with England defeating Spain in the final.

August 8

• 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Amid a succession dispute, the forces of Duke Zhuang of Lu, who was attempting to install a claimant to the Qi throne, were defeated at the Battle of Qianshi.
• 1695 – The foundation for what is now known as the Wren Building, the oldest surviving college building in the United States, was laid in a ceremony at Middle Plantation, Virginia.
• 1918 – The Battle of Amiens began in northern France, marking the start of the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive through the German front lines that ultimately led to the end of World War I.
• 1991 – The Warsaw radio mast (pictured), then the tallest structure ever built, at 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft), collapsed due to an error in exchanging the guys on the highest telecommunications equipment of the mast.
• 2010 – A massive mudslide in the Chinese province of Gansu killed at least 1,471 people.

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Roy Marshall (1930–1992) was a Barbadian cricketer who played in four Test matches for the West Indies and had an extensive domestic career with Hampshire in English county cricket. He was born in Saint Thomas, Barbados. Marshall made his debut in first-class cricket at the age of 15 for Barbados in January 1946, and established himself in the side as an attacking opening batter. He was selected in the West Indian team and played Test cricket between 1951 and 1952, making two appearances apiece against Australia and New Zealand. With players surpassing him for Test selection, he decided to end his brief international career and pursue a career in English county cricket. He joined Hampshire in 1953 and established himself as an opening batsman. Marshall became a consistent and attacking batsman; in 1959, he was chosen as one of five Wisden Cricketers of the Year. He won his first County Championship in 1961, and was appointed Hampshire's first professional captain between 1966 and 1970. (Full article...)

• ... that Olympic champion Franco Testa (pictured) quit cycling to become a butcher?
• ... that a writer from The Spinoff called the children's book Cliffhanger a "win for the nerds"?
• ... that South African politician Jabu Mbalula is the older brother of Fikile Mbalula, the secretary-general of the African National Congress?
• ... that an English translation of At 25:00, in Akasaka was released as a launch title of a boys' love manga reading service?
• ... that a nomad known as "Mule" sued to protect the "sacred relationship between man and horse to travel together with reverence and respect for this beautiful place in which we all reside called Earth"?
• ... that a killing resulted in five company-sized units of police, soldiers and marines being sent to secure the 2024 Sampang regency election?
• ... that Charles Winckler, a Danish national shot put and discus champion, won his only Olympic medal in a tug-of-war tournament?
• ... that goo from a ship might contain a previously undescribed life form?
• ... that wildlife rehabilitator Mikayla Raines housed two "lesbian goth foxes" at her SaveAFox Rescue in Minnesota?

• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (pictured) wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• In association football, the Copa América Femenina concludes with Brazil defeating Colombia in the final.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
• In association football, the UEFA Women's Euro concludes with England defeating Spain in the final.

August 7: Assyrian Martyrs Day (1933)

• 1461 – Ming Chinese general Cao Qin staged a failed coup against the Tianshun Emperor.
• 1942 – World War II: U.S. Marines initiated the first American offensive of the Guadalcanal campaign, with landings on Tulagi (pictured), Gavutu–Tanambogo and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
• 1946 – The Soviet Union informed Turkey that the way in which the latter was handling the Turkish straits no longer represented the security interests of its fellow Black Sea nations, escalating the Turkish Straits crisis.
• 1970 – Jonathan Jackson kidnapped Harold Haley, a judge in Marin County, California, to coerce the release of the Soledad Brothers, including Jackson's brother George.
• 1985 – Five members of the Bamber family were found murdered at a farmhouse in Tolleshunt D'Arcy, England.

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Constans II (died 411) was the son of the Western Roman emperor Constantine III. When his father rebelled against the ruling emperor Honorius and the army in Britain acclaimed him as emperor in early 407, Constans was a monk. He was summoned to Gaul, appointed to the position of caesar (heir) and swiftly married so that a dynasty could be founded. Honorius acknowledged Constantine as co-emperor in early 409 and Constantine immediately raised Constans to the position of emperor, theoretically equal in rank to Honorius as well as to Constantine. Later in 409 Constans was sent to Hispania (Spain) to quash a revolt, but suffered a defeat and withdrew to Arelate (modern Arles). In 410, Constans was again sent to Hispania with an army. The rebels had strengthened their forces with barbarians and won a battle against Constans; he withdrew north and was defeated again and killed at Vienne early in 411. The rebels then besieged Constantine in Arelate and killed him. (Full article...)

• ... that Frederick L. Scarf (pictured) developed the plasma-wave detector for the Voyager program, which recorded the "sounds of space", described as "an eerie symphony of hisses, pops, and whistles"?
• ... that "On Eagle's Wings" was quoted in Joe Biden's presidential victory speech, and featured in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia?
• ... that Randy Winkler was the "Jolly Green Giant", while Gérard Lefranc was just the "Green Giant"?
• ... that after a building in Poland was wrecked by one explosion then demolished by a second, a cat was found alive among the rubble?
• ... that readers looked forward to a second novel by Walter J. Muilenburg that never happened?
• ... that the song "Bésame" blends afrobeat and flamenco?
• ... that sources do not identify with certainty when or why university students began throwing shoes onto the Shoe Tree in Minneapolis?
• ... that Serge de Beaurecueil, having spent a "wretched childhood" dreaming of journeying to a faraway land, became the only Catholic priest in Afghanistan?
• ... that a reviewer for Rolling Stone said that a 2024 concert tour by Weezer resembled a cross between an Iron Maiden concert and the Disneyland attraction Star Tours?

• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (pictured) wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
• In association football, the UEFA Women's Euro concludes with England defeating Spain in the final.
• In cycling, Tadej Pogačar wins the Tour de France.

August 6

• 1777 – The Battle of Oriskany, one of the bloodiest battles of the American Revolutionary War, was fought about 6 mi (10 km) east of Fort Stanwix, New York.
• 1945 – World War II: The U.S. Army Air Force bomber Enola Gay dropped the Little Boy atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (mushroom cloud pictured), killing about 70,000 people instantly.
• 1965 – U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law, outlawing literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disfranchisement of African Americans.
• 1991 – British computer programmer Tim Berners-Lee posted a public invitation to collaborate on a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessible via the Internet, known as the World Wide Web.
• 2008 – Mauritanian president Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi was ousted from power by a group of high-ranking generals that he had dismissed from office several hours earlier.

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The collapse of the Belvidere Apollo Theatre took place on the evening of March 31, 2023, when a tornado struck Belvidere, Illinois, in the United States. The show, headlined by the death metal band Morbid Angel, began despite advance knowledge of imminent severe weather. Winds of 90 to 100 miles per hour (140 to 160 km/h) caused the failure of the lower roof structure and large amounts of debris fell into the sold-out venue burying many people. Concertgoers removed debris prior to the arrival of the Belvidere Fire Department. One concertgoer was pronounced dead at the scene and 27 were taken to the hospital, of 48 who suffered non-fatal injuries. The street-facing facade and the upper roof structure were found on the street after the tornado. Following the collapse, the lack of safety protocols despite warning became the subject of multiple lawsuits. The Apollo Theatre was condemned the next day, but reopened that September. (Full article...)

• ... that when the Westhope house (pictured) was being built, neighbors were confused as to its design, so its owners said it was supposed to be a pickle factory?
• ... that actress Arielle Prepetit was cast in the first African American daytime soap opera in 34 years, Beyond the Gates?
• ... that a public debate in the 2024 Bojonegoro regency election was cancelled because one of the candidates entered the stage?
• ... that Swiss national Charles Champaud represented Bulgaria at the 1896 Summer Olympics?
• ... that a TV station went from being potentially named after a deceased investor to being named after "the crossroads of Middle Georgia"?
• ... that actress Eva O'Hara pushed for her Hollyoaks character to be given "something more meaty" rather than have a happy ending?
• ... that Plotkin's Vaccines was written by the inventor of the rubella vaccine because he felt that vaccinology had become a distinct field of medicine?
• ... that Arthur Newnham was born in India, played first-class cricket in England, and served as a military attaché in Moscow?
• ... that an impostor traded to the Green Bay Packers disappeared after playing one game for the team?

• In cycling, Pauline Ferrand-Prévot (pictured) wins the Tour de France Femmes.
• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
• In association football, the UEFA Women's Euro concludes with England defeating Spain in the final.
• In cycling, Tadej Pogačar wins the Tour de France.

August 5: Victory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day in Croatia (1995)

• 1506 – Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania achieved one of the greatest Lithuanian victories against the Tatars at the Battle of Kletsk.
• 1600 – Scottish nobleman John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, was killed during what was most likely a failed attempt to kidnap King James VI.
• 1772 – Russia, Prussia and Habsburg Austria began the First Partition of Poland, with the primary motive to restore the regional balance of power in Eastern Europe.
• 1973 – Due to an athletics scandal, the National Collegiate Athletic Association applied the death penalty to the basketball program at the University of Southwestern Louisiana.
• 2015 – United States Environmental Protection Agency personnel accidentally caused a spillage (aftermath pictured) of 3 million gallons (11 million litres) of mine waste water and tailings trapped inside the Gold King Mine near Silverton, Colorado.

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2020 Missouri Amendment 2, also called the Medicaid Expansion Initiative, was a ballot measure to amend the Constitution of Missouri to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. The initiative was on the August 4, 2020, primary ballot and passed with 53.27% of the vote. Following Medicaid expansion initiatives in other states, Republican lawmakers in Nebraska and Utah added work requirements to their states' expansions; supporters aimed to prevent this by proposing state constitutional amendments for future Medicaid expansion initiatives. The measure was supported most in urban areas and opposed in rural areas. After a delay due to a lack of funding from the Missouri General Assembly and resulting litigation, the initiative was slowly implemented in October 2021. Republican lawmakers attempted to roll back the program and add a work requirement through a state constitutional amendment, which failed after the United States Supreme Court prevented its implementation. (Full article...)

• ... that pastor, poet, teacher, and musician Wycliffe Smith (pictured) has served as lieutenant governor of Saba and prime minister of Sint Maarten?
• ... that during Operation Security and Order, Mbah Suro's followers fought against Indonesian Army special forces with clubs and headbands?
• ... that NFL player Henry Monroe retired after one season to enter medical school?
• ... that workers of Jakarta's Public Facility Maintenance Agency are known as "orange troops"?
• ... that Luis Aranaz was named an "adopted son" of Sabadell after captaining the city's football club to two Spanish second-division titles in the 1940s?
• ... that the SWAT unit in Regina recruited their first female officer from the Regina Police Service in May 1991?
• ... that Namibian activist Werner Mamugwe was banned from entering Bechuanaland Protectorate due to his political activities?
• ... that North Korea thanked the United States for helping its sailors defeat a group of pirates?
• ... that "the Psycho" controlled the drug trade in Finglas, Cabra and Ballymun from the early 1990s until his death in 1996?

• An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, triggering tsunami warnings across the Pacific Ocean.
• In association football, the UEFA Women's Euro concludes with England defeating Spain in the final (player of the match Hannah Hampton pictured).
• In cycling, Tadej Pogačar wins the Tour de France.
• American professional wrestler Hulk Hogan dies at the age of 71.

August 4

• 1265 – Second Barons' War: Royal troops led by Prince Edward defeated baronial forces under Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in Worcestershire, England.
• 1862 – In Brooklyn, a mob composed largely of Irish Americans attacked a group of African Americans in a riot.
• 1991 – An explosion on the Greek cruise ship MTS Oceanos ruptured its hull, causing it to sink off the east coast of South Africa, with all 571 people on board rescued.
• 2006 – Sri Lankan civil war: Seventeen employees of the French nongovernmental organization ACF International were massacred in Mutur.
• 2020 – A large explosion of ammonium nitrate stored at the Port of Beirut in Lebanon killed 218 people and caused US$15 billion in damage.

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Red is the fourth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift (pictured). It was released in October 2012 by Big Machine Records. Swift designated Red as a breakup album and her last to be promoted as country music. The album incorporates styles of pop, rock, folk and country, and is composed of acoustic instruments, electronic synths and drum machines. Initial reviews mostly praised Swift's songwriting for its emotional exploration and engagement, but critics deemed the production inconsistent and questioned her identity as a country artist. Swift supported Red with the Red Tour (2013–2014). Red topped the charts and received multi-platinum certifications in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. In the United States it spent seven weeks atop the Billboard 200. Red was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2013 Country Music Association Awards, and Album of the Year and Best Country Album at the 2014 Grammy Awards. (Full article...)

• ... that Trichogenes claviger (examples pictured) can climb nets using outgrowths from its head?
• ... that Philippe Housiaux took a law examination instead of competing in the 1972 Summer Olympics?
• ... that helical strakes can be used to reduce structural fatigue on structures such as chimneys and pipelines?
• ... that "Whistle" was composed because of a miscommunication between a film director and the songwriters?
• ... that Fletcher Ransom wrote and illustrated a book of satirical cartoons about Theodore Roosevelt titled My Policies in Jungleland?
• ... that art students designed the stained-glass windows of the Chapel at George Fox University?
• ... that Don Summers signed with an NFL team despite having gone more than 400 days without catching a football?
• ... that AHOF, a K-pop group formed on a reality show, includes two members who were not on the winning team?
• ... that Worrall Reed Carter wrote about beans, bullets and black oil?

• Former president of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari (pictured) dies at the age of 82.
• Clashes between Druze militias and the Syrian Armed Forces result in hundreds of deaths.
• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 140 people dead.

July 21: Belgian National Day (1831), Marine Day in Japan (2025)

• 905 – Louis III, Holy Roman Emperor, was captured and blinded during his attempt to restore Carolingian power over Italy by King Berengar I.
• 1877 – Much of central Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was burned and looted during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
• 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike (pictured) was sworn in as prime minister of Ceylon, becoming the world's first democratically elected female head of government.
• 1990 – The Taiwanese military ordered the deportation of dozens of illegal immigrants from mainland China in sealed boat holds, causing 25 deaths due to suffocation.
• 2007 – Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the final book in the popular Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling, was released and sold 15 million copies in its first 24 hours, making it the fastest-selling book in history.

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Sir William Gordon-Cumming (20 July 1848 – 20 May 1930) was a Scottish landowner, soldier and socialite. He was the central figure in the royal baccarat scandal of 1891. He joined the British Army in 1868 and saw service in South Africa, Egypt and the Sudan; he served with distinction and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. An adventurer, he also hunted in the US and India. A friend of Edward, Prince of Wales, for over 20 years, in 1890 he attended a house party at Tranby Croft, where he took part in a game of baccarat at the behest of the prince. During the course of two nights' play he was accused of cheating, which he denied. After news of the affair leaked out, he sued five members of the party for slander; Edward was called as a witness. The case was a public spectacle in the UK and abroad, but the verdict went against Gordon-Cumming and he was ostracised from polite society. After the court case he married an American heiress, but their relationship was unhappy. (Full article...)

• ... that François-Edmond Fortier published more than 3,300 postcards of French West Africa (example pictured) between 1901 and 1920?
• ... that a language riot broke out between members of Our Lady of the Rosary in 1917?
• ... that Oleksandr Rodin's opera Kateryna was staged despite barricades, bombings, and an air-raid alarm?
• ... that Paul Among the People treats the Pauline epistles as sources comparable to Homer, Aristophanes and Virgil on Greco-Roman attitudes?
• ... that Gyula Kakas competed at two Olympics in gymnastics, set the Hungarian pole-vault record, and played for a national-champion football club?
• ... that a lyric in Beautiful Chaos was praised for "spreading queer joy"?
• ... that defending champions Bermuda did not compete in the women's football tournament at the 2015 Island Games?
• ... that Vatican Taekwondo has no registered athletes or coaches?
• ... that Iceland's entry for Eurovision in 2025 brought out a line of Ash Wednesday costumes?

• Former president of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari (pictured) dies at the age of 82.
• Clashes between Druze militias and the Syrian Armed Forces result in hundreds of deaths.
• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 140 people dead.

July 20

• 1807 – French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce received a patent for their Pyréolophore, one of the world's first internal combustion engines.
• 1951 – Abdullah I of Jordan was assassinated while visiting the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
• 1976 – The Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars and perform its mission.
• 1997 – USS Constitution, one of the United States Navy's original six frigates, sailed for the first time in 116 years after a full restoration.
• 2015 – A suicide attack (aftermath pictured) in Suruç, Turkey, for which Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility, killed 34 people and injured 104 others.

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Great Wilbraham is a Neolithic causewayed enclosure, an archaeological site near the village of Great Wilbraham in Cambridgeshire, England. The enclosure is about 170 metres (560 ft) across, and covers about 2 hectares (4.9 acres). Causewayed enclosures were built in England from before 3700 BC until c. 3500 BC; they are characterized by the enclosure of an area with ditches that are interrupted by gaps, or causeways. Their purpose is not known; they may have been settlements, meeting places, or ritual sites. The Great Wilbraham enclosure was first identified from aerial photographs in 1972. An excavation was begun in 1975 by David Clarke, with a planned five-year research programme, but he died in 1976 and his results remained unpublished. His archive of finds and records was reanalysed in the 2000s. The site was rich in finds, including Neolithic flint, pottery from periods from the Neolithic to the present day, and animal bone. The site has been protected as a scheduled monument since 1976. (Full article...)

• ... that the Ennis House (pictured) was variously characterized as "a mausoleum, fortress, Tibetan monument, Mayan temple, and palace"?
• ... that, in 12th-century Igodomigodo, King Ohuede proposed allowing women to inherit the throne in the absence of male heirs?
• ... that one Japanese bullet train service once skipped the cities of Nagoya and Kyoto?
• ... that, when five consecutive Ranger spacecraft failed, Harris Schurmeier was put in charge with a mandate to transform the program?
• ... that Here Will I Nest was the first dramatic Canadian feature film to be shot in colour, and the first film adaptation of a Canadian play?
• ... that Prescott Currier was one of the first Americans to visit the British code-breaking centre at Bletchley Park?
• ... that Elyn Saks's memoir about her life with schizophrenia won her a "Genius Grant"?
• ... that the subculture of Aristasia combined Guénonian Traditionalism with lesbian separatism?
• ... that fencer Bernardo de la Guardia was a competitor and a judge – at the same Olympic Games?

• Former president of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari (pictured) dies at the age of 82.
• Clashes between Druze militias and the Syrian Armed Forces result in hundreds of deaths.
• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 140 people dead.

July 19

• 1845 – A fire in Manhattan, New York, destroyed 345 buildings, killed 30 people, and caused at least $5 million in damage.
• 1903 – French cyclist Maurice Garin won the first edition of the Tour de France.
• 1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of the First World War, English ex-servicemen unhappy with unemployment and other grievances rioted and burned down Luton Town Hall.
• 1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army announced that it would resume its ceasefire, ending its 28-year campaign against British rule in Northern Ireland.
• 2013 – The NASA spacecraft Cassini took a photograph of Saturn with Earth in the distance (detail pictured), for which people were invited to "wave at Saturn".

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Lieutenant-General Henry de Hinuber (1767–1833) was a Hanoverian army officer who commanded units of the King's German Legion (KGL) during the Napoleonic Wars. Initially serving in the Hanoverian Army, in 1782 he fought in the Second Anglo-Mysore War in India. He was present at the siege of Cuddalore. The French Revolutionary Wars began a decade later and Hinuber served in the Flanders Campaign. When Hanover was invaded in 1803, Hinuber offered his services to the British Army and was given command of the 3rd Line Battalion of the KGL before commanding a brigade in the Bay of Naples in 1809. He was promoted to major-general in 1811 and given command of a brigade in Lord Wellington's Peninsular War army in 1813. Hinuber commanded his brigade at the Battle of Nivelle in 1813 and then at the siege of Bayonne the following year, when he led the response to the French counter-attack. He joined the army of the new Kingdom of Hanover in 1816. He received his last command in 1831, of the 2nd Division of a corps of the German Federal Army, and died in Frankfurt two years later. (Full article...)

• ... that Glódís Perla Viggósdóttir (pictured) scored two goals for the Iceland women's national football team the day before she graduated from university?
• ... that the literary heritage of Nova Scotia includes the first newspaper and the first literary journal in Canada?
• ... that according to the Zoo Miami communications director, 100 men could beat a single gorilla if they "envelop the gorilla and create a human straightjacket"?
• ... that the memorial for James Bunbury White, the founder of Whiteville, North Carolina, was knocked down in a car crash 200 years after his death?
• ... that before the establishment of the Singapore's Rail Test Centre, the bulk of rolling-stock testing had to be conducted overseas?
• ... that the artist Cady Noland has disavowed artworks that she no longer considered genuine because they were damaged or altered?
• ... that Christ Church, Amherstburg, a Canadian church built by a Loyalist, features timbers fashioned after a ship's hull?
• ... that Li Jinhua was the first female spokesperson of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs?
• ... that an announcer damaged the tower of an Arkansas radio station while driving a moving van?

• Former president of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari (pictured) dies at the age of 82.
• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 130 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.

July 18

• 1290 – King Edward I issued an edict to expel all Jews from England.
• 1723 – Johann Sebastian Bach directed the first performance of his cantata Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz in Leipzig.
• 1976 – At the Olympic Games in Montreal, Nadia Comăneci (pictured) became the first person to score a perfect 10 in a modern Olympics gymnastics event.
• 1989 – American actress Rebecca Schaeffer was shot and killed by Robert John Bardo, eventually prompting the passage of anti-stalking laws in California.
• 1995 – Selena's album Dreaming of You, instrumental in popularizing Tejano music, was released posthumously.

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Hurricane Claudette was the third tropical storm and first hurricane of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. A fairly long-lived July Atlantic hurricane, Claudette began as a tropical wave in the eastern Caribbean. It moved westward past the Yucatán Peninsula before moving northwestward through the Gulf of Mexico. Claudette remained a tropical storm until just before making landfall in Port O'Connor, Texas, on July 15, when it quickly strengthened to a strong Category 1 hurricane. Forecasting its path and intensity was uncertain, resulting in widespread and often unnecessary preparations. Claudette caused one death and moderate damage in Texas, mostly from strong winds, as well as extensive beach erosion. Because of the damage, President George W. Bush declared portions of South Texas as a Federal Disaster Area. Claudette also caused significant rainfall and minor damage in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, as well as minor damage on Saint Lucia. (This article is part of a featured topic: 2003 Atlantic hurricane season.)

• ... that the former Essex County Courthouse (pictured) was designed by an American and built by Canada's future prime minister?
• ... that Patriarch Arnulf's "niece" Emma probably really was just his niece?
• ... that some medical professionals run clinics dedicated to illegal abortions in Ivory Coast?
• ... that NFL player Adolph Bieberstein was later an attorney who argued before the United States Supreme Court?
• ... that four uninhabited islands triggered a dispute between the Indonesian provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra?
• ... that Sangay Tenzin started his international swimming career at the World Championships?
• ... that no major hurricane has hit Mexico earlier in the year than Hurricane Erick since records began?
• ... that the identity of "Barbara O'Brien", the author of Operators and Things, a 1958 autobiographical account of schizophrenia, has not been publicly revealed?
• ... that Saiyuud Diwong's cookbook Cooking with Poo won an Oddest Title of the Year award?

• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani (pictured) over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 130 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.

July 17: Constitution Day in South Korea (1948); World Emoji Day

• 1453 – The Battle of Castillon, the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War, ended with the English losing all holdings in France except the Pale of Calais.
• 1918 – RMS Carpathia, which had rescued survivors of the 1912 Titanic sinking, was sunk by a German U-boat with the loss of five crew.
• 1948 – In Olympia, Greece, the Summer Olympics torch relay, nicknamed the "relay of peace", began.
• 1992 – The Manchester Metrolink (pictured), the first modern street-running light-rail system in the United Kingdom, was officially opened.
• 1996 – TWA Flight 800 exploded in mid-air and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York.

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Trinity was the code name given to the nuclear test that saw the first detonation of a nuclear weapon. The code name was assigned by J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, after a poem by John Donne. It was conducted on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project on the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range in the Jornada del Muerto desert. The test used a Fat Man bomb of the same design as that detonated over Nagasaki. The complex design of the implosion-type nuclear weapon required a major effort from the Los Alamos Laboratory, and testing was required to allay fears that it would not work. Its detonation (video featured) produced the explosive power of about 20 kilotons of TNT (84 terajoules). The test site is now part of the White Sands Missile Range. It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1965, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places the following year. (This article is part of a featured topic: History of the Manhattan Project.)

• ... that despite the presence of 300 witnesses, an inquest concluded that the lynching of Preston Porter Jr. (pictured) was carried out "at the hands of parties unknown"?
• ... that a forest in northern Wisconsin was subject to nuclear-radiation testing in the 1970s?
• ... that a photograph of Lesotho sprinter Motsapi Moorosi was sent into space on the Voyager Golden Records?
• ... that no other studio in Freetown attracted more steamer passengers in 1920 than the establishment run by the Lisk-Carew brothers?
• ... that architect Arthur Loveless was a collector of Chinese snuff bottles?
• ... that Formula One races in Golden Lap are simply colored dots traveling along a thick line?
• ... that a recent international aid vessel bound for Gaza counted among its crew Greta Thunberg and a French member of parliament?
• ... that there was a 24-year gap between the first Romanian Olympian and the next?
• ... that Little Benjamin the Ruler is buried in the churchyard of St Anne's Church, Lewes, but nobody knows who he was?

• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani (pictured) over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 130 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.

July 16

• 1790 – President George Washington signed the Residence Act, selecting a new permanent site along the Potomac River for the capital of the United States, which later became Washington, D.C.
• 1950 – Korean War: A Korean People's Army unit massacred 31 prisoners of war of the U.S. Army on a mountain near the village of Tuman.
• 1965 – South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo (pictured)—an undetected communist spy—was reported dead due to injuries sustained during his capture, but it is generally assumed he was killed on the orders of military officials.
• 1990 – A 7.8 M_S earthquake struck the densely populated Philippine island of Luzon, killing an estimated 1,621 people.
• 2008 – A tainted milk powder scandal broke in China which ultimately involved an estimated 300,000 victims, the vast majority infants, with 54,000 hospitalized with kidney problems and six deaths.

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Manitoba is a province of Canada. Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the early 17th century, English and French fur traders arrived and established settlements in the area. The Kingdom of England secured control of the region in 1673 and created Rupert's Land, which included present-day Manitoba, under the administration of the Hudson's Bay Company. Negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba commenced in 1869 but disagreements over the right to self-determination led to the Red River Rebellion. The resolution of the conflict and further negotiations led to Manitoba becoming the fifth province to join Canadian Confederation on 15 July 1870. Manitoba is Canada's fifth-most populous province. It has a widely varied landscape, from Arctic tundra and the Hudson Bay coastline to dense boreal forest, large freshwater lakes, and prairie grassland. Manitoba's largest city and capital is Winnipeg. (Full article...)

• ... that Alicella gigantea (example pictured) grows up to 34 cm (13 in) in length, making it the world's largest amphipod?
• ... that eight poems dedicated to the sixth-century Brittonic king Urien Rheged may be among the oldest vernacular literature from Europe?
• ... that the surname Baena was popular among Spanish Jews forced to convert to Catholicism during the Reconquista, even though few Jews in Baena had Jewish surnames in the first place?
• ... that the National Baseball Hall of Fame does not know who first used the notation "ꓘ" to represent a strikeout looking?
• ... that Guilty as Sock! was described as "the perfect arena" for "unsettled beef"?
• ... that a late-night live stream of Frei Gilson praying the Rosary during Lent in 2025 reached one million people?
• ... that Redhill MRT station features pink walls?
• ... that Katherine Balch is "like some kind of musical Thomas Edison"?
• ... that although Seal Island attracts tourists due to its reef, transport to the island is hard due to its reef?

• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani (pictured) over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 130 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.

July 15: Statehood Day in Ukraine (2022)

• 1410 – The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald, the decisive engagement of the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.
• 1815 – Aboard HMS Bellerophon, French emperor Napoleon (pictured) surrendered to Royal Navy captain Frederick Lewis Maitland, concluding the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1983 – Sega's first home video game console, the SG-1000 (pictured), was released in Japan.
• 2009 – A M_w 7.8 earthquake struck a remote region of Fiordland, New Zealand, the country's largest earthquake magnitude since the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.
• 2018 – Croatian Mario Mandžukić scored the first own goal in a FIFA World Cup final in their defeat to France.

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William Hanna (July 14, 1910 – Marchy 22, 2001) was an American animator, voice actor, and musician who co-created Tom and Jerry and provided the vocal effects for the series's title characters. Hanna joined the the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930 and gained prominence while working on cartoons such as The Captain and the Kids. In 1937, while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Hanna met Joseph Barbera. In 1957, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became a successful television animation studio, creating or producing programs such as The Flintstones, The Huckleberry Hound Show, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, The Smurfs, and Yogi Bear. In 1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million. Hanna and Barbera were nominated for two Academy Awards and won eight Emmys. Their cartoons have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books, and toys. (Full article...)

• ... that Megalobulimus dryades (example pictured) is named after a kind of nymph from Greek mythology?
• ... that Bal Krishna Kaul, who served as the first Home and Finance minister of Ajmer State, undertook a 22-day hunger strike in Ajmer Jail?
• ... that 3.5% of a country's population can potentially change its government?
• ... that weightlifter Ri Suk, after returning from a four-year absence from competing internationally, then set eight world records in a single competition?
• ... that Shakira's Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 was only released in some Middle Eastern countries, and even then without the song "How Do You Do", which was deemed blasphemous?
• ... that Freddie Parker and Don King each played one game for the Green Bay Packers as replacement players in 1987 before being injured and never playing in the NFL again?
• ... that the first volume of Felix Klein's books on the history of mathematics does not mention the three women who originally transcribed his lectures?
• ... that some of the interior decoration of the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus is inspired by jellyfish?
• ... that, for many members of an online forum for mothers, Rupert Campbell-Black is "vaginally totemic"?

• The International Criminal Court issues arrest warrants for Taliban leaders Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani (pictured) over their alleged persecution of women in Afghanistan.
• Flooding in Central Texas, United States, leaves at least 120 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.

July 14: Bastille Day in France (1789); Festino di Santa Rosalia begins in Palermo, Italy

• 1223 – Louis VIII (seal pictured) became King of France and began a three-year reign.
• 1798 – The Sedition Act became law, making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government.
• 1865 – A seven-man team made the first ascent of the Matterhorn, marking the end of the golden age of alpinism.
• 1960 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 1-11 ditched off Polillo Island in the Philippines, killing one person and injuring 44.
• 2014 – Lightning strikes started four fires in the Methow River in the American state of Washington, collectively known as the Carlton Complex Fire.

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Heartburn is a burning sensation felt behind the breastbone. It is a symptom that is commonly linked to acid reflux and is often triggered by food, particularly fatty, sugary, spicy, chocolate, onions, citrus, and tomato-based products. Lying down, bending, lifting, and performing certain exercises can exacerbate heartburn. Causes include acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), damage to the esophageal lining, bile acid, mechanical stimulation to the esophagus, and esophageal hypersensitivity. Heartburn affects 25% of the population at least once a month. Endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring can be used to evaluate heartburn. Some causes of heartburn, such as GERD, may be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and avoiding fatty foods, can improve heartburn. Over-the-counter alginates or antacids can help with mild or occasional heartburn. Heartburn treatment primarily involves H2 receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors. (Full article...)

• ... that Megalobulimus dryades (example pictured) is named after a kind of nymph from Greek mythology?
• ... that Bal Krishna Kaul, who served as the first Home and Finance minister of Ajmer State, undertook a 22-day hunger strike in Ajmer Jail?
• ... that 3.5% of a country's population can potentially change its government?
• ... that weightlifter Ri Suk, after returning from a four-year absence from competing internationally, then set eight world records in a single competition?
• ... that Shakira's Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 was only released in some Middle Eastern countries, and even then without the song "How Do You Do", which was deemed blasphemous?
• ... that Freddie Parker and Don King each played one game for the Green Bay Packers as replacement players in 1987 before being injured and never playing in the NFL again?
• ... that the first volume of Felix Klein's books on the history of mathematics does not mention the three women who originally transcribed his lectures?
• ... that some of the interior decoration of the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus is inspired by jellyfish?
• ... that, for many members of an online forum for mothers, Rupert Campbell-Black is "vaginally totemic"?

• Flooding in Central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves at least 120 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 13: Kashmir Martyrs' Day in Pakistan

• 1260 – Livonian Crusade: Samogitian forces defeated Teutonic knights and the Livonian Order at the Battle of Durbe.
• 1713 – Eight representatives of the Wabanaki Confederacy ratified the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending their hostilities against the British in Queen Anne's War.
• 1942 – World War II: The 1st Filipino Infantry Regiment was converted from a battalion to accommodate a larger number of volunteers spurred on by the Japanese invasion of the Philippines.
• 2013 – Typhoon Soulik (pictured) made landfall in East China and Taiwan, killing at least 20 people.
• 2020 – After a five day search, the body of American actress and singer Naya Rivera was recovered from Lake Piru, confirming her death.

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Holkham Hall is an 18th-century country house in Norfolk, England, constructed in the Neo-Palladian style for Thomas Coke, 1st Earl of Leicester. The hall was designed by the architect William Kent, with contributions from Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, the Norfolk architect and surveyor Matthew Brettingham and Thomas Coke himself. Holkham is one of England's finest examples of the Palladian revival style of architecture. The exterior consists of a central block, of two storeys and four flanking wings. The interior of the hall is opulent, but by the standards of the day, simply decorated and furnished. The Holkham estate was built up by Sir Edward Coke, a lawyer in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I and the founder of his family's fortune. It remains the ancestral home of the Coke family, who became Earls of Leicester. The house is a Grade I listed building, and its park is listed as Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England. (Full article...)

• ... that Marisa Dick (pictured) has two balance-beam elements named after her – the Dick and the Dick II?
• ... that Korean science fiction has evolved into distinct North and South branches since the first work appeared in 1929?
• ... that Sue Anderson helped to break the glass ceiling for female conductors on Broadway?
• ... that flowers falling off the final dress in Alexander McQueen's Sarabande was a serendipitous effect?
• ... that Oduwa's reign saw cowries becoming so widespread as currency that nobles stitched them into their clothes, causing runaway inflation?
• ... that the Georgian Philharmonic Orchestra, founded in 1925, gave a solidarity concert with Ukraine soon after the Russian invasion?
• ... that actress Emma Stone contributed "oddities" to "Florida!!!"?
• ... that Yulius Selvanus, the governor of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, used his parents' clan names for "personal branding"?
• ... that the Mansfield Town Mill has produced flour, textiles and cannabis?

• Flooding in Central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves at least 120 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 12

• 1913 – Second Balkan War: The Serbian Army began the Siege of Vidin, which they abandoned six days later when an armistice between the Serbs and Bulgarians was signed.
• 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty was signed, with Soviet Russia agreeing to recognize an independent Lithuania.

• 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israel Defense Forces officer Yitzhak Rabin signed an order to expel Palestinians from the towns of Lydda and Ramle.
• 1997 – Hayao Miyazaki's animated film Princess Mononoke is released, becoming the highest-grossing film in Japan for a few months.
• 2007 – Two U.S. Army AH-64 Apache helicopters (pictured) conducted a series of air-to-ground attacks in Baghdad.

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Llullaillaco is a dormant stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile. It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a region of tall volcanic peaks on a high plateau close to the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places in the world. Its maximum elevation is most commonly given as 6,723 metres (22,057 ft), making it the second- or third-highest volcano in the world. Between 3700 m and 5000 m elevation there is a sparse plant cover, while at lower altitudes the climate is too dry for plants to grow. The volcano formed during the Pleistocene in two stages. The oldest rocks are about 1.5 million years old. About 150,000 years ago, the volcano's southeastern flank collapsed, generating a debris avalanche that reached as far as 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the summit. There are reports of activity from the 19th century. There are a number of archaeological sites on the mountain; Llullaillaco marks the highest archaeological site in the world. (Full article...)

• ... that Ivan I of Moscow (pictured) earned the nickname "Kalita", which literally means 'money bag'?
• ... that Morocco's abortion law requires spousal consent, but not explicitly the consent of the woman receiving the procedure?
• ... that Chinese pilot Shi Bangfan lost his left arm in a dogfight in which he downed a Japanese plane, and was later honored with a brand of cigarettes named after him?
• ... that El Salvador's only goal at a FIFA World Cup occurred during a 10–1 loss to Hungary?
• ... that Nurtami Soedarsono helped to identify victims of the 2012 Sukhoi crash?
• ... that The Big Con observes that big consultancies play both sides – advising the fossil-fuel industry while also shaping government climate policy?
• ... that sprinter Kenaz Kaniwete was the youngest athletics competitor at the 2024 Summer Olympics?
• ... that a socialist youth organization held an anti-NATO music festival attended by 20,000 people in 1982 West Berlin?
• ... that, despite calls in 1988 to remember housing activist Michael Brown, a 2024 academic article could not find any subsequent trace of him?

• Flooding in Central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves at least 120 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 11: Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Genocide in Poland (1943)

• 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I Rangabe (depicted), under threat by conspiracies, abdicated in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and became a monk.
• 1848 – Waterloo Bridge Station, which later became Britain's busiest railway station by passenger usage, was opened by the London and South Western Railway.
• 1914 – The US Navy launched the USS Nevada (BB-36) as its first standard-type battleship.
• 1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel by Harper Lee featuring themes of racial injustice and the loss of innocence in the Deep South of America, was published.
• 2010 – The Islamist militia group Al-Shabaab carried out multiple suicide bombings in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others.

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Spyridon Marinatos (1901–1974) was a Greek archaeologist who specialised in the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations of the Aegean Bronze Age, and excavated the Minoan site of Akrotiri (fresco pictured) on Thera between 1967 and 1974. He received several honours in Greece and abroad, and was considered one of the most important Greek archaeologists of his day. He joined the Greek Archaeological Service in 1919 and spent much of his early career on the island of Crete, where he excavated several Minoan sites. He served three times as head of the Greek Archaeological Service, including under the military junta which ruled Greece between 1967 and 1974. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the junta; in the late 1930s, he had been close to the dictatorial regime of Ioannis Metaxas. Marinatos died while excavating at Akrotiri in 1974, and is buried at the site. (Full article...)

• ... that a 1932 building (pictured) of the National Geographic Society Headquarters was constructed in part to house the group's collection of 300,000 photographs?
• ... that many of Johann Sebastian Bach's manuscripts were lost because some of his family members did not care about preserving them?
• ... that it took searchers three days to find the crash site of Western Air Lines Flight 34?
• ... that Roy Soemirat led the evacuation of Indonesian citizens from Iran during the Iran–Israel war?
• ... that Bill Maynard received letters thanking him for making Oh No It's Selwyn Froggitt "the cleanest show on television"?
• ... that Mary Kahil, an Egyptian Christian mystic, cofounded one of the earliest women's movements in the Arab world?
• ... that the band Pinmonkey got their name from an episode of The Simpsons?
• ... that Imogen was described as "puns-and-needles"?
• ... that Chad McCharles, before becoming a bishop, moonlighted as a school bus driver?

• Flooding in Central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves more than 110 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 10: Independence Day in the Bahamas (1973)

• 645 – In a plot to eliminate the Japanese Soga clan, Prince Naka no Ōe assassinated Soga no Iruka (depicted), beginning the Isshi incident.
• 1519 – Zhu Chenhao declared Ming emperor Zhengde to be a usurper, beginning the Prince of Ning rebellion.
• 1668 – Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660): Henry Morgan with an English privateer force landed at Porto Bello (in modern-day Panama) in an attempt to capture the Spanish city.
• 1925 – Indian mystic and spiritual master Meher Baba began his silence until his death in 1969, only communicating by means of an alphabet board or by unique hand gestures.
• 1978 – Moktar Ould Daddah, the first president of Mauritania, was ousted in a coup d'état led by Mustafa Ould Salek.

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The goblin shark is a rare species of deep-sea shark. Sometimes called a "living fossil", it is the only extant representative of the family Mitsukurinidae, a lineage 125 million years old. This species looks unlike any other shark, with a long, flattened snout, highly protrusible jaws containing prominent nail-like teeth and pink coloration. Its snout is covered with ampullae of Lorenzini that enable it to sense minute electric fields produced by nearby prey, which it can snatch up by rapidly extending its jaws. It is usually three to four metres long (10 to 13 ft) when mature. Goblin sharks inhabit upper continental slopes, submarine canyons and seamounts deeper than 100 metres (330 ft). Anatomical features, such as its flabby body and small fins, suggest that it is sluggish in nature. It hunts for teleost fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans both near the sea floor and in the middle of the water column. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as Least Concern. (Full article...)

• ... that the end of the Okipa involved Bull Dancers of the Mandan tribe (example pictured) having ritual sex with married women and then smoking a "pipe of reconciliation" with their husbands?
• ... that the Cova de les Dones contains prehistoric art and ancient Roman inscriptions?
• ... that baseball player Chuck Hockenbery had to refuse an offer to join an MLB team?
• ... that around 2,000 prison guards were fired after the 2025 New York corrections officers' strike ended?
• ... that an openly gay referee officiated the 2025 PDC World Darts Championship final?
• ... that old bridge abutments became artificial reefs during the South Coast Rail project?
• ... that the limited edition of Reira Ushio's debut EP includes a booklet featuring short stories she wrote?
• ... that financial issues including the misuse of funds emerged at an Illinois TV station after its director died?
• ... that, before designing the Millard House, Frank Lloyd Wright designed the Millard House?

• Flooding in Central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves more than 110 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 9

• 1640 – The Virginia Governor's Council made John Punch the first legally recognized slave in England's North American colonies.
• 1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: French victory at the Battle of Melle enabled their subsequent capture of Ghent from the Austrian Netherlands.
• 1790 – Russo-Swedish War: During the Battle of Svensksund in the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captured a third of the Russian fleet.
• 1850 – Following Zachary Taylor's death, Millard Fillmore (pictured) became president of the United States, the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office.
• 1995 – Sri Lankan civil war: After advising civilians to take shelter in places of worship, the Sri Lanka Air Force bombed a church in Navaly, killing at least 147 people.

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Edgar (c. 944 – 8 July 975) was King of the English from 959 until his death. He mainly followed the political policies of his predecessors but made major changes in the religious sphere, with the English Benedictine Reform becoming a dominant religious and social force. His major administrative reform was the introduction of a standardised coinage, and he issued legislative codes concentrated on improving the enforcement of the law. After his death, the throne was disputed between the supporters of his two surviving sons; Edward the Martyr was chosen with the support of Dunstan, the archbishop of Canterbury. Chroniclers presented Edgar's reign as a golden age when England was free from external attacks and internal disorder. Modern historians see Edgar's reign as the pinnacle of Anglo-Saxon culture but disagree about his political legacy, and some see the disorders following his death as a natural reaction to his overbearing control. (Full article...)

• ... that a monument in Croatia (pictured) depicts a small red car triumphing over a battle tank?
• ... that the 2025 St. Louis tornado caused the worst residential damage in the U.S. since the 2011 Joplin tornado?
• ... that Isabel Gutiérrez del Arroyo considered preserving Puerto Rican history to be the best way to serve her people?
• ... that players of a 2022 strategy board game have to manage stress, overheating, and tight cornering?
• ... that Jim Lankas retired from professional boxing and wrestling to enter farming?
• ... that Utah Jazz basketball broadcasts returned in 2023 to a station that is named after the team?
• ... that the first headquarters of New York magazine was a former political clubhouse?
• ... that Lucie Lagerbielke had a public feud in the press with critic Poul Bjerre after he criticised one of her books?
• ... that Angelina Jolie paid homage to Marilyn Monroe with a dress?

• Flooding in central Texas (pictured), United States, leaves more than 100 people dead.
• Astronomers announce the discovery of 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar object passing through the Solar System.
• The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile releases the first light images from its new 8.4-metre (28 ft) telescope.
• In basketball, the Oklahoma City Thunder defeat the Indiana Pacers to win the NBA Finals.

July 8

• 1758 – French and Indian War: French forces defeated the British at Fort Carillon on the shore of Lake Champlain in the British colony of New York.
• 1950 – Korean War: American troops withdrew from Cheonan, in modern-day South Korea, after suffering heavy casualties from a North Korean attack.
• 1962 – Following student protests at Rangoon University, Burmese general Ne Win ordered the demolition of the historic students' union building.
• 1965 – Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21 was destroyed by a bomb near 100 Mile House, Canada, killing 52.
• 2014 – In the 2014 FIFA World Cup semi-finals, Germany defeated Brazil 7-1 in the Agony of Mineirão (players pictured), breaking several tournament records.