偶然发现，思源字体的繁体字库文件，无法显示一些简体字。而思源的简体文件，似乎可以显示全部的繁体字？于是把常用的字体文件拆开，看看分别都能涵盖多少简繁汉字。

直接说结论：

• 简体字的字体，如「思源简体」，包含了中国大陆 GB18030-2000 编码标准的全部汉字，是能够同时显示几乎所有的常用繁体字的，因为这个 GB18030 标准，也涵盖了所有的早期台湾 big5 编码的繁体字；
• 反之，通常专门的「繁體 / 正體」字体，如「思源繁體」，很多简体字是不能显示的。因为相关的台湾汉字编码 CNS11643-1986（第 1 & 2 版面），只能覆盖 70% 的常用简体字。

首先，在最常用的几个字体中，

• 微软雅黑 和 思源简体 基本一致
• 思源繁体 和 思源香港 基本一致

两两之间的差别，只是少许生僻字、异体字、以及历史遗留的制作中文编码时的重复或疏忽。具体差别的内容，放在文末了。所以，这里主要对比「思源简体」和「思源繁体」，就可以了。

在思源字体 CJK 的说明文件里，写出了不同国家字体文件的字符数量，和需要支持的标准。可以看到，简中字体文件打包的字符，比繁中多了一万多个（这里的 Glyphs 不仅是中文，也包括西文、特殊符号、甚至一些 emoji）。

简中字体需要支持的标准，主要是

• 大陆 2000 年颁布的《GB18030 标准简体中文字符集》，包含 27,533 个汉字。当然，是否能做到 100% 符合，思源的设计方也表示，编码标准比较复杂，不好说……
• 2013 年颁布的《通用规范汉字表》，包含 8105 个汉字。其中有 199 个，不在 GB18030 的范围内。

繁体字体需要支持的标准，主要包括

• 台湾 1986 年颁布的《CNS11643 通用汉字标准交换码》，包括 13051 个汉字，和早年的「big5 大五码」相同。最初只有 1 2 两个字面（Panel），后来逐渐扩展，现在 1~7 字面都已经被 ISO 纳入 Unicode 体系，但思源繁体里，只支持 1 2 字面。
• 《HKSCS 香港增补字符集》，是香港从 1995 年开始，对台湾 big5 编码的补充，到 2016 年，收录汉字 5033 个。

从台湾的官网上，可以下载到目前最新的 CNS11643 – Unicode 之间的对应情况；大陆这边没有找到类似的官网资料，搜到的几个 GB18030 – Unicode 编码表，都是 PDF 格式（掀桌……）。但可以在 python 里把字符 encode，得到相应的编码，也可以变相确认，某个字符是否在某个编码里。

>>> print('劍'.encode('gb18030'))
b'\x84\xa6'
>>> print('劍'.encode('gb2312'))
报错
>>> print('劍'.encode('big5'))
b'\xbcC'
>>> print('劍'.encode('raw_unicode_escape'))
b'\\u528d'

实测结果，所有的 13053 个繁体 big5 汉字，也就是台湾最初规定的，最常用的繁体字，都包含在大陆的 GB18030 编码，也包含在思源简体的字体文件里。包含在思源繁体，而不在思源简体中的汉字，只有 1711 个（详见文末，——如果你觉得其中哪个字不够生僻，那么通常是历史遗留下来的编码重复、或者异体字。譬如，现在 Unicode 里，至少有 10 个各种形态的「龟」字了。

• 简体「龟」 – U+9F9F、U+2EF2、U+2EF3
• 繁体「龜」 – U+9F9C、U+2EF1、U+2FD4、U+F907、U+F908、U+FACE
• 日文「亀」 – U+4E80
• 还有 emoji 的 U+1F422 、埃及象形文的 𓆉 U+13189

相对的，包含在思源简体，而不在思源繁体中的汉字，有 11856 个之多。这其中，包括了非常多的常用简体字。以大陆最常用的 6763 个汉字（也就是 1980 年大陆发布的 GB2132 汉字编码集）为例。在这些汉字当中：

• 包含在 1986 年台湾 big5 编码中的汉字：4383 个
• 没有被 big5 收录，但是包含在「思源繁体」中的：482 个
• 「思源繁体」中也不存在的：1898 个

具体字符清单见文末。可以看到，思源繁体字库中，不能显示的常用简体字，接近 30%，尤其是部首本身就有简繁体之分的，如：讠纟艹饣钅车马鱼鸟页……使用了这些简体字部首的字，有很大概率，在繁体字库里无法显示。

当然，这样的差异，不一定代表着台湾那边的汉字编码工作不力、或者对简体字的傲慢。无论是 GB18030 还是 CNS11643，都早已有了更新更全面的版本，在 CNS11643 2004 年的版本中，包含了 GB2312 的全部 6763 个汉字，而整个思源简体的三万多字符，也只有 500 多个不在其中。所以，还是一些神秘的历史差异，导致——

• 简体字体支持大陆 2000 年的标准，而
• 繁体字体只支持台湾 1986 年的标准

但目前我们在网上浏览，或者文字排版时，如果用统一的字体，且需要考虑简繁体的兼容性的话，还是使用满足 GB18030 的 “简体” 字库吧。

思源字体（黑体和宋体）在 github 上的原始下载版本，分成了

• Variable OTCs – 五个地区的合集（中国、台湾、香港、日本、韩国）
• Language-specific Variable Fonts – 不同语言的合集
• Region-specific Subset Variable Fonts – 适配不同地区的版本

本文之前分析的，都是 Region-specific 版本之间的区别。而更大一级的 Language-specific 的中文字体，无论是简体繁体，都收录了四万多个字符，大约是大陆和台湾编码标准的合集，甚至更多，推荐大家去使用这个。但 Github 的界面流程，对于非专业人士来说，还是过于复杂了。而 Google Fonts 上提供的下载版本，就只有 Region-specific 的版本。

附——

Transcendence and death — The Chinese perspective

Disclaimer: This contains my personal views on religious beliefs (not necessarily formal religions) as an ex-Christian and therefore might cause offense to others, viewer discretion advised

Everyone dies.

The irony is, most humans live as if they are immortal, my explanation is because no one’s conscious mind has experienced unconsciousness, and thus death. It is surprisingly easy to forget that you will, and everyone around you, will one day die. Everyone we see on the streets are typically, not dead. Everyone reading this sentence is definitely not dead. So you walk through you daily life without ever thinking about this one great certainty.

I have an app called WeCroak remind this to myself five times a day. This made me appreciate the things I have much more, but also has created a great fear in me. Will I still be here tomorrow? What if I go to bed and never wake up? Obviousy the logical conclusion is, you won’t have to worry about that if it does happen anyways so don’t worry about it now.

But this wasn’t enough for me. Naturally, I started exploring religious beliefs. Turns out, in some religions, depending on who you are, what you did, and many other things, after you die you go live in a place, either good or bad, that we cannot experience while we are still living. In some other religions, you come back to this world, in some shape or another, also depending on who you are, what you did etc. In some others, you simply die and there is no afterlife.

All of this sounded insane to me. I cannot possibly convince myself to believe that there will be something waiting for me on the other side after I close my eyes for the last time, either that something is good or bad, because no one has ever seen it. I’ve read a couple dozen Christian books of visions of heaven and hell, back when I was still one. They offered many contradictory accounts. Buddhism’s version of coming back to this world, in one form or another did not make much sense to me either, how to we account for the population boom?

I was in a valley of despair. I was going through life without any meaning. What awaits me at the end is unknowable. I cannot choose a religion to believe in to convince me that there is something beyond the end of my life.

All of this fell on me about 2 weeks ago. I fainted, for the first time in my life, at my desk due to overworking. My head smashed against the keyboard. I was typing right before I felt my entire body was disconnected from my head, and I could not feel anything that is beneath my head, not even my neck muscles. It felt like a guillotine experience. I started falling towards the keyboard, without any control over any part of my body, but remained conscious even if I was extremely dizzy. The world started rotating in my eyes. I laid on the keyboard for 15 seconds before I started feeling my body again.

As I was falling, I thought, this is it. I’ve worked myself to death. If only I had more time to figure out more stuff and enjoy life more. Surprisingly, I was still alive. I took a few days off to recover and have a much better work-life balance now.

But what if I really died that day? Did I have any regrets (other than dying this early)? Did I have a good run? Was everything worth it?

In retrospect, I can say that everything has been worth it. 2 weeks after it, I finally figured it out via some very unexpected events.

It was late, I stumbled on a new (only to me) song called 兰亭序. For those not into Chinese culture, Lantingxu is one of the most important calligraphy in Chinese history written in the year 353. That is more than 1600 years ago. The modern song version is by Jay Chou, a Taiwanese singer.

I was in love with the song, particularly a slowed version of it, which made me very emotional. I went on to search for other versions of it, and stumbled on a version that used it as the BGM with edited scenes from the Three Kingdoms tv series showing Zhuge Liang, the chancellor and later regent of the state of Shu Han in that era. He is regarded as one of the most capable and accomplished strategist & statesperson in Chinese history. He died trying to achieve his goals, but he never gave up against overwhelming odds. The video I watched that portrayed his story was extremely moving, and I started crying. The comments show that many felt the same way.

Sound familiar? A great historical figure that inspires many across 2 millennia. Someone called Jesus is also someone who inspires many across 2 millennia.

Except there is one key difference.

No one believes Zhuge Liang came back from the dead. A lot of people believe Jesus did.

And that is where the key difference between the religion of the Chinese and other more formal and established religious beliefs lie.

Chinese people believe in a myriad of things. Many contradictory. However one thing remains constant. No one believes with all their heart that there is an after-life. Even if there are made up stories, many even written in history books, about how when an emperor was born, some magical supernatural things happened. Everyone knows they are made up, often at the command of the emperor themselves.

There is no one that can turn water into wine by just snapping a finger. There is no one that can create a road in the ocean without building a bridge or filling in the ocean with earth and sand.

So, does the Chinese believe in gods? No, but yes.

The Chinese believe that mortals who die can do godly things.

Yes, there is nothing after death. Yes, there is no way to avoid it. But no matter who you are born as, it does not necessarily preclude you from becoming anything. 王侯将相宁有种乎 (No one is nobler simply by their birth) was the spirit of the first peasant uprising in China in 208 B.C. Even as a deeply patriarchal society, there has been Wu Zetian(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zetian), the first and only female emperor who ruled China. No one needs to be given birth by a virgin mother to achieve greatness. No one needs to have riden flying horses to be impactful.

This belief is not regarded as religious belief by many as it lack the structures of a formal religion that the West is more familiar with, but that is the beauty of it. No one needs to communicate with the originator of this belief through a special class of people who interprets ancient texts. This belief is universal, yet personal. It is held in the subsconsciouness.

It is a belief in humankind. In ourselves.

No one will get an after-life? That is ok, just make sure you are using your life for a cause worthwhile.

I don’t know about you, but this feels oddly comforting. As a mortal, I know I do not have the ability to go 40 days without food and water. If that is the only way to transcend death, then I would be out of luck.

But if people who have died, remain dead, have been able to use their human ingenuity against all odds to do things that are so great that their writings are still taught in schools, their stories still make people drop tears, then as long as you are a human, there is hope.

The Chinese does not believe in immortal gods.

Instead, we believe in mortal, fragile, weak humans, who do godly things.

They transcend death by accepting it as their destiny, and fight for a cause worth living for.

Glory to the Godly mortals.

A hugely controversial company that aims to transform the future of transportation, and our world by introducing an electricity revolution, Tesla has been in the media spotlight for years. As its valuation surpassed all other car manufacturers that sell much more cars and have much more history than Tesla, we must ask ourselves, does the magical story of Tesla really stands?

Chapter 1: Elon’s cult of personality

Elon Musk has received many praises throughout the years and has managed to gather a very enthusiastic following. Arguably, he can be considered as a social media influencer that utilizes his following to achieve his goals. He frequently interacts with his fanbase on twitter and replies to requests from random users which keeps the flame going. It is like having a hand-shaking meeting which is practiced by singers and others alike in Japan, where their fans would be able to shake their hands and the star would typically say a sentence in return. This has proven to be hugely successful in Japan, and based on Elon’s twitter feed, the same works online.

His cult of personality has grown through arguably one of his most damning failures, the production numbers of Tesla Model 3, where for months the actual production numbers remained much less than his promised ones, and as Tesla faced more bottlenecks in increasing production capacity, he kept on promising more without delivering. However, he even managed to turn this in his personal following’s favor, when he finally delivered by pulling some ‘superman tactics’, such as by working extremely long hours, sleeping in the factory, being actual hands on with the production line, building a temporary factory in a tent, and flying in equipment from Germany. However, if we cut out Elon’s cult of personality, we will see that this as a huge red flag instead of Elon pulling his magic. It is unfathomable that Elon as the CEO of Tesla has to get on the production lines to make things worked out, as he was instead wasting precious time needed to make proper, good, and reasonable decisions as the CEO instead of a production line worker. Tesla does not pay him to be on the production lines making tweaks, Tesla pays him to make those proper, good, and reasonable decisions that he neglected to do, when he instead made bold claims about the production numbers without a way of fulfilling it. Flying in heavy equipment was the solution to increasing the production numbers but had there been better planning, such an expensive manoeuvre could have been avoided entirely.

The truth is, Elon remains much less than a responsible CEO and is more of an engineer that likes to focus more on the technical as seen by his role as chief engineer in SpaceX. A responsible CEO would not have said ‘The coronavirus panic is dumb’, ‘Am considering Tesla private at $420’, ‘Tesla stock price is too high imo’, and much more. What Elon has instead continuously demonstrated is that he is very much still an individual that is not willing to be bound by his duties and rules that apply to him, and such an individual in charge of the biggest car manufacturer in the world by valuation, makes him Tesla’s greatest asset and liability at the same time.

Chapter 2: Underlying culture

‘Autopilot’ is a feature that can be included in Tesla EVs, but the term is misleading. For one, assisted driving technology is classified into different tiers, each representing the extent that machine is in control of the car, or autonomous level. Tesla’s autopilot feature is classified as level 2 where the car can act autonomously but requires constant driver supervision who needs to be prepared to take over control at all times. A German court has ruled Tesla’s claims misleading and there have been numerous cases where the driver who is supposedly in constant supervision instead falls asleep or is on their phone. The National Transportation Safety Board have criticized Tesla’s lack of system safeguards in a fatal 2018 Autopilot crash in California and for failing to foresee and prevent the ‘predictable abuse’ of autopilot.

The fact is, although the claims on ‘Autopilot’ are believed to be abusive and dangerous or at the minimum, misleading by many professionals, they are kept in Tesla’s marketing. This decision is just one of the many intentionally made decisions that show a truer picture of Tesla’s culture, one that does not consider itself to be accountable to rules that apply to Tesla, just like its CEO.

One such instance happened in China, the biggest car market in the world and where Tesla has gained huge grounds, some literal, as Gigafactory 2 was opened in Shanghai a few months ago. Just as the sales of Tesla cars grew, so did the problems that encountered it. Tesla has been ordered to recall 30,000 cars by the China’s State Administration for Market Regulation, but instead of addressing the suspension problem that forced the order to recall those cars, Tesla instead blamed it on ‘driver abuse’ without offering any evidence to support the claim. This came after Tesla executives were summoned by the China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology back in March 2020 because Tesla used the old version of computer chips in Model 3s instead of the new version as promised to the consumers, which sparked outrage and resulted in the same Chinese government agency to formally require Tesla to immediately correct the chip downgrade, which Tesla again, instead of recognizing the problem and their own fault, blamed their actions on the supply chain disruption due to COVID-19.

As these stories show, the below-grade manufacturing is far from just a few instances in Tesla, be it in China or elsewhere. It is in fact the culture of Tesla that causes this, of course, at the expense of its customers and potential future sales.

Beyond manufacturing problems that are caused by this culture, these has been numerous whistleblowers and articles that is alleging all sorts of crazy acts happening within Tesla. Mr. Karl Hansen has filed a lawsuit alleging Elon and Tesla’s management have ‘intentionally interfered with efforts to seek employment with other employers in retaliation for outspoken union support’, actively concealed and participated in spying on its employees, improper contracts, theft orchestrated by organized crimes, terminated a Tesla employee’s contract after reporting the theft of $13,000 USD of copper wire to law enforcement, and more. There are more claims after from Mr. Hansen’s, and numerous lawsuits have been filed in what is described by some media as ‘Whistleblower Hell’. It is likely that we continue to see more allegations to come out of Tesla, a terrible position to be in for anyone, especially so for a company that dissolved its U.S. PR unit in October 2020.

To a large extent, Elon is Tesla, and so is his mentality the Tesla culture. Just as his successes support the entire company, so does his own problems creep in. This translates into troubles for Tesla, and if not managed well enough, could be potential deathtraps that threatens the existence of the company itself. The mentality of Elon Musk to ignore the rules whether social expectations, constraints, or perfectly legitimate laws has sparked equal number of innovations and PR crises that lacks a PR department to manage (in the U.S.), and this does not always mean well for the culture of any company, let alone a multinational which is the most valuable car maker in the world.

Simply put, Tesla’s history of troubling actions will continue into the future as it is the company culture that shapes its actions, and Elon’s mentality that shapes its culture.

Chapter 3: Tesla China

Tesla in 2018 became the first foreign car manufacturer to be in sole possession of its Chinese subsidiary, this is followed by the construction of Gigafactory 2 in Shanghai after being offered very beneficial terms by the Shanghai Municipal Government. Construction progressed at a rapid pace and production started just 1 year later in 2019. One of the most impactful effect that Giga Shanghai has brought has been the lowered production cost of Tesla EVs in China, since localized production gets rid of import taxes and lower cost overall. As a result, Tesla has been able to lower its offerings in China to attract more customers, but the way this has been accomplished has tainted its image.

The way that Tesla has lowered the price of its offerings can be described as bad business practice at best, and on the far end, intentionally fooling its customers. Tesla lowers its prices without any prior warning or compensation for customers that have purchased the cars right before the price was lowered. Often customers find themselves to have purchased the car the very day before the price decrease, when Tesla sales agents employ marketing techniques to urge customers make the purchase quickly, presumably before the price is lowered. It is not one, or twice, or thrice that Tesla has lowered its prices this way, but Tesla has adjusted its prices near 60 times after entering the Chinese market which saw the price of Model 3 slashed in half. Predictably this has angered customers that think they were tricked into buying the cars right before the price decrease, often without any compensation and this has sparked outcry on Chinese social media.

Lowering the price of products is generally a good thing for a business because it attracts more customers, but the way that Tesla has done it has made Chinese consumers weary of purchasing Tesla cars because there would be no guarantee that the price would drop by 10% right after you have made the purchase.

Apart from the price issue, Tesla has sparked more outcry on Chinese social media after the recent article that came out with allegation such as quality control issues, ‘Giga-sweatshop’, Tesla operations in Greater China being isolated from the rest of the world bringing opportunities to use practices banned by the company elsewhere, and sales personnel selling Model 3s through private channels at a discount, in stark opposition with the direct sales model that Tesla embraces.

PingWest is the media that published the article, and this is the third instalments of their ‘Tesla China chaos’ series. Only the third is translated into English, and the Chinese version offers much more detail and includes links to the first two instalments of the series.

Chapter 4: Giga Shanghai, my observations and speculations

Disclaimer: My words do not constitute professional opinion, investment advice, or any similar notion in any way, it is only my personal speculation as a tourist and is not meant to be taken seriously beyond the mere literary expression, and the actions you take out of my words is taken entirely at your own responsibility.

In this chapter, I will only address the latest instalment of the series by combining what is described in the article and what I saw and speculate as a result at Tesla’s Giga Shanghai.

There was nothing notable about the factory, the east side expansion was on its way and trucks transporting construction materials were parked on the side of the road. However, given what I was able to see through the extremely limited information outside of the factory, I believe that the article mentioned prior is true.

On the road out of the factory gates, the side is littered with primarily 2 kinds of rubbish, masks and food packaging, in particular, masks were on top of food packaging suggesting that the food packaging existed before the pandemic began. This corroborates with the claim that Giga Shanghai’s food options have been deteriorating since it opened (in 2019, before the pandemic) and inadequate. The container made guard room at the gate of the factory also show signs of trouble, I was unable to take pictures inside due to the guards but if you believe what I say, there was the phone number for the local police station placed at a prominent position that is easy for viewing by the guards. I believe that it was placed later and was not there initially because it was in an awkward position, put on the wall surrounded by plans of the factory and other images, far away on the left-side from where other phone numbers are posted (on the right-side). This has led me to believe that the police number was put there later because they did not put it along with all the other phone numbers (that were on the right-side of the wall), but only felt it was necessary later, potentially due to the chaos described by PingWest.

The other speculation I would make is that Giga Shanghai faces management chaos. This is the car transporter truck that came out of the factory and this is the same truck a few minutes later stopped at the end of a road. You can tell it is the same truck because it carries Teslas and is white, the other car transporter truck that came out of the factory around that time is blue. The white truck stopped at the end of the road where I observed all other trucks make a U-turn to head towards the highway. I was unable to take a picture of the two workers (due to fear of increased risk as I have lingered around the factory for sometime already) so you have to take my word for it. Two workers were standing on the left side of the truck, one appears to be the driver as the driver’s cabin door was open and there was no one inside, and he wore the driver’s uniform I saw earlier, and the other one appears to be another type of worker, potentially a supervisor as he wore a different uniform than the two kinds I saw earlier. The ‘supervisor’ was holding a binder that contained documents and a pen, and he appeared to be checking with the driver on something. While it is impossible to speculate on the content of the binder or what they were specifically checking on, I believe this shows the management chaos as no reasonable company would conduct its final checks on its deliveries right outside the factory instead of inside, because of the increased risk. Furthermore, this appears to be an isolated instance as I did not see the blue truck that departed later, suggesting that they only discovered something wrong with the white truck last minute and managed to stop it right outside of the factory. In the best sense this shows mismanagement as it is risky to park a truck full of newly made cars at a road construction site, worse this shows the chaos in management that even the checks on new deliveries cannot be done properly.

Tesla has come far and has made giant leaps. Elon Musk has been monumental for Tesla in terms of pushing it to come to where it is today. Not willing to obey the rules is the reason behind Tesla’s numerous innovations, but also its crises. A Chinese proverb says that ‘water floats, and sinks a ship’, what has made Tesla Tesla, could also ultimately be its downfall.

Images taken at Giga Shanghai

Further reading

252 judgements: Behind the lawsuits that Tesla brought onto itself in China (in Chinese)

Bibliography

Tesla’s ‘Autopilot’ misleading, Germany rules

NTSB warns about law oversight of new car tech

US agency opens probe into 115,000 Tesla vehicles over suspension issue

Tesla, recalling 30,000 cars in China, blames ‘driver abuse’

Tesla attributes recall of nearly 50,000 cars in China to driver abuse

Tesla is in trouble with the Chinese government after it quietly downgraded the chips in some of its Model 3 cars

How Elon Musk built a Tesla factory in China in less than a year

Tesla to recall 3,183 Model X vehicles in China, market regulator