But many European leaders say that with no sign that Russia is interested in peace, it is too early to discuss the presence of peacekeeping forces.

© Mauricio Lima for The New York Times

With Germany and France both in political turmoil, the new administration of Donald J. Trump will begin at a time of instability for the continent.

© James Hill for The New York Times

The war is entering what could be its final phase. What happens next?

Foreign leaders have rushed to ingratiate themselves with Donald J. Trump in recent days, nervously recalling the clashes, insults and feuds of his first presidency.

Another Trump term could spur Europe’s efforts to stand on its own, but it is far from clear its leaders will seize the moment this time.