© Mark Abramson for The New York Times
之前一直以来，我都在使用 zerotier 搭建内部局域网，但是我也想，为什么我不能用 zeortier 的某个节点作为出站节点？经过几周的休息（？），这周突然有空把这玩意做了。我分享一下具体细节。其实跟着官方文档走就不错了。
核心步骤就是配置转发和配置持久化问题。
Login
# 加入网络
sudo zerotier-cli join <你的网络 ID>
# 编辑配置文件
sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加以下内容
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# 重载配置
sudo sysctl -p
# 验证设置
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
ip link show
export ZT_IF=zthnhhqofq # 你的 ZeroTier 接口名
export WAN_IF=eth0 # 你的外网接口名
# 启用 NAT
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $WAN_IF -j MASQUERADE
# 允许转发
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i $ZT_IF -o $WAN_IF -j ACCEPT
# 安装 iptables-persistent 使规则持久化
sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent
sudo netfilter-persistent save
0.0.0.0/0 via <你的路由节点 ZeroTier IP>~/.bashrc：tunnel()
{
sudo zerotier-cli set $nwid allowDefault=1
}
notunnel()
{
sudo zerotier-cli set $nwid allowDefault=0
}
配置完成后，你可以通过以下命令检查 IP：
curl -4 ifconfig.co # 检查 IPv4
curl -6 ifconfig.co # 检查 IPv6
官方文档参考： https://docs.zerotier.com/exitnode/
我测试了一下，ip 的确变成了是出口节点的 ip 。
但是有一个问题：
google 和 youtube 我莫名其妙的无法访问。而 newbing 等其他网站却不受影响。 原因我还没有排查出来。
还有就是，这样的出站方式，中间流量由 zerotier 保证和控制。因此，实际上这样的流量路由转发，并没有主流的集中魔法协议的那种伪装防护功能。其实用性存疑。但是这给了一个如何利用 zerotier 的新思路。
感觉有的容器重启的时候特别慢。
有没有广州天河-盈彩美居小区附近的朋友，我剩 22 张游泳卡
因个人原因要换租了，所以不再继续住在这边，有 22 张盟虎劲技运动馆的游泳次卡想出售
可开春后去游泳
原价一张 35 米来的，现在转售价一张 15 米吧，一共 22 张，所以一共是 330 米，有需要的可联系我
** 联系方式：bHpiMTc4MDcxMzgwMTI= **
最近看到 google 的一个 AI 插件，可以让 AI 操作浏览器收集信息，对 AI prompt 了解甚少，对它的实现原理很感兴趣
神经网络每一层节点输出值，都要套一层非线性激活函数。现在使用较多的激活函数 ReLU 激活函数在 x ＞ 0 的时候也是线性的，并且是 y=x ，这能起到“线性”=>“非线性”的作用吗？不太理解 ReLU 是怎么实现激活作用的
工作经验: 至少 7 年+/最好 10 年+,有 toB 软件的 UI/UX 经验
年龄:35 岁以上优先
技能要求: 英语听说流利
薪资: 30k - 50k
工作地点: 杭州
有意者请加 vx: UGFjaW5vLWZseQ==
技术栈： nodejs ，nestjs ，熟练，从零到一开发项目。
数据库： mongodb
后端语言： python fastapi 熟练，项目开发维护。
前端： reactjs ，vue 均熟练开发项目（最近两年主要开发后端）
人格开朗，学习能力强
发现个 bug ，准备去报个 issue ，结果登录的时候要验证手机，发现没有+86 ，手工改网页也通不过。遂放弃了。
设置 cdn_host 会导致 repository file 显示不了内容，有人碰到过吗？
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主页： https://multihr.li2niu.com/ 中文版教程： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8bNwmT7eMsU7Dh518J8hcg
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产品特点：
背景：很喜欢做视频向的工具产品，虽然对这个项目的前景并不十分看好，但还是尝试一下
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EPAMagdeburg's Christmas market is a sad sight. This should have been the busiest weekend of the season, but the whole area has been cordoned off and all the stands are shut.
Police are the only people walking around the boarded-up mulled wine and gingerbread stalls.
On the pavement, red candles flicker, tributes laid for the victims.
Lukas, a truck driver, told me he felt compelled to come to pay his respects. "I wasn't there when it happened," he told me.
"But I work here in Magdeburg. I'm here every day. I've driven by here a thousand times."
"It's a tragedy for everyone here in Magdeburg. The perpetrator should be punished."
"We can only hope that the victims and their families find the strength to deal with it."
There is sorrow here – but there is anger too.
Many people here see this attack as a terrible lapse in security. That is a claim the authorities reject, although they have admitted the attacker entered the market using a route planned for emergency responders.
Michael, who also came to pay tributes to the victims, said "there should've been better security".
"We should have been prepared better but that was not done properly."
Standing at the security cordon, I heard a group of locals complaining loudly about Germany's Chancellor Olaf Scholz and regional politicians.
"They are wasting our tax money, they are just looking out for themselves. They are not interested in us. We just hear empty promises," one man said.
"They are turning what happened here around and want to put the blame on the opposition and use it for their election campaign," he said.
On Saturday evening, around the same time as the square in front of Magdeburg's Gothic cathedral was filled with mourners watching a memorial service, a demonstration took place nearby.
Protesters held a banner that read "Remigration now!" – a concept popular among the far-right – and shouted "those who do not love Germany should leave Germany".
It is not clear yet what impact this attack may have on Germany's upcoming election.
Germany has been hit by a number of deadly Islamist attacks in the past, but investigators said the evidence they have gathered so far suggests a different picture in this case.
Germany's Interior Minister Nancy Faeser said the suspect appears to have been "Islamophobic".
The suspect, Taleb Al-Abdulmohsen, is from Saudi Arabia, and his social media posts suggest he had been critical of Islam.
He also expressed sympathy on social media for Germany's far-right political party, Alternative for Germany (AfD), re-tweeting posts from the party's leader and a far-right activist.
FacebookUkrainian sniper Oleksandr Matsievsky was captured by Russians in the first year of the full-scale invasion. Later, a video emerged showing him smoking his last cigarette in a forest, apparently next to a grave he had been forced to dig.
"Glory to Ukraine!" he says to his captors. Moments later, shots ring out and he falls dead.
His execution is one of many.
In October this year, nine captured Ukrainian soldiers were reportedly shot dead by Russian forces in Kursk region. Ukrainian prosecutors are investigating the case including a photo showing half-naked bodies lying on the ground. This photo was enough for one of the victims, drone operator Ruslan Holubenko, to be identified by his parents.
"I recognised him by his underwear," his distraught mother told local broadcaster Suspilne Chernihiv. "I bought it for him before a trip to the sea. I also knew that his shoulder had been shot through. You could see that in the picture."
The list of executions goes on. Ukrainian prosecutors are investigating reports of beheadings and a sword being used to kill a Ukrainian soldier with his hands tied behind his back.
In another instance, a video showed 16 Ukrainian soldiers apparently being lined up and then mowed down with automatic gunfire after emerging from a woods to surrender.
Getty ImagesSome of the executions were filmed by Russian forces themselves, while others were observed by Ukrainian drones hovering above.
The killings captured on such videos usually take place in woods or fields lacking distinctive features, which makes confirming their exact location difficult. BBC Verify, however, has been able to confirm in several cases - such as one beheading - that the victims wear Ukrainian uniforms and that the videos are recent.
The Ukrainian prosecution service says that at least 147 Ukrainian prisoners of war have been executed by Russian forces since the start of the full-scale invasion, 127 of them this year.
"The upward trend is very clear, very obvious," says Yuri Belousov, the head of the War Department at the Ukrainian Prosecutor-General's Office.
"Executions became systemic from November last year and have continued throughout all of this year. Sadly, their number has been particularly on the rise this summer and autumn. This tells us that they are not isolated cases. They are happening across vast areas and they have clear signs of being part of a policy - there is evidence that instructions to this effect are being issued."
International humanitarian law - particularly the Third Geneva Convention - offers protection to prisoners of war, and executing them is a war crime.
Despite this, Ramzan Kadyrov, the strongman leader of Russia's Chechnya, briefly ordered his commanders involved in the Ukraine war "to take no prisoners".
Getty ImagesRachel Denber, Deputy Director of the Europe and Central Asia Division at Human Rights Watch, says there is no shortage of evidence supporting allegations of Ukrainian prisoners of war being executed by Russian troops. According to her, impunity plays a key part, and the Russian army has some serious questions to answer.
"What instructions do these units have, either formally or informally from their commanders? Are their commanders being quite clear about what the Geneva Conventions say about the treatment of prisoners of war? What are Russian military commanders telling their units about their conduct? What steps is the chain of command taking to investigate these instances? And if higher ups are not investigating, or not taking steps to prevent that conduct, are they aware that they too are criminally liable and can be held accountable?" she asks.
So far, there has been nothing to suggest that Russia is formally investigating claims that its forces have been executing Ukrainian prisoners of war. Even mentioning similar allegations is punishable by lengthy prison sentences in Russia.
According to Vladimir Putin, Russian forces have "always" treated Ukrainian prisoners of war "strictly in line with international legal documents and international conventions".
Ukrainian forces have also been accused of executing Russian prisoners of war, but the number of such claims has been much smaller.
Yuri Belousov says that the Ukrainian prosecution service treats such accusations "very seriously" and is investigating them - but so far no one has been charged.
According to Human Rights Watch, since the full-scale invasion began in February 2022 the Russian forces have committed "a litany of violations, including those which should be investigated as war crimes or crimes against humanity".
The Russian army's record of abuses is such that some Ukrainian soldiers prefer death to capture.
"He told me: Mum, I'll never surrender, never. Forgive me, I know you'll cry, but I don't want to be tortured," Ruslan Holubenko's mother says. Her son is still officially classed as missing in action, and she hopes against hope.
"I'll do everything that's possible and impossible to get my child back. I keep looking at this photo. Maybe he is just unconscious? I want to believe, I don't want to think that he's gone."
Getty ImagesA Church of England priest at the centre of a sexual abuse case was twice reappointed to a senior role during the Archbishop of York's time as Bishop of Chelmsford, the BBC can reveal.
A BBC investigation previously revealed how David Tudor remained in post nine years after Stephen Cottrell was first told of concerns about him.
New information shows Tudor's contract as area dean in Essex was renewed in 2013 and 2018, at which times Mr Cottrell knew he had paid compensation to a woman who says she was abused by him as a child.
The Archbishop of York said he regrets his handling of the case, with a spokesperson saying "he acknowledges this could have been handled differently".
They added that "all the risks around David Tudor were regularly reviewed" and that was the "main focus".
Rachel Ford, who told the investigation she was groomed by Tudor as a child, said the renewal of his contract as area dean was "an insult to all of his victims".
Ms Ford added that if responsibility for that lay with Mr Cottrell, it strengthened her feeling that he should resign.
The pressure on Mr Cottrell comes at a time of turmoil in the Church of England following a damning report into how it covered up prolific abuse by the barrister John Smyth.
The report led to the resignation of the Church's most senior figure, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby. Mr Cottrell will take over his role temporarily for a few months in the New Year.
The BBC investigation showed Mr Cottrell was briefed in his first week as Bishop of Chelmsford about serious safeguarding issues surrounding Tudor.
These included that Tudor was convicted of indecently assaulting three underage girls and was jailed for six months in 1988, although the conviction was quashed on technical grounds. Mr Cottrell would also have known Tudor served a five-year ban from ministry.
By 2012, Mr Cottrell also knew Tudor had paid a £10,000 settlement to a woman who says she was sexually abused by him from the age of 11. In 2018, the Church of England issued an apology and a six-figure pay-out to another alleged victim.
Yet the priest was suspended only in 2019 when a police investigation was launched after another woman came forward alleging Tudor had abused her in the 1980s.
Facebook/Canvey CofEWhen first responding to the BBC's investigation, the Archbishop of York said he was "deeply sorry that we were not able to take action earlier", insisting he had acted at the first opportunity that was legally available to him.
Mr Cottrell also said he had been faced with a "horrible and intolerable" situation and that it was "awful to live with and to manage".
When Mr Cottrell became bishop in 2010, Tudor was into the second year of a five-year term as an area dean, a role overseeing 12 parishes in Essex.
His appointment to that post, under a different bishop, happened despite him working under a safeguarding agreement that barred him from being alone with children and entering schools.
The title was renewed twice under Mr Cottrell - in 2013 and 2018 - and he lost the title only when the term of office expired in 2020. It was not taken from him.
A spokesperson for the Archbishop said he "accepts responsibility for David Tudor remaining as Area Dean".
"No-one advised him that David Tudor should not continue as an Area Dean," said the Archbishop's office.
Another of Tudor's victims, who does not want to be identified, said she was "shocked and disappointed" to hear his tenure as area dean was twice renewed during Mr Cottrell's time as Bishop of Chelmsford.
"These are not the actions of a bishop dealing with a situation that was intolerable to him, in fact, quite the opposite. I call on him to do the honourable thing for the sake of the Church and resign," she says.
In 2015, under Mr Cottrell, Tudor was also made honorary canon of Chelmsford Cathedral.
The Archbishop's office insisted it happened because of a change in Church policy during Mr Cottrell's time as Bishop of Chelmsford, meaning area deans were automatically made honorary canons.
It was "not a promotion and not a personal reward".
However, a social media post from Tudor's Canvey Island parish in July 2015 suggests it was seen there as a reward.
Tudor's "hard work, determination and commitment to this place have been recognised by the diocese and this new position in the Church is very well-deserved," it said.
The BBC has also seen evidence - in leaked minutes from internal Church meetings in 2018 and 2019 - that Tudor's titles of area dean and honorary canon were discussed and there had been a suggestion Mr Cottrell could immediately have taken them away.
In October 2018, a meeting at Church House - the London headquarters of the Church of England - heard that Chelmsford diocese took the view that if Tudor "can be a parish priest, he can undertake the other roles".
A bishop from another diocese said "the Bishop of Chelmsford could remove DT's [David Tudor's] Canon and Area Dean titles straight away".
But in a follow-up discussion in November 2018, Chelmsford diocese advised it would not be appropriate because of "the difficulty of removing those titles without explaining why."
We asked Mr Cottrell's office why he had not followed the suggestion to remove Tudor's titles. We were told "it would not be appropriate to comment on any notes or decisions from a core group process which are confidential".
The investigation also highlighted the significant role played by former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey in the case.
We revealed Lord Carey had agreed to Tudor's return to priesthood after being suspended in 1989, and had also agreed to have Tudor's name removed from the list of clergy that had faced disciplinary action. He had also advocated for the priest.
After the BBC put this information to the former Archbishop of Canterbury, he wrote to give up his "permission to officiate", ending more than 65 years of ministry in the Church of England. Lord Carey made the announcement on Tuesday.
In October 2024, Tudor admitted sexual misconduct and was sacked by the Church. At no point has he responded to the BBC's attempts to speak with him.
ReutersOn Friday evening, a man ploughed a car into a crowd of shoppers at a Christmas market in the German city of Magdeburg.
The attack has left five people dead and more than 200 injured, with many in a critical condition.
One man has been arrested over the attack, and police believe he was solely responsible.
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz travelled to Magdeburg on Saturday, and a city councillor declared Christmas over for the city.
Unverified footage on social media showed a black BMW travelling at high speeds through the pedestrian walkway between Christmas stalls.
Eyewitnesses described jumping out of the car's path, fleeing or hiding. One told the Reuters news agency that police were already at the venue and chased after the car before arresting the suspect.
Footage from verified sources showed armed police confronting and arresting a man who can be seen lying on the ground next to a stationary vehicle - a black BMW with significant damage to its front bumper.
BBC correspondent Damien McGuinness in Magdeburg reported that the market is "surrounded by concrete blocks". However, "there is a gap which is wide enough for pedestrians to go through, but tragically wide enough for a car to go into the Christmas market", he said.
City officials said around 100 police, medics and firefighters, as well as 50 rescue service personnel rushed to the scene in the aftermath of the attack.
Images from the scene on Friday night showed an area outside the market awash with blue lights as dozens of first responders attended to the injured.
Five people have died in the attack, one of whom is a child.
More than 200 people have been injured and at least 41 are in a critical condition.
The toll had earlier been reported as two dead and 68 injured, but was revised to the much higher totals on Saturday morning.
None of the victims have been identified yet.
ReutersGerman media has identified the suspect as Taleb A, a psychiatrist who lives in Bernburg, around 40km (25 miles) south of Magdeburg.
The motive behind the attack remains unclear, but authorities have reported that they believe he carried out the attack alone.
Originally from Saudi Arabia, he arrived in Germany in 2006 and in 2016 was recognised as a refugee.
He ran a website that aimed to help other former Muslims flee persecution in their Gulf homelands.
Evidenced by social media posts, the suspect is an outspoken critic of Islam, and has promoted conspiracy theories regarding a plot to seek Islamic supremacy in Europe.
A report from Der Spiegel said a complaint was filed against Taleb A with the authorities a year ago over statements he made. Officials did not see any concrete threat, the report says.
"The reports from Magdeburg raise the worst fears," the German chancellor, Olaf Scholz, said on social media platform X.
Magdeburg's city councillor for public order, Ronni Krug, said the Christmas market will stay closed and that "Christmas in Magdeburg is over", according to German public broadcaster MDR.
That sentiment was echoed on the market's website, which in the wake of the attack featured only a black screen with words of mourning, announcing that the market was over.
The Saudi government expressed "solidarity with the German people and the families of the victims", in a statement on X, and "affirmed its rejection of violence".
UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said he was "horrified by the atrocious attack in Magdeburg", adding that his thoughts were with "the victims, their families and all those affected" in a post on X on Friday night.
微言教育微信公众号
把课间还给孩子，如何走深走实，有哪些难点堵点？《人民日报》邀请中小学校长，与网友共同探讨课间“微改革”之道，分享育人实践与思考。跟教育小微一起来看——
网友留言：
“若有些学校拖堂两三分钟，再提前三五分钟打预备铃，课间真的能有15分钟吗？”
湖南衡阳市珠晖区实验小学副校长罗涛：网友的这种担心是有一定现实基础的。我曾观察到，在一些学校，老师为了完成教学任务，或出于多讲一些知识点的想法，有时会出现拖堂的现象。
今年10月起，我们学校推行课间15分钟，也遇到过难点。个别老师担心教学任务无法完成，或课间管理难度增加，对改革有些犹豫。对此，学校积极引导老师转变观念，认识到课间“微改革”对于学生身心健康发展的益处。同时，学校也提出严格要求：打铃即下课，拒绝拖堂。15分钟课间，1分钟也不应打折。
西安交通大学附属中学校长訾艳阳：改革过程中，统一理念十分重要。西安交大附中兴庆校区从今年11月起实行课间15分钟，首先是逐级统一理念，提高老师们的认识。
其次，学校在各学科组教研时进行了研究，规范教学环节和流程，向课堂45分钟要效益。课间有专人督促，记录未能及时下课的班级，进一步向老师了解情况。
课间与课堂、休息与学习，是有机的整体，让孩子休息好、玩好是教育的重要一环。实践证明，在课间活动得越充分，课堂上思维越活跃、注意力越集中、学习效率越高。“课上课下精神饱满，学习热情高涨”“以前课前常有迟到进教室的学生，如今孩子们的课间更从容了”……这是老师们写下的心声。
北京市海淀区上庄学校校长于海龙：老师是否拖堂，一定程度上与学校的教育理念相关。在我们学校，很少听到“拖堂”这两个字——原因是，学校进行了课程改革，改进了教学方法，有了不一样的课堂样态。我们提倡任务式教学，引导学生在真实问题情境中掌握知识。课堂上，学生自主探究、小组学习的时间多了，老师讲课时间相对减少。这样一来，也就没了拖堂的必要。
长期靠“生拉硬拽”“软磨硬泡”推动孩子学习，对于激发内驱力没好处。我们倡导老师提高课堂效率、用有限时间完成教学任务，而不能靠无限制地投入时间来解决问题。在邀请第三方对学校进行诊断、评价时，“高效课堂”是重要指标，其中就包括考察老师是否占用了孩子们的课余时间、自主时间，并对老师提出建议、做出引导。
网友留言：
“有些学校依然把学生‘圈’在教室。”“希望课间少点‘精心规划’，多增加自由活动时间，不只是排队做各种课间活动。”
于海龙：强制安排课间活动不利于激发创新意识。学校的教育教学工作应当由“管理导向”向“育人导向”转变。机械化管理往往意味着简单、统一，而育人要注重学生的个性化成长。
学生不喜欢“被设计”的课间。课间延长到15分钟后，我们在校园里新投放了许多游戏器材，如脚踩式泡泡机等。投放器材前，我们一般不提前给孩子打招呼。校园里突然“冒”出一个新器材，孩子们有新奇感，就会围在一起主动研究怎么玩。创新，往往在自由、放松的状态下产生。如果束缚太多，很难催生创新。
訾艳阳：学校兴庆校区位于主城区，活动空间确实有限，但我们尽可能地为学生开辟场地。如，操场是立体的，一层、二层是开放式体育馆，三层是田径场，每一层都直接和教学楼相连，学生可以很快到达各个场地。
罗涛：学校、老师、家长对孩子的鼓励引导也很重要。我们学校举办了“全员文体活动”启动仪式、亲子趣味运动周、田径运动会等活动。老师在课间带头走出教室，组织、引导学生活动，并鼓励家长与孩子交流时强调户外活动的好处，培养运动兴趣，共同促进孩子们充分利用课间享受乐趣、增强体质。
网友留言：
“有的学校以安全为由，除上厕所外，不让孩子出教室。”“有些学校的课间，老师要守着学生活动。班级不安静休息、出现打闹情况，就通报批评。如此防范，是否妥当？”
訾艳阳：安全方面的压力当然是有的，但不能因噎废食。推行课间15分钟前，学校兴庆校区提前对校园各角落进行了多轮安全隐患排查。如今，校领导每天都会在校园中巡查，发现并处理安全隐患。
此外，开展课间活动时，校领导会走出办公室、关注学生课间情况，德育处、教务处等老师会到指定点位进行保障，体育老师也会做好各项运动的专业指导。学校还有志愿服务学生团队，同学们课间会自我管理、自我服务。
与此同时，学校也希望能获得更多家长的支持和理解，以及相关部门在法律层面的保障，完善校园安全事故处理程序，为学校解除后顾之忧。
罗涛：日常安全教育也很重要。如每天放学前1分钟、每周放学前5分钟、每个节假日放假前30分钟，会对学生进行安全提醒和教育，其中就包括关于课间安全的内容。
安全教育可以采取寓教于乐的方式。如我们将安全知识融入飞行棋地面游戏，游戏里的每一步都对应着一个安全知识要点。学生们在课间玩游戏的过程中也能接受安全教育。
于海龙：如果为了避免安全事故，什么运动都不让学生做，这是对教育规律的极大不尊重。
学校刚安装秋千时，不少老师提出反对意见，担心太危险了——磕着碰着怎么办？但是，不能因为这个就不让孩子玩了。
最好的教育是自我教育，要让学生学会自我保护。实践中，学生经过一段适应期后，就有了规则意识。老师也会引导学生在跨学科课程中自主制定秋千使用办法，如，最多几人同时乘坐、测算秋千摇摆的安全距离等。
网友留言：
“光有课间15分钟还不够。家庭作业多不多？睡眠够不够？主要还是要真正落实‘双减’，不然孩子依然很累。”
訾艳阳：德智体美劳全面发展，字字千金。除了课间15分钟改革，学校兴庆校区还从本学期起，每周在初一年级开设5节体育与健康课程，初二、初三年级开设4节体育与健康课程。我们希望校园更加充满活力、更加人性化、更加有利于学生全面发展，让学生们不仅掌握知识，还提升社交技能，学会如何更好地学习生活，如何在忙碌与休闲之间找到平衡。这是一种自然而健康的育人状态。
我们发现一个有趣的现象：毕业班的学生更懂得合理规划时间。最近，孩子们流行在课间打羽毛球，这一风气恰恰是初三学生带动起来的。我们发现，一些学生特别是初三学生下课后喜欢下楼打羽毛球，学校就购置了一批移动羽毛球网，有时老师也参与。看到学校的鼓励和引导，学生们玩得也更放心、更开心了！
罗涛：近年来，我们严格落实“双减”工作要求，健全作业管理机制。为了增加课间的时间，我们把学校原有的早读时间进行了压缩，目的也是给学生更多自主探索的时间。
未来，期待家庭、社会都能坚持健康第一的教育理念。家长不应过于注重分数，而是要从一生的成长目标来看待教育。注重帮助孩子养成健康成熟的人格、强健的体魄，为一生打好基础。
于海龙：期待深化教育评价改革，树立科学的办学导向。如，改革学校评价，克服重智育轻德育、重分数轻素质等片面办学行为；改革学生评价，树立科学成才观念，坚决改变用分数给学生贴标签的做法。
网络编辑：明非
© Bettmann
The most painted of the poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson are those of his Arthurian narrative Idylls of the King, that I have recently incorporated into my long series on paintings of Arthurian legends. Among those The Lady of Shalott remains the most popularly depicted. Several other poems of Tennyson have featured in notable paintings.
The Sleeping Beauty is a ‘fairy’ story widespread through most of Europe, best known from the version of the brothers Grimm, and retold by Tennyson initially in his 1830 poem of the same name, expanded into The Day-Dream of 1842.
The central story tells of a princess, who has seven good fairies as her godmothers. An eighth and evil fairy was overlooked, and seeks a way to get revenge. She puts a curse on the princess that she will prick her hand on the spindle of a spinning wheel and die. One good fairy tries to reverse this, changing the spell so that it will put her into a deep sleep for a century, and can only be awakened by a kiss from a prince.
Royal edict then forbids all spinning throughout the kingdom, but when the princess is a young woman, she discovers an old woman spinning, and pricks her finger on the spindle. She then falls asleep. The king summons the good fairy to try to address the problem. Her solution is to put everyone in the castle to sleep, and to summon a forest with brambles and thorns around the castle, to prevent anyone from entering.
A prince later hears the story of the Sleeping Beauty, and rises to the challenge to penetrate the trees and bramble thickets around the castle. He discovers the sleeping princess, kisses her, and she and the rest of the castle wake up. The prince and princess marry, and they all live happily ever after.
A pupil of the Pre-Raphaelites working long after most of the them had died, John Collier chooses part of the story before the climax, in his Sleeping Beauty of 1921. Here the princess and her two companions are shown asleep, with the dense woodland and brambles seen through the window.
The same year that his first version of The Sleeping Beauty was published, Tennyson wrote a poem drawn from William Shakespeare’s comedy Measure for Measure, and the character of Mariana.
Set in Vienna, the play relates the events which take place when the Duke of Vienna makes it known that he is going away on a diplomatic mission. His deputy, Angelo, assumes control, although the Duke doesn’t actually go away at all, but remains in disguise to observe Angelo’s behaviour in his feigned absence.
Angelo has been betrothed to Mariana, but her dowry was lost at sea, so he has refused to marry her, leaving her isolated and in perpetual sadness, with no promise of any solution. During the Duke’s feigned absence, it becomes clear that Angelo lusts after another, Isabella, a novice nun who is the sister of Claudio, who Angelo has engineered to become sentenced to death for fornication. Angelo offers Isabella a deal to spare her brother’s life, in which she lets him deflower her.
The disguised Duke arranges a ‘bed trick’ in which it is actually Mariana who Angelo has sex with, which could be construed as consummation of their frozen marriage. Angelo then has sex with Mariana, believing her to be Isabella, but reneges on the deal to spare Claudio. The Duke arranges for a similar head to be sent to Angelo to ‘prove’ Claudio’s execution, in the ‘head trick’.
The Duke then ‘returns’ to Vienna, and is petitioned by Isabella and Mariana, for their claims against Angelo. Angelo attempts to lay blame against the Duke when he was disguised as a friar, so the Duke reveals his role, and proposes that Angelo be executed. Eventually it’s agreed that Angelo is made to marry Mariana, and revealed that Claudio was not executed.
Tennyson’s Mariana focusses solely on her ‘despondent isolation’ before most of the events of Shakespeare’s play. Its 84 lines end with the summary
Then, said she, “I am very dreary,
He will not come,” she said;
She wept, “I am aweary, aweary,
O God, that I were dead!”
A couple of years later, Tennyson rewrote the poem and published his new version under the title Mariana in the South in 1832. That follows more closely the tragic circumstances of The Lady of Shalott, ending in Mariana’s death. This leaves us with a choice of two or even three different Mariana narratives, and a fourth if we include Elizabeth Gaskell’s novel Ruth, published in 1853, which was apparently inspired by Millais’ painting below.
Some of John Everett Millais’ sketches for his major painting of Mariana have survived, and show how from early on in its development, the figure’s posture and location had been decided.
The final version of Mariana (1851) was first shown at the Royal Academy in 1851, together with lines 9-12 of Tennyson’s original Mariana:
She only said, “My life is dreary,
He cometh not,” she said;
She said, “I am aweary, aweary;
I would that I were dead!”
Millais’ superb and richly-coloured painting is full of symbols: fallen leaves to indicate the passage of time, her embroidery as a means of passing that time, the Annunciation in the stained glass contrasting her with the Virgin’s fulfilment, the motto ‘in coelo quies’ (in heaven is rest), and the snowdrop flower in the glass meaning consolation. Mariana’s posture is intended to indicate her yearning for Angelo.
Marie Spartali Stillman’s accomplished watercolour of Mariana from 1867 may have been inspired by Millais’ painting, and uses the same basic setting of Mariana gazing out of a window with yearning. However she dispenses with Millais’ complex symbols, and fills her paper with Mariana herself, relying on her facial expression and body language alone.
When first exhibited at the Dudley Gallery, it was well received, but didn’t sell. It then vanished until its re-discovery in the 1980s. It has been suggested that this painting may have been inspiration for Rossetti’s versions.
Rossetti made two quite different studies before painting his finished work of 1870, that are generally accepted as being part of his Aesthetic style rather than the earlier Pre-Raphaelite.
The Heart of the Night (Mariana in the Moated Grange) (1862) is an intriguing watercolour study quite unlike any of the other depictions of Mariana, but clearly referring to Tennyson’s first poem. The figure is obviously yearning deeply, but instead of facing a window, she inhabits the dark. Some symbols are apparent in the distance, including a spinning wheel indicating time, and there are love letters scattered in the foreground.
Rossetti’s next study of 1868 is transformed by his use of Jane Morris (wife of William Morris) as the model, and this probably developed from a study of her head alone. There is also a link to reality, in that the Morris’s marriage was going through a difficult period, and Jane and Rossetti were becoming increasingly close.
Rossetti’s finished painting of Mariana (1870) strangely reverts to that of Shakespeare’s play, and depicts the moments in Act IV scene 1 in which a boy sings to Mariana. Rossetti dresses the woman in the same blue as Millais, and uses Jane Morris as his model. Mariana now sits full of yearning, her embroidery on her lap, as she listens to the boy’s song, bringing in the art of music. There appears little in common with Stillman’s painting, though.
Philip Hermogenes Calderon’s sketchy painting is even more obviously linked to the Shakespeare play, and those same events in Act IV scene 1. The boy is not shown in song, though, as he stares at Mariana’s face, which we cannot see, as she is looking into the canvas. Her purity is confirmed by the white lily flowers.
Valentine Cameron Prinsep’s Mariana (c 1888) was intended to serve as an illustration for a printed edition of Shakespeare’s play; this version was printed by Goupil in Paris in 1896. Instead of following Rossetti and Calderon, he uses a similar composition to Stillman. Mariana is here dressed in white, symbolising her purity, and stares out of anachronistic diamond-pane windows, full of yearning.
Henrietta Rae painted her version of Mariana in 1892, and appears again to refer to Marie Spartali Stillman’s painting of 1867, with its bottle-glass windows, although her composition looks original.
Almost fifty years after Millais’ first painting, John William Waterhouse chose to use Tennyson’s later reworking of his poem, Mariana in the South.
One study has survived, showing how Waterhouse has moved closer to popular images derived from The Lady of Shalott. The moated grange is now kept in permanent darkness, shutters closed. Mariana yearns in front of a large mirror, as if dressing herself in preparation for her death.
Waterhouse’s finished Mariana in the South (c 1897) places her in a posture more closely derived from that of Millais. On the floor are some of her love letters, and there is a large red rose of love on her breast. At the left edge, on a distant mantleshelf, a candle burns its vigil for her lost betrothal, and her prayers that she will one day marry. This matches Tennyson’s words “And in the liquid mirror glowed the clear perfection of her face” from his second version of the poem.
In early 1835, Tennyson wrote a brief elegy describing his emotion of loss following the death of his close friend and fellow poet Arthur Henry Hallam in 1833, titled Break, Break, Break. It was published in 1842.
This remarkable painting by Elihu Vedder is one of the earliest symbolist images made by an American artist. Its origins are probably in sketches he made in 1866 and 1867, according to Regina Soria. The earlier of those was a response to Tennyson’s poem Break, Break, Break, pondering the memory of loved ones when contemplating the sea, as Vedder shows here.
FacebookUkrainian sniper Oleksandr Matsievsky was captured by Russians in the first year of the full-scale invasion. Later, a video emerged showing him smoking his last cigarette in a forest, apparently next to a grave he had been forced to dig.
"Glory to Ukraine!" he says to his captors. Moments later, shots ring out and he falls dead.
His execution is one of many.
In October this year, nine captured Ukrainian soldiers were reportedly shot dead by Russian forces in Kursk region. Ukrainian prosecutors are investigating the case including a photo showing half-naked bodies lying on the ground. This photo was enough for one of the victims, drone operator Ruslan Holubenko, to be identified by his parents.
"I recognised him by his underwear," his distraught mother told local broadcaster Suspilne Chernihiv. "I bought it for him before a trip to the sea. I also knew that his shoulder had been shot through. You could see that in the picture."
The list of executions goes on. Ukrainian prosecutors are investigating reports of beheadings and a sword being used to kill a Ukrainian soldier with his hands tied behind his back.
In another instance, a video showed 16 Ukrainian soldiers apparently being lined up and then mowed down with automatic gunfire after emerging from a woods to surrender.
Getty ImagesSome of the executions were filmed by Russian forces themselves, while others were observed by Ukrainian drones hovering above.
The killings captured on such videos usually take place in woods or fields lacking distinctive features, which makes confirming their exact location difficult. BBC Verify, however, has been able to confirm in several cases - such as one beheading - that the victims wear Ukrainian uniforms and that the videos are recent.
The Ukrainian prosecution service says that at least 147 Ukrainian prisoners of war have been executed by Russian forces since the start of the full-scale invasion, 127 of them this year.
"The upward trend is very clear, very obvious," says Yuri Belousov, the head of the War Department at the Ukrainian Prosecutor-General's Office.
"Executions became systemic from November last year and have continued throughout all of this year. Sadly, their number has been particularly on the rise this summer and autumn. This tells us that they are not isolated cases. They are happening across vast areas and they have clear signs of being part of a policy - there is evidence that instructions to this effect are being issued."
International humanitarian law - particularly the Third Geneva Convention - offers protection to prisoners of war, and executing them is a war crime.
Despite this, Ramzan Kadyrov, the strongman leader of Russia's Chechnya, briefly ordered his commanders involved in the Ukraine war "to take no prisoners".
Getty ImagesRachel Denber, Deputy Director of the Europe and Central Asia Division at Human Rights Watch, says there is no shortage of evidence supporting allegations of Ukrainian prisoners of war being executed by Russian troops. According to her, impunity plays a key part, and the Russian army has some serious questions to answer.
"What instructions do these units have, either formally or informally from their commanders? Are their commanders being quite clear about what the Geneva Conventions say about the treatment of prisoners of war? What are Russian military commanders telling their units about their conduct? What steps is the chain of command taking to investigate these instances? And if higher ups are not investigating, or not taking steps to prevent that conduct, are they aware that they too are criminally liable and can be held accountable?" she asks.
So far, there has been nothing to suggest that Russia is formally investigating claims that its forces have been executing Ukrainian prisoners of war. Even mentioning similar allegations is punishable by lengthy prison sentences in Russia.
According to Vladimir Putin, Russian forces have "always" treated Ukrainian prisoners of war "strictly in line with international legal documents and international conventions".
Ukrainian forces have also been accused of executing Russian prisoners of war, but the number of such claims has been much smaller.
Yuri Belousov says that the Ukrainian prosecution service treats such accusations "very seriously" and is investigating them - but so far no one has been charged.
According to Human Rights Watch, since the full-scale invasion began in February 2022 the Russian forces have committed "a litany of violations, including those which should be investigated as war crimes or crimes against humanity".
The Russian army's record of abuses is such that some Ukrainian soldiers prefer death to capture.
"He told me: Mum, I'll never surrender, never. Forgive me, I know you'll cry, but I don't want to be tortured," Ruslan Holubenko's mother says. Her son is still officially classed as missing in action, and she hopes against hope.
"I'll do everything that's possible and impossible to get my child back. I keep looking at this photo. Maybe he is just unconscious? I want to believe, I don't want to think that he's gone."
