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Today — 16 July 2025Main stream

Checking data integrity

By: hoakley
16 July 2025 at 14:30

How can you check whether important data has acquired errors? It could be in packets transferred over a network, files being stored in the cloud, or those put in an archive for safe-keeping. This article explains how errors can be detected and in some cases corrected.

Checksum

One quick and simple way to keep track of whether errors have crept in is to add all the byte values together using modulo arithmetic, and see if that number matches what we expect. Modulo addition ensures the sum never exceeds 255 (for 8-bit bytes), but it also means there’s a 1 in 255 chance that the checksum may remain correct even when the data is wrong. There’s an even more serious problem, though, as changing the order of bytes in the data won’t have any effect on their checksum, even though it would scramble the data.

One solution to those is the Fletcher checksum, using two values instead of one. Both start at zero, then the value of the first block of data is added to the first of those. That is then added to the second value, and each time another value is added to the first, their total is added to the second value. At the end the two values are combined to give the Fletcher checksum.

As this only uses modulo addition, it’s extremely quick, so is used with 32-bit blocks for the Fletcher-64 checksum in APFS file system metadata. The chances of a ‘collision’, in which an error fails to show up in the checksum, are almost 1 in 4.3 billion. Wikipedia’s account includes worked examples.

Cyclic redundancy check

These use additional bits to form cyclic codes based on the remainder of a polynomial division of the data contents. Although they sound complex, they use simple binary operations, so can be very quick in use. Again, Wikipedia’s account includes worked examples.

These were originally developed for use over communication channels such as radio, where they are effective against short bursts of errors. Since then they have been widely used in hard disks and optical storage. They have two main disadvantages, in that they can easily be reversed, allowing the original data to be reconstructed, and they can’t protect against intentional modifications.

Hash

Secure Hash Algorithms, SHA, are a family of cryptographic functions based on a one-way compression function. The first, SHA-1, produces a 160-bit value referred to as the digest. Used from 1995, it was broken in 2005, and has been replaced by SHA-2 using digest sizes of 224-512 bits, now most widely used as SHA-256.

For SHA-256, data is processed in 512-bit chunks and subjected to 64 rounds of a compression function before being appended into the 256-bit digest, while SHA-512 uses 1024-bit chunks and 80 rounds. Full details are again given in Wikipedia.

Important properties of cryptographic hash functions include:

  • There’s a one-to-one mapping between input data and hash, so the same data always generates the same hash.
  • It’s not feasible to work out the input data for any given hash, making the mapping one-way.
  • Collisions are so rare as to not occur in practice.
  • Small changes in the input data result in large changes in the hash, so amplifying any differences.
  • Hash values should be fairly evenly distributed.

SHA-256 and related hashes are used in code signatures, as CDHashes of the protected parts of each app, bundle, etc. They’re also used to verify the integrity of the Signed System Volume in modern macOS, where they’re assembled into a tree hierarchy so they can be verified lazily, on-demand. More generally, cryptographic hashes are used in message authentication codes (MAC) to verify data integrity in TLS (formerly SSL).

Error-correcting code

Those methods of detecting errors can’t, in general, be used to correct them. The first effective error-correcting code was devised by Richard Hamming, and is named after him. It can correct all single-bit errors, and will detect two-bit errors as well. Wikipedia’s excellent account, complete with explanatory Venn diagrams, is here.

Ten years after Hamming code came Reed-Solomon code (R-S), invented by Irving S Reed and Gustave Solomon. Nearly twenty years later, when Philips Labs were developing the format for CDs, their code was adopted to correct errors in their reading. Unlike others, when used in CDs, R-S codes are applied to bytes rather than bits, in two steps.

The first encodes 24 B of input data into 28 B of code. Interleaving is then performed on those codewords in blocks of 28, or 784 B of codewords, following which a second R-S coding is performed to convert each 28 B into 32 B of code. The overall code rate is thus 24/32, so an input file grows by a third following this double encoding. R-S code is explained in detail in this Wikipedia article.

The reason for such a complex scheme of error-correction in CDs is to correct bursts of errors up to 4 KB, or 500 bytes, representing about 2.5 mm of the track on a CD. Similar methods have been used for DVDs and in parchive files, which were distributed in USENET posts. However, it becomes progressively harder and less efficient to provide error-correction for larger blocks of missing data, which is of course one of the most serious problems in computer storage systems.

macOS

Unlike some file systems including Zfs, APFS and macOS don’t provide any native method for checking the integrity of data stored in files, although macOS does offer SHA-256 and SHA-512 support in CryptoKit. My free suite of two apps (Dintch and Fintch) and a command tool (cintch) offer a robust scheme using CryptoKit’s SHA-256 that I and others have been using for the last five years. Details are in their Product Page.

陈可和她的“包豪斯女孩”

(本文首发于南方人物周刊)

南方人物周刊特约撰稿 格雷

责任编辑:杨静茹

“陈可:无名包豪斯”展览现场(格雷/图)

艺术家陈可(1978年生于四川)擅长塑造气质独特的女性形象——迷惘惆怅的青春期女孩、自由奔放的女艺术家和好莱坞女演员。她以细腻的笔触和梦幻般的超现实氛围描绘着女性的成长、记忆与自我认知。

2025年5月17日,她的最新个展“陈可:无名包豪斯”在北京UCCA尤伦斯当代艺术中心开幕。展览以2025年的新作《玛丽安与百合No.1》开篇,画面中的玛丽安神秘莫测,层层叠加的几何色块勾勒出轮廓,从左上投下的斑斓光线映照着人物面庞。

现实中的玛丽安·布兰德(Marianne Brandt,1893-1983)是包豪斯学院唯一一位完成金属加工课程的女性,不仅在

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

中国学生涌入伊利诺伊“玉米地”,中餐也“火”了

16 July 2025 at 02:14

简繁中文
纽约时报 出版语言
字体大小

中国学生涌入伊利诺伊“玉米地”,中餐也“火”了

PETE WELLS
伊利诺伊大学香槟分校附近聚集了至少20多家中餐馆、点心店和珍珠奶茶店。
伊利诺伊大学香槟分校附近聚集了至少20多家中餐馆、点心店和珍珠奶茶店。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
朱莉娅·孙(音)是伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的一名法学院学生,10岁之前生活在上海。去年,她在离校园不到一公里的一家亚洲超市购物时,零食区的一个包装让她眼前一亮。
“那是一种华夫饼干,我二年级的时候吃过,”朱莉娅·孙说。她已经很久没见过这种饼干了,还以为它早就停产了。
“我还以为自己在做梦呢,”她说。
对于厄巴纳市和香槟市的6000多名中国学生来说,丰富的家乡特产和菜肴让这两座城市仿佛成了从伊利诺伊州中部平原上升起的一场“海市蜃楼”。
这两座城市被绵延数公里平坦的、绿油油的大豆田和谷物田环绕,总人口约12.7万,天际线最高的建筑也很少超过15层。这一地区并非人们印象中的大都会中心,按理说,想吃到地道的中餐,这里绝不会是首选之地。
去年,伊利诺伊大学香槟分校招收了6000多名中国大陆学生,还有数百名台湾学生。
去年,伊利诺伊大学香槟分校招收了6000多名中国大陆学生,还有数百名台湾学生。 David R. Frazier/Alamy
然而,从大学主校区出发,步行一小段路,你就能坐下来享用一顿正宗的川味麻辣牛蛙火锅,汤底里满是青花椒。附近还有一家餐馆供应羊肉泡馍——这是陕西的一道羊肉汤,里面漂着掰碎的馍,是西安人喜爱的美食。如果深夜突然想吃长沙风味的臭豆腐,晚上8点半之后也能吃到,厨师会把炸好的黑色发酵豆腐块淋上亮晶晶的橙色辣椒油,和湖南省会街头小贩的做法一模一样。
在200公里外的芝加哥这样的大城市,你得费一番功夫才能找到这样的菜肴,但在香槟市和厄巴纳市,它们早已成为生活的一部分。校园附近聚集了至少20多家中餐馆、面包店、珍珠奶茶店和亚洲超市。在香槟市被称为“校园镇”的主要商业街格林街,短短五个街区的范围内,橱窗海报和人行道上的夹板广告牌上满是饺子、面条和炒菜的大幅彩色照片,配有中文说明,通常也会有英文(但并不是都有)。
广告
这些店大多是今年来新开的,历史几乎都不会超过15年。石黛(音)是当地的一名甜点师,老家在福州,她2010年第一次来到香槟市,当时她父母在这里开了一家中餐馆。她说,那时候竞争对手寥寥无几。
那时约有1100名中国学生就读于这所大学。如今,中国学生的数量是当时的五倍多,校园周边也成了草原上的一个小小唐人街。
与其他有众多留学生的城镇的餐馆一样,伊利诺伊州香槟市的御膳房代表了美国中餐业的新浪潮。
与其他有众多留学生的城镇的餐馆一样,伊利诺伊州香槟市的御膳房代表了美国中餐业的新浪潮。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
纽约大学的中国学生数量在美国各高校中位居第一。但根据《纽约时报》对美国移民与海关执法局2023年签证数据的分析,伊利诺伊大学香槟分校与南加州大学几乎并列第二。
国际学生数量的激增改变了许多地方的当地文化和经济,厄巴纳和香槟市并非个例。但这一地区地处乡村、相对偏僻,且中国学生数量异常庞大,使其成为这种变化的一个鲜明例证。
未来数月或数年,这里或许还会成为一个实验室,可以用来观察特朗普政府削减研究预算、收紧留学生签证(尤其是中国学生)所带来的影响。
玉米地里的盛宴
中国的大学生们给伊利诺伊大学起了个昵称——“玉米地”。这所大学因其周边的农田,以及在工程、计算机科学等STEM领域的实力而闻名,而不是因为它附近可以吃到北方风味的爆猪肚。每年8月,数以百计新来的中国学生来到这里,完全没想到这片“玉米地”里竟有他们从小吃到大的食物。
广告
学校的招生人员偶尔会用饺子之类的美食来吸引潜在的学生。“我申请的时候,和导师Zoom视频了两次,每次他都告诉我,‘这里的中餐太棒了,你一定会喜欢的’,”来自上海、正在该校吉斯商学院攻读博士学位的斯嘉丽·钱(音)说。
6月,我和钱女士以及她的两位华裔同学在她们最喜欢的格林街餐厅“北味轩”共进晚餐。我们很快就落座了,她们说,这在学年期间很难得,这样的时候,门口几乎总是排着队。
香槟市渔满楼餐厅的菜单上有1000多种菜品。
香槟市渔满楼餐厅的菜单上有1000多种菜品。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
干煸肥肠是北味轩餐厅的特色菜之一。
干煸肥肠是北味轩餐厅的特色菜之一。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
北味轩是两年前开业的,店内铺着青灰色地砖,摆放着中世纪现代风格的家具,餐桌上方悬挂着石墨色的吊灯。在这样的光线下,拍出来的菜肴照片清晰,很适合发社交媒体,比如哈尔滨特色菜锅包肉:猪肉条经过两次油炸,形成浅金色的外壳,里面布满细小的气穴,裹上近乎透明的糖醋汁也不会变软。
“这和我在国内吃的很像,”在山东长大的李轩逸(音)说。
去年,有超过27万名中国学生在美国高校就读。为他们服务的餐馆代表了美国中餐业的新浪潮。20年前在曼哈顿,纽约大学和哥伦比亚大学周边的街区几乎没有像样的中餐,现在已经成为上海醉蟹港式叉烧包的宝地。在内布拉斯加州林肯市艾奥瓦城的大学校园附近甚至也能吃到高水平的中餐。
与20世纪初为广东移民提供家常菜、铺着油毡地板的旧城区唐人街餐馆相比,这些新餐馆更具国际化气息;与20世纪60至70年代因躲避文化大革命而来的那些训练有素的厨师经营的贵族式中餐厅相比,这些新餐馆更加与时俱进。它们面向的是离开中国不久的年轻顾客,往往氛围轻松、价格适中(虽然并非极低),且忠实地再现了真正的地方菜系。
本地地标性餐厅渔满楼如此著名,以至于一支独立摇滚乐队为它创作了一首歌曲。
本地地标性餐厅渔满楼如此著名,以至于一支独立摇滚乐队为它创作了一首歌曲。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
香槟分校的学生们会在小红书和微信等社交媒体的中文群聊里交流各地菜肴的信息。在这片“玉米地”点餐时,最有用的工具是亚洲外卖应用熊猫外卖”和“饭团”,它们的配送车上印有拟人化的饺子标志,在街头很常见,就像其他美国大学城的红蓝色达美乐披萨车一样。
“司机都是中国人,”钱女士说,“他们到公寓后,会打电话给我,直接说普通话。”
广告
“所有人都绷紧了神经”
一年前,在竞选活动中,特朗普总统提议,所有从美国大学毕业的国际学生应“自动”获得绿卡。
今年1月上任后,特朗普选择了另一条道路。他的政府在5月冻结了学生签证申请。一个月后签证流程恢复时,国务院发布了新指令,对申请者的“网络活动”进行更严格的审查——其中包括寻找对美国表现出“敌意”的迹象等内容。
各国领事馆被告知,应优先处理那些前往国际学生占总人数不到15%的学校就读的签证申请。而伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的这一比例超过了20%。
去年,在美国的110万名国际学生中,中国公民占超过四分之一。他们正面临额外的审查。今年5月,国务卿马可·鲁比奥宣布,政府将“大力撤销中国学生的签证”。
副校长罗宾·凯勒表示,更严格的审查和签证延迟是否会影响伊利诺伊大学在新学年接收的国际学生人数,要到9月才能看出结果。
北味轩这样的餐厅主要面向的是离开中国不久的年轻食客。
北味轩这样的餐厅主要面向的是离开中国不久的年轻食客。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
在此之前,教职员工、校方管理层以及当地商家都在为可能带来的影响做准备。国际学生人数的大幅下降可能会对厄巴纳和香槟这样的大学城产生重大的经济影响。根据国际教育者协会(NAFSA)2024年的一项分析,国际学生每年在伊利诺伊州的支出高达24亿美元,支持了该州超过23000个就业岗位。学费是其中最大的支出项,但房地产、汽车经销商以及其他类型的商家也都从中受益。
香槟市的格林街周边新建起了许多五六层高的公寓楼,其中很多配备了健身中心、露天火炉,甚至还有游泳池。甜点师石女士和她的丈夫在厄巴纳市拥有一家法式甜品店兼咖啡馆,店铺所在的大楼几乎将其400间卧室全部出租给学生。根据她的估计,其中大约三分之一是中国学生。
广告
数以千计中国和印度学生、数百名韩国和台湾学生的到来引起了全国各大餐饮企业的关注。今年1月,韩国超市H Mart进驻厄巴纳市。主营过桥米线的“十秒到云南过桥米线”去年也入驻香槟,在中国拥有数百家门店。而由芝加哥名厨胡晓军创办的“老四川”自2018年起就在厄巴纳市开设分店,供应椒香牛舌等四川菜肴。
2016年,杰克·萧(音)在香槟大学城开设了他创办的台湾珍珠奶茶品牌Latea分店。他曾在附近的普渡大学就读本科,对该地区颇为熟悉,因此他相信,这里的亚洲学生会喜欢他自家制作的珍珠奶茶——采用他台湾祖母的配方,珍珠用烤糖焦糖调味。
“我们一开门就有客人了,”他说。
御膳房的特色是港式茶点。
御膳房的特色是港式茶点。 Anjali Pinto for The New York Times
随着越来越多亚洲商家涌入,生存竞争变得愈发残酷。格林街上的餐馆可能一年内就开开关关。与妻子石女士共同拥有三家咖啡馆的业主提姆·赵 (音)表示,现在店主们预计来自其他国家,尤其是中国的学生会减少。
赵先生表示,不久之前,许多餐馆老板的产品主要针对这些学生。如果大量学生无法进入美国,或者选择去更友好的国家留学,“普遍的看法是,他们将不得不改变口味、调整菜单以及改变经营方式,”他说。
例如,那家出售长沙臭豆腐的面馆最近在其宵夜菜单中新增了烤肉串和其他更为大众化的菜品。
广告
“所有人都绷紧了神经,”赵先生说。
许多长期居民希望自己喜爱的餐馆能够继续经营下去,并保持特色。
“这种文化的多样性让我们大家都受益,”退休奶酪制造师莱斯利·库珀班德在香槟的渔满楼餐厅和我们一起品尝了一道非常美味的三杯鸡后说。渔满楼是一家著名的台湾和中国餐馆,甚至有一支独立摇滚乐队为它写过一首歌
“就像是——哇,看看我们这座有10万人口的小城里有什么,”她说,“我们因此过得更好了。”

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人这一辈子,能用几台全画幅黑卡?

By: 周奕旨
16 July 2025 at 13:33

没有预热,没有爆料,没有预告。

昨晚,索尼突然扔出了一颗重磅炸弹——RX1R III,沉默了十年的全画幅黑卡旗舰产品线,突然更新了。

镜头依旧不可替换,定位仍然居高临下——还是那套熟悉的配方,把旗舰级画质,硬塞进一台手掌大的机身里。

很少有一个相机系列,能够十年如一日地 PUA 你:「不是它太贵,是我还不够努力」。RX1R 就是其中之一。 RX1R III 高达 33999 元的售价,让很多理性消费者望而却步——一如它的前辈们刚发布的时候。

但照着十年磨一剑的节奏,人这一辈子能玩上几部《GTA》,又能用上几台全画幅旗舰黑卡?

三个词,认识索尼 RX1R III

如果要用一句话准确又精炼地介绍 RX1R 系列,那毫无疑问是高画质的定焦一体机。

作为最新一代产品,RX1R III 延续这一核心理念,我们同样可以从这三个关键词出发理解它——

  1. 高画质

RX1R III 搭载了一块 6100 万像素的背照式全画幅传感器,这无疑是继承自其旗舰兄弟 Alpha 7R V 的遗产。

较为与众不同的选择是,索尼在 RX1R III 上选择去掉光学低通滤镜,配备了抗反射(AR)镀膜,进一步提升照片的细节表现,以牺牲抗摩尔纹性能换取更极致的画质。

这是索尼为 RX1R III 高画质打下的基础。

2. 定焦

与理光 GR 系列和徕卡 Q 系列这两门声名显著的 28mm 定焦一体机不同,索尼在焦段的选择上更加保守,选择了在人文摄影中进可攻退可守的 35mm。

这颗镜头的口径为 49mm,适用于主流滤镜生态,同时配备了微距环,在切换至微距档位时可以提供最近 20cm 的对焦距离,最大放大倍率约为 0.26 倍。

索尼宣称这颗蔡司 Sonnar T* 35mm F2 镜头与机身内 6100 万像素的全画幅传感器之间进行了微米级精度优化,能进一步压榨出镜头与传感器的潜力,以获得更精确锐利的照片。

此外,高素质镜头与高像素传感器带来的另一个好处,是在一体式机身中提供更多样的焦段选择——

RX1R III 提供了阶梯变焦功能,可以通过裁切获得 50mm、70mm 两个焦段,在这两个裁切焦段下,照片尺寸分别为 2900 万像素与 1500 万像素。

当然,裁切只会作用于 JPG 格式的图片,如果你选择用 RAW 格式记录照片,那么获得的依旧是原生 35mm 焦段的画面,只能通过后期裁切获得不同视角。

3. 一体机

RX1R III 是一台强悍的一体机,除了强大的传感器与镜头,索尼也没忘记跟上潮流,把自家最新的 AI 芯片也塞进 RX1R III。

得益于这颗 AI 芯片,RX1R III 延续了索尼一贯强悍的对焦性能——可以实时自动识别主体并预测主体运动,以达到持续跟踪对焦,其中,人体姿态识别不仅可以识别眼睛,还能精确判断人的身体及头部位置,即使被摄者面部不可见时也能持续追踪。

对焦系统方面,RX1R III 内置了 693 个相位检测自动对焦点,覆盖约 78% 的画面范围。

索尼 RX1R III 支持 12 种创意外观,包括在 α7 系列四代机身上广受好评的 FL2 及 FL3,并且每种外观均可自定义调节色相、饱和度、亮度、对比度与锐度,进一步提升了滤镜在不同环境中的表现力,便于不喜欢后期的用户可以高效地直出具有风格化的照片,这 12 种创意外观滤镜在视频模式中也同样适用。

提到视频,RX1R III 支持以 4K 60 帧 10-bit 以及 1080p 120 帧两种规格拍摄视频——听起来有些「超出预期」,但反过来看,这也侧面强调了这台定焦一体机的街头快拍属性。

可以说,作为一台定焦一体机,RX1R III 拥有旗舰级的硬件配置。但作为 RX1R 系列的继任者,它也留下了一些值得一提的遗憾——

在 RX1R II 上,最大的亮点之一就是索尼在高度集成化的机身内设置了一枚弹出式取景器,在强烈光照的环境中,屏幕取景的使用体验会变得极其糟糕,此时这枚取景器「咔」地一声弹出,曾是无数黑卡用户津津乐道的使用体验。

而这一次,RX1R III 改用了固定在机背左上角的电子取景器,虽然 236 万像素、0.70× 放大率的规格不算拖后腿,但少了那个小小的机械弹出动作,总让人觉得缺了点什么。

而且,受制于机身高度集成,索尼妥协了电池的配置——

RX1R III 并未采用新一代机型上常见的 NP‑FZ100 电池(2280mAh),而是继续使用我们更为熟悉的 NP‑FW50 电池,容量为 1020mAh。

根据索尼官方数据,这块电池在 RX1R III 上可实现约 520 张的拍摄续航,此外,机身也配备了 USB‑C 接口,支持快充功能,也可以视为对电池容量这个小遗憾的一种补充。

当然,最大的遗憾是价格——

33999 元的定价,远超出我的预期,也远远高于 RX1R 系列前两代机身的首发售价,在这个价位段,你已经可以选择 GFX100RF 这样的中画幅一亿像素定焦一体机;要是咬牙再加一点儿预算,徕卡 Q3 也摆在面前。

十年一剑,是生不逢时还是恰逢其时?

回头望,十三年前的 2012 年,是这一切的起点。

这一年,索尼推出了第一代 RX1,次年的夏天,RX1R 作为去掉低通滤镜的高解析力版本出现在我们面前。

此时的相机市场正处于一场暴雨前的闷热中——

数码影像接过胶片时代的火炬,单反结构一路狂飙突进,佳能与尼康二分天下,移动影像尚未真正起势,但变化已在暗流中酝酿。

对于彼时的索尼而言,同样如此,旗舰级别的无反光板结构相机 α7 正蓄势待发,即将改写数码相机的结构格局,而作为前奏,RX1 与 RX1R 两台同样没有反光板结构的无反相机,已经掀起了一阵巨浪——

放眼当时的市场,从未有哪一台相机,在不妥协的前提下,将全画幅传感器与高素质镜头塞进如此小巧的机身之中,夸张点说,它就是全画幅一体机的开山祖师,是相机工业设计领域的奇迹。

但遗憾的是,此后十年的故事,属于可更换镜头相机,与 RX1 关系并不大。

α7 家族抢走了所有的目光,演化出 M、R、S 三大系列,尼康佳能亦步亦趋地顺应了时代的洪流,将旗舰机型过渡到无反结构,相机市场天下三分,御三家的称呼名动一时。

而 RX1 系列,则被卷入时代的夹缝,仅仅在 2015 年,短暂地回到我们视线中。

再之后,移动影像迅猛崛起,智能手机在算法 + 算力双轮驱动下,画质不断突破,对数码相机市场造成巨大冲击。

风雪压屋檐,相机厂商只得不断地收缩机型布局,大批中端、便携相机被时代抛下,市场转向极致细分与重度专业化。

▲ 2013 年,iPhone 出货量正式超过数码相机

破局点,是另一类机型的意外爆火。

以富士 X100V 为代表的新型定焦一体机,在小红书、TikTok 等社交平台走红,凭借复古外观、胶片模拟、极致直出体验掀起一波种草热潮,理光 GR 系列也随之升温。

这些机型共同证明了一件事——

在移动影像与专业摄影之间,依然存在一块「不用选镜头、不用后期,拿起就拍,还有高画质」的影像空地。

而索尼的嗅觉是敏锐的。

它是民用相机中传感器自产率最高、更新最快的厂商;在体积小这个命题上,它早在 2012 年就完成过一次令人惊叹的技术压缩;而在风格直出方面,出现于 α7 四代的创意外观滤镜系统早已成熟。

最后一道门槛,是镜头——那就干脆不给你选。

搭一颗高素质蔡司 35mm F2,再配上 6100 万像素全画幅传感器,用像素和画质硬堆出裁切空间,实现无损焦段扩展,索尼用「量大管饱」的方式,补齐了这最后一块拼图。

于是,一切都是这么顺理成章,在社交影像热潮未退,便携高画质影像重新成为热点的这一刻——

索尼 RX1R III,十年沉默,今朝登场。

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Three key questions after Afghan data leak sparked unprecedented secret evacuation

16 July 2025 at 04:10
EPA A monument inscribed with the word Afghanistan outside the headquarters of the Ministry of Defence in LondonEPA

It has been more than three years since a British official inadvertently leaked a dataset containing the names and contact details of thousands of people who were attempting to flee possible Taliban revenge attacks.

In April 2024, the government began relocating some of them to the UK - but we are only learning this now because extraordinary lengths were gone to in order to prevent the breach and subsequent response coming to light.

As the full picture is finally disclosed to the public, these are the questions still facing Britain's security establishment.

What can be done about the danger of leaks?

It has happened before and it will doubtless happen again.

Think Wikileaks, Snowden and all the countless cyber-hacks and ransomware suffered by companies on an almost daily basis.

Data leaks are not new but sometimes – and it is quite possible that this is one of those times – they can be life-threatening.

The revelations that have come to light will have sent a chill down the spine of hundreds, possibly thousands, of Afghans who fear retribution by the Taliban.

For those already spirited out to Britain, it means they can probably never go back home as long as the Taliban are in power.

For the 600 former Afghan government soldiers and their estimated 1,800 dependants still in Afghanistan, the news will mean they are unlikely to breathe easily until the UK delivers on its promise to get them safely out.

It's important to bear in mind that all this was not the result of some deliberate, sophisticated cyber attack by a state-backed hacking group.

It evolved from an unintentional mistake made by just one individual working for the Ministry of Defence.

What does this say about Britain's moral responsibility?

UK forces were deployed to Afghanistan, alongside US and Nato allies, over a period of almost 20 years, from October 2001 to August 2021.

During this time they worked closely with their Afghan government allies, relying heavily on their local knowledge and expertise.

The most sensitive area was in Special Forces (SF), for whom the Taliban reserved a particular hatred.

When Kabul and the rest of Afghanistan fell to the Taliban in the summer of 202, there was a realisation that those now-former Afghan SF soldiers and their families were a priority for relocation to safety.

But thousands more Afghans also risked their lives to work with the British over those two decades.

Many did it out of patriotism, believing they were working to secure a better Afghanistan.

Some did it for the money, some did it because they trusted Britain to safeguard their lives and their personal details.

A data breach like this now threatens to undermine any future promises by a British official who says: "Trust us, your data is safe with us."

Was there a cover-up?

When this "unauthorised data breach" was finally discovered, a full 18 months after it occurred, the UK government obtained what is known as a super-injunction, preventing its publication by the media.

A super-injunction is so draconian that it means you cannot even report the fact that you cannot report it.

That measure has only just been lifted now, following an independent review.

There is a logical case to be made that this measure was necessary to protect the lives of those affected by the data breach.

However, questions are now being raised about whether the injunction - applied for by the previous, Conservative government - might also have been for political purposes.

The High Court judge who lifted the super-injunction, Mr Justice Chamberlain, said that it had "had the effect of completely shutting down the ordinary mechanisms of accountability which operate in a democracy".

Trump says attorney general should release any 'credible' information on Epstein

16 July 2025 at 08:12
Bloomberg via Getty Images US House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Republican from Louisiana, speaks to members of the media while arriving for a meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel's prime minister on July 8, 2025.Bloomberg via Getty Images
"We should put everything on the table and let the people decide," says Johnson

US House of Representatives Speaker Mike Johnson has called for the justice department to release all its files on sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, in a split with President Donald Trump, who has sought to draw a line under the matter.

"We should put everything out there and let the people decide," Johnson, an ally of the president, said in an interview.

It came as Trump said Attorney General Pam Bondi should release "whatever she thinks is credible" on Epstein. At the weekend, the president urged supporters not to "waste time and energy" on the controversy.

Bondi is under fire after she said last week there was no evidence Epstein kept a "client list" or was blackmailing powerful figures.

Convicted paedophile Epstein's 2019 death in a US prison while awaiting federal trial was ruled to be a suicide, but many in Trump's Make America Great Again (Maga) movement suspect a cover-up.

Asked about the Epstein files on Tuesday by US conservative commentator Benny Johnson, Speaker Johnson said he was in favour of "transparency".

The Republican congressman from Louisiana added that he trusted President Trump and his team, and that the White House was privy to facts that he did not know.

But he said Bondi "needs to come forward and explain it to everybody".

Trump is facing a rare backlash from his staunchly loyal political base over their theories that details of Epstein's crimes are being withheld in order to protect influential figures, or intelligence agencies.

On Tuesday, he praised his attorney general's handling of the matter, saying: "She's handled it very well, and it's going to be up to her. Whatever she thinks is credible, she should release."

Last week the president vented frustration in the Oval Office about his supporters' fixation on Epstein and implored them to move on.

But other Republican allies of the president are not letting go of the matter.

Georgia congresswoman Marjorie Taylor-Greene told Benny Johnson in a separate interview on Tuesday: "I fully support transparency on this issue."

She praised Bondi's work as attorney general, but said that leaders and elected officials should keep their promises to voters. President Trump had previously pledged to release all details of the Epstein investigation.

Getty Images US Attorney General Pam Bondi photographed testifying before the Senate Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies in the Dirksen Senate Office Building on June 25, 2025 in Washington, DC. Getty Images
Pam Bondi has said the memo released last week on Epstein by the Department of Justice "speaks for itself."

Another conservative Republican, Lauren Boebert of Colorado, said if more Epstein files were not released, a special counsel should be appointed to investigate the financier's crimes.

Senator John Kennedy of Louisiana said the voters expect more accountability.

"I think it's perfectly understandable that the American people would like to know who he [Epstein] trafficked those women to and why they weren't prosecuted," Kennedy told NBC News.

But other influential Republicans – including Senator John Thune and congressman Jim Jordan – deferred to President Trump on the matter.

At an unrelated news conference on fentanyl on Tuesday, Bondi brushed aside questions about the controversy.

"Nothing about Epstein," she told reporters. "I'm not going to talk about Epstein."

She said last week's memo by the Department of Justice, jointly released with the FBI, declining to release any further files on Epstein "speaks for itself".

The government's findings were made, according to the memo, after reviewing more than 300 gigabytes of data.

On Tuesday, House Democratic lawmakers tried unsuccessfully to force a vote on releasing Epstein files.

Republicans pointed out the administration of President Joe Biden, a Democrat, also had access to the files, but did not release them.

Physician associates should not diagnose patients, says review

16 July 2025 at 07:02
Getty Images Two healthcare professionals wearing white coats, with one holding a tablet, talk to a patient with grey hair who is sitting on a hospital bedGetty Images
The review recommends PAs wear a different uniform to doctors

Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs), who assist doctors in GP surgeries and hospitals, should be known as "assistants" to avoid confusing patients, an independent review says.

The review recommends PAs and AAs wear standardised clothing and badges to distinguish them from doctors, and that they should not diagnose patients.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting announced the review last year, following a heated debate over the roles and responsibilities of the healthcare positions.

The doctor's union, the BMA, says the review should have gone further.

Review author Prof Gillian Leng talked to doctors, patients and the public to collect evidence on the safety and effectiveness of the roles of PAs and AAs.

She said a clear vision "was largely missing" when they were introduced in 2000 and there was no national plan for how the new roles would fit into existing teams, resulting in growing "confusion about the roles' purpose and remit".

"Where capacity was limited in local services, gaps in medical posts were sometimes covered by PAs, without taking into account their more limited training or ensuring that supervisors had the necessary understanding of the roles and the time and skills required to provide appropriate oversight," Prof Leng added.

She also listened to families of relatives who died after being treated by PAs, believing them to be qualified doctors.

Emily Chesterton was told the calf pain she was experiencing in October 2022 was a sprain but it was in fact a blood clot. She died, aged 30, after being seen twice by a physician associate.

Susan Pollitt, 77, was being treated by a PA in hospital two years ago after a pump was left in her stomach for 15 hours longer than it should have been. She died from an infection two days later.

Her daughter Kate says the family have never blamed the PA involved but want more clarity.

"As a family, when you've got someone in hospital, you don't think straight because you're just worried about your relative," she says.

"Even though people are telling you who they are, you're not registering it. So I do think it needs to be made clear, with the uniform and the badges and the name. So we do welcome that," Kate says.

In other cases, patients said they were satisfied after seeing a PA and felt listened to, the review says.

The review recommends physician associates should:

  • be renamed "physician assistants" to reflect their supportive role in medical teams
  • not see new patients in primary or emergency care or make a diagnosis
  • have at least two years' hospital experience before working in a GP surgery or mental health trust
  • be part of a team led by a senior doctor
  • wear badges, lanyards and clothing to set them apart from doctors

Anaesthesia associates should be renamed "physician assistants in anaesthesia" or PAAs.

In addition, patients should be given clear information about the role of a PA and there should be a faculty to represent PAs and set standards for training.

Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs) were introduced into the NHS in the early 2000s to ease doctors' workload.

As their numbers grew, concerns were raised about the safety of the roles, the lack of clarity around their responsibilities and the impact they had on junior medics' work and training.

PAs are not authorised to prescribe medication but they can order certain scans, take medical histories and conduct physical examinations.

Anaesthesia associates (AAs) support surgery teams and are a much smaller group.

There are now more than 3,000 PAs and AAs in England but the NHS workforce plan envisages that increasing to 12,000 by 2036.

Both PAs and AAs have to complete a two-year postgraduate course. To be eligible they need to have either a science-related undergraduate degree or be a registered healthcare professional already.

The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges said there was a growing campaign against their use, fuelled by unsubstantiated claims on social media. It requested an independent review to set out the jobs they can safely do.

PAs and AAs have been regulated by the General Medical Council, the body which also regulates doctors, since December 2024.

Doctors' training takes many years longer, and anti-social hours and exams are a regular occurrence.

The British Medical Association has said PAs and AAs were being asked to do tasks they were not meant to do and the lines with doctors were getting blurred.

Dr Emma Runswick, from the BMA, says the name change to physician assistants is "positive" but doctors haven't got everything they wanted and more still needs to be done.

"Patients can know who they are seeing, but it does not make the key changes that we are looking for in terms of setting out what they can and cannot do."

"But we would be a fool to say that it wasn't some progress."

Dr Hilary Williams, incoming vice president of the Royal College of Physicians, said the review was "thoughtful" and "thorough", and showed that "reform is urgently needed" to ensure safe teamworking in the NHS.

Israel bombs Syrian forces entering Druze city after sectarian clashes

16 July 2025 at 05:44
Reuters Smoke rises as Syrian security forces personnel sit in the back of a pick-up truck while entering the predominantly Druze city of Suweida, Syria (15 July 2025)Reuters
Syria's defence minister announced a ceasefire as government forces entered Suweida city on Tuesday

Israel says it has bombed Syrian government forces around Suweida, as they entered the predominantly Druze city following two days of deadly clashes between Druze militias and Bedouin tribes.

About 100 people have reportedly been killed since the fighting erupted on Sunday.

Syria's defence minister announced a ceasefire in Suweida on Tuesday morning, saying an agreement had been reached with local dignitaries for security forces to deploy there. However, one Druze spiritual leader urged local fighters to resist.

Later, Israel's prime minister said he had ordered strikes on forces and weapons in the Suweida area because the government "intended to use [them] against the Druze".

Benjamin Netanyahu said he was committed to preventing harm to the Druze in Syria because of their deep ties to those living in Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.

This is the first time that Syrian government forces have been deployed to Suweida since Islamist-led rebel forces overthrew President Bashar al-Assad in December.

Minority communities are suspicious of the country's new leaders despite their pledges to protect them, and until now the province of Suweida had remained largely under the control of Druze militias which resisted calls to join the government's forces.

More than 150 farms in England caught using local water illegally

16 July 2025 at 07:01
Getty Images A drone view of a spray of water from farm irrigation machinery across a dry field planted with crops. An arch of a rainbow crosses the water as the light hits.Getty Images
Farmers often need high volumes of water abstracted from nearby rivers to keep their crops irrigated

More than 150 farms in England have been caught illegally taking too much water from rivers, lakes and underground sources, a BBC analysis reveals.

Since mid-2022 there have been nearly 200 breaches of permits allowing farmers to use water from local sources, according to Environment Agency data obtained through a freedom of information request.

Of these incidents, 141 threatened environmental damage - but just one farmer has been prosecuted.

The Environment Agency said in response that it carried out 3,000 licence inspections each year, with prosecution a "last option for persistent offenders".

Getty Images On a bright spring day, a clear chalk stream runs through the countryside, shaded by bushes growing on the grassy riverbanks. In the distance lies a field bathed in sunlight.Getty Images
England's internationally important chalk streams are particularly vulnerable if too much water is taken from them

River campaigners said the breaches of so-called abstraction licenses were "the tip of the iceberg" and England's current enforcement system had "no deterrent effect".

The violations date from the beginning of the record-breaking hot spell of 2022, which put pressure on water supply, to this spring, which has been the UK's sixth driest spring since records began in 1836.

The National Farmers' Union (NFU) has been approached for comment by the BBC.

In England, water is abstracted by water companies for public supply, by industry and for use in electricity generation, such as power station cooling.

But agriculture often needs large volumes from local sources for irrigation, particularly for water-intensive crops like potatoes in prolonged dry spells.

Over-abstraction of water, particularly during a drought, can severely impact river levels and adversely affect fish and other wildlife and their habitats as well as intensify pollution levels.

Under the Water Resources Act 1991, the licensing system is in place to control how much water is taken and a licence is needed by anyone taking more than 20,000 litres a day.

'No deterrent effect'

The Environment Agency inspects and monitors farms for any licence breach, which can be a prosecutable offence.

Using a request under the Environmental Information Regulations (EIR), BBC News found that, of the 199 breaches committed by 154 farms between 2022 and June this year, 141 incidents were category one, two or three breaches, all classed as having a foreseeable impact on "human health, quality of life or the environment".

But only one farmer was prosecuted and one was given a fine as a civil sanction while 137 were simply given warnings or advice and no action was taken against three.

There are currently 12 ongoing investigations.

Ten farms breached their licences during the first five months of this year.

A further four farms were found to be abstracting water without the necessary licence at all.

The figures come after a report last week by green watchdog The Office for Environmental Protection (OEP) found that some licence-holders would only be inspected once in 20 years and, in 2023/24, 84% of licences were not being inspected.

Dr Justin Neal, from the river campaign group Wildfish, said the number of farm over-abstractors uncovered was "the tip of the iceberg".

"With a minimal risk of being caught and few prosecutions, there is absolutely no deterrent effect.

"That means taking too much water is now an acceptable occupational risk," he explained.

He added that the exemption that allows farmers to take up to 20,000 litres a day without a licence meant no-one could be sure how much water was being abstracted by farms across England.

Wildfish is now calling for more inspections and a new enforcement strategy with less focus on advice and greater use of "suitable sanctions" for those who break the law.

'Proportionate approach'

The Environment Agency said it would be improving inspections using technology such as satellite monitoring to detect how much water is being put on fields and crops, and making better use of intelligence to identify the highest risk abstraction.

A spokeswoman for the Agency said that it took its role as a regulator of how the country's water resources are used "extremely seriously".

"If sites are found to breach their abstraction licence, we take an advice-led and proportionate approach with prosecution as a last option for persistent offenders," she added.

Last month, the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) announced the number of farm inspections would increase to 6,000 a year by 2029.

In June, the Environment Agency also published its five-year National Framework for Water Resources, which sets how water companies, farms, businesses and the public should best manage water usage into the future.

It set out plans to make all water abstraction environmentally sustainable, with particularly sensitive areas, such as chalk streams, given greater protection.

It recognised the impact of water shortages on food production but said it would work with farmers to identify how they can become more resilient by sharing water resources and building jointly-owned reservoirs.

Club Drugs Strain Health System on Ibiza, Spain’s Party Island

16 July 2025 at 13:00
Drug-related calls from nightclubs are driving Ibiza’s ambulance services to collapse, health workers say. It’s the latest example of tensions in Europe over tourism.

© Zowy Voeten/Getty Images

The Pacha nightclub in Ibiza, Spain, in 2022. The island is an engine of Spain’s tourism industry, with 3.3 million visitors last year.

从践行者到贡献者,正泰如何实现绿色发展与社会价值共赢|2025年度CSR观察案例⑦

正泰集团聚焦绿色能源、智能电气和智慧低碳等核心业务,不断创造绿色新产品、新业态、新模式,致力于为行业、为社会贡献“正泰力量”。

南方周末中国企业社会责任研究中心

责任编辑:邹力

近年来,全球经济发展的不确定性愈加明显。一方面,世界经济增长动能不足,单边主义、保护主义加剧,多边贸易体制受阻,关税壁垒增多,冲击全球产业链供应链稳定,对国际经济循环造成阻碍;另一方面,人工智能、大数据、物联网等技术的突破正加速重构全球产业链供应链。

在诸多不确定性中,正泰集团股份有限公司(以下简称“正泰”)认为,绿色化、数字化、智能化始终是三大确定性趋势。

2025年1月18日,正泰集团及旗下正泰电气、正泰电器、正泰新能、正泰安能、正泰电源等产业首席可持续发展官共同发布了“正泰集团2030可持续发展战略”。该战略构建了EMPOWER战略模型,设定了包含“气候变化、可持续产品管治、清洁技术机遇”等八大关键行动目标及路径。

这份关于可持续发展的纲领性文件,既彰显了正泰对绿色发展的笃定,也代表了正泰对创造共享价值的探索。

图/正泰集团2030可持续发展战略结构图

绿色发展践行者

作为全球知名的智慧能源系统解决方案提供商,正泰的业务与能源行业的发展与转型紧密相连。

在全球经济绿色转型的背景下,如何通过科技创新提升能源利用效率,创造全新的可持续商业模式,撬动更大范围的低碳转型,是正泰在新时代面临的重大发展课题。

为积极响应国家“双碳”战略,2023年,正泰联合国际咨询公司科尔尼发布了《正泰电器碳中和白皮书》,并向社会公开了“零碳目标”:2028年实现运营碳中和(有碳抵消);2035年实现运营净零碳排放,并建立完善的价值链碳排放管理体系;2050年全价值链实现净零碳排放。

图/正泰电器“零碳宣言”及实现路径

目标既定,正泰的绿色发展步伐逐步加快。从绿色制造、绿色产品到供应链的绿色转型,正泰已经取得了亮眼的成果。

在绿色制造方面,正泰电器坚持绿色发展理念,积极开展产品碳足迹、EPD环境产品声明、零碳工厂、碳中和工厂、绿色供应链等认证,同时荣获“国家级绿色工厂”“绿色设计产品”“绿色供应链”“绿色设计产品示范企业”称号;正泰温州大桥园区、智能工控园区、量测园区、上海诺雅克园区、物联技术五大园区均获得了2024年度组织碳中和及零碳工厂认证双证书,该证书由权威第三方检测认证机构莱茵技术(TÜV Rheinland)颁发。

在绿色产品方面,正泰从产品“全生命周期低碳”角度出发,在产品研发、生产、销售、售后等过程,通过加大可再生能源使用比例、能效管理、技术创新、废弃物再利用、绿色包装使用等措施,不断研发设计低碳环保智能新产品,如“正泰10kV~750kV天然酯绝缘油变压器”。该变压器顺利通过第三方权威机构检测认证,已在澳大利亚、英国、葡萄牙、厄尔多瓜、中国等顺利投入项目使用。据评估,天然酯绝缘油的全生命周期碳排放仅约为矿物油的2%,且可生物降解更加环保。

图/正泰绿色产品应用

除自身践行绿色发展,正泰非常重视供应链的绿色低碳转型。然而,正泰采购品类较多、供应商数量较大、地理范围广,供应商减碳意识及碳管理水平也参差不齐。这迫切需要作为“链主”企业的正泰发挥价值链影响力,对供应商进行赋能。

首先,定目标。正泰为供应商制定了科学的减碳目标,分别是:1)2030年,85%供应商纳入可持续采购管理体系、90%主要供应商通过可持续发展评估与认证、100%主要供应商签署并完成减碳承诺;2)2035年,建立完善的供应商碳排放管理体系;3)2050年,所有供应商实现净零碳排放。

其次,建体系。2024年,正泰电器着手建立供应商绿色低碳评价标准体系,通过对供应商的绿色低碳能力进行系统评估,绘制供应商绿色低碳能力分布地图,直观展示了供应商在绿色低碳管理、产品环保性能、生产工艺优化等方面的能力分布情况。

第三,搭平台。立足以技术赋能供应商减碳,正泰搭建了与主要供应商信息数据实时交互的采购云平台,建立供应商碳数据管理数据库。

第四,强赋能。正泰通过供应商大会、知识培训、现场指导等方式,不断提高供应商绿色意识,提高供应商可再生能源占比,持续赋能供应商可持续能力建设。同时,积极推动供应商开展减碳承诺,推动供应商可持续相关认证。

绿色变革催化者

经济社会发展全面绿色转型是一项系统工程,需要政府部门、商业机构、社会组织、媒体、消费者等各个市场主体的共同参与和相互协作,以实现绿色转型在政策制度、市场机构、技术创新、消费认知等方面的有效衔接,从而激发更大的绿色转型创新活力。

作为绿色低碳发展的“探索者、倡导者和实践者”,正泰用40余年时间完成了从低压电器工厂到全球知名智慧能源系统解决方案提供商的蜕变。面向未来,正泰立足智慧能源系统解决方案提供商这一定位,希望以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生能源领域新产业、新模式、新动能,助力全球能源转型。

正泰聚焦绿色能源、智能电气和智慧低碳等核心业务,以“源网荷储一体化” 为核心抓手,重构了电力和能源生态,形成了“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”系统服务能力,以此撬动更广泛的绿色变革。

表:正泰“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”服务能力

针对电力、工业、交通和建筑这四个碳排放占比最大的行业,正泰已推出几十项行业碳减排解决方案。正泰希望通过帮助客户减少碳排放,成为中国“双碳”战略目标实现的贡献者和推动者。

图:交通行业碳减排路径及正泰解决方案

以正泰光伏路灯数智化建设解决方案为例。该方案结合正泰智慧灯杆技术,发挥正泰在绿色能源、智能电气、智慧低碳城市产业群优势,提供“低碳+智慧+景观亮化”路灯建设创新模式。方案由太阳能电池板组件、200+高光效LED灯具、杆体及造型、蓄电池、物联网控制器,并搭配正泰自研“云端一体”智慧灯杆云平台,可实现实时数据监测和策略调整,保障路灯长期稳定工作,特别适合乡村道路、生态景区、离岸孤岛、荒漠公路等场景使用。2024年,正泰对对义乌城区约4.8万盏路灯进行了节能改造智慧化升级。项目实施后,整体光效提升了20%以上,道路照明均匀度提升了10%以上,极大提升了城市的照明体验。此外,项目可以节约年用电约2051万度(折合标煤约6265吨),年减少当量二氧化碳排放约15413吨。

综合价值创造者

在赋能行业之外,如何放大能源的综合价值,也是正泰一直在探索的社会责任课题。

正泰是中国最早规模化布局户用光伏产业的企业之一。自2006年进入新能源行业以来,正泰已经构建了包括光伏系统核心产品智能制造、电站开发投资EPC建设、储能及电气系统配套建设、新能源资产运维等在内的绿色产业链,能够为客户提供从产品设计、生产到运维的一站式清洁能源解决方案。

依托产业优势,正泰积极探索“光伏富民”“光伏+”等“锦绣风光”新能源发展模式。

“光伏富民”产业模式。正泰积极响应国家“整县推进”“千乡万村沐光行动”等政策号召,针对农村缺电、农民增收难问题,利用农村空间大、屋顶有效空间等优势,大力发展“光伏富民”产业模式。截至2024年底,正泰户用光伏服务终端用户已突破160万户,每年为农村家庭户均增收1000-3000元,为农村提供就业岗位20万余个,持续助力乡村振兴和零碳乡村建设。

图/正泰“光伏富民”项目

“光伏+”产业发展模式。正泰因地制宜,提供适应需求的创新解决方案,创新发展沙光互补、渔光互补、农林光互补等“光伏+”产业模式,将经济、社会和环境三效益统一融合,构建协同共赢的发展格局。如:将“滩涂围垦地+五水共治”泥浆消纳场建设成高效农业种植基地;以“三产融合,三位一体”发展理念建设华东地区大规模中草药种植基地。

“光伏+”环境治理模式。正泰结合治沙、护林、护坡、治水等生态理念,因地制宜创新推出“光伏+”环境治理模式,从沙光、农光到“海涂改造+渔光互补”项目,正泰将光伏电站建设与生态环境治理有机结合,实现了生态效益与经济效益的双赢。

以古尔班通古特沙漠项目为例。该项目是国家第二批以沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区为重点的大型新能源项目之一。正泰新能为古尔班通古特沙漠基地华电135万千瓦新能源项目(木垒25万千瓦光伏部分)供货536536块ASTRO N5系列组件,合计313MW,赋能清洁能源基地建设,并于2025年4月1日全容量并网发电。木垒25万千瓦(交流侧装机)光伏项目年均发电量达4.76亿千瓦时,相当于每年节约标准煤约13.85万吨,减少二氧化碳排放37.95万吨。该项目不仅改善当地能源结构,更通过“光伏+治沙”模式,逐步修复脆弱的生态系统。组件阵列有效降低地表风速,减少水分蒸发,为耐旱植物生长创造条件,实现“板上发电、板下修复”的良性循环。

图/木垒25万千瓦光伏项目

将可持续作为基因

创业40年来,正泰以“让电力能源更安全、绿色、便捷、高效”为使命,不断创造绿色新产品、新业态、新模式,在为产业提供智能制造系统整体解决方案的同时,也实现了自身的可持续增长和社会价值。

正泰实践表明,引领行业绿色变革,不断探索产品、技术、方案研发与创新,持续构建利益共享的发展模式,将可持续发展不断转化为企业基因,以实际业务作为基准,在解决社会痛点问题的基础之上,实现可持续发展与业务的深度结合。正泰的实践为追求可持续增长的企业提供了多重借鉴价值。

战略领航。创业40年来,绿色增长、可持续发展是正泰的基因。在新时代创建世界一流企业的背景下,如何将理念转化为系统的行动,则需要系统的思考和完善的顶层设计。2023年,正泰电器发布“零碳宣言”和《碳中和白皮书》;2024年,正泰正式成立可持续发展委员会和可持续发展办公室,建立涵盖决策层、管理层、执行层的三级可持续发展组织架构;2025年,正泰正式发布“正泰集团2030可持续发展战略”。从目标、组织到战略,正泰不断完善可持续发展顶层设计,引领旗下正泰电器、正泰新能、正泰安能、正泰电源等产业公司的可持续发展实践不断向深向实。

创新为要。正泰积极践行新发展理念,发挥自身在绿色低碳产业布局、技术创新、数字化中后台等方面的优势,通过光伏前沿技术、源网荷储一体化等前沿领域的创新突破,以及人工智能、物联网和大数据等新兴科技的融合应用,全力打造电力能源行业新质生产力,激发绿色可持续增长新动能。正泰电器旗下子公司浙江正泰仪器仪表有限责任公司成功入选“2024年浙江省未来工厂”, 工厂建设围绕数字设计、智能制造、信息赋能、智慧物流、绿色低碳等方向开展,在提升运营效率的基础上,不断为社会提供能够有效减碳的绿色产品和绿色解决方案。

业态筑基。在构建“绿源、智网、降荷、新储”系统服务能力的基础上,正泰形成了集“发电、储电、输电、变电、配电、售电、用电”为一体的全产业链优势。依托数字化、物联网等新兴技术,正泰加强与上下游合作伙伴的互动交流,在全价值链上通力合作,以期实现与合作伙伴共同成长。

专家点评

践行与贡献是对正泰可持续发展很好的概括,也是对企业与城市共融共赢的很好诠释。时间是可持续的直观呈现,四十多年发展历程,正泰与中国改革创新同频共振,在社会主义核心价值观中凝练企业价值,从宏观经济体制改革中汲取养分,从绿水青山使命中凝练企业责任。过去四十年,正泰既是ESG的践行者,也是受益者。正泰用行动展现了企业最好的ESG内核,那就是:企业治理、产品创新、市场拓展、资本赋能等等企业的可持续发展议题,必须要以服务国家的可持续愿景、城市的可持续发展以及人民的幸福感获得感认同感为中心使命。

2025年,全球可持续发展目标行动(SDGs)第10年,地区发展不平衡加剧,地缘政治等严重影响可持续发展目标实现,全球可持续发展充满挑战。同时,市场经历了从规则响应到行业治理的ESG1.0阶段,迎来了ESG2.0时代,更多的ESG场景需要持续呈现,更多的可持续供应链关系在重新定义和确立。正泰作为行业佼佼者,需要有更大的格局,更高的维度,更远的目光,更强的行动。首先要做ESG企业标杆,从标准到行动,以ESG塑造企业品牌和市场;其次要做行业标杆,带动供应链伙伴共同实现转型升级,“大家好才是真的好”;最后要服务大局,正泰要积极融入国家战略,争取国家项目,承接国家创新平台,为国家和城市发展持续注入更多“正能量”。

——张亚龙

深圳可持续发展研究会执行会长

南方周末中国企业社会责任研究中心智库专家


正泰集团股份有限公司始创于1984年,是全球知名的智慧能源系统解决方案提供商。创立四十余年来,正泰深入践行“产业化、科技化、国际化、数字化、平台化”战略举措,形成了“绿色能源、智能电气、智慧低碳”三大板块和“正泰国际、科创孵化”两大平台;业务遍及140多个国家和地区,全球员工5万余名,连续二十余年上榜中国企业 500强。旗下正泰电器为中国首家以低压电器为主营业务的A股上市公司。

校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

Senate Advances Trump Clawback of Foreign Aid and Public Broadcast Funds

16 July 2025 at 13:45
The vote to take up legislation to rescind $9 billion in congressionally approved funds suggested that Republicans would bow to the president’s wishes in the simmering fight over spending powers.

© Eric Lee/The New York Times

Many Republicans initially balked at slashing $1.1 billion for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which funds more than 1,500 public television and radio stations across the country, including NPR and PBS stations.

接私活被投诉到公司了有什么风险

By: nathadai
16 July 2025 at 08:39
nathadai:

遇到一个有国企的全职工作的平面设计师接私活(赚外快)做室内设计,前期落地效果很不好(配色搭配得很不合理),而且她没法做到随叫随到。我只支付了预付款,后期部分不想叫她做了(目前做了 50%),现在向我暴力追讨尾款。我可以以国企的公司制度投诉到他们单位的纪委,会有公司的规章制度约束她吗?(纯粹想恶心她)

老哥们评价下两位同事的做法哪个更好,小弟想学习一下。

By: XJohn
15 July 2025 at 18:49
XJohn:

我是一名程序员,长期久坐办公确实让人吃不消。办公室里陆续有人买了升降桌,但不少人用一段时间后觉得不常使用又占地方,就挂二手卖掉了。不过我自己买的那款用得还不错,已经用了好几年(新的价格 1000 ,二手价格 300 )。

最近部门新来了一位组长,是我的直属领导。他身材高大,最近也嘀咕说可能需要一个升降桌。这时,部门里有两位同事采取了不同的做法:

同事甲:他立刻上二手平台淘到了一个同款升降桌,然后联系组长说:“之前有位同事离职,他的升降桌闲置没人带走。正好给您用吧?”

同事乙:他联系组长说:“升降桌这东西,好多人买来觉得不顺手就卖了。不过我这台用着感觉还行,要不您先试试看?好用的话您再决定买不买。”说完就把自己的桌子搬给了领导。想着几天后看领导试用后没提意见,就自己再买个同款用。

大家觉得,这两种方式哪个更好?

山姆会员店现在连盼盼、好丽友都上架了?这会员费交得值吗?

15 July 2025 at 18:23
smallbeac008:

作为山姆会员,每年交 260 元的会费,图的就是差异化选品、高性价比、独家商品,结果现在连普通超市的货都拿来充数?改个英文名( PANPAN )就高端了?那我还不如去楼下超市买,何必花这个会员费?

(质疑会员价值) 山姆的核心竞争力不应该是精选优质、高性价比、会员专属的商品吗?现在这样疯狂上架大众品牌,会员权益是不是在缩水?还是说山姆觉得会员的钱太好赚了,随便塞点普通货就能糊弄过去?

求建议:要不要买游戏本

By: xujdan
15 July 2025 at 12:34
xujdan: 工作一坤年多了,转正后就自己组装了 4070MATX 主机,考虑到回老家当时还买了个能放在行李箱上的机箱包,每年回老家都是拖着主机回去。虽然每年回家次数就那么几次,但是每次回去都要带主机越来越觉得有点麻烦。之前研究过远程串流,但是在深圳没有公网 IP 就放弃了。现在想到的是买个二手的 4070 游戏本回老家时带回去玩,这样是不是最优解?

大龄程序员没活路了

By: rqzrqh
15 July 2025 at 11:50
rqzrqh: 年初小厂裁员,赔了 n+1 ,现在 37 岁,中间打了波酱油( 5 月份被去炒股了)导致现在还没找到工作。工作转型(工作 6 年时从嵌入式转互联网和区块链)+大厂裁员导致没机会上 P8 。今天在 boss 上对一个岗位发了一个沟通请求,直接告诉我年龄超了。我淦,好歹也是主导过各种大型项目,实力全面,居然落得个如此下场,早知道老实做嵌入式了还能轻松熬到 50 岁。现在只能在家混日子,大 A 买好的金融产品,炒币炒美股,钱能省则省,搞搞兼职,学习新技术,健身,学英语。

观 大货车硬钢 帖子有感,评论区都在骂电动车,难道电动车没路权?

By: connor123
15 July 2025 at 11:09
connor123:

看了帖子 https://v2ex.com/t/1145200 的评论区,都在骂电动车?

我昨晚刚被车撞,开电动车,绿灯直行,走的非机动车道,被右转的 SUV 撞飞了,看到你们这帮评论区骂电驴的,我更不爽了,都在骂电动车。

我的案件,交警判对面全责。

但是就我看到的评论区,按各位的意思,真就电动车不配出门了呗?

下班后的咖啡

By: dimlau
16 July 2025 at 12:15

我的爱喝咖啡,到了一种很不挑剔的地步。尤其是去逛其他咖啡馆,不作为咖啡师而是作为顾客,每一杯咖啡对我来说,都挺好喝。就算是自己店里选品时做大量杯测的时候,不论什么价格的咖啡豆,首先浮现在我脑海里的话往往都是「还不错」,然后才是「不过」……

这和我这么多年喝了太多太多咖啡,对咖啡风味表现的宽容度提高不无关系。但是可以负责任地说,对咖啡品质的要求其实并没有降低。每年选品经手至少四五十支咖啡豆,但能长期留在店里供应的却始终不算太多,原因正在于此。那么所谓对品质的要求,要拿什么作依据呢——毕竟「还不错」可不是什么客观指标。

一方面,作为咖啡师,保持自己的感官敏锐肯定是必要的,要学会用客观专业的评价体系来给咖啡豆做一番评价。另一方面,我始终觉得,咖啡馆不必千篇一律,不必都像对待咖啡比赛评委一样对待顾客。在专业评价体系之上,我还喜欢用另一番更有定格咖啡馆特质的方式再做一番筛选。

这些年来,店里的工作算得上越来越忙,除了做咖啡、招待顾客之外,我还要烘焙咖啡豆、做杯测、线下兴趣课、洗杯子、浇花种树翻土除虫、各种清洁整理……所以几乎每天下班后,我都会再喝上一杯咖啡。这一杯咖啡是一天工作的总结,或者是对自己工作的一种奖励。奇妙的是,疲惫仿佛滤网,滤掉了身体的浮躁,反而让感官变得格外澄澈;除了咖啡领域里通用的「茉莉、柑橘、柠檬、莓果、可可……」我似乎能喝到夜空的深邃,星辰的喜悦,晚风的凉爽,街灯的温暖。我想每家店都有独特的性格和想要传达的情感,作为一家慢吞吞开了十五六年的咖啡馆,这种「下班后的咖啡」所能带来的感受,正是我想要分享的。它超越产地,无关评分,只是纷繁世界的角落里的一份安宁与慰藉。

fin.

Republicans in Congress Shift to Backing Ukraine, Matching Trump’s Reversal

16 July 2025 at 09:22
After years pressing to end U.S. aid to Ukraine, many Republicans have abandoned that position now that President Trump is supporting the country against Russian aggression.

© Eric Lee/The New York Times

Representative Derrick Van Orden, Republican of Wisconsin, previously opposed aid to Ukraine but has voiced support for the president’s latest plan to send it weapons.
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