The Great Barrier Reef is headed for a "grim future" and will suffer a "rapid coral decline" by 2050 but parts may recover if global warming is kept below 2C, a new study has found.

Researchers at the University of Queensland (UQ) used modelling to simulate the lifecycles of certain coral species and found that some were better at adapting to warmer oceans and could help new coral grow.

Reefs near cooler-water currents were also more resilient, giving a "glimmer of hope" to the natural wonder, which has suffered severe climate-induced heat stress in recent years.

The study warned that curbing carbon emissions was crucial to allow coral to recover and avoid a "near collapse" of the reef.

Dr Yves-Marie Bozec, who led the research, said the modelling of more than 3,800 individual reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef looked at their "eco-evolutionary dynamics". This included how corals interact with each other, how they deal with warmer water and corals in naturally cooler areas.

"We ran all of those factors with the most up-to-date climate projections - and the news was not good," he said.

"We forecast a rapid coral decline before the middle of this century regardless of the emissions scenario."

The Great Barrier Reef is one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems, stretching more than 2,300km (1,400 miles) off Australia's north-east coast.

It has suffered four significant marine heatwaves between 2016 and 2022, causing much of its coral to expel the algae which gives them life and colour - a process called bleaching, which is often fatal.

A recent report found that parts of the Great Barrier Reef had suffered the largest annual decline in coral cover since records began nearly 40 years ago.

Dr Bozec said some parts of the reef "may partially recover after 2050, but only if ocean warming is sufficiently slow to allow natural adaptation to keep pace with temperature changes".

"Adaptation may keep pace if global warming does not exceed two degrees by 2100. For that to happen, more action is needed globally to reduce carbon emissions which are driving climate change."

Dr Bozec said: "The window for meaningful action is closing rapidly but it hasn't shut".

Under the Paris agreement, almost 200 nations have pledged to limit global temperature rises to 1.5C and to keep them "well below" 2C above those recorded in pre-industrial times, generally considered to mean the late 19th Century.

Prof Peter Mumby, who also worked on the study, said they found "many reefs could persist under the Paris agreement target of two degrees of warming".

"However, higher emissions leading to faster temperature rises would drive most reefs to a near collapse," he said.

Prof Murphy said reefs in areas "where the water doesn't heat up so dramatically because it is well mixed, fared better than others" and reefs close to populations of corals that can regenerate were also healthier.

Identifying areas of the reef network that are more resilient will mean efforts to protect the reef can focus on "strategic parts" of the ecosystem, he added.

Headaches are something almost all of us deal with at some point.

They can last from a couple of minutes to days and the pain can be sharp, dull, throbbing or stabbing and sometimes spread beyond your head to your scalp, face or even your neck.

Dr Xand van Tulleken, who hosts the BBC's What's Up Docs wellness podcast, knows the feeling all too well and says he gets headaches once a month or every six weeks and it "feels like someone's drilling into my eyeball".

While it's easy to panic about what might be behind a bad headache, Dr Katy Munro, a GP and expert at the National Migraine Centre, says it's rarely something serious.

"It's natural to worry that something is seriously wrong, but the chances of that are actually very small," she explains.

She advises that if it's your "first or worst headache, get it checked out by a doctor," but if you're getting a pattern of milder, recurring headaches, there are a few simple things you can try at home as well as seeing your GP.

1. How big was the impact on your day?

Dr Xand says understanding your own headaches can be surprisingly helpful as they often don't have a single cause so keeping a diary can help you spot patterns and triggers.

For some people, weather such as thunder and lightning could trigger it, while for others it might be sensitivity to light.

"The worst time for me is when we're driving in the autumn and the sun is low and the sun is flickering through the trees...it really aggravates," says Dr Munro.

It's worth noting down things like:

• What you were doing when the headache started
• What you ate or drank
• How well you slept
• The weather
• For women, track your menstrual cycle, as headaches can be linked to hormonal changes

But, Dr Munro cautions that you shouldn't overdo it.

"I made the mistake of making mine very detailed, which was depressing. Instead keep it simple and maybe write a number from one to 10 to summarise the impact it had on your day.

"It's also useful to track how many crystal-clear days you have, not just the bad ones.

Your doctor can then review it to help identify patterns.

2. Use caffeine wisely

You might think that caffeine is something you should instantly avoid if you have a headache but Dr Munro says the truth is more nuanced.

In small, careful doses, it can make painkillers more effective if you are not having too much caffeine on a daily basis.

"Caffeine is a co-analgesic which means it can boost the effect of a painkiller," Dr Munro explains, but avoid it in the afternoon and evening as it can disrupt your sleep.

It's worth also thinking about your caffeine consumption more broadly - consuming lots of it every day can cause a caffeine overuse headache and if you suddenly stop, you might get a withdrawal headache.

3. Don't skip meals

What you eat and when may make a difference if you're suffering from headaches.

Dr Munro recommends following a diet similar to the Mediterranean one that is rich in protein, healthy fats and complex carbs which can help stabilise your energy levels.

You should avoid quick-release sugary snacks and definitely don't skip meals as that can be a common trigger.

Dr Munro says she found her headaches were helped by cutting out dairy and gluten, though that's not universal.

"I also found eating regularly and taking lunch to work made a difference," she says.

As well as thinking about food, Dr Munro says regular exercise, good sleep, stress management and staying hydrated can also help reduce headaches.

You should drink enough during the day so your pee is a pale clear colour and you don't feel thirsty.

4. Avoid painkillers with codeine

"There are lots of things, like painkillers or anti-nausea tablets, you can buy over the counter that may be helpful to manage headaches" says Dr Munro.

She cautions that you should avoid "anything containing codeine" as it can make some headaches occur more frequently and can worsen symptoms like nausea.

"Painkillers can work extremely well but it does depend on how severe your headache is.

"If they're becoming more frequent or intense, your GP can help you find a more suitable medication."

Make sure you don't regularly take painkillers on more than two days a week as this will reduce your risk of rebound headaches.

The first series of The Celebrity Traitors is in full swing.

The Traitors have begun their murder spree, as the faithfuls endeavour to uncover them.

Many of us like to think we could handle the pressure of being a Traitor, but which celebrity Traitor are you?

Spoiler alert: the quiz will reveal who the celebrity traitors are.

Enjoyed this quiz? Try testing your memory with our latest weekly quiz, or have a go at something from the archives.

The question "who owns Scotland?" stirs up strong emotions.

This is not just about land. It deals with people, profit - and where power lies.

Scotland is unusual because it has one of the most concentrated patterns of land ownership anywhere in the western world.

Land reformers calculate that 421 individuals, corporations, asset management groups and foreign trusts own more than 40% of all the nation's rural land.

"It's shocking," said Dr Josh Doble, the director of policy and advocacy at Community Land Scotland.

"We are an international anomaly."

Lawmakers have been grappling with this issue for a long time but the pace of change has picked up since devolution in 1999.

The Land Reform (Scotland) Bill is the Scottish government's latest wide-ranging and controversial attempt to tackle the issue.

It aims to make community buy-outs easier, to provide tenants with more information about the management of their land, and to give ministers the power to break up some large estates at the point of sale.

SNP ministers say the law gives a voice to the voiceless, handing communities a greater say over their futures.

Opponents have called it an unworkable and unprecedented assault on private property rights. There has even been talk of "class war".

Sarah-Jane Laing of Scottish Land and Estates, which represents many large landowners, says the provisions within the act are being "driven by ideology".

She claims the Scottish government "want to see fragmentation and break up of estates as an end in itself" - an aim Ms Laing describes as "really damaging for people, jobs and nature".

The debate has its roots in the profit-driven clearances of the 18th and 19th centuries when landowners drove people from their estates to make way for sheep and cattle.

They know all about that in Knoydart in the west Highlands, a rugged peninsula accessible only by boat or a two-day hike.

In the 1850s, hundreds of Highlanders were violently evicted from Knoydart. Many were forced to emigrate to Canada.

It was one of the events which led to a public inquiry into conditions in the Highlands and, in 1886, to Scotland's first major land reform.

The Crofters Holdings Act was enacted by William Gladstone's Liberal government and granted security of tenure to small-scale tenant farmers known as crofters.

These days Knoydart is under community ownership. In 1999 locals bought up much of the land where they lived and worked and they now say the area is thriving.

The peninsula is home to Great Britain's most remote pub, The Old Forge in Inverie, which is run by Stephanie Harris.

She told us that Knoydart had gone from strength to strength over the past 25 years.

"There's lots more people live here, there's lots of kids here now, there's more private businesses and community enterprises going," she explained.

"There's a lot more opportunities and the fact people still want to come here I think is showing that it's working."

Davie Newton was instrumental in much of that change, building and renovating a pub, shop, village hall and more while also helping to run the Knoydart Foundation which manages the land.

He said community ownership had led to the planting of 600,000 trees, the revitalisation of a hydro-electric scheme and the building of many new homes.

"As the community makes decisions over its own future, it gains confidence by making decisions and getting them right, it gains experience by making decisions and getting them wrong," he said.

The new Land Reform Bill aims to make it easier for other communities to follow in Knoydart's footsteps.

But clauses which will hand ministers powers to force the break-up of some big estates are deplored by many landowners and their representatives.

Sarah-Jane Laing said it was not true to say that "big is bad" when it comes to Scottish estates.

"It's almost impossible to deliver some of the peatland restoration, the river restoration - alongside building houses, bringing forward renewables, creating businesses - unless you have scale of ownership," she said.

Scotland's biggest private landowner is the Danish billionaire Anders Povlsen who is well known for his interest in "rewilding".

Ms Laing met us at a more modest but still fairly large landholding – Preston Hall Farm in Midlothian to demonstrate her point – that big can in fact be good.

The 650-hectare estate is home to a range of enterprises, from coffee roasters to picture framers to a pottery studio.

"It's the variety of things that are going on which makes it exciting to manage and run," said the landowner, Will Callander.

"To be blunt, we are not making big sums of money. We're not sitting here driving fast cars and living the high life.

"We live here, we work here, and we want to be surrounded by fun, exciting, happy people."

Mr Callander has concerns about the latest land reform legislation which has already generated some talk of legal action to challenge some of its provisions.

"Certainty is what we need," he said.

The new bill was supported by Labour and the Liberal Democrats but the Conservatives voted against, calling it unworkable and devastating.

The Scottish Greens abstained, saying it fell far short of what Scotland needed – and accusing the SNP of failing to stand up to landed elites.

Many land reform campaigners agree with the call for more radical reform.

Dr Josh Doble said Scotland had a rural housing crisis, growing inequality, depleted biodiversity and limited economic opportunities for local people.

"All of that stems back to the fact that we have a very small number of people who control what happens in those areas," he argued.

"If we had a much more democratic and equitable way in which land was shared amongst people, we would start to address those issues in an actually meaningful way."

Like many claims in this debate, that is hotly disputed.

Hundreds of years after they began, battles over land reform look set to rage on in 21st century Scotland.