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Today — 17 December 2025Main stream

Doctors start five-day strike as hospitals grapple with flu wave

17 December 2025 at 08:34
PA Media Doctors dressed in outdoor winter clothes hold strike posters - one says, "Pay restoration for doctors"PA Media

Patients are being told to expect disruption as doctors start their five-day strike in England, with NHS bosses saying they are struggling to keep as many services going as they have done in recent walkouts.

NHS England said with a wave of flu placing pressure on hospitals, non-urgent services would be affected by the strike which begins at 07:00 Wednesday.

This is the 14th walkout by resident doctors, the new name for junior doctors, in the long-running pay dispute.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting said the strike had been timed to inflict most damage on the NHS and put patients at risk, but the British Medical Association said it would work with NHS bosses to ensure patient safety.

The strike is being held after the two sides held last-minute talks on Tuesday afternoon.

The talks were described as "constructive" by the government, but not enough progress had been made to call off the strike.

Resident doctors represent nearly half of the doctors working in the NHS. They will walk out of both emergency and non-urgent care with senior doctors drafted in to provide cover.

In the two most recent strikes – in July and November – NHS England said it was able to keep the majority of non-urgent operations and treatments, such as hip and knee replacements, going.

But NHS England said it expected more disruption this time. Concern has also been expressed that hospitals may struggle to discharge patients in time for Christmas as the doctors who are working concentrate on providing strike cover.

Medical director Prof Meghana Pandit said: "These strikes come at an immensely challenging time for the NHS, with record numbers of patients in hospital with flu for this time of year.

"Staff will come together as they always do, going above and beyond to provide safe care for patients and limit disruption.

"But sadly more patients are likely to feel the impact of this round of strikes than in the previous two – and staff who are covering will not get the Christmas break they deserve with their families."

Streeting added: "We have been working right up to today to try and avert these strike actions.

"Everyone knows the period leading up to Christmas and into the New Year are always the busiest for the NHS. With super flu, this year is harder.

"And that double whammy of flu plus strikes means that there is an additional burden now on other NHS staff."

NHS England said GP practices will continue to be open and urgent and emergency care services will be available for those who need them.

But even then there is likely to be some disruption. Cheltenham General Hospital's emergency department is closing for emergencies during the strike - it will remain open for minor injuries - with patients advised to use nearby Gloucestershire Royal Hospital.

NHS England said the public should use 111 online as the first port of call for urgent, but not life-threatening issues during the strike.

Patients who need emergency medical care should continue to use 999 or come forward to A&E as normal, it added.

The strike is going ahead despite a new offer from the government being made last week, which included increasing the number of speciality training posts and covering out-of-pocket expenses like exam fees.

Getting job is 'nightmare'

The speciality training jobs, which resident doctors start in year three of their training after completing medical school, have become highly competitive.

This year 30,000 applicants went for 10,000 jobs – although some of the applicants were doctors from abroad.

Dr Tom Twentyman is one of those who lost out after trying to secure an emergency medicine post. He says finding a job is an "absolute nightmare".

Since then he has been struggling to find work, juggling a handful of locum shifts each month at the same time as applying for more than 40 short-term contracts at hospitals across the country – one of which he now secured.

But this will not count towards his training, so he will now look to reapply next year.

"Some of the job adverts were coming down within two hours of going up after they received 650 applications, which is clearly an enormous number to shortlist," he says.

Chart showing doctor pay rates

On Monday the BMA announced its members had voted to continue with the strike – effectively rejecting the offer in the process – after the union agreed to hold an online poll of members.

BMA resident doctor leader Dr Jack Fletcher described it as a "resounding response" and said the government needed to go further on jobs as well as pay.

Streeting has maintained he will not discuss pay as doctors have received pay rises totalling nearly 30% over the past three years.

The BMA argues that, despite the pay rises, resident doctors' pay is still a fifth lower than it was in 2008, once inflation is taken into account.

Dr Fletcher added: "It is well past the time for ministers to come up with a genuinely long-term plan.

"If they can simply provide a clear route to responsibly raise pay over a number of years and enough genuinely new jobs instead of recycled ones, then there need not be any more strikes for the remainder of this government."

But the BMA said it was committed to ensuring patient safety.

"We will be in close contact with NHS England throughout the strikes to address safety concerns if they arise," the union added.

Timeline: Paul Doyle's journey to causing Liverpool parade horror

17 December 2025 at 08:10
Footage shows Paul Doyle's journey to Liverpool parade

Paul Doyle's loss of temper on the day of the Liverpool parade attack, described by the sentencing judge as "incomprehensible", may never be fully explained.

There seemed little cause for the 54-year-old to feel so aggrieved by the crowds blocking the roads as they celebrated at Liverpool FC's Premier League victory parade on 26 May.

Whatever the reason, he is now serving a sentence of 21 years and six months after pleading guilty to 31 offences including dangerous driving, affray and causing grievous bodily harm with intent.

This is how Doyle's increasing aggression on the roads developed into catastrophe over one afternoon, starting at 12:34 BST when a friend who he had agreed to drive to the parade arrived at his home.

PA Media Liverpool fans during the Premier League winners parade in Liverpool.PA Media
Liverpool fans lined the city's streets to cheer on the players during the team's victory parade

12:34 – Paul Doyle's friend Dave Clark and his family arrive at his home in Croxteth, Liverpool. The Clark family are Liverpool fans and Doyle, an Everton fan, has agreed to drive them into the city centre to watch the parade.

12:41 – Doyle leaves home with Mr Clark and his family. On the "mundane" journey into the city, they speak about house prices, schools, football, cars, their common work in IT and family matters.

He then drops them off on Exchange Street East, where footage showed him driving calmly and following the traffic measures on Dale Street.

CPS A police custody image of Paul Doyle. He has grey hair which is long on top and short at the sides. He is wearing a grey t-shirt and is staring directly at the camera.CPS
Paul Doyle could be heard on his car's own camera swearing and shouting as he mowed down supporters later that afternoon

13:35 – Doyle arrives home after dropping his friends off on Exchange Street East. The court heard that while it did not form part of the dangerous driving charge, he "drove in a markedly more aggressive way" on his way home, jumping lanes and undertaking other vehicles.

14:30 – The victory parade starts at Allerton Maze, in the the south of Liverpool.

17:24 – Doyle sends Mr Clark a message asking "how's it going?" and is told his friend is on Castle Street, close to Dale Street and Water Street.

MerseysidePolice Screen grab taken from video footage issued by Merseyside Police dated 26/05/25 of Paul Doyle's car (top centre) being driven through crowd on Water StreetMerseysidePolice
People could be seen on the bonnet of his car and falling underneath as Doyle accelerated into Water Street

17:29 – Doyle sets off from his house to return to the city centre. He instructs the sat-nav system in his Ford Galaxy car to take him to Castle Street. On the way, he undertakes several cars and runs a red light.

17:40 – The Liverpool FC parade finishes when the buses arrive outside the Liver Building on the waterfront.

17:48 – Mr Clark sends Doyle a message telling him signal is poor. Doyle says he will be at Castle Street in about 10 minutes but does not reply when Mr Clark asks if he wants them to walk anywhere. Mr Clark also tells him he might find the area of Castle Street blocked.

PA Media Police and emergency personnel dealing with a road traffic accident on Water Street near the Liver Building in Liverpool after a car collided with pedestrians during the Premier League winners parade. PA Media
Statements from 78 of Doyle's victims were read to the court during the course of his sentencing

17:54 – Doyle arrives on Dale Street from Byrom Street, having undertaken a series of other vehicles at traffic lights and gone around a roundabout in the wrong lane, coming close to pedestrians who are crossing the road.

He uses his horn and presses on down the road, despite a dense crowd of fans heading back from the waterfront. He drives through a red light at the junction with Stanley Street.

17:58 – A man walking with his child, who has not been identified, becomes concerned about Doyle's driving and places his foot on the bumper of the Ford Galaxy as he moves his child out of the way. He points at Doyle, who responds by shouting: "It's a [expletive] road."

After this interaction, Doyle continues to drive in the direction of the increasingly worried crowd, some of whom bang on his car roof.

He blasts his car horn and shouts further obscenities. Adults jump out of his way and children are pulled from his path.

Reuters Police officers work at the scene after an incident where a car ploughed into a crowd of Liverpool fans during a paradeReuters
Doyle hit more than 100 people that day in the space of a few minutes

He initially stops ahead of traffic cones put in place to divert traffic away from Water Street, which is full of fans, but then steers into the left lane.

The first person he hits is Jack Trotter, 23, who attempts to get out of the way but suffers an injury to his leg. He then drives into a group of people who are thrown onto his bonnet. He hits another group of people and then drives into a 10-year-old girl, before shouting "[Expletive] move".

He carries on down Water Street, striking more people, including Jacqueline McClaren, 60, and paramedic Jay Vernon, 34. He reverses and collides with an ambulance.

Doyle stops for a short time and fans surround his vehicle. One, ex soldier Dan Barr, opens the rear passenger door and gets into the car.

Paul Doyle told police his actions "ruined so many people's lives" as he was arrested

Doyle then accelerates again, hitting Simon Nash, who is thrown into the air. Driving sharply to the right, he hits Sheree Aldridge and the pram she is pushing, carrying six-month-old baby Teddy Eveson.

The pram, with Teddy in, is thrown into the air but the baby is uninjured. Ms Aldridge suffers a serious injury to her left thigh.

From the back of the car, Mr Barr leans forward and holds the automatic gear selector in park mode. Doyle continues to try and accelerate but eventually the car, with four people underneath it, comes to a stop.

18:01 – Doyle is dragged from his vehicle and quickly shielded from the crowd by police officers. In the two minutes since he drove into the crowd, 134 people have been hit.

Doyle pleaded not guilty to 31 charges when he appeared at Liverpool Crown Court on 4 September, with a trial scheduled for November.

Jurors were sworn in on 25 November but he changed his pleas the following day as the prosecution prepared to open its case.

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Trump orders blockade of sanctioned oil tankers in and out of Venezuela

17 December 2025 at 09:01
BBC Breaking NewsBBC

US President Donald Trump has said he is ordering a "a total and complete" blockade of all sanctioned oil tankers going into and out of Venezuela.

In a post on Truth Social, he accused Venezuela of stealing US assets, such as oil and land, and of "Terrorism, Drug Smuggling, and Human Trafficking".

"Therefore, today, I am ordering A TOTAL AND COMPLETE BLOCKADE OF ALL SANCTIONED OIL TANKERS going into, and out of, Venezuela," he added.

His post came a week after the US seized an oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela – a move that marked a sharp escalation Washington's pressure campaign against Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro's government.

In the post, the US president said Venezuela was "completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever assembled in the History of South America".

He added that it will "only get bigger" and "be like nothing they have ever seen before".

Trump also accused Maduro's government of using stolen oil to "finance themselves, Drug Terrorism, Human Trafficking, Murder, and Kidnapping".

Venezuela has not yet responded to Trump's latest remarks.

The Trump administration has repeatedly accused Venezuela of drug smuggling and since September the US military has killed at least 90 people in strikes on boats it has alleged were carrying fentanyl and other illegal drugs to the US.

In recent months, the US has also moved warships into the region.

Venezuela - home to some of the world's largest proven oil reserves - has, in turn, accused Washington of seeking to steal its resources.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

Rob and Michele Reiner's son Nick charged with murder in parents' deaths

17 December 2025 at 09:00
Watch: Prosecutor announces charges against Nick Reiner in parents' deaths

Prosecutors in Los Angeles have filed murder charges against a son of Rob and Michele Reiner, the Hollywood couple who were found dead in their home with multiple stab wounds on Sunday.

Nick Reiner, 32, is facing two counts of first-degree murder and could be sentenced to life in prison if found guilty. He will be brought to court to formally face charges after he is "medically-cleared" by prison officials, District Attorney Nathan Hochman said.

During a news conference on Tuesday, Mr Hochman also said no decision had yet been made about whether to seek the death penalty.

Rob Reiner directed several iconic films in a variety of genres, including This is Spinal Tap, Misery and A Few Good Men.

Michele Singer Reiner was an actress, photographer and producer, and the founder of Reiner Light, a photography agency and production company.

Their son Nick Reiner is facing two counts of first degree murder, "with a special circumstance of multiple murders," according to Hochman. That enhancement could lead to a stiffer sentence if he is later found guilty.

District Attorney Hochman said he also is accused of using a "dangerous and deadly weapon, that being a knife".

The suspect is currently undergoing medical testing to ensure that he can attend court. He is expected to appear before a judge later on Tuesday for an arraignment hearing, where he will be able to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.

LA Police Department Chief Jim McDonnell also spoke during the news conference, describing how the case has reverberated throughout the city.

"This case is heartbreaking and deeply personal, not only for the Reiner family and their loved ones, but for the entire city," he said.

"We extend our deepest condolences to everyone affected by this tragedy."

Getty Images Rob Reiner, Michele Singer, Romy Reiner, Nick Reiner, Maria Gilfillan and Jake Reiner at "Spinal Tap II: The End Continues" Los Angeles Premiere held at The Egyptian Theatre on September 09, 2025 in Los Angeles, California. (Getty Images
Nick Reiner (right) is accused of killing his two parents

During the news conference, officials declined to say how the suspect was located, attributing his arrest to "good, solid police work".

District Attorney Hochman added that it is too early to say whether any "mental illness" played a role in the crime, and speculated that it could come up at trial.

"If there is evidence of mental illness, it will appear in court, in whatever details the defence seeks to present," he said.

Timothée Chalamet: Susan Boyle is one of the all-time great Brits

17 December 2025 at 08:21
Reuters Timothee Chalamet attends a special screening of the film 'Marty Supreme' in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., December 8, 2025.Reuters
Chalamet is known for his roles in films such as Dune, Wonka and Call Me By Your Name

Hollywood star Timothée Chalamet is compiling his list of five Brits who he considers to be all-time greats.

"Lewis Hamilton, David and Victoria," he begins, referring to the seven-time Formula One champion and the Beckhams.

"Fakemink," he continues, naming the underground London rapper who recently teamed up with EsDeeKid, the anonymous Liverpool drill artist who many have linked to Chalamet.

("No comment," is his reply when pressed on this. "All will be revealed.")

But Chalamet's final pick of someone who demonstrated British greatness comes totally out of left field.

After a long pause and some deep thought, he reveals his answer: "Susan Boyle."

Yes, it turns out that one of the biggest movie stars on the planet is an admirer of the 64-year-old former Britain's Got Talent star, who went on to have two US number one albums.

"She dreamt bigger than all of us," he explains, without any hint of irony.

"Who wasn't moved by that?" he says about the 2009 viral clip of the Scottish singer performing I Dreamed A Dream from Les Misérables on the talent show.

"I remember that like it was yesterday," the actor says. "That was like the advent of YouTube, you know."

Getty Images Former England footballer David Beckham (L) poses next to his wife singer and fashion designer Victoria Beckham (R) with his medal after being appointed as a Knight Bachelor (Knighthood) for services to sport and charity at an investiture ceremony at Windsor Castle on November 4, 2025.Getty Images
Chalamet names the newly knighted Sir David and Victoria Beckham as two of his five great Britons

Chalamet, 29, knows a lot about using social media to advance a career.

The reason he is selecting great Britons, is due to one of the many ways he has found to promote his new 1950s table tennis film, Marty Supreme.

For the last month, he has been presenting jackets bearing the film's title to people he deems as being a great.

Honourees so far include swimmer Michael Phelps, NFL legend Tom Brady and Barcelona's Spanish wonder kid Lamine Yamal.

Now his promotional tour has taken him to London, where he opened a pop-up store and is now sitting in a hotel bar looking out over Hyde Park.

I had asked him which Brits would be worth of receiving a jacket, resulting in the SuBo surprise.

Andrew Yates/AFP via Getty Images Susan Boyle, wearing a red dress with her arms outstretched, sings during the musical "I Dreamed A Dream" at the Royal Theatre in Newcastle in 2012Andrew Yates/AFP via Getty Images
Susan Boyle "dreamt bigger than all of us", says Chalamet

Chalamet's frenetically entertaining performance in Marty Supreme has already landed him best actor nominations at both the Golden Globes and the Critics Choice Awards, and the Oscar race is currently seen as a head-to-head between him and Leonardo DiCaprio.

The film is based on real life post-war table tennis star, Marty Reisman. The semi-fictionalised film version Marty Mauser, however, has some dubious morals, getting involved in a heist and trying to destroy the marriage of his biggest sponsor, who he resents.

Despite his questionable on-screen actions, Chalamet is a big fan of his character.

"You know, when you're in your early twenties, you're an idiot," he laughs. "And this movie, in large part, is about being an idiot in your early twenties.

"And if on top of that, you have a passion that you're singular about, you risk looking foolish in addition to being an idiot."

A24 Timothée Chalamet in Marty SupremeA24
Chalamet stars as table tennis player Marty Mauser in his latest film Marty Supreme

Marty Mauser exudes the same confidence that Chalamet demonstrated while collecting his best actor SAG Award this year for playing Bob Dylan in A Complete Unknown.

During his acceptance speech he pontificated: "I'm really in pursuit of greatness. I know people don't usually talk like that, but I want to be one of the greats," before listing Daniel Day Lewis, Marlon Brando, Viola Davis and Michael Jordan, as actors who inspired him.

I ask where his confidence comes from.

"You know, it ebbs and flows. And I feel like that's kind of what keeps me on my toes," he says, in a far more humble way that he demonstrated on stage at the SAGs, wearing a bright green suit.

"It's my New York mentality insofar as if I'm on a movie or in a social situation, if things are going well, you feel great. And if not, the world's falling apart," he says, becoming far more introspective than I had expected.

"And I think increasingly in my life, like as I approach 30 here in a couple weeks, you want to be more on your feet. You want to grow into yourself. But that is a constant learning process. And it's a huge learning curve. And I try not to be too hard on myself or those around me who are also growing."

Getty Images Timothée Chalamet poses in the press room with the award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role in a Motion Picture for "A Complete Unknown" during the 31st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards at Shrine Auditorium and Expo Hall on February 23, 2025 in Los Angeles, California. Getty Images
At the SAG Awards in February, Chalamet said he wanted to be "one of the greats"

The actor's landmark birthday presents the perfect chance to ask him how he looks back at his twenties, a decade in which he has twice been nominated for best actor at the Oscars, and starred in huge box office hits including Dune and Wonka.

A huge smile comes over his face as he says: "It's been great. You know, it's been awesome.

"I feel like I'm living in a dream. I'm on top of a fancy hotel in London and talking about a film I'm deeply passionate about.

"And, you know, I got to offend somebody from Scotland the second they walked in with my English shirt," he jokes, referencing my barely disguised displeasure at his choice of interview garb.

Chalamet's dedication to roles is part of his success. He spent five years learning to play the guitar to play Bob Dylan; for Marty Supreme he embarked on seven years of table tennis lessons.

"I got approached with this project in 2018. So that basically gave me six, seven years to prepare on and off. In all my downtime, I would train as much as possible," he enthuses.

"I think the responsibility in this movie, like in the Bob Dylan movie, if you were a Dylan fan or a guitar player, that that looks real to you on screen. Similarly here, if you're a ping-pong aficionado, that that looks believable to you."

His dedication included taking his table tennis table into the desert during Dune and it was oompah-loompah ping-pong between takes on Wonka.

And he's already learning skills for film roles way in the future.

"I can't give anything away, but I do have a couple of white rabbits up my sleeve."

Getty Images Gwyneth Paltrow and Timothee Chalamet on the set of "Marty Supreme" on October 16, 2024 in New York City.Getty Images
Marty Supreme also marks Gwyneth Paltrow's first film role for seven years

One thing that is totally clear, is his love of the big screen.

In the same month that Netflix has announced its intention to buy one of the major film studios, Warner Bros, Marty Supreme is a film which will have a wide cinema release and has not been made for any streaming service.

It has been produced by A24, the independent film company behind recent Oscar favourites Moonlight, Past Lives and The Brutalist.

"That is an intense question," Chalamet muses after I ask him if he thinks cinemas will actually survive the length of his career.

"I do think with streaming stuff, there's less incentive for these streaming companies to try to put things in theatres, which is dangerous.

"But equally, I do think cinemas will survive and thrive. And that's not to be a false optimist."

And he wants to play his part.

"I feel like my responsibility as a young actor especially, is less to go, 'Hey, how do we get people to revisit this traditional form?' And rather to go, "Hey, how do we take this traditional form and bring it to people?"

Chalamet sincerely believes that Marty Supreme will, in its own way, help cinemas be saved.

"This is an original film at a time where a lot of original films aren't made.

"And there's no part of me that's a salesman that's saying this, but I've never been more confident in saying, "Hey, if you bring yourself to see this movie, you won't be let down. It's really like a slingshot."

Timothée Chalamet – about to turn 30 and more than ready to channel his inner Susan Boyle and dream his dream.

Marty Supreme is released on Boxing Day.

Essay cheating at universities an 'open secret'

17 December 2025 at 08:04
Getty Images A stock image shows a woman from the chin down wearing a yellow sleeveless top and jeans. She is holding several folders and notepads under her left arm and a phone in her right hand, which she appears to be locking at. She is standing in front of a white textured wall.Getty Images

A BBC investigation has uncovered claims that essay cheating remains widespread at UK universities despite the introduction of a law designed to stop it.

Since April 2022, it has been illegal to provide essays for students in post-16 education in England. But so far there have been no prosecutions.

The BBC has spoken to a former lecturer who describes essay cheating as an "open secret" and to a businessman who claims to have made millions from selling "model answer" essays to university students.

Universities UK, which represents 141 institutions, said there were "severe penalties" for students caught submitting work that was not their own.

One international student said the opportunity to study a master's degree at a British university was a dream come true.

Alia, whose name has been changed to protect her identity, said she and her 20 overseas classmates struggled with writing long essays during their course at the University of Lincoln – and many soon stopped engaging.

"It was both their lack of knowledge in English language and the fact that they did not care for the lesson and were talking to each other or playing on their phones," she said.

According to Alia, many of the students turned to essay-writing companies, which were easy to find online and charged about £20 for 1,000 words.

She was determined to do her own work, but said she was laughed at and called stupid by some classmates who told her: "You are losing sleep, missing your meals and getting so tired – just pay someone."

Alia claimed that by the second module, about a third of her cohort missed every class and "some would just stand behind the class door, submit their presence and leave".

It is not illegal to cheat at university, but since 2022 it has been a criminal offence to provide, arrange or advertise cheating services for financial gain to students taking a qualification at any post-16 educational institution in England.

The BBC found dozens of examples of companies continuing to advertise their essay-writing services to UK students, through their own websites and on social media.

However, both the Crown Prosecution Service and the Department for Education, which have powers to prosecute, told the BBC they had no recorded offences reaching a first hearing in a magistrate's court under the Skills and Post-16 Education Act.

Barclay Littlewood/Humanity University Barclay Littlewood has ginger hair and a beard and wears a light-blue top. A tall green pot plant sits behind his left shoulder.Barclay Littlewood/Humanity University
Barclay Littlewood, pictured in a video for the Humanity University, says his essays are meant to provide a "model answer" for students to work from

Barclay Littlewood, who is from Huddersfield but based in Dubai, says he has made millions from the industry.

Mr Littlewood was working as a barrister when he started writing essays for other people in 2003. His company now claims to use a global network of 3,000 freelance writers – some of whom he says are lecturers – covering topics including law, business and sociology.

He said his prices started at £200, though larger orders for doctorate or masters-level essays could cost "up to £20,000".

When challenged by the BBC, he denied breaking English law, claiming his essays were a "model answer" on which students could base their own work.

Mr Littlewood said he had now developed his own artificial intelligence, drawing on hundreds of thousands of essays written by his company. This meant customers could have a university-level, "guaranteed grade" essay in minutes.

The BBC arranged for Steve Foster, a former lecturer, to mark an essay we generated through Mr Littlewood's tool, claiming to be of a 2:1 degree-grade standard.

Mr Foster taught English language at the International Study Centre, affiliated to the University of Lincoln, for eight years, before lecturing for four years at the university's business school.

He said he could tell the essay was not written by a student because there was no "human touch", but it was of a 2:1 standard and had "no mistakes whatsoever".

The scale of essay cheating was an "open secret" and one of the reasons he left the sector in 2024, Mr Foster said.

On one occasion, he saw a receipt from an essay-writing service fall out of a paper as his colleague marked it.

BBC/Lucy Parry A head-and-shoulders image showing Steve Foster looking directly at the camera. He is semi-bald, with closely cropped white hair. He wears a striped blue and white shirt. He is standing in front of a beige window blind and there are pot-plants on a shelf behind him.BBC/Lucy Parry
Steve Foster says he quit as a lecturer because cheating was rife among students

Mr Foster said he believed cheating was more prevalent among international students because some did not have good enough English language skills.

He described one overseas student scoring 2% in an exam and 99% in an essay.

"When you get that kind of disparity in the marks, it's clear the student has been cheating," he said.

"When you see a student who clearly struggled with the language and they submit an essay which William Shakespeare would have been proud of, then immediately that's going to arouse suspicion."

Mr Foster claimed many teachers "turned a blind eye" to cheating, which had allowed the problem to "snowball".

"Would you want to travel over a bridge that's been designed by one of these students?" he asked. "Would you like to put this accountant in charge of your business's operations?"

In a statement, Universities UK said the Home Office set the level of English required as part of the conditions for student visas.

"All universities have codes of conduct that include severe penalties for students found to be submitting work that is not their own," the statement added.

Universities have become increasingly reliant on higher fees from international students in recent years, as tuition fees from UK students have not kept up with inflation.

Earlier this year, a report warned more than four in 10 universities would soon be in financial difficulty, mostly because of a drop in the number of international students coming to the UK.

In the most recent year of data (2023-24), there were 730,000 non-UK students enrolled at UK universities, making up 25% of the total student population.

The BBC submitted Freedom of Information requests to every university in the UK, asking how many formal academic misconduct investigations into essay cheating had taken place in the academic year ending summer 2024, and how many involved international students.

Of the 53 higher education institutions that provided usable responses, 48 reported that international students were disproportionately represented in academic misconduct investigations.

Penalties for cheating can range from a warning or being awarded zero marks, to suspension or exclusion.

Universities UK declined to comment on the possible reasons for the high proportion of international students being investigated. But one university told the BBC it was likely because many misconduct cases were about poor practice – such as bad referencing – rather than intentional misconduct.

Getty Images A general shot of the University of Lincoln's Alfred Tennyson Building, which is a modern-looking, multi-storey, grey and orange building looking on to an open square.Getty Images
The University of Lincoln said it took "appropriate responses" if it caught students cheating

The University of Lincoln was one of the most extreme examples, with 78% of 387 investigations involving non-UK students, who make up only 22% of the institution's student population.

A spokesperson for the university said academic misconduct was a "sector-wide challenge". Alleged breaches were "thoroughly investigated and addressed through our established processes, with appropriate responses where misconduct is confirmed".

Higher education institutions run essays through programmes such as Turnitin, which are designed to detect plagiarism and false authorship.

Annie Chechitelli, chief product officer at Turnitin, said the rise of AI had made detection and deterrence "more critical than ever".

In more than one in 10 papers reviewed since 2023, Turnitin said its detection tool found AI wrote at least 20% of the material.

Turnitin said essay mills were still popular because of a growing demand for services that evade AI detection - preying on students' fear of being caught.

Eve Alcock, the director of public affairs at the Quality Assurance Agency, which aims to improve standards in higher education, said essay mills remained a "threat to academic integrity across the UK".

She encouraged universities to consider moving away from essay-based assessments in response to the rise of generative AI tools, to allow for more "authentic" assessments.

Alia, who has now finished her course, said she felt disillusioned by her experience.

"I have learned a lot myself, and achieved a lot, but how is the employer going to see the difference between someone like me and these people?" she asked.

"When the grades were released, for most of the modules they got better grades and were laughing at me.

"I am not proud of this degree anymore."

Weight-loss jab ad banned for targeting new mums

17 December 2025 at 08:01
MedExpress A woman looks in the mirror holding her phone, with text saying 'I wish I knew sooner that I could lose post-baby weight with a medicated weight loss treatment from MedExpress'MedExpress
MedExpress's social media advert was banned for targeting new mums

An advert which targeted weight-loss injections at new mums has been banned by the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA).

MedExpress's social media post used a harmful gender stereotype which suggested women should prioritise losing weight soon after giving birth, the ASA said.

The ad was banned along with two by SkinnyJab and CheqUp for irresponsibly exploiting insecurities around body image. All three firms have removed the ads.

It is illegal to advertise prescription-only weight loss drugs to the public. The ASA said the "scale of the problem" was worst now as people feel extra pressure to lose weight as part of New Year resolutions.

MedExpress's video advert on Instagram featured a woman taking a selfie in the mirror with text reading: "I wish I knew sooner that I could lose post-baby weight with a medicated weight loss treatment from MedExpress".

The ASA said it understood the weight-loss medication "carried safety warnings for people who were breast-feeding". It said the advert was "irresponsible" as it "perpetuated pressure for them to conform to body image stereotypes".

MedExpress told the BBC that as a result of the ASA ban, it had "strengthened our internal sign-off processes, introduced additional sensitivity checks, and enhanced advertising governance across all conditions and categories we serve."

Stigma associated with being a certain size

All three adverts appeared on social media platforms including Facebook and TikTok where online sellers seek to gain space in the hugely popular weight-loss jab market which is now worth billions of dollars globally.

CheqUp's Facebook advert featured a woman looking in the mirror with the quote: "I don't want to be skinny, I just don't want to be the biggest person in the room".

Complaints to the ASA said this suggested a stigma associated with being a certain size.

"Furthermore, by showing the model looking into a mirror, the ad emphasised physical appearance rather than health," the ASA said.

CheqUp A picture of CheqUp's advert showing a woman in a grey vest and with a ponytail looking in a mirror. Her quote is in text saying "I don't want to be skinny. I just don't want to be the biggest person in the room".CheqUp
The ASA said this model wasn't necessarily unhealthily overweight

The firm had argued that the advert's text focused on the model not wanting to be "skinny", but rather wanting to get to a healthy weight - but the advertising watchdog disagreed, saying the model was not necessarily unhealthily overweight in the first place.

CheqUp sells prescription-only weight-loss jabs as well as over-the-counter ones, and says it has a three-minute online consultation with a healthcare professional that tests buyers for suitability.

Weight-loss jabs have grown in popularity

A spokesperson for the company said it moved quickly to comply with the ASA, had removed the advert and was fully committed to taking an "ethical approach" to advertising in the health and wellness space.

Weight-loss jabs were originally developed to help patients lose weight to control their diabetes, but soon began to be used for cosmetic purposes. They gained further popularity as celebrities such as Adele, Rebel Wilson, Sharon Osbourne and Tesla-owner Elon Musk were open about the rapid weight loss they've experienced using the jabs.

Meanwhile, SkinnyJab's video of its founder talking about weight loss injections was not an educational and informative resource, as the firm had argued, but was in fact an advert and subject to the ASA's regulations. It said the firm could not promote prescription-only medicines to the public in future by, for example, using the term "SkinnyJab" in marketing material.

The firm said it had removed the advert and was conducting a full review of its branding, terminology and communications.

Learner drivers face 24-week wait as backlog continues for two more years

17 December 2025 at 08:02
Getty Images A driving instructor holds a pen to a clipboard in a car whilst a young woman takes her test in the driving seatGetty Images
The backlog of driving tests grew after the covid-19 lockdown

Learner drivers face months of delays booking practical tests because a backlog will not be cleared until November 2027, a watchdog has warned.

The National Audit Office (NAO) said there was a backlog of 1.1 million tests that were not carried out in the 2020/21 financial year because of the Covid-19 pandemic, and around 360,000 of these had still not been booked.

The average waiting time was 22 weeks in September, but at 70% of test centres the wait has hit 24 weeks – the maximum allowed.

The Department for Transport (DfT) said it was "taking decisive action to address the backlog", including employing military driving examiners.

The Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) had planned to cut waiting times to seven weeks by the end of 2025.

The NAO's inquiry found delays have led to people paying third parties to secure tests, some of whom were "paying significantly inflated prices of up to £500" - nearly eight times the official DVSA fee of £62 for a weekday slot.

It said the DVSA struggled to "understand the real demand for tests" because third party websites quickly book available slots using automated programmes known as bots.

"These delays can have a serious impact on learner drivers' income and the economy, with 30% of respondents to a DVSA survey saying they need to be able to drive for their jobs," the watchdog said.

The NAO also reported a lack of examiners and found many were leaving "due to uncompetitive pay and safety concerns". Despite running 19 recruitment campaigns since 2021, DVSA has only hired 83 extra examiners, far short of its 400 target.

In the 2023/24 financial year, DVSA had a total of 220 staff at its 240 test centres who were qualified examiners.

Shiromi wearing a dark knitted hat and a blue-and-white striped long-sleeve top. She has long brown wavy hair. The blurred background shows shelves with bottles, decorative items, and an arrangement of pink flowers.
Shiromi Gaughan urged the government to "do something about this because it's totally unacceptable"

Learner driver Shiromi Gaughan, a small business owner in London, says she has been trying to book a test for the past eight months since she passed her theory exam two years ago, and felt "sick" when she found out it would cost her £350 for a slot from a third party seller.

She told the BBC: "It's really unfair and I'm extremely frustrated. As a small business owner from London, I've been really struggling over time.

"People like us are just so desperate."

Normally learners must take their practical test within two years of passing the theory test.

She urged the government to "do something about this because it's totally unacceptable".

She added: "I think the government need to review the whole system as they're actually aware of what is happening with the scammers or the third party agencies.

"Now I'm having to retake my theory test and spend more money so I'm extremely disappointed."

Martha has short cropped black afro hair and she is wearing a white, navy and pink top. She is sitting on a sofa and the wall behind her has various ornaments hanging on the wall.
Martha Machiek fears she will not get a test slot before her theory certifcate expires at the end of the month

Learner driver Martha Machiek, a single parent from Stockport, said she is "very stressed" trying to book a driving test slot.

She needs a licence to save time and money taking her children to and from school and football practice.

Ms Machiek says her theory test certificate expires at the end of the month, and if she cannot book a practical test in time, she will have to start over, which she cannot afford.

"The system is not being fair on people like us," she said.

"I don't have money to book another one."

The NAO urged DVSA and the DfT to assess whether there was enough support for learners booking tests and to investigate how to boost the examiner workforce.

Gareth Davies, the head of the NAO, said "decisive action" needed to be taken to fix the delays and improve service.

"The current system for providing driving tests in England, Scotland and Wales is not working satisfactorily, with long waiting times and exploitation of learner drivers by resellers of test slots."

The DfT said it had inherited a system which was "frustrating" and open to abuse, leaving learners waiting weeks for a test.

A spokesperson said the government was "seeing improvement" with the measures it had been taking.

From spring, only learner drivers will be able to book tests and limits will be placed on the number of times they can move or swap a test.

The government said it hopes this will stop third-party companies "exploiting vulnerable learners and make the whole process more transparent".

"The DVSA has already carried out 74,847 extra tests between June and November this year compared to 2024, and these new measures will deliver thousands more extra tests over the next year," the spokesperson added.

US military build-up in Caribbean has shadows of the past - but differences are stark

17 December 2025 at 08:03
Reuters Combat jets line the deck of an aircraft carrier at sea on a sunny day.Reuters
The world's largest aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald Ford, is among the ships which have been deployed to the Caribbean

The escalating tension between the US and Venezuela has led to the biggest military build-up in the Caribbean since the end of the Cold War.

The last time so many US warships and troops were sent to the region was in 1989, when Washington removed Panama's President Manuel Noriega – whom it accused of drug-trafficking – from office.

But the similarities between the two moments are outweighed by their differences.

On 16 December 1989, US Marine Lt Robert Paz was in the back of a Chevrolet Impala making his way to the Marriott Hotel in Panama City for dinner, just as US tensions with the Panamanian strongman were reaching boiling point.

When the car, which was carrying four US military personnel stationed in the country, reached a checkpoint of the Panamanian Defence Forces, six soldiers surrounded the vehicle.

Following an altercation, the Panamanians opened fire as it drove away, killing Paz. His death set in motion the US invasion of Panama four days later, on 20 December.

It remains the last major US incursion on foreign soil in the Americas.

By the end of what Washington dubbed "Operation Just Cause", around 30,000 US troops had been mobilised, and Noriega had been forced from power and whisked to Miami to face trial on drug-smuggling charges.

The UN estimates around 500 Panamanian civilians were killed in the invasion. The US claims it was far fewer, while its critics say it was many more.

Getty Images A young woman in white top, blue jeans and sandals puts a Panamanian national flag on a grave in a neatly kept cemetery.Getty Images
The number of Panamanians killed invasion is disputed

The invasion of Panama was also the last time there was a major US military build-up in the Caribbean on the level we are now seeing in the waters around Venezuela.

The parallels between the two moments are noticeable, but so too are the differences.

Firstly, the similarities. They may be separated by several decades but in each instance, an escalating war of words between Washington and a Latin American strongman after years of enmity led to a major US military deployment in the region.

Both involve allegations by Washington of presidential involvement in drug trafficking which have increased the internal pressure on a beleaguered Latin American leader.

In the cases of both Noriega and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, the US government's core argument is that they and their governments trafficked drugs.

Getty A sad-looking middle-aged man in a tee shirt poses for a mug shot.Getty
Noriega surrendered to US forces in Panama and was taken to the US where he was convicted on charges of drug trafficking

Ultimately, the premise that the opposing president is, in essence, a drug lord has become the justification Washington has provided to the US public for all subsequent steps.

Both nations also have huge strategic importance – in the Panama Canal and Venezuela's vast oil reserves – which raises the stakes considerably.

However, the differences are also stark.

The Cold War and the 21st Century are very different moments, and George HW Bush – who was at the helm in the US in 1989 – and Donald Trump are very different leaders.

Noriega had been a CIA asset for many years and was eventually convicted on some irrefutable evidence which ranged from financial records to the testimony of men who had run drug flights or laundered drug money in Panama for the Medellín Cartel. Even one of the cartel's top leaders fingered Noriega as personally involved the illegal trade.

In the instance of Maduro, the Trump administration makes a direct link between go-fast boats which they have hit with lethal air strikes in the Caribbean and Maduro himself.

Washington's accusation against Maduro is that he heads the Cartel of the Suns, a group which allegedly comprises members and ex-members of the Venezuelan top military brass.

But many drug war analysts question whether the Cartel of the Suns is a formal criminal group or rather a loose alliance of corrupt officials who have enriched themselves from the smuggling of drugs and natural resources via Venezuelan ports.

For their part, Maduro and his administration deny the existence of any such cartel, painting it as an unfounded "narrative" disseminated by Washington to dislodge them from power.

Reuters A moustachioed man in a straw hat addresses an assembly in a hall.Reuters
Nicolás Maduro has been denouncing what he says are US attempts to unseat him

"They have suddenly dusted off something called the Cartel of the Suns," said Venezuela's powerful Interior Minister, Diosdado Cabello. "They've never and will never be able to prove its existence because it doesn't exist. It's an imperialist invention," he said last month.

There is, however, evidence of drug-trafficking within the first family in Venezuela.

Two of Maduro's nephews through marriage were arrested in Haiti in a sting operation by the US Drug Enforcement Administration in 2015.

The children of the sister of Maduro's wife were caught trying to smuggle 800kg of cocaine into the US.

Since known as the "narco-nephews", Francisco Flores de Freitas and Efrain Antonio Campo Flores spent several years in a US prison before being returned to Venezuela in 2022 as part of a prisoner swap under the Biden administration.

The Trump administration has now hit the two alongside a third nephew, Carlos Erik Malpica Flores, with fresh sanctions.

Announcing the sanctions, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said: "Nicolás Maduro and his criminal associates in Venezuela are flooding the United States with drugs that are poisoning the American people."

"Treasury is holding the regime and its circle of cronies and companies accountable for its continued crimes," he added.

"Circle of cronies" sounds like the kind of language Washington used to describe Noriega's government in the 1980s. A US Senate subcommittee report at the time called it "the hemisphere's first narco-kleptocracy".

Fast-forward 36 years and the key plank of the Trump administration's strategy against Maduro hinges on the use of the term "narco-terrorism".

It is controversial because of the broad scope of its legal definition. As early as 1987, the US Department of Justice defined narco-terrorism as "the involvement of terrorist organisations and insurgent groups in drug trafficking" which it noted "has become a problem with international implications".

The issue in the Venezuelan context is the legal basis under international law for Washington's latest actions as it pursues its stated aim of combating "narco-terrorism" in the Americas.

The Trump administration has said it is now engaged in a "non-international armed conflict" with the drug cartels and has justified its strikes on alleged narco-boats in the Caribbean under that definition.

Donald Trump/Truth Social A small boat cuts through ocean waves as seen from above.Donald Trump/Truth Social
On 2 September, US forces attacked a vessel in the Caribbean it said was transporting drugs

The Pentagon argues the vessels are valid targets under the rules of engagement. In recent days, though, serious questions have been raised over a second strike on an alleged drug-boat on 2 September, in which two survivors from an initial strike were killed.

The Trump administration has robustly defended itself against allegations that the second strike amounted to extrajudicial killings. However, the issue has not gone away nor have the calls for video footage of the strike – recently seen by senior lawmakers during a closed-door briefing to members of Congress – to be made public.

After initially suggesting he would have "no problem" with the footage of the follow-up strike being published, Trump said the decision was up to the Secretary of Defence, Pete Hegseth.

So far, the Pentagon has not published the video or the legal advice around the second strike, but the White House insists it was carried out "in accordance with the law of armed conflict".

US-Venezuela tensions continue to escalate and intensify, not least following the seizure by US forces of a tanker filled with Venezuelan crude oil.

Trump has indicated that after the US take control of the airspace and the seas around Venezuela, all that is left is to control the land. Many are holding on to the hope that some kind of negotiated solution may yet be possible – although it is hard to see one which would satisfy both Maduro and the White House.

From examining the lesson of Panama, though, one thing remains clear: while this modern conflict may be less conventional than the invasion of Christmas 1989, the combustible situation in Venezuela has no less potential to be detonated by a single moment – like the killing of Lt Robert Paz in Panama – into something much larger.

有了 Steam Machine,Steam Phone 还会远吗?|硬哲学

By: 马扶摇
17 December 2025 at 10:24

爱范儿关注「明日产品」,硬哲学栏目试图剥离技术和参数的外衣,探求产品设计中人性的本源。

对于硬核 PC 游戏玩家,最大的冒犯不一定是对局结束后的「EZ」,而是在讨论游戏时被提问:

手机能玩吗?

这种深深阻隔在 PC 与手机间的沟壑已经存在了十多年。在欧美国家,游戏市场好歹还有主机的参与,但在主机不怎么流行的国内市场,这种隔阂形成了一条简单的鄙视链:电脑游戏就是比手机游戏强

但隔阂并不是永固的。

无论是为了逐利的游戏开发商,还是为了让更多人玩到自己作品的独立开发者,其实都期望让游戏拓展到更多的平台,以接触到更多的玩家。

▲《动物井》(Animal Well)

这其中也包括目前 PC 上最大的游戏销售平台 Steam,以及它背后的 Valve。

实际上,Valve 的野心远不止于此。上个月刚刚发布的 Steam Machine 三件套虽然仍然以我们熟悉的「主机」形态呈现,但在它的背后,Valve 真正希望的,是让你的手机也能玩上 PC 3A

解放 Windows 的牢笼

和 Steam Deck 一样,Steam Machine 的产品形态虽然是主机,但内部运行的其实是正儿八经的 PC 硬件,与一台 Windows 电脑最主要的区别就是它的系统——基于 Arch Linux 的 SteamOS。

▲ SteamOS 3 on Arch Linux

然而 Windows 几十年积攒下来的地位也不是轻易能够动摇的,用 Linux 玩游戏的最大挑战就是游戏本身不适配。

为了解决这个问题,Valve 很早就做过努力——鼓励开发商在为 Windows 平台开发之余,再单独开发 Linux 版本。然而事实证明,期待游戏开发商为少数用户平台主动做适配,无异于期待广州下雪

▲ 图|How-to Geek

为此,Valve 在给 Steam Deck 开发 Steam OS 时,虽然依旧坚持 Linux 道路,但采取了一种截然不同的思路:

既然开发商不主动适配,那我就开发一套足够好的兼容层,只要游戏体验不打折扣,玩家才不会在乎游戏是在 Windows 还是 Linux 上运行的。

这个「能够让 Linux 玩游戏体验看齐 Windows」的兼容层,就是 Valve 自家开发的 Proton:通过以几乎无损的方式将 Windows 游戏需要的 API「翻译」成 Linux 语言,从而让 Steam 上面已有的游戏可以在 Steam Deck 上运行

▲ 图|Reddit

但 Valve 的计划并不止步于 Steam Deck 和 Linux。本次跟随 Steam Machine 一同发布的 Steam Frame 头显,就是另一次变革的伏笔。

虽然 Steam Frame 的主要功能是作为一个串流式的 VR 头显,但 Valve 真正在测试的,其实是它本地运行游戏的能力。

▲ 图|CNET

和上个月我们看到的 Galaxy VR 头显不同,Valve 没有选择头显常用的骁龙 AR 处理器,而是直接上了一块骁龙 8 Gen 3 ——也就是小米 14 那年使用的处理器——让 Steam Frame 不仅能串流,也能独立用 SteamOS 运行 Windows 游戏。

换句话说:从 Steam Frame 开始,Valve 不仅打通了游戏资源在 Windows 和 Linux 之间的隔阂,更是打通了 x86 平台与 ARM 之间的道路,让 ARM 设备基于 Linux 无缝跑 PC 游戏真正成为了可能

从 x86 原生到 ARM 原生

能够让 Steam Frame 依靠骁龙 8 Gen 3 跑动 PC 游戏的,自然也是一套兼容层技术,只不过没有 Proton 那么出名,它的名字叫做 FEX。

▲ 图|GitHub

为了让 Steam 资源库中那些原本为 x86 平台 Windows 编写的游戏本地运行在 ARM 平台的 SteamOS(Linux)上,需要 Proton 和 FEX 一起发力——这也正是 Steam Frame 在做的。

这个过程可以简化理解为:

  • FEX 首先工作,在 ARM 处理器上搭建一个 x86 的指令环境,从而让 SteamOS 正常启动
  • 进入 SteamOS 之后,再用 Proton 将 Windows 游戏翻译成 Linux 游戏,最终打开游戏并正常游玩

由于 Linux 主要使用的图形 API 是 OpenGL 和 Vulkan,而几乎所有为 Windows 开发的游戏都在使用微软的 DirectX 图形 API,因此 Proton 的主要工作就是把游戏中基于 DirectX 的绘制申请翻译成 Vulkan,再传输给 CPU 和 GPU 以生成画面。

▲《巫师 3》(Witcher 3)

其实类似的「翻译工具」有很多,比如 Proton 所基于的 Wine 也可以做到。但真正让 SteamDeck 作为一款低功耗掌机能够运行原生 Windows 游戏,依靠的不仅是翻译,更是高效的翻译。

而 Proton 能够做到高效翻译 DirectX 和 Vulkan,除了依靠原本 Wine 中既有的 DXVK 之外,还离不开两个由 Valve 主导开发的新标准:VKD3D-Proton,以及 Ntsync。

其中,VKD3D-Proton 的主要作用是将最新的 Direct3D 12 图形 API 翻译成 Vulkan,相当于让 SteamOS 能够运行最近几年新开发的大作,同时还能在 Linux 环境下实现光追、Reflex 和 FSR4 之类的支持,一举多得。

▲ 比如依靠 DX12,Steam Deck 现在支持 Nvidia Reflex 低延迟技术了

而 Ntsync 则堪称是 Linux 玩游戏的杀手锏级别技术,这是一个 Linux 的底层内核驱动,可以以近乎无损的方式实现 Windows NT 同步语义的原生理解——

简单来说,Ntsync 让 Linux 模拟 Windows 环境时候的 CPU 损耗降到了最低,对于那些吃 CPU 的游戏场景(比如密集的人群和植被)提升巨大。

▲《赛博朋克 2077》(Cyberpunk 2077)V 公寓楼下就非常吃 CPU

这样一来,SteamOS 借助 DXVK 翻译旧 API、借助 VKD3D-Proton 高效翻译新 API、借助 Ntsync 将 CPU 损耗降至最低,最终实现了游戏开发者无需主动适配,也能让 SteamDeck 原生跑动 Windows 游戏。

但 SteamDeck 使用的仍然是个桌面级 x86 处理器,但 Steam Frame 使用的却是 ARM 架构的移动端处理器,如何让 Windows 游戏原生在 ARM 环境下运行呢?

▲ Valve 展示的透明版 Steam Frame 原型机|PC Gamer

答案依然是模拟。但仅仅在 Proton 中将 Windows 语言翻译成 Linux 还不够,还需要借助另一个工具将 x86 指令翻译成 ARM 指令,而这个工具就是最近崭露头角的 FEX。

由于 FEX-Emu 翻译的过程更为复杂,其中还涉及到针对 CISC 和 RSIC 指令集的转换、内存顺序优化和库转译等等,因此可以简单理解为 FEX 通过即时编译(JIT)将 x86 指令转换为 ARM 指令,并且转译过程自动化程度更高,适配性和速度相比其他翻译方案都要高效许多

▲ 借助 FEX 在瑞莎星睿 O6(ARM 平台)上运行的《战神 4》|Interfacing Linux

此外,在 FEX 与 Proton 联手运行的时候,FEX 仅仅翻译游戏本身的代码,一旦游戏调用图形 API(如 Vulkan 或 DX12),执行就会跳转到原生的 ARM 代码中。

这就意味着 FEX 模拟 x86 带来的性能损耗仅限于 CPU 部分游戏逻辑,GPU 图形渲染部分几乎是全速运行的,最终让 Steam Frame 仅靠一颗骁龙 8 Gen 3 带动 Windows 游戏成为了可能。

▲ 图|Roads to VR

有趣的是,Steam Frame 不仅能兼容 Steam 上的 Windows 游戏,同时还兼容一些 Android app——都是在基于 Arch Linux 的 SteamOS 里面实现的。用来运行 Android 软件的,实际上也是个类似的兼容层。

这背后的精妙之处在于,尽管 FEX 是一个开源项目,但 Valve 实际上从 2018 年就在默默地为这个项目提供资金和技术支持了。

▲ 图|FOSS

在 TheVerge 对于 SteamOS 架构师 Pierre-Loup Griffais 的一次专访中,他表示:

Valve 从 2016 年开始就在招募和资助开源开发者,以解决 Windows 游戏在 ARM 上运行的问题。Valve 不希望游戏开发者浪费时间去移植游戏,而是希望通过技术手段,让现有的 PC 游戏库直接兼容未来的硬件架构。

而 FEX 就是 Valve 选中的那个「技术手段」:与其让开发者费尽心思地针对不同平台开发,不如使用一套通用工具,让不同平台都能高效理解 Windows 游戏的代码。某种程度上也可以算作是一种「人因工程」了。

Steam Phone 还会远吗?

同样是在 TheVerge 对 Pierre-Loup Griffais 的专访中,在采访的结尾,编辑 Sean Hollister 对 Pierre-Loup Griffais 提出了一个有趣的问题:

未来会有运行 SteamOS 的手机吗?

Pierre-Loup Griffais 的回答则有些模棱两可:

我们确实通过 Steam Link 应用在手机领域做过一些尝试,但我不知道「开发本地内容」或者「为这类设备(手机)开发 SteamOS」是否会成为我们接下来的主要重心。

如果仅从回答来看,Valve 目前对于手机的定位仍然是以串流设备为主,对于开发手机端 SteamOS 甚至原生 Android 内容的兴趣不大。

但正如前面所说:在 Proton 和 FEX-Emu 的加持下,SteamOS 在事实上已经完整具备了在手机硬件上运行并承载 Windows 游戏的一切准备

实际上,现在也已经出现了一些爱好者折腾出来的给手机刷 SteamOS 的案例,只不过由于缺乏底层支持,往往损耗巨大,用来做演示还行,要是真想跑个游戏看看,就等着带上痛苦面具吧。

▲ 图|DualShockers

实际上,作为一家成熟的商业公司,Valve 在面对全球超过 5000 亿美元的智能手机市场时,它们内部一定考虑过将 SteamOS 带到手机载体上的事情。只不过这其中的阻力大概率不是成本,也不是技术,而是一个 PC 玩家非常熟悉的家伙——

反作弊(Anti-cheat)。

事实上,不用说尚不存在的 Steam Phone,就拿 SteamDeck 来说,相当一部分不能正常运行的游戏,本质都是因为内嵌反作弊不能在 SteamOS 的 Linux 环境中运行,而非游戏代码无法翻译。

究其原因,目前的主流反作弊工具比如 BattleEye、EAC、Vanguard 等等都需要在 Windows 的核心层(Ring 0)中加载,而 Proton 作为一个「翻译工具」并不负责模拟内核,导致这些反作弊软件判定环境不安全并拒绝启动游戏。

▲ BattleEye(左)和 EAC(右)|PCGamesN

此外,负责转译 x86 与 ARM 指令的 FEX 工作原理是内存实时编译,这种动态翻译机制在反作弊软件眼里和外挂的逻辑(注入、勾挂、改指令)几乎一模一样,这种影响代码完整性的方式同样会直接触发反作弊软件的报警。

这种同时存在于权限层级不对等(Ring 0 和 Ring 3)、内核环境不受信任、检测机制与转译逻辑的矛盾,除非反作弊厂商主动退让,提供不依赖内核驱动的 Linux/ARM 版本反作弊软件,否则如果仅以目前 Valve 的模拟方案来说,将会是一个无法调和的问题。

▲ 图|Dexerto

面对这种问题,唯一的解法可能就是 Valve 利用其市场地位,推动反作弊厂商针对 Proton + FEX 环境进行特殊的白名单认证,为 Steam Machine、Steam Frame 以及 Steam Phone 做区别对待。

只不过这种方案仅限于那些愿意配合的厂商,对于坚持强内核保护的游戏(如 Riot 旗下的一大堆作品),这条路依然是走不通的。

但「有困难」并不意味着「不可能」,毕竟 Steam Phone 现在面临的问题,和曾经 SteamDeck 面临的挑战是一模一样的,既然 Valve 能够推动一部分内嵌反作弊的游戏为 SteamDeck 做出优化,那么推动为 Steam Phone 设计新的反作弊也并非不可能。

▲ 图|CNET

更何况,哪怕 Steam Phone 真的因为无法加载反作弊而错失 99% 的多人在线游戏,Steam 麾下巨大的 Windows 游戏池中依然有无数不依赖网络、不需要反作弊的佳作在等着我们。

而在这个内存越来越贵、硬盘越来越贵、显卡越来越贵,甚至 Windows 本身都越来越贵的时候,Valve 一定会尝试考虑探索 PC 之外的市场。Steam Frame 只是第一步,Steam Phone 本身一定不会很远了。

别的不说,想想未来什么时候能在我的 Steam Phone 上随时随地来一盘《边缘世界》、《VA-11 Hall-A》、《林中之夜》甚至《极乐迪斯科》,那也是很不错的体验了。

▲ 图|Steam Community

#欢迎关注爱范儿官方微信公众号:爱范儿(微信号:ifanr),更多精彩内容第一时间为您奉上。

爱范儿 | 原文链接 · 查看评论 · 新浪微博


Nick Reiner Formally Charged With Murdering His Parents

17 December 2025 at 08:50
Prosecutors said that Mr. Reiner killed his parents, Rob and Michelle Reiner, using a knife. He has not yet entered a plea.

© Aude Guerrucci/Reuters

If convicted, Nick Reiner could be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole or the death penalty.

早报|苹果数十款新品遭泄密,折叠屏 iPhone 也在内/媲美 DeepSeek,小米新模型发布/OpenAI 版 Nano Banana 来袭

By: 柯铭源
17 December 2025 at 09:49
cover

🖼

OpenAI 发布新生图模型,PK Nano Banana

📈

不降反涨,小米、荣耀宣布平板涨价

🤖

「AI 垃圾」当选韦氏词典年度词

🌼

余承东接任华为终端董事长,执掌手机、汽车、AI 三大核心业务

🍎

苹果数十款新品遭泄密,折叠屏 iPhone、AirTag 2 在列

🔋

「30 万级」玛莎拉蒂被一抢而空,销售直言不建议买

🫘

豆包手机助手恢复销售,重启 F 码候补申请通道

🤖

Google、Shopify 前高管加盟 OpenAI

🔍

机构分析:明年手机普遍涨价,全球手机出货量或降 2.1%

💵

马斯克净资产破 6000 亿美元

🚗

小鹏获广州 L3 路测牌照,2026 年将量产 L4 级方案

🔋

锂电池涨价「第一枪」:德加能源锂电池昨日起提价 15%

💡

百胜中国 CEO:不喜欢烧钱、6 元肯悦咖啡也能盈利

🧠

媲美 DeepSeek-V3.2,小米新模型公布

🎦

阿里发布新一代视频模型万相 2.6:支持多镜头叙事与角色扮演

⛵

海南自贸港明天正式启动全岛封关

重磅

OpenAI 发布新生图模型,PK Nano Banana

今天,OpenAI 正式推出了最新图像视觉模型 GPT-Image-1.5。而这也是继 GPT-5.2 之后,OpenAI 红色警报计划中又一记重拳。

直接看有哪些升级:指令执行更准确、编辑更精确、细节保留更完整、比之前快 4 倍。

其中,GPT-Image-1.5 最大的升级点在于「精准编辑」,光线、构图、人物特征,在输入、输出和后续编辑的闭环都能保持一致性。

相比初版图像模型,GPT-Image-1.5 更擅长遵循复杂、细致的指令,能保持各元素之间的预设关系。文本渲染能力也进一步提升,能更好地处理密集、小字体内容。

而博主 @Yuchenj_UW 表示,其虽然认为 GPT-Image-1.5 的生成效果大致达到了 Nano Banana Pro 的「专业级」水准,但「智商/推理能力」明显落后于 Nano Banana Pro,尤其在数学题上(以及其他物理/迷宫类问题)表现更差。

OpenAI 应用 CEO Fidji Simo 在博客中写道:「人类的思维并不只是由文字组成。事实上,我们最有创意的想法,往往起源于脑海中的图像、声音、动作或模式。」

她透露,ChatGPT 正在从一个反应式、以文本为核心的产品,转变为一个更直观、更能贴合你各种任务需求的工具。从纯文字向多媒体和动态界面转变,是这一进化过程中的重要一步。

OpenAI 计划还不止于此。未来还将引入更多视觉元素,优化 ChatGPT 的整体体验。比如未来在进行搜索查询时,结果将更多地包含图片和清晰来源。

🔗 相关阅读:刚刚,OpenAI 版 Nano Banana 发布:奥特曼秒变性感男模|附实测

大公司

不降反涨,小米、荣耀宣布平板涨价

近期,据我们观察发现,小米商城对小米/红米平板进行了价格调整,涉及小米平板 8 系列、REDMI Pad Pro 等多款产品:

  • 目前小米平板 8/8 Pro、REDMI Pad 2 均已出现官方价格上涨:小米平板 8 涨价 100 元(12GB 涨价 200 元);小米平板 8 Pro 涨价 200 元(8GB 版本涨价 100 元);REDMI Pad 2 全线涨价 200 元;
  • 据消息显示,REDMI Pad Pro 将上涨 100-300 元,REDMI Pad SE 上涨 100 元。

作为参考,各产品上市价如下:

  • 小米平板 8 上市价为 2199 元,目前为 2299 元;8 Pro 上市价为 2799 元,目前为 2899 元;
  • REDMI Pad 2 上市价为 999 元,目前 1199 元;
  • REDMI Pad Pro 上市价 1499 元,REDMI Pad SE 上市价为 999 元,目前涨价后均为突破上市价格。

无独有偶,荣耀平板与 IOT 产品领域总经理「利用哥」昨天转发上述内容并表示,因内存涨价「实在扛不住」,因此荣耀的平板涨价也即将到来,其还建议需要购买平板的用户赶快入手。

今年 11 月,已有多家内存厂商将自家的内存芯片价格进行上调。

据此前报道,由于存储芯片价格持续飙升,多家手机厂商已暂缓采购;更早前,闪迪也已通知客户,因供应紧张,NAND 闪存合约价上调 50%,并在同月的财报电话会议中称,当前存储芯片短缺局面预计将至少持续到 2026 年底。

小米创始人雷军也曾在 10 月表示,内存涨价实在太多,希望大家能够理解。

🔗 相关阅读:买内存送电脑的时代来了,但你可能连内存都买不起了

「AI 垃圾」当选韦氏词典年度词

据 The Verge 报道,昨天,韦伯斯特词典(韦氏词典)公布 2025 年年度词为「slop」(AI 垃圾),义为「由 AI 大量生产的低质量数字内容」。

「AI slop」的字面意思为「泥浆」或「污水」,不仅在语音上带有「不想触碰的湿滑感」,也成为对人工智能替代人类创造力的讽刺与警示。

过去一年,主流平台对 AI 内容的态度出现分化:YouTube、维基百科、Spotify 与 Pinterest 加强防范措施,试图阻止低质生成内容的扩散;而 Meta 与 OpenAI 则积极推出 AI 短视频应用,鼓励用户生产和分享此类内容。

此前,迪士尼更是与 OpenAI 达成合作,计划在 Disney+ 引入由 Sora 生成的短视频,并斥资 10 亿美元入股 OpenAI。这些举措使「AI 垃圾」的现实感更为凸显。

与此同时,Sora 的社交化扩张带来大量怀旧主题与深度伪造(Deep Fake)视频,用户通过重复模板制造流量,却缺乏原创性与语境理解。

这类「爆量但低质」的内容形态成为平台规模增长的工具,也加剧了公众对 AI 内容的信任危机。

尽管 Sora 宣称所有视频带有「AI 生成」信号,但在实际使用中,水印并不明显,甚至有绕过水印下载原视频的「对策」,进一步引发误导风险。

余承东接任华为终端董事长,执掌手机、汽车、AI 三大核心业务

企查查信息显示,昨天,华为终端有限公司发生工商变更,原董事长郭平卸任,由余承东接任董事长一职;多位高管职务同步调整。

新任董事会成员共 7 人,包括董事长余承东、董事徐直军、胡厚崑、经理余承东、赵明路,以及监事魏承敏;工商变更记录显示,孟晚舟、徐直军、胡厚崑等不再担任终端公司董事,法定代表人由赵明路变更为魏承敏。

今年 4 月 30 日,华为内部文件显示余承东卸任终端 BG CEO,转任终端 BG 董事长;何刚接任 CEO。华为官网在 5 月 10 日更新管理层信息,余承东的职务确认为华为常务董事、终端 BG 董事长、智能汽车解决方案 BU 董事长。

公开资料显示,余承东出生于 1969 年,1993 年加入华为,曾任 3G 产品总监、无线产品行销副总裁、无线产品线总裁、欧洲片区总裁、战略与 Marketing 总裁、终端 BG CEO、智能汽车解决方案 BU 董事长等职。

今年 10 月 26 日,华为官网更新显示其增任产品投资委员会(IRB)主任职务,IRB 为华为产品投资决策最高机构,负责公司级资源分配、跨业务协同与长期战略规划。

苹果数十款新品遭泄密,折叠屏 iPhone、AirTag 2 在列

据 MacRumors 报道,苹果一台运行早期构建的 iOS 26 的原型机软件遭泄露,带出了大量未发布设备与功能标记。

该系统版本号为 23A5234w,早于首个开发者测试版 23A5260n,且在内部仍被标注为「iOS 19」。

消息源称,原型机被转售后,购买者分享了其中的软件,由此披露了设备代号与功能开关的列表。泄露清单涵盖多条产品线,多达数十款产品和芯片:

  • 手机:折叠屏 iPhone(V68)、iPhone 18 Pro(V63)、iPhone 18 Pro Max(V64)、iPhone 17e(V159)、iPhone Air 2(V62,目前苹果已决定推迟发布);
  • iPad:iPad 12(J581/J582)、M4 iPad Air(J707/J708/J737/J738,覆盖 11/13 英寸与 Wi‑Fi/蜂窝);
  • Mac:搭载 A18 Pro 的「廉价版」MacBook(J700)、M5 MacBook Pro(J714c/J714s/J716c/J716s)、MacBook Air(J813/J815)、Mac Studio(J775c/J775d)、Mac mini(J873g/J873s),以及 M6 14 英寸与 Pro/Max 机型(J804、K114c/K114s/K116c/K116s);
  • AirTag 2(代号 B589);
  • Studio Display 2(J427/J527);
  • 智能家居:Apple TV(J355)、两种形态的家居中枢(J490/J491)、未知家居配件(J229)、桌面机器人(J595)、HomePod mini 2(B525);
  • 可穿戴设备:Vision Air(N100)、第二代或更便宜的 Vision Pro(N109)、AI 智能眼镜(N50/N401)、Apple Watch Series 12(N237/N238)、Apple Watch Ultra 4(N240);
  • 芯片:U3 超宽带(T2034)、M5 Pro/Max/Ultra(T6050)、M6(T8152)、A20/A20 Pro(T8160)、S11(T8320);
  • 此外还有 N110、N209、N216、J349、J190、J226 等暂未归属的代号。

此次列表中,多款设备与内部代号此前曾在意外更新或彭博社记者 Mark Gurman 的报道中出现过;这次原型机软件的曝光为其「正在开发」提供了更直接的技术性佐证。

需要强调的是,泄露代码不包含具体的发布时间规划,但从清单归纳的节奏看,AirTag 2、部分 iPad 与家居中枢被认为更可能在 2026 年较早时间段亮相,其他机型则可能在 2026 年末及其后陆续推进。

对于手机产品,值得关注的是可折叠 iPhone 的存在已被代号「V68」明确记录,属苹果在折叠形态上的关键进展;而 iPhone Air 2 的代号同样出现在泄露代码中,但其软件时间点早于苹果后续的延迟决策。

「30 万级」玛莎拉蒂被一抢而空,销售直言不建议买

据界面新闻报道,近日,玛莎拉蒂在华对 Grecale 格雷嘉车型进行大幅降价清库存,纯电版官方指导价为 89.88 万元,降价后裸车价降至 35.88 万元,优惠幅度约 54 万元,相当于打了四折;

燃油版指导价为 65.08–103.88 万元,优惠后裸车价最低至 38.88 万元,起售价下调超 26 万元,相当于打了六折。

据第一财经转述上海经销商说法,「30 多万的 Grecale 格雷嘉卖得『飞』起来」,但浙江经视采访的销售称纯电版仅生产这一批、长期压库,后续大概率不再生产,保有量小导致维修与配件获取存在难度,北京商报亦称低配版在全国已售罄。

据悉,这批低价车为纯电版格雷嘉的 2023 款库存车,属于经销商买断包销库存,全国存量约七八十台。

销售提醒称,35 万仅为裸车价,如需达到燃油版外观与基础配置,需额外支付轮毂、内饰饰板等强制选装费用;叠加购置税与保险,最终落地价将超过 40 万。由于该配置车型后续大概率不再生产,维保与配件风险难以评估。

乘联会数据表明,玛莎拉蒂在华销量近年持续走弱:2017 年曾达 1.44 万辆巅峰,2024 年降至 1228 辆,同比下滑 71%;

今年 9 月,中国进口销量为 83 台,同比下滑 5%,今年 1 — 9 月进口销量为 1023 台,同比下滑 3%。

财报显示,2025 年三季度玛莎拉蒂全球出货量为 1800 台,同比下滑 14.3%。

同属超豪华品牌在中国市场亦普遍承压:2024 年宾利、劳斯莱斯、法拉利、兰博基尼、阿斯顿·马丁进口销量分别为 2608、789、881、608、297 辆,同比降幅 25%、40%、26%、27%、44%,迈凯伦同比下滑 83% 至 38 辆。

豆包手机助手恢复销售,重启 F 码候补申请通道

据界面新闻、新浪科技报道,字节跳动与中兴旗下努比亚合作的豆包手机助手及合作机型 nubia M153 已重启 F 码候补申请通道,恢复购买资格。

官方表示,此次开放为 F 码排队候补,名额较少且无扩产计划,优先面向此前未购得机型的用户。已购买、已申领 F 码未下单、取消订单或退货的用户不可重复申领,候补不承诺必然获得 F 码,后续将根据问卷情况筛选发放。

豆包手机助手本月初以技术预览版发布,基于豆包 APP 并与手机厂商在操作系统层面合作,可实现按用户自然语言需求自动进行跨应用操作(如自动比价、点外卖等)。

搭载预览版的工程样机努比亚 M153 面向开发者与爱好者少量发售,售价 3499 元,迅速售罄,发售后二手平台一度溢价约 300 元至 3500 元。

发售不久后,部分用户反馈该机型触发微信风控异常退出;网络流传其可查询银行卡余额、跳过认证等说法引发安全担忧,不少主流应用先后禁止在豆包手机上登录使用。

据此前报道,官方就网传的「从系统底层获取画面」、「可读取银行 App 等敏感信息」发文予以否认,并多次对安全性公开说明。豆包手机何去何从,仍广受业界关注。

🔗 相关阅读:剿杀豆包手机助手,可能是互联网大厂的一次「共谋」

Google、Shopify 前高管加盟 OpenAI

据 The Information 报道,Shopify 高管 Glen Coates 已宣布加入 OpenAI 出任应用平台负责人;同时,Google 资深企业发展高管 Albert Lee 将于 1 月赴任,负责公司层面的收购与战略投资。

OpenAI 近来推动将 ChatGPT 打造成用户与第三方应用交互的默认入口,已与美国零售商 Instacart、Target 等达成早期合作;负责 ChatGPT 的产品负责人 Nick Turley 正在优先推进更强的个性化能力,部分通过与其他应用的连接实现。

Coates 在当地时间周一通过 LinkedIn 表示加入 OpenAI。他在 Shopify 任职约 6 年,曾主导电商核心软件的产品开发,并带队推进商家商品信息与 AI 应用和智能体的对接,他于今年夏天离开 Shopify。

另一方面,OpenAI 聘用长期在 Google 从事企业发展的 Albert Lee 出任企业发展负责人,负责并购与战略投资。

Lee 曾负责 Google Cloud 与 DeepMind 的企业发展,参与促成 Google 以 54 亿 美元收购网络安全公司 Mandiant,以及以 26 亿 美元收购数据分析公司 Looker;他将于 1 月入职并向首席财务官 Sarah Friar 汇报。

此前,OpenAI 还从亚马逊引入 Torben Severson 出任全球业务发展负责人,侧重战略伙伴关系,而 Lee 将聚焦并购事务。

机构分析:明年手机普遍涨价,全球手机出货量或降 2.1%

昨天,分析机构 Counterpoint Research 发表最新数据称,全球智能手机出货量在 2026 年可能下降 2.1%,主因是存储芯片短缺推高成本并挤压产能。

这与今年预计的 3.3% 增长形成明显反转,此前,Counterpoint 对 2026 年的预测为「微增 0.45%」。

**Counterpoint 预计,明年全球智能手机平均售价将上升 6.9%**,反映整机零部件总体成本上涨 10% 到 25%。

在成本端承压与供应受限的双重作用下,厂商可能通过抬高售价与优化产品结构来对冲利润压力,同时调整产能与机型节奏以适应供给约束。

马斯克净资产破 6000 亿美元

据《福布斯》报道,埃隆 · 马斯克的个人财富已突破 6770 亿美元,成为全球首位净资产超过 6000 亿美元的富豪,这主要得益于 SpaceX 最新股份回购要约带来的估值提升,以及特斯拉股价的持续上涨。

报道指出,SpaceX 当前估值约为 8000 亿美元,马斯克持有约 42% 股权,仅此一项资产便为其新增约 1680 亿美元财富,总股权价值达到约 3360 亿美元,已超越特斯拉成为其最重要的资产。

同时,特斯拉股价年内累计上涨约 13%,在近期因马斯克宣布测试无安全员 robotaxi 而一度上涨近 4%,其约 12% 的持股也为财富增长提供了支撑。

此外,马斯克的人工智能公司 xAI 正洽谈以 2300 亿美元估值融资 150 亿美元,特斯拉股东在 11 月批准的 1 万亿美元薪酬计划亦可能成为未来财富增长的另一推动力。

《福布斯》强调,马斯克的财富结构正在发生变化,SpaceX 已取代特斯拉成为其最核心的资产,而特斯拉绩效期权因司法判决暂按折价计算,仍待最高法院裁决。

小鹏获广州 L3 路测牌照,2026 年将量产 L4 级方案

据第一财经报道,小鹏汽车已在广州市获得 L3 级自动驾驶道路测试牌照,并启动常态化 L3 路测,测试场景主要面向广州市智能网联汽车测试高快速路上的「有条件自动驾驶」场景。

此前,小鹏在 2025 年科技日上发布具备 L4 级能力的第二代 VLA,软件预计将在 2026 年一季度量产上车;同时,小鹏计划在 2026 年推出量产的软硬件均达到 L4 级自动驾驶水平的车型。

锂电池涨价「第一枪」:德加能源锂电池昨日起提价 15%

据界面新闻报道,昨天,德加能源宣布电池系列产品目录价上调 15%,公司称主要因锂电池原材料价格大幅上涨推高生产成本。公司强调,涨价旨在保障长期稳定供应与产品品质,并未披露涉及的具体产品范围与型号。

研究机构与分析人士认为,涨价反映电池产业链在整体超预期下出现拐点。

上游的碳酸锂、高端磷酸铁锂、负极、湿法隔膜、电解液、铜箔等环节普遍存在涨价预期,年底价格谈判成为落点;储能与商用车的超预期发展使下半年全产业链处于「满产满销」,关键材料供应趋紧。新能源汽车购置税减免政策的退坡引发「末班车」效应,四季度需求集中释放,同样推升上游价格与下游成本。

原材料价格方面,碳酸锂价格近期已回到每吨 10 万元的关键位附近,较年内低点上涨约六成,给下游成本带来直接压力;动力型磷酸铁锂在 12 月 5 日报 4.01 万元/吨,季度涨幅 14.25%。

负极材料、湿法隔膜、电解液等亦在供需与成本传导下不同程度走高,业内一度出现储能电池「缺芯潮」。

鑫椤资讯高级研究员张金惠表示,材料厂商已对中小客户启动涨价,部分紧张材料开始「挑选客户」;按锂电行业议价机制,明年一季度将进入价格调整更为明确与普遍的时期,锂电池行业或迎来全面价格上调。

公开资料显示,德加能源成立于 2022 年,聚焦高性能固态电池与核心材料的研发与生产,产品应用覆盖动力、智能消费、储能、智能机器人、低空经济等;

公司拥有万吨级固态电解质生产基地、GWh 级固态电池生产基地及系统集成基地,固态电池产品已于 2025 年量产并实现商业化应用。但其并未说明量产产品为全固态或半固态。

通用汽车为淘汰 CarPlay 的车型上线 Apple Music

据 MacRumors 和 InsideEVs 报道,通用汽车(GM)在逐步淘汰 CarPlay 的同时,开始为部分 2025 年及更新的凯迪拉克与雪佛兰车型内置 Apple Music 应用。

通用汽车表示,原生 Apple Music 应用将与车载系统深度集成,用户进入车辆即可开始播放;在支持的凯迪拉克车型中可使用搭载 Dolby Atmos 的空间音频。

音频流服务将作为 OnStar Basics 功能在美国与加拿大的 2026 年及更新车型中提供,前 8 年免流量费用,之后将收取费用。

通用汽车副总裁 Tim Twerdahl 称此举「充分利用我们行业领先的音频能力」,并将在后续扩展至更多品牌与车型。

目前,已支持的车型包括凯迪拉克 2025/2026 款 CT5、2025 款 Escalade IQ、2026 款 Vistiq;雪佛兰 2025/2026 款 Blazer EV、Equinox EV、Silverado EV,以及 2026 款 Corvette、Suburban、Tahoe。

此前,通用汽车在美国市场的 2024 年及更新电动车型中取消了 CarPlay 与 Android Auto,并计划将所有车型迁移至自研平台。CEO Mary Barra 曾表示,车机与手机投屏界面的切换并不「无缝」,在某些情况下甚至可能造成分心。

「蚂蚁阿福」下载量飙升,冲上苹果 App Store 总榜第三

蚂蚁集团旗下 AI 健康应用「蚂蚁阿福」在近日发布新版本后下载量迅速攀升,今天已冲上苹果应用总榜第三位。该应用月活用户规模已超过 1500 万,每天回答用户超过 500 万个健康提问。

QuestMobile 三季度报告显示,「蚂蚁阿福」的月活复合增长率高达 83%,远超行业平均增速 13.5%,显示出强劲的增长势头。

拓竹发起「Let’s Make It」基金,单项目最高资助 100 万

昨天,拓竹科技宣布设立「Let’s Make It」创造基金,为全球创客提供长期资金、技术和资源支持。单个项目最高可获 100 万人民币资助,独立个人还是小型工作室均可申请。

拓竹表示,许多改变世界的构想往往因资源不足而止步于想象,而该基金旨在帮助创客跨越资源壁垒,将「敢想」转化为「敢造」。相比业内常见的「万元级」奖励,「Let’s Make It」创造基金提供的是真金白银的长期支持。

拓竹相关负责人指出,最高 100 万元的资助足以让创客全职投入 2-3 年,或组建一个由机械、电子、软件三名资深工程师组成的小型工作室,全职攻坚一年,这一规模与许多国内外硬件公司的启动资金相当。

该基金长期有效,不设截止日期。申请者可通过拓竹官网提交提案,支持同一申请者提交多个项目。评审委员会将依据三个核心标准进行评估:

  • 一是「不同凡响」,即敢于尝试、将不可能化为现实的非凡构想;
  • 二是「启发人心」,为冷门领域贡献力量,传递社会温度;三是「切实可行」,要求有清晰的计划和阶段性成果。

此前,拓竹已多次支持公益和教育项目。例如为「爱无疆」社区康复团队提供设备,帮助残障人士打印定制辅具;响应「灵掌计划」,协助公益团队以低成本 3D 打印义肢;并支持吉林大学车队在 2025 年中国大学生电动方程式大赛中夺冠,利用 3D 打印制造赛车部件。

拓竹成立于 2020 年深圳,2022 年推出的 X1 系列 3D 打印机在多色、智能、高速高精度方面实现突破,推动市场增长,使中国 3D 打印机出口在 2023 年同比增长近 90%。

五年间,拓竹已发展为全球领先的消费级 3D 打印机公司,连续三年桌面级设备销量第一。

💡 百胜中国 CEO:不喜欢烧钱、6 元肯悦咖啡也能盈利

据《中国企业家》杂志报道,百胜中国 CEO 屈翠容在接受采访时强调,企业经营必须以盈利为核心,她直言:「我们不可能去烧钱,我也不喜欢烧钱」。

当被问到肯德基孵化的「肯悦咖啡」品牌单价低至 6 元时,屈翠容回应:「(6 元的价格)我们还真能赚到钱,放心」。

她进一步解释称,依托「肩并肩」的门店布局策略,肯德基与肯悦共享后端资源,降低人力与租金成本,从而确保盈利空间。同时,肯悦咖啡通过调整产品结构,例如推出气泡咖啡以减少奶制品成本,进一步提升利润率。

数据显示,今年 6 月,肯悦咖啡一半的饮品销售来自气泡咖啡,市场接受度良好,价格区间稳定在 9 ~ 10 元之间,确保了盈利能力。

百胜中国在「RGM3.0」战略中强调韧性(Resilience)、增长(Growth)、护城河(Moat)三目标并行,提出到 2028 年门店总数超过 2.5 万家、2030 年突破 3 万家,并预计未来三年系统销售额实现中至高单位数年均复合增长、经营利润实现高单位数年均复合增长,2028 年经营利润率不低于 11.5%。

对于外卖补贴战,屈翠容称公司以「算账」为先,不参与不赚钱的补贴,针对饮料品类在成长期与平台补贴更有利时选择性参与,同时以长期合作约定锁定更优条件。

受此影响,公司在补贴波动中销售与利润仍保持上升,并提前为补贴退出做了预案,目标是同时兼顾销售、利润与短长期「稳」。

新产品

媲美 DeepSeek-V3.2,小米新模型公布

刚刚,小米正式发布并开源新模型 MiMo-V2-Flash,先看表现:

MiMo-V2-Flash 总参数 3090 亿,活跃参数 150 亿,采用专家混合架构 (MoE),性能还能和 DeepSeek-V3.2、Kimi-K2 这些头部开源模型掰掰手腕。

🔗 相关阅读:小米突然发布新模型:媲美 DeepSeek-V3.2,把手机的性价比卷到 AI

除去「开源」这一标签,MiMo-V2-Flash 真正的杀手锏在于架构设计上的激进创新,把推理速度拉到了 150 tokens/秒,成本压到了每百万 token 输入 0.1 美元、输出 0.3 美元,主打一个超绝性价比。

基准测试成绩显示,AIME 2025 数学竞赛和 GPQA-Diamond 科学知识测试中,MiMo-V2-Flash 都排在开源模型前两名。编程能力更是亮眼,SWE-bench Verified 得分 73.4%,超越所有开源模型,直逼 GPT-5-High。

转看智能体任务,MiMo-V2-Flash 在τ²-Bench 分类得分中,通信类 95.3 分,零售类 79.5 分,航空类 66.0 分,BrowseComp 搜索代理得分 45.4,启用上下文管理后直接飙到 58.3。

这些数据说明,MiMo-V2-Flash 不仅会写代码,还能真正理解复杂任务逻辑,执行多轮智能体交互。

值得一提的是,小米本次采用了混合滑动窗口注意力机制——采用了 5 比 1 的激进比例,5 层滑动窗口注意力搭配 1 层全局注意力交替使用,滑动窗口只看 128 个 token。

对此,罗福莉在社交平台上特别指出一个反直觉的发现:窗口大小 128 是「最佳甜点值」。其还表示,MiMo-V2-Flash 只是小米 AGI 路线图上的第二步。

此外 ,根据官方体验页面信息,MiMo-V2-Flash 还支持深度思考和联网搜索功能,既能对话聊天,也能在需要实时数据、最新动态或资料核对的场景里派上用场。

此外,MiMo-V2-Flash 采用 MIT 开源协议,基础版权重也已经在 Hugging Face 上发布。

Xiaomi MiMo AI Studio 体验地址:http://aistudio.xiaomimimo.com

HuggingFace 模型地址:http://hf.co/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2-Flash

技术报道地址:http://github.com/XiaomiMiMo/MiMo-V2-Flash/blob/main/paper.pdf

飞书 aily 工作助手上线任务模式:面向复杂多步骤任务的「真干活助手」

昨天,飞书 aily 工作助手上线全新任务模式,定位为可自主执行复杂、多步骤任务的智能体,支持定时任务、跨模块联动与企业自定义 MCP 接入,旨在提升团队协作与内容生产效率。

在任务模式下,用户可将多步骤、高要求的工作任务直接指派给 aily 工作助手,其将自主思考与执行,用户只需等待消息并验收成果。

官方示例显示,该助手可进行数据库查询与结果汇总、跨表关联分析,并将结论写入企业知识库;同时支持设置定时任务,例如每日 17:43 自动生成销售业绩汇总、追踪竞品或撰写周报,从而减少重复性事务。

功能联动方面,aily 工作助手与飞书的云文档、任务、日程、多维表格等模块无缝整合,并可接入企业自定义 MCP,使其天然理解企业知识与工作进展。其产出直接沉淀在既有工作流中,无需下载或复制,用户可一键分发与协同编辑,提升跨团队协作的时效与一致性。

阿里发布新一代视频模型万相 2.6:支持多镜头叙事与角色扮演

阿里巴巴于昨天正式发布新一代通义万相 2.6 系列视频生成模型。该系列面向专业影视制作和图像创作场景进行了全面升级,同时具备音画同步、角色扮演、多镜头生成及声音驱动等能力,官方称之为目前「全球功能最全」的视频生成模型。

此次发布的万相 2.6 在画质、音效、指令遵循等方面进一步提升,单次视频时长达到国内最高的 15 秒,并新增角色扮演和分镜控制功能。

用户不仅能一键生成单人、多人、人与物合拍的视频,还能自动完成多镜头切换,满足影视级场景需求。

据介绍,通义万相在模型结构上集成了多项创新技术,可对输入参考视频进行多模态联合建模与学习,提取主体情绪、姿态、视觉特征以及音色、语速等声学特征,在生成阶段保持画面与声音的一致性。

此外,万相 2.6 能将提示词转换为多分镜脚本,生成包含多个镜头的连贯叙事视频,并保持主体与场景的一致性。在分镜控制上,模型通过高层语义理解构建完整故事线,实现多镜头丝滑切换,确保节奏与氛围统一。

目前,所有用户可在万相官网直接体验万相 2.6,企业用户可通过阿里云百炼调用模型 API。此外,阿里千问 APP 同步上线万相 2.6,向所有用户免费开放。

新消费

星巴克推出「一起开星日」,会员福利全面升级

星巴克星享俱乐部会员体系迎来全新升级,每月 17 日将成为会员专属的「一起开星日」。在这一天,会员不仅能够更快积累好礼星星,还能通过多样化的兑换玩法提升星星的价值,进一步丰富「星式生活」体验。

星巴克在「一起开星日」推出了「开星膨胀」与「开星合拍」两大新玩法。前者为会员提供随机倍数的星星膨胀奖励,在指定渠道消费时最高可达 100 倍;后者则通过线下互动增强社交体验,会员在门店与亲友合拍照片即可享受买 3 赠 1的优惠。

星巴克同步上线「开星市集」与「开星竞拍」。会员星星可用于兑换饮品、食品,还能在「开星市集」兑换环保家居系列好物及跨界权益,如希尔顿荣誉客会积分、爱奇艺星钻 VIP 卡、机场接送机服务等。

「开星竞拍」则提供更具稀缺性的收藏礼品,本月包括希尔顿全球房晚礼券、VIP 包厢票及联名熊店长公仔套票礼盒。

星巴克表示,去年会员体系升级后,其「星朋友圈」生态持续扩展,合作伙伴涵盖希尔顿、中国东航等。截至 11 月,星巴克中国会员规模已突破 1.6 亿,其中 90 天活跃会员达 2500 万,成为全球最活跃、增长最快的会员体系之一。

lululemon 推出冬季新品系列

近日,运动生活方式品牌 lululemon 在冬季礼物季推出多款新品系列,涵盖 Steady State™、Brushed Softstreme™、Plush Velour 以及 Smooth Spacer 等冬季面料版本,主打舒适与保暖体验。

新品覆盖男女装,强调轻盈剪裁与高蓬松度鹅绒填充,意在满足节日期间的礼赠与日常穿搭需求。

  • Steady State™ 系列在原有男士市场基础上,新增女士「男友风」连帽卫衣,采用棉混纺拉绒面料,配合 Featherweight 羽绒外套与马甲,900 蓬松度鹅绒填充保证保暖效果;
  • Brushed Softstreme™ 系列则推出超宽松飞行员夹克,内侧微绒亲肤,外侧垂坠顺滑,搭配 Wunder Puff™ 羽绒外套与 Wool-Blend 羊驼毛针织帽,形成全天候御寒组合;
  • Plush Velour 系列主打绒面超宽松卫衣套装,结合 600 蓬松度鹅绒 Bubble-Hem 羽绒外套与 Wunder Puff™ 短靴,强调休闲舒适;
  • Smooth Spacer 系列则面向男士,采用莫代尔混纺面料,叠搭 Always Down 羽绒马甲与 Fuzzy 山羊绒针织帽,突出风度与温度的平衡。

lululemon 表示,消费者可在品牌线下门店及官方旗舰店选购上述新品。随着岁末礼物季的到来,品牌希望通过多样化的面料与设计,传递「温暖心意」的节日氛围。

海南自贸港明天正式启动全岛封关

据新华社报道,海南自由贸易港将于明天正式启动全岛封关。这一举措标志着海南自贸港建设进入实质性阶段,相关税收与监管政策同步落地实施。

此前海南省政府发布的相关通告明确,自封关启动之日起,海南自贸港将全面实施「一线放开、二线管住、岛内自由」的监管模式:

  • 一线,即海南与境外之间的货物、人流进出更加便利;
  • 二线,即海南与内地之间的货物进出需严格监管;
  • 岛内则实现要素自由流通。

同时,免税、低税率、简税制等制度优势将进一步释放,涵盖进口商品目录、加工增值免税政策以及禁止、限制清单等方面。

好看的

《疯狂动物城 2》延长放映至 1 月 25 日

昨天,迪士尼宣布《疯狂动物城 2》中国内地延长放映至 2026 年 1 月 25 日,密钥延期约 1 个月,覆盖元旦、寒假与农历马年春节前夕的黄金档期。

截至昨天宣布延长放映时,中国大陆上映 21 天累计票房达 35.74 亿元,刷新中国影史进口动画片票房冠军、进口片单日票房冠军等纪录,中国内地已成为该片全球最大票仓。

该片上映 17 天全球票房即破 10 亿美元,创下影史最快破 10 亿美元的 PG 级影片纪录。片方同步释出导演拜恩·霍华德手绘「马年贺图」,以朱迪、尼克与「马市长」呼应农历马年主题。

《极限审判》定档 1 月 23 日

影片《极限审判》已于昨天正式定档 1 月 23 日全国上映。影片由《奥本海默》制片人操盘,题材聚焦近未来「AI 法庭」的生死博弈。

故事设定为顶级警探雷文突陷杀妻疑云,被推上由其参与创建的 AI 法庭审判席;在倒计时结束前,他需反向借助 AI「天眼」系统检索监控与私密数据,以此向 AI 法官证明清白。

随着调查推进,众人「面具」逐一揭开,结局在绝境翻盘与死刑判决之间悬而未决。

《八府巡按》定档 1 月 16 日

近日,《八府巡按》官宣定档 1 月 16 日,并同步发布定档海报与预告片。影片以晚清关东永昌府为背景,聚焦贪腐乱象与反贪风暴。

导演将果戈理经典戏剧《钦差大臣》的叙事架构移植至晚清地方官场,以「六天六场酒局」为叙事动线,呈现官员、差役、绅商、朋党与平民的群像。

#欢迎关注爱范儿官方微信公众号:爱范儿(微信号:ifanr),更多精彩内容第一时间为您奉上。

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【CDT报告汇】国际声援西藏运动:中共当局“系统性边缘化”藏语,以推动民族同化

17 December 2025 at 08:42
CDT 档案卡
标题:【CDT报告汇】国际声援西藏运动:中共当局“系统性边缘化”藏语,以推动民族同化
作者:中国数字时代
发表日期:2025.12.15
主题归类:CDT报告汇
主题归类:西藏
主题归类:人工智能
主题归类:低人权优势
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

编者按:《CDT报告汇》栏目收录和中国言论自由及其他人权问题相关的报告资讯。这些报告的来源多种多样,包括机构调查、学术研究、媒体报道和网民汇集等等。也欢迎读者向我们推荐值得关注的报告。

中国数字时代本周推荐媒体:

《中国的“低人权”优势》:美国汉学家林培瑞为中国知名历史学者秦晖的新书《拯救民主》撰写的序言。

一、ICT:藏语使用空间持续收缩,中共通过教育制度与数字平台边缘藏语

12月11日,国际声援西藏运动ICT (International Campaign for Tibet) 发布了一份报告,称藏语正在经历“生存受到威胁的转变”。该机构将其原因归咎于官方政策转向、教育体系调整与社会环境变化的共同作用。报告指出:“藏语正在经历一种令人震惊的转变,这种转变正在威胁藏语在西藏本地的生存。”

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报告封面

ICT在报告中引用1987年十世班禅在全国人大西藏代表团会议上的发言:“中央政府经常谈到在西藏学习和使用藏语的重要性,但却从未采取任何措施来确保其落实。”

报告同时提到,藏人曾用“拉玛鲁格(既非羊也非马)”形容藏语对话中夹杂汉语词汇的现象,并称当下“甚至已经超越了‘拉玛鲁格’”,认为威胁已从社会层面的语言混杂,演变为更系统的结构性挤压。

具体而言,在教育与升学环节,报告援引材料称,西藏“至少自2021年”起将高考考生分为A、B两类;其中B类考试科目不含藏语。报告还记录了2025年3月31日一些藏人通过中文社交平台呼吁恢复藏语要求的贴文,例如:“语言和文化是世界上最宝贵的财富……请在高考中恢复藏语”,以及“无论属于哪个民族……都应纳入教材,让孩子们学习自己的母语”。

报告列举多起“语言倡议”相关的打压案例:其称“2024年5月,中国当局拘留了藏族教育工作者更登丹增嘉措”,并提到与“语言保护协会”有关的多人被拘押,其中还有一名村干部“于2024年12月18日因伤势过重死亡”。

除学校体系外,报告还把数字平台视为新的限制空间:其称抖音等平台对藏语使用设置障碍,藏语受众的直播活动经常被迫夹用汉语。比如,报告提到一档面向藏语观众的歌唱比赛:主持人在抖音直播期间解释,若只说藏语,“抖音会关闭直播”。

此外,报告引用一名藏医在线问诊受限的表述:“由于禁止使用藏语,我被迫改用汉语”,并称因此停止在线问诊。

ICT将这些政策背后的动机归结为“以法治名义的统治”等方式推动“新中国国家认同”的一部分,并称相关做法正在让藏语在教育、就业与公共服务中“变得不再相关”。

相比之下,该机构表示,“流亡藏人的教育政策优先考虑全面发展的藏语教育”,并且称已经“建立一套以传统藏语教育为核心、现代教育为重要补充的教育体系。”他们更表示,“如果中国当局有意弘扬藏族文化和身份认同,他们可以从流亡藏人社群中汲取灵感。”

最后,ICT呼吁,中国当局“恢复以藏语为藏语学校主要教学语言的法律规定,保障藏语作为教学媒介语的使用”。此外,他们也希望其他国家政府向中国当局施压,“对中国目前的藏族教育政策表示严重关切”,“在与中国的外交和人权对话中,特别要纳入保护藏语和藏族文化的内容。”

二、学者林培瑞为秦晖新书撰序:解析“中国低人权优势”的全球影响

今年底,中国著名历史学者秦晖出版了他的新书《拯救民主》。美国知名汉学家林培瑞为该书作序。12月13日,知名国际关系期刊《外交家》刊登了林培瑞所撰写的序言《中国的低人权优势》。文章指出,目前西方世界往往误判中国模式及其与民主国家的互动,忽视了所谓“新冷战”中的结构性问题。

img

文章封面截图

文章开篇指出,在过去几十年中,外界长期将中国的快速发展视为“奇迹”,并期待中国中产阶级的壮大会推动政治自由化。但秦晖的观察并非基于奇迹,而是基于现实:“数以亿计的低薪劳动者在一个没有自由媒体、没有本土工会、也没有独立法院的环境中长时间工作——但却拥有一支极其高效的警察力量。”

林培瑞引用书中观点表示,秦晖认为这种体制在某些条件下能够“极大加速经济增长”。他在文章中称,这种增长模式带来了财富,但大部分财富流向了政府、与之相联系的精英家庭及部分外国企业。

文章核心提出所谓的“低人权优势”,即一种制度性优势,而并非仅限于低工资:“当一个威权政府在包含一个或多个民主经济体的市场体系中运作时,它在经济竞争中具有优势。”在这种结构下,威权体制可以通过减少监管、压制异议、忽视环境与劳工权益等方式降低交易成本,从而在全球市场竞争中获得优势。

原文中描述道,这种制度优势在与民主经济体交织的全球市场中尤为明显,因为“发达经济体一方面提供资本和产品市场,另一方面提供消费市场,而‘低人权’的合作伙伴则提供廉价劳动力和一个以威权政府来维持稳定的体系。”这种“共生”关系短期内令双方受益,却可能使民主一方面临长期被削弱的风险。

林培瑞补充,历史上类似现象也曾出现。例如,文章中提到一位秦晖当年同事的表述:“今天的中国在自然资源或技术方面并没有比较优势;我们的比较优势在于‘一种近乎奴隶劳动的制度’。”林教授这句话虽令人震惊,却揭示了中国经济增长背后的深层制度因素。

文章进一步指出,西方民主国家对中国模式的理解存在偏差。在谈及当前全球经济格局时,林培瑞援引秦晖观点称:“西方人说他们必须避免一场新的冷战,却没有意识到他们已经身处其中——而且中国正在获胜。”西方往往未意识到,新冷战已在经济、技术与制度层面展开,而中国凭借“低人权优势”在竞争中占据优势。

此外,文章分析西方内部对中国的战略应对存在分歧。美国国内左派批评“新自由主义”要求改善工人福利,右派则反对“社会主义”寻求更多自由,但双方均未充分理解中国体制下既缺乏自由又缺乏福利的现实状况。“双方都未能充分理解,在中国,被剥夺权利的人群既缺乏自由,也缺乏福利。”这一观察表明,西方对中国模式的战略评估仍然存在根本性误读。

林培瑞在序言中也回顾了中国近现代历史对民主思想的接受与阻碍,指出早在19世纪末20世纪初,民主理念便曾在中国学生运动中萌芽,但随后遭遇多重政治阻力。文章中写道,清末首任驻英法公使郭嵩涛就曾赞赏西方法治理念,并强调“人民统治”在中国古代思想中也有对应传统。

最后,林培瑞引述秦晖对民主前景的审慎评估:尽管全球民主面临挑战,但“根植于人性中的正义感并不会轻易改变,并将始终为我们提供希望的理由。”在表达对当前局势的忧虑同时,也留有希望的余地。

三、人权基金会:西方高校与中国国家人工智能实验室的合作边界模糊

近日,战略风险研究公司和人权基金会联合发布了一份报告,聚焦“全球人工智能研究合作与中国人权侵害风险”。该报告指出,麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、哈佛大学、普林斯顿大学、牛津大学、伦敦大学学院等多所西方高校,过去数年与多家中国人工智能实验室有合作。然而,这些实验室往往与“中国监控与安全系统”紧密相关。

img

报告封面截图

具体而言,这些大学与中国人工智能实验室存在共同发表、联合项目与资金链条交织的问题。报告直言,这类关系“从人权的角度来看”具有高度风险,因为中国政府“系统性地部署监控技术”,以锁定维权者、少数族群与政治异见者,并将技术系统转化为压制工具。

报告梳理了2020—2025年间中国“数以万计的学术论文、资助记录和机构文件”,并点名多项西方公共资助在论文致谢与合作网络中反复出现,包括美国国家科学基金会、美国国立卫生研究院、英国研究与创新署/工程与物理科学研究委员会,以及欧盟“地平线欧洲”计划等。同时,这些论文中也出现了企业与行业组织的身影,例如亚马逊、丰田,以及在标准制定上扮演角色的电气与电子工程师协会。

在风险机制的解释上,报告强调中国国内法律与监管环境“从结构上削弱了中国机构的独立性”。它列举《国家安全法》(2015)、《国家情报法》(2017)、《网络安全法》(2017)、《数据安全法》(2021)等,认为这些法律将组织与个人置于协助国家安全工作的义务之下,并且中国的学术或研究机构也不存在“实质性的例外”,因此很难保证这些研究项目不被用于军事或侵犯人权的项目。

报告选取了两家机构作为案例:之江实验室与上海人工智能研究院。其中,之江实验室被描述为“由国家资助的”高性能计算、光学与追踪技术中心,2021—2023年获超过12.5亿美元地方财政支持,并与被美国制裁的中国电子科技集团等防务—监控体系深度交织。报告提到,中国电子科技集团参与建设的“一体化联合作战平台”用于汇聚检查站、手机与生物识别数据并标记“可疑”对象;在新疆,该系统与大规模拘押、强迫劳动和数字监控有关。

上海人工智能研究院则被写作“专注于具有明确警务用途的计算机视觉与城市管理平台”,并与华为、中国公安系统机构以及科大讯飞、商汤等被指涉新疆监控争议的企业存在合作或交流。报告还举例其研究与项目涵盖姿态估计、追踪、分割等方法,认为这些技术“可以轻易被改造并用于大规模人员监控”。

在“看似中性”的学术合作如何转化为风险这一点上,报告列出若干合作方向:多目标追踪、步态识别、红外微弱目标检测、光学相位移技术等,认为当这些方法进入与公共安全、城市治理、乃至新疆警务与国家安全平台相连的机构时,便可能成为监控系统的“基础构件”。

报告将矛头指向治理缺口:现行“可信研究/科研安全”框架多聚焦间谍、知识产权与商业风险,却往往忽略人权问题,而一些人工智能伦理机构也被批评长期保持沉默。

最后,报告给出五项建议,包括将人权纳入尽职调查、强制披露国际合著与机构协议、对高风险伙伴设置契约性限制、强化伦理机构的跨境责任,以及扩展国家层面的“可信研究”定义。该机构呼吁国际社会应尽快采取措施,堵上人权这一人工智能治理中最大的“缺口”。

中国对欧盟猪肉征反倾销税 西班牙称税率可接受

17 December 2025 at 09:17

中国宣布对原产于欧盟的猪肉征收4.9%至19.8%的反倾销税后,西班牙农业部说,相关税率“可以接受”。

据法新社报道,西班牙农业部长普拉纳斯(Luis Planas)在马德里受访时说,作为欧洲最大的猪肉及其制品出口国,西班牙猪肉出口商面临的平均税率为9.8%,低于整体平均水平约19%,“这是一个可以接受的数字”。

在欧盟去年6月宣布考虑对中国电动车加征最高38.1%的惩罚性关税后,中国随即对欧盟猪肉发起反倾销调查,并在今年6月将调查期限延长半年。

中国商务部星期二(12月16日)发布公告,裁定对原产于欧盟的进口猪肉征收4.9%至19.8%反倾销税,大幅低于9月实施的15.6%至62.4%临时税率。相关反倾销措施将自星期三(17日)起实施,为期五年。

西班牙肉类行业协会Anice主任阿洛伊西奥(Giuseppe Aloisio)则认为,相关措施不公平。“一个一向表现良好的行业,无缘无故受到惩罚,这是出乎意料的。”

他还说:“令人无法接受的是,我们的行业被用作一场与我们毫不相关的贸易争端,即电动汽车争端中的谈判筹码。地缘政治背景显而易见,我们认为将贸易紧张转嫁到食品产业链上,对任何一方都没有好处。”

中共中央财办:扩大内需是明年排在首位的重点任务

17 December 2025 at 09:10

面对中国国内消费疲弱和外部环境不确定性,中共中央财办有关负责官员说,扩大内需是明年排在首位的重点任务,并称近几个月消费和投资增速有所放缓,需要持续加力扩内需。

据新华社星期二(12月16日)报道,上周召开的中央经济工作会议备受瞩目。中央财办有关负责官员会后第一时间接受中央主要媒体采访,深入解读中央经济工作会议精神。

这位不具名的官员在回答关于内需发展情况以及提振消费、扩大投资的空间和动力相关问题时说,扩大内需是明年排在首位的重点任务。今年中国内需总体保持稳健,前三季度内需对经济增长贡献率达到71%。提振消费政策成效明显,扩大有效投资扎实推进。

官员说,注意到近几个月消费和投资增速有所放缓,需要持续加力扩内需。

官员称,明年要把握消费的结构性变化,从供需两侧发力提振消费,并说明当前中国正在从以商品消费为主转向商品消费和服务消费并重,一些领域商品消费增速放缓,但文旅、养老、托育等服务消费需求旺盛。要以新需求引领新供给、以新供给创造新需求,促进供需更加适配。

同时,要制定实施城乡居民增收计划,促进高质量充分就业,继续提高城乡居民基础养老金,持续提升居民消费能力。要扩大优质商品和服务供给,大力发展消费新业态新模式新场景,培育壮大家政、旅居康养等万亿级消费新增长点。要有效释放消费需求潜力,持续清理不合理限制措施,支持有条件地区推广中小学春秋假,把职工带薪错峰休假落实到位。打造“购在中国”品牌,释放入境消费巨大增量空间。

官员也说,明年要着眼惠民生增后劲,推动投资止跌回稳。当前投资出现下滑,但中国在科技创新、产业升级、基础设施、改善民生等方面还有不少短板弱项。要把投资于物和投资于人相结合,统筹提振消费和扩大投资,加快建设停车场、充电桩、旅游公路等消费基础设施,提高养老、托育、医疗等民生类投资比重,高质量推进城市更新,着力扩大有效投资。

官员进一步说,要有效发挥政府投资带动作用,用好中央预算内投资、超长期特别国债、地方政府专项债券等资金,优化实施“两重”项目,靠前实施具备条件的“十五五”重大项目,发挥重大工程牵引带动作用。要激发民间投资活力,落实好进一步促进民间投资发展的若干措施,支持民营企业参与铁路、核电等领域重大项目,引导民间投资向高技术、服务业等新赛道拓展,以更实举措增强民间投资信心。

此外,官员在回答关于明年继续实施更加积极有为的宏观政策,财政政策和货币政策的相关问题时称,今年中国首次实施更加积极的财政政策,时隔14年再次实施适度宽松的货币政策,为推动经济持续回升向好发挥了重要作用。

官员说,根据中央经济工作会议部署,明年中国继续实施更加积极有为的宏观政策。在政策取向上,坚持稳中求进、提质增效。

加拿大寻求中国协助遏制芬太尼相关化学品流入北美

17 December 2025 at 08:51

加拿大官方透露,希望与中国开展更紧密合作,阻止用于制造芬太尼的化学品流入北美。

据彭博社报道,加拿大政府芬太尼事务主管布罗索(Kevin Brosseau)受访时说,寻求与中国合作并非针对中国政府本身。“问题在于部分中国企业,尤其是化工企业,从事了相关行为,而中国政府在规范和禁止前体化学品方面已采取了大量行动。”

美国总统特朗普曾以芬太尼走私为由,对加拿大和墨西哥加征关税。虽然美国海关与边境保护局数据显示,从加拿大流入美国的芬太尼数量相对有限,但加拿大政府仍在今年2月任命布罗索,牵头制定全面打击芬太尼的行动方案。

布罗索称,在他获任命前后,加拿大官员已重新启动与中国合作遏制芬太尼的对话。此外,政府还推出总额13亿加元(12亿新元)的边境安全计划,包括部署新型直升机、无人机和监控塔。

尽管如此,特朗普仍指控巨量芬太尼经由美加和美墨陆地边境流入美国,并对加拿大和墨西哥征收25%的紧急关税,随后又将对加拿大的基础关税税率提高至35%,但符合《美墨加协定》的大多数商品可获豁免。

数据显示,在截至今年10月31日的三年期间,美加边境及附近地区芬太尼的月均查获量为3.5磅,而美墨边境的月均查获量则超过1600磅。不过,今年4月和5月,美国北部边境地区因个别大案,查获量一度明显上升。

今年一次集中执法行动中,加拿大境内共查获386公斤芬太尼和270公斤前体化学品,数量超过今年迄今美国执法部门在美加边境查获量的10倍。

美国情报机构将中国列为非法芬太尼前体化学品和压片设备的主要来源国,其次是印度。布罗索则指出,前体多来自亚洲,但成品芬太尼主要在北美生产;流向美国的芬太尼多在美国和墨西哥制造,加拿大境内使用的则主要在本国生产,成品芬太尼在南北边境之间的跨境流动“非常有限”。

中国据报提高对巴拿马港口交易控股权要求

17 December 2025 at 08:50

美国《华尔街日报》星期二(12月16日)引述知情人士报道,中国提高了相关要求,正推动国有航运企业中远集团在一项价值228亿美元(293.88亿新元)的港口交易中取得控股权。这项交易涉及位于巴拿马运河附近的两个具争议性的港口。

路透社星期三(12月17日)转述《华尔街日报》报道称,此前已就有关港口达成交易的贝莱德,以及意大利航运巨头Aponte家族旗下的地中海航运公司,曾对向中远集团提供同等股权持开放态度。

不过,报道补充称,随着中国方面提出新的要求,相关谈判目前已陷入僵局。

美中高级国防官员本周在华盛顿会晤

17 December 2025 at 08:34

美中两国高级国防官员本周在华盛顿举行会晤,这是两国在寻求稳定关系之际,重启两军沟通的最新迹象。

据美国战争部官网发布的新闻稿,12月15日至16日,美国战争部主管中国大陆、台湾和蒙古事务的副助理部长史密斯(Alvaro Smith),在美国华盛顿特区与中共中央军委国际军事合作办公室副主任叶江举行会晤,进行美中防务政策协调会谈。

史密斯重申美国战争部支持与中国人民解放军展开更广泛的两军沟通,以在整体上促进战略稳定,并加强危机去冲突(crisis deconfliction)和降级管控(de-escalation)。

史密斯解释称,此类沟通渠道与美国总统特朗普推动美中实现稳定和平、建立相互尊重关系的持续努力一致,并有助于巩固相关进展。

他还重申,美国在印太地区有重要利益,但范围明确且合理,美国战争部已做好准备维护这些利益。

据《南华早报》报道,有关会谈传统上每年举行一次,在北京和华盛顿轮流举办,为双方提供提出关切并协调全年进一步接触的沟通渠道。

清洁能源开发竞赛:北京大力投入资源推进核聚变研究

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清洁能源开发竞赛:北京大力投入资源推进核聚变研究

RAYMOND ZHONG, 储百亮, KEITH BRADSHER, HARRY STEVENS
畅想核聚变能源的未来:左图为美国初创企业正在建造的实验装置效果图,右图为中国实验室的研究设施,两者均处于建设阶段。
畅想核聚变能源的未来:左图为美国初创企业正在建造的实验装置效果图,右图为中国实验室的研究设施,两者均处于建设阶段。 Commonwealth Fusion Systems; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
在中国东部一座绿树成荫的校园里,施工人员正夜以继日地建造一座庞大的环形建筑,两翼延伸的双臂长度堪比航空母舰。
在中国西南部一片昔日的稻田上,一座巨型X形建筑也在高度保密的状态下紧锣密鼓地施工。直到大约一年前,研究人员通过卫星图像发现了这一设施,其存在才被广泛知晓。
这两项巨型工程是中国迄今为驾驭核聚变能源所做的最具雄心的尝试,这种能源或将彻底改变人类文明。
核聚变是将原子聚合以释放巨大能量的过程,其使用的燃料资源丰富,不存在熔毁风险,也不会产生长期放射性废物。它承诺近乎无限的能源,不仅能满足人工智能发展带来的激增电力需求,还能终结人类对化石燃料的依赖——正是对化石燃料的过度使用,让地球面临危险的升温危机。
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一个世纪前,科学家们首次构想出核聚变这种恒星能源的可能性。近几十年来,他们通过磁体和激光技术在实验室中重现核聚变过程,取得了重大进展。然而,迫使难以控制的原子发生聚合,远比核裂变(当前核能发电所采用的原子分裂技术)困难得多。
核聚变反应堆必须首先将氢加热到比太阳还高的温度,使其转化为物质的第四态等离子体,然后需要将这种处于剧烈状态的等离子体约束足够长的时间,直至原子发生聚变并释放能量。如今,中国、美国及其他国家正展开激烈竞赛,争相研发能够实现这一过程的设备,并确保其具备足够可靠性反复运行,最终为电网供能。
中美这两个世界超级大国正围绕未来能源主导权展开一场日益激烈的角逐。特朗普政府执政期间,美国致力于石油、天然气和煤炭的生产与出口;而其主要经济竞争对手中国已成为太阳能电池板、电池和电动汽车等清洁能源领域的全球主要供应国。
核聚变可能会改变两国乃至全球的能源格局。任何一个率先掌握这项技术的国家都能在全球范围内建造核电站,并与能源需求旺盛的国家建立新的联盟。但中美两国实现这一目标的战略路径却截然不同。
美国寄望于私营企业和本国的创新能力来取得突破,政府提供有针对性的支持。从东海岸到西海岸,一批初创企业为这一探索注入了新的紧迫感和创造力。
而在世界的另一端,中国政府将核聚变列为国家优先事项,正以惊人的速度调配资源推进相关研究。最近,上海一家初创企业在更短时间内基本实现了美国资金最雄厚的核聚变公司联邦聚变系统公司取得的一项工程突破。今年夏天,中国政府和私人投资者向一家新成立的国有核聚变公司注资21亿美元,仅这一笔投资就相当于美国能源部年度核聚变预算的2.5倍。
中国BEST托卡马克装置将于10月开工建设。
中国BEST托卡马克装置将于10月开工建设。 Zhou Mu/Xinhua, via Getty Images
几十年前,中国曾与法国合作开发其EAST托卡马克装置。
几十年前,中国曾与法国合作开发其EAST托卡马克装置。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
两国的进展很快可能迎来正面较量。
联邦聚变系统公司表示,其在马萨诸塞州建造的实验装置将在2027年前实现一项关键成就:产生的能量超过运行该装置所需消耗的能量。这一突破将标志着核聚变有望在未来为数据中心、钢铁厂等设施提供电力。
中国顶尖的等离子体物理实验室也设定了类似目标——位于中国东部那座双臂形建筑之内的一个名为“夸父启明”(BEST)的新型装置,也计划在未来几年内实现这一里程碑。
对中国聚变企业的投资激增——按企业所在地划分的年度聚变股权投资额。注:2025年数据截至12月5日。其他国家包括德国、英国、加拿大、日本、法国、以色列、瑞典和澳大利亚。来源:聚变能源基地
对中国聚变企业的投资激增——按企业所在地划分的年度聚变股权投资额。注:2025年数据截至12月5日。其他国家包括德国、英国、加拿大、日本、法国、以色列、瑞典和澳大利亚。来源:聚变能源基地
“时间非常紧张,”该实验室的科学家连辉表示。“即便如此,我们对实现BEST的研究目标仍充满信心。”
国家优先事项
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中国对科学研究及核聚变的重视源自国家最高领导层。
中国政府涵盖2026至2030年的五年规划承诺,将采取“超常规措施”,确保在核聚变能源及其他关键领域取得突破。中国国有核电企业正制定详细的核聚变研究提案,称其为各大国未来科技竞争的主赛道”。
仅在20年前,中国在核聚变领域还微不足道,但其通过与其他国家合作逐步发展壮大。中国曾与法国密切合作,研发出最先进的托卡马克装置(一种环形核聚变设备),并成为由33个国家参与的国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)项目的关键贡献者。在过去十年的大部分时间里,中美研究人员开展联合实验,并盛赞两国在等离子体物理领域的“长期友谊”。
Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
如今,中国的实验室和企业正在建设自主研发的尖端研究设施。中国科学院等离子体物理研究所不仅在建造新型BEST托卡马克装置,还在附近建设一个占地约40公顷的综合园区,研究人员将在那里研发和测试能在核聚变装置极端条件下运行的组件。该所科学家还在规划另一台托卡马克装置,计划在21世纪30至40年代驱动一座示范性核聚变电厂。
ITER的英裔法国物理学家理查德·皮茨于去年1月参观了BEST项目现场,当时那里还只是一片空旷的平台;而如今,该设施已完成一半建设。
皮茨表示,中国从参与ITER项目中获益良多,现在正将这些知识应用于自主创新。“每次去那里,我都会被庞大的人力规模和极高的执行效率所震惊,”他说。
然而,即便核心技术可行,核聚变反应堆也无法为世界提供能源,除非企业能以经济可行的方式实现工业规模的建造与运营。
来自中国的核聚变研究增多——《核聚变》期刊作者分布占比。注:分析排除国籍不明的作者。来源:OpenAlex(通过特殊竞争性研究项目获取)
来自中国的核聚变研究增多——《核聚变》期刊作者分布占比。注:分析排除国籍不明的作者。来源:OpenAlex(通过特殊竞争性研究项目获取)
加州大学全球冲突与合作研究所高级研究员吉米·古德里奇表示,在这方面,中国在工程和建设领域的专业知识赋予了其独特优势。“美国面临的风险是,我们可能率先找到可行的技术路径,但中国会比我们更快实现工程化和规模化应用,”他指出。
最近,联邦聚变系统公司得以窥见中国的推进速度。
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去年,该公司的科学家发表学术论文,描述了他们的一项重大成就:即将安装在马萨诸塞州新型托卡马克装置内的巨型D形磁体。这些磁体采用超低电阻导电材料制成,能够产生超强磁场。
随后在今年夏天,上海初创企业“能量奇点”的科学家发表了一篇论文,介绍了他们自主研发的、与前者极为相似的磁体。
对联邦聚变系统公司联合创始人丹尼斯·怀特而言,这绝非简单的逆向工程。如此迅速地整合供应链、调动制造专业知识来建造和测试这种磁体,展现了“令人惊叹的技术实力”。
激光路径
在中国西南部,核聚变雄心的另一条战线正以低调得多的方式快速推进。
加州劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的研究人员历经多年努力,终于在2022年底实现了令人振奋的核聚变潜力演示——其激光装置成功使氢靶丸实现“点火”,即反应产生的能量超过了激光输入的能量,与此同时,中国工程物理研究院的科学家们密切关注着这一进展。
实验室科学家连辉表示:“时间非常紧张。”他指的是中国政府设定的目标:未来几年内,BEST系统需实现短暂的能量产出超过运行消耗。
实验室科学家连辉表示:“时间非常紧张。”他指的是中国政府设定的目标:未来几年内,BEST系统需实现短暂的能量产出超过运行消耗。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
在联邦聚变系统公司于马萨诸塞州建造的托卡马克装置模型内部。
在联邦聚变系统公司于马萨诸塞州建造的托卡马克装置模型内部。 Simon Simard for The New York Times
该院一位资深科学家迅速呼吁中国跟进这一路线。
“利弗莫尔实验室的成就标志着人类历史上一项重大科学突破,”郑万国在2023年初的采访中表示,中国应“加大对核聚变能源的投资和研究力度,以激光聚变点火为主要技术路径”。
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短短一年半后,一座庞大的X形设施在绵阳市郊拔地而起。
 中国激光产业报告、科学论文和一项专利申请显示,该地点将容纳“神光四”——一座新型激光点火设施。这项以“神光”命名的设施提案,其雏形至少15年前就有了,但利弗莫尔实验室的成功似乎让这一项目驶入了快车道。
利弗莫尔实验室主任金伯利·布迪尔表示,绵阳设施的建设速度“令人惊叹”——她所在的实验室花了20年时间才建成点火设施并全面投入运行。不过,“要长期可靠、有效地运行这套系统,需要具备深厚的技术积累,而这些都是中国在推进过程中必须学习的经验。”
中国工程物理研究院的科学家们有充分理由去保密。与利弗莫尔实验室的许多研究人员一样,他们也从事核武器研究,而激光聚变技术为在不引爆实际武器的情况下研究核爆炸条件提供了途径。
专家表示,在中国国家领导人习近平治下,中国核武库迅速扩充,其军方正寻求在不违反全球核试验禁令的前提下,维护并可能升级核弹头的方法。
近几个月来,中国工程物理研究院透露,计划在四川省会成都再建一座激光点火设施——这将是一个比绵阳设施小、更偏向商业化的姊妹项目。
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曾经默默无闻的武器设计师彭先觉,如今已转型为能源创业者,力推一个从未尝试过的聚变裂变混合反应堆构想。彭先觉在今年的一份提案中写道,中国应“力争在2040年前实现商业化应用”。
合作还是脱钩
10月,法国著名物理学家阿兰·贝库莱在成都参加国际原子能机构年度核聚变会议时,清晰地感受到了中美在这一领域的分歧——会议上没有美国科学家的身影。
三位研究人员告诉《纽约时报》,特朗普政府领导下的美国能源部不鼓励美国科学家参会。该部门未回应置评请求。
“中国现在具备了创新能力,”作为ITER首席科学家的贝库莱表示。“不再是简单的复制或重复。”
中国科学院等离子体物理研究所于11月宣布,欢迎外国科学家利用其新型BEST托卡马克装置开展合作。“大门始终敞开,”负责该所海外合作的董少华表示。
然而,随着能源安全对人工智能等产业的重要性日益凸显,美国政府和产业界的许多人如今将核聚变视为一场关乎全球影响力的生死战场。
“无论谁赢得这场竞赛并成功实现技术落地,都将为本世纪余下的时间奠定基础,”华盛顿研究机构“特别竞争研究项目”负责人伊利·巴伊拉塔里表示。
美国能源部于10月发布了一份新路线图,旨在帮助核聚变产业在21世纪30年代实现发展和商业化。该文件呼吁建设和升级多个科学设施,但取消了此前由能源部牵头、计划在21世纪40年代设计和建造一座示范性核聚变电厂的倡议
该部门表示,取消这一倡议的原因是,美国初创企业已在快速推进这类电厂的建设。
一些科学家认为,美国政府需要采取更多行动。
投资者已向全球核聚变公司注入约140亿美元资金,其中76亿美元流向了美国企业。“这是一笔巨额资金,但要让这项技术最终落地,还需要更多投入,”麻省理工学院等离子体科学家乔治·泰南表示。
中国等离子体物理研究所表示,该所愿与外国科学家开展合作,这些科学家未来或将使用其新建成的BEST托卡马克装置。
中国等离子体物理研究所表示,该所愿与外国科学家开展合作,这些科学家未来或将使用其新建成的BEST托卡马克装置。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
刘畅曾在美国能源部普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室担任物理学家多年。他表示,最近他试图为自己的团队招募一些年轻科学家,但实验室称没有相关预算。这类经历再加上家庭原因,促使他跳槽至中国顶尖学府之一北京大学。普林斯顿实验室发言人表示,该实验室不对人事问题发表评论。
刘畅表示,在美国,由于政府支持不足,许多核聚变研究人员转而加入初创企业。
他说,相比之下,中国官员正投入大量资源,寻求解决人类能源需求的“终极方案”。“他们真的能在重要领域投入资源。”

Li You自合肥对本文有研究贡献。

Raymond Zhong为《纽约时报》报道气候和环境议题。

储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者,自台北报道中国和台湾问题,重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长,此前曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长,以及华盛顿记者。他在新冠疫情期间常驻中国进行报道。

Harry Stevens是《纽约时报》记者和图表编辑,报道气候变化、能源和自然界新闻。

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Trump Expands Travel Ban and Restrictions to 20 More Countries

17 December 2025 at 08:49
People from Syria, South Sudan and those with documents issued by the Palestinian Authority are included in the latest restrictions. More than 35 countries are now under U.S. travel restrictions.

© Dakota Santiago for The New York Times

Beyond the travel restrictions, the ban could have major ramifications for nationals of those countries already in the United States.

王毅:日本曾借“存亡危机”之名发动侵略 历史教训不能重演

17 December 2025 at 08:24

随着中日紧张关系持续加剧,中国外长王毅说,当年日本军国主义以“存亡危机事态”为幌子,悍然对外发动侵略战争,这一历史教训决不能重演。

据央视新闻报道,王毅上星期五(12月12日)至星期二(16日)访问阿联酋、沙特、约旦,行程结束后接受中国媒体采访时说,他在访问中向上述三国介绍台湾问题的历史事实和法理经纬,表明中国坚决反对日本现职领导人在台湾问题上干涉中国内政。

王毅说,三国重申坚持一个中国原则,坚定支持中国维护国家主权和领土完整,支持中国实现国家统一。

他提到,相互支持彼此维护好核心利益,这是中阿友好的历史基础和政治底色。阿拉伯民族同中华民族一样,都受过殖民统治压迫,更能对中国感同身受。“阿方支持中国在台湾问题上的正当立场,也是对国际关系基本准则的维护,证明一个中国原则深入人心。”

王毅指出,今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年,当年日本军国主义正是以所谓“存亡危机事态”为幌子,悍然对外发动侵略战争,这一历史教训决不能重演。全世界所有珍视和平国家都要高度警惕军国主义、法西斯势力的抬头,都要坚决阻止试图为殖民侵略张目的言行。

高市早苗11月7日在众议院预算委员会上称,“台湾有事”可能成为允许日本行使集体自卫权的存亡危机事态。这一言论被解读为日本可能武力介入台海问题,引发中日持续一个多月的外交风波。

中国公布《全民阅读促进条例》 推进书香社会建设

17 December 2025 at 07:49

中国国务院总理李强签署国务院令,公布《全民阅读促进条例》,自2026年2月1日起施行。

据中新社报道,《条例》旨在促进全民阅读,推进书香社会建设,增强全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素养,提高全社会文明程度,推动建设社会主义文化强国。《条例》共六章45条,主要规定了以下内容。

一是明确总体要求。明确全民阅读促进工作指导思想,规定构建全民覆盖、普惠高效的全民阅读促进体系,强调提高出版质量,推出更多优秀出版物,推动形成全社会爱读书、读好书、善读书的浓厚氛围。

二是加大全民阅读推广力度。鼓励开展内容健康向上、展现文化底蕴、形式丰富多样的全民阅读推广活动。培育全民阅读活动品牌,做好优秀出版物推介,引导公民阅读优质内容。规定每年4月第四周为全民阅读活动周。支持利用信息技术开展全民阅读推广活动,扩大活动影响力。

三是提升全民阅读服务质量。科学合理规划建设全民阅读设施,鼓励机关、学校、企业事业单位、公共服务机构等设立相应阅读设施。规定根据实际情况采取政策措施支持实体书店发展,鼓励实体书店改善阅读条件、开展阅读活动。支持数字阅读与传统阅读相结合,要求数字阅读服务提供者加强内容管理,推送优质数字阅读内容。鼓励和支持社会力量依法参与提供阅读服务,建设公共阅读空间,开展旧书交换流通,丰富全民阅读场景。

四是强化全民阅读保障措施。扩大全民阅读覆盖面,重点扶助农村地区、革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、欠发达地区的全民阅读。强化对未成年人、残疾人、老年人等的阅读保障,规定提供适宜读物、开设阅读课程、支持全民阅读无障碍设施建设、优化适老服务标准等措施。明确制定乡村阅读计划,推动城乡基本公共文化服务均等化。

Rob and Michele Reiner's son Nick to face murder charges in parents' deaths

17 December 2025 at 05:58
Watch: Prosecutor announces charges against Nick Reiner in parents' deaths

Prosecutors in Los Angeles have filed murder charges against a son of Rob and Michele Reiner, the Hollywood couple who were found dead in their home with multiple stab wounds on Sunday.

Nick Reiner, 32, is facing two counts of first-degree murder and could be sentenced to life in prison if found guilty. He will be brought to court to formally face charges after he is "medically-cleared" by prison officials, District Attorney Nathan Hochman said.

During a news conference on Tuesday, Mr Hochman also said no decision had yet been made about whether to seek the death penalty.

Rob Reiner directed several iconic films in a variety of genres, including This is Spinal Tap, Misery and A Few Good Men.

Michele Singer Reiner was an actress, photographer and producer, and the founder of Reiner Light, a photography agency and production company.

Their son Nick Reiner is facing two counts of first degree murder, "with a special circumstance of multiple murders," according to Hochman. That enhancement could lead to a stiffer sentence if he is later found guilty.

District Attorney Hochman said he also is accused of using a "dangerous and deadly weapon, that being a knife".

The suspect is currently undergoing medical testing to ensure that he can attend court. He is expected to appear before a judge later on Tuesday for an arraignment hearing, where he will be able to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.

LA Police Department Chief Jim McDonnell also spoke during the news conference, describing how the case has reverberated throughout the city.

"This case is heartbreaking and deeply personal, not only for the Reiner family and their loved ones, but for the entire city," he said.

"We extend our deepest condolences to everyone affected by this tragedy."

Getty Images Rob Reiner, Michele Singer, Romy Reiner, Nick Reiner, Maria Gilfillan and Jake Reiner at "Spinal Tap II: The End Continues" Los Angeles Premiere held at The Egyptian Theatre on September 09, 2025 in Los Angeles, California. (Getty Images
Nick Reiner (right) is accused of killing his two parents

During the news conference, officials declined to say how the suspect was located, attributing his arrest to "good, solid police work".

District Attorney Hochman added that it is too early to say whether any "mental illness" played a role in the crime, and speculated that it could come up at trial.

"If there is evidence of mental illness, it will appear in court, in whatever details the defence seeks to present," he said.

Jared Kushner’s Affinity Partners Pulls Out of Bid for Warner Bros. Discovery

17 December 2025 at 08:09
Affinity Partners, Mr. Kushner’s private equity firm, played a small financial role in Paramount’s $108 billion offer, but it had attracted political attention to the deal.

© Haiyun Jiang for The New York Times

Jared Kushner, President Trump’s son-in-law, founded his investment firm, Affinity Partners, shortly after the end of Mr. Trump’s first term.

大众 ID.Polo 暂无入华计划,起售超 20 万元,没勇气面对国产车?

By: 李华
17 December 2025 at 08:07

当市场还在讨论各种三排大六座的时候,有两辆不太一样的小车突然出现在我们跟前——

大众 ID.Polo 和 smart #2。

放到十年前,这两个名字绝对是车圈的头条。但在 2025 年的当下,大家对小车的关注度似乎只剩下了一个指标:够不够便宜。在当下,尺寸成了衡量价值的绝对标尺,小车要么是用来占号的工具,要么就是单纯的通勤代步,鲜少有人再把它们和「品质」或者「向往」联系在一起。

▲大众 ID.Polo

▲smart #2

但这两款即将问世的新车,值得我们停下来聊一聊。这倒不是因为它们的参数有多惊人,而是大众和 smart 这两家老厂牌,在面对中国这个全球竞争最激烈的电动车市场时,做出了截然相反的选择。

大众选择让曾经的平民神车 Polo 体面地留在欧洲,而 smart 决定把那台注定会被市场冷落的 #2 带到中国。一进一退,这是两种完全不同的生存逻辑。

ID.Polo 的体面和大众的算盘

最新的报道证实,大众不再执着于用 ID.2 这样冰冷的代号来教育用户,而是直接把那台计划在 2026 年量产的新车命名为 ID.Polo。

这是一个非常聪明的决定。对于大众来说,Polo 这个名字本身就意味着某种无需解释的信赖感。而且从目前披露的信息来看,这台车的产品力并不弱。基于升级后的 MEB+ 平台打造,车身尺寸维持在 4 米左右,但内部空间利用率提升明显,甚至还会在后续推出拥有 226 马力的 GTI 版本。

▲ID.Polo GTI

如果在十年前,这绝对是一台能在中国市场引发抢购的爆款。然而,大众乘用车品牌 CEO 施文韬却公开表示:ID.Polo 暂时没有进入中国市场的计划。

他对此的解释颇为耐人寻味。施文韬认为中国市场的审美取向与欧洲截然不同,中国消费者更偏好那种前卫且富有张力的设计,言下之意是 ID.Polo 这种传承经典的造型在中国可能吃不开。

▲ID.Polo

这番话听起来非常得体,它把一款车无法引入的原因归结为「文化差异」这种感性的因素。但或许,这背后还有更真实的商业层面的考量——

ID.Polo 在欧洲的起售价定在了 2.5 万欧元,约合人民币 20.6 万元。

在中国当下的市场环境里,这是一个极其尴尬的数字。手握这笔预算的消费者,选择实在太多了。即便它国产后的价格降到 10 万元这个位置,吉利、比亚迪和五菱早就构筑了一道严密的防线。

大众非常清楚,ID.Polo 在欧洲或许能凭借品牌光环维持溢价,但在这个价格战打到白热化的中国市场,它引以为傲的机械素质和经典设计,很难在与国产车型的配置单对决中占到便宜。

与其把这款全球车型引进来然后被迫卷入无休止的价格战,不如索性将其留在欧洲。大众在中国选择了另一条路,那就是依靠「特供」,比如广州车展上的 ID. ERA、ID. AURA。大众现在的思路就是用中国本土的供应链和技术,去造符合中国成本结构的电动车。

▲ 广州车展里的 ID. ERA,采用增程动力

ID.Polo 不错,但它属于欧洲,不属于卷到极致的中国。

比销量更重要的,是品牌

与大众的战略性撤退不同,smart 做了一个看似有些头铁的决定。那台主要由奔驰负责设计、吉利负责生产的 smart #2 已经开始了测试,并且明确会保留双座布局,成为经典车型 ForTwo 的继任者。更重要的是,这台车会进入中国市场。

▲smart #2

很多人可能会觉得 smart #2 在国内的前景并不乐观。毕竟在国内的微型车市场,五菱宏光 MINIEV 和吉利星愿早就把价格门槛拉到了地板上,而作为一台挂着 smart 标的所谓「精品小车」,#2 的定价注定不会便宜。在一个讲究量大管饱的市场里卖这样的一台两座车,听起来就是一笔赔本买卖。

但吉利和奔驰显然算过这笔账。

smart 现在的处境其实挺微妙,不管是已经上市的 #1、#3,还是体型庞大的 #5,以及即将到来的轿车车型 #6,这些车承担的任务是走量,是赚钱,但也让这个品牌变得越来越重,越来越像是一台普通的吉利。

▲刚上工信部公告的 smart #6

而 smart #2 的存在并不是为了刷销量数据,它是这个品牌的锚点。它负责告诉大家,即便为了生存不得不造大车,smart 依旧可以是那个能在城市缝隙里穿梭的精灵。没有 #2 带来的品牌光环,#5 和 #6 就很难讲好故事。

ID.Polo 和 Smart #2 看似南辕北辙,却殊途同归地把国内小车市场的尴尬摊开在了台面上:

在这个市场里,极致好用的代步工具比比皆是,唯独少了那些真正有态度的作品。

回顾这两年的国产小车,吉利星愿也好,比亚迪海鸥也罢,销量确实非常惊人。但这更多是供应链成熟带来的红利。车企把以前不属于这个价位的配置塞进了车里,把彩电、大沙发下放了,让乘坐体验变得更好了。但这并没有改变它们作为「工具车」的属性。

这让我想起了一个很有意思的现象:现在的外卖行业开始卷工服设计了,越来越注重剪裁和品牌表达。

京东和淘宝闪购骑手服的大火,在以往是难以想象的,外卖行业刚兴起,大家关注的是能不能准时吃到饭,只有当「吃饱」不再是问题,行业才开始有余力去关注形象和文化。

国内小车市场也是一样,现在的热销车型,本质上是更好的「雨衣」,而不是表达个性的时装。

两厢车其实是最考验车企态度的品类。在局促的尺寸里,既要保证基本的实用性,又要做出独特的驾驶质感和内外饰巧思,这比造一台堆料的大 SUV 难得多。历史上真正能被记住的小车,无一例外都是有鲜明性格的。

大众因为觉得拼不过「性价比」而带走了 ID.Polo,smart 为了「保住调性」而带回了 #2。留给自主品牌的问题是,当我们把供应链卷到极致之后,谁能率先迈出那一步,去造一台真正属于中国市场的精品小车?

目前看来,蔚来的萤火虫和零跑的 Lafa5 或许值得期待。特别是如果它们能跳出单纯的配置竞赛,去在这类车型最稀缺的「个性」和「设计」上下功夫,那才算是真正接住了这波消费升级的浪潮。

等到消费者意识到小车也可以是一种审美表达时,只有那些提前准备好的品牌,才能接得住这泼天的富贵。

中国车市的一道附加题

比起大热的三排大六座,两厢车市场或许是更得我们观察的行业切片。

大众 ID.Polo 的缺席固然让人觉得有些遗憾,它带走了一种经历了数十年打磨的欧洲造车哲学。但换个角度看,这恰恰给中国车企留出了一块不错的试验田。

很长一段时间里,我们在小车这个领域都在做填空题,什么配置缺了就补什么,哪里空间小了就拉大哪里。这种解题思路在早期非常有效,它迅速填补了市场的空白,让每个人都买得起车。但当所有的空都被填满,当所有的车都变成了性价比极高的六边形战士,市场就会因为过度同质化而变得乏味。

我们期待蔚来的萤火虫,期待零跑的 Lafa5,或者其他还没露面的国产新车,能换一种解题思路。我们希望看到中国车企不再仅仅把小车当作拉低门槛的工具,而是真的把它们当作一个独立的、值得尊重的品类去打磨。

一个成熟的汽车社会,不应该只有一种声音。街道上不应该只有为了生存而奔波的实用工具,也应该有为了悦己而存在的精致玩具。当有一天,我们愿意为了设计、为了驾驶乐趣、为了那一点点与众不同的态度,去为一辆国产小车买单,而不是仅仅因为它可以省下几块钱油费时,中国汽车工业才算真正完成了从大到强的最后一块拼图。

如果大众 ID.Polo 真的不来,那我们希望在 2026 年的街头,能看到足以替代甚至超越它的中国面孔。这不仅是市场的胜利,也是审美的胜利。

带轮子的都关注,欢迎交流。 邮箱:tanjiewen@ifanr.com

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语言学习和考试经验分享:荷兰语半年过B1的有效路径和Tips

学习一门崭新的语言的语言,是感受自己跃跃欲试,一腔热血,许多挫败,无能为力,再把自己收拾起来越过一个个坎的过程。语言学习没有尽头,还好考试有尽头。

花了半年多的时间每天学6-10个小时把荷兰语学到了B1,又抢考位抢不到抢到了被作弊的人搞取消,四门考试从夏天考到了秋天,最后在终于在冬天收到了全部通过的消息!

就我学习英语,西班牙语,荷兰语的经验和广泛看书看youtube视频多语言人士的语言学习方法的总结,这个世界最有效的语言学习方法就是:代尔夫特学习法(delft method),也叫尚雯婕学习法,也叫100LS学习法,也是跟读学习法,也叫婴儿语言学习法。或者说所有人类学会自己的母语,都是这么学会的:通过听和跟说/跟读。

在我们还不识字,不会写字的时候,我们就已经会中文了,学习的方法就是听父母和周围人每天说,我们当“复读机”。所以无论你此刻在学习任何语言,我都建议采用这个人类最自然也最科学的方法来学习:即通过听一句话,跟读它,多次听,多次跟读,记住这句话(不仅大脑皮层记住了单词语法句子搭配,也通过耳朵和口腔的肌肉记住了它)。

多语言者学会语言的核心经验也是:找一个language parent(语言家长),你把自己当baby跟它学。

荷兰语的“代尔夫特学习法”就是这样:一篇精彩有意思的课文,在网上分成了每一句,点击每一句收听后,跟读录音,系统有AI会判定你哪个词读得不准确会标红。你就再一次重听,重读,直到把这句话的每个词读对,整个句子全是绿色。这个AI系统,成了你的language parent.

每次我把一篇文章全部听和跟读完,都需要2-3个小时,下巴和整个口腔都在发麻。跟读完还有文章的填空练习,听写练习,和文章中的语法练习。上课的时候老师就会让把书合上,提问书中的各种问题,需要自己真正搞明白了内容,并使用自己学会的句子和搭配来回答,同时还有写作题目的练习。

因此它把听说读写和语法都全方位练得非常扎实:让你既形成肌肉记忆,也形成理性思考的大脑记忆。不让你背单词,但是几乎让你通过无数次跟读,填空,听写和回答问题(使用你学到的东西)来让你背了所有东西,让你在有context,有上下文的情况下记住了单词和它们的用法。

非常坦诚地说,这是我学习语言以来,遇到的唯一科学的学习方法。而我在中国学习英语的过程,虽然我雅思也考了7.5,四六级都是六百多,过了英语专八,拿了全国大学生英语竞赛二等奖,但是我感受到的我从英语课堂上接受到的学习方法,仿佛生怕我学会英语似的。而我们中的绝大多数人,学了十几年英语,在大学考4级的时候(差不多就是B1水平,甚至还不考口语和写作)依然极其艰辛,归根结底,不是人的问题,而是教学方法的问题

所以无论你此刻在学哪门语言,只要你是真心想学会的,我都推荐代尔夫特学习法。

在荷兰有专门的delft method荷兰语的课程,当我报这个课程准备半年到1年达到B1水平时,我刚好有一位荷兰语特别好的朋友,她来荷兰七八年了,有荷兰家庭,日常就能进行荷兰对话,还有一位退休的荷兰人一对一每周对她进行荷兰语教学,相当于真的有language parents. 彼时她正在准备荷兰语B1考试,她觉得我这个半年到1年的计划疯了,因为她的老师说没有亚洲人可以做到这件事。但是delft method帮我做到了半年完成B1课程,顺利通过结业考试的目标。

不过坦诚地说,语言的确是靠时间和日常积累的过程。虽然我俩都通过了B1考试,但是她日常生活用荷兰语和荷兰人简直是无缝聊天的水平,而我必须得对方说得慢说得简单,我才可以聊半个小时(且我主说,因为对方一旦说话快,我就听不懂)。

我能半年通过B1国家级考试,不是因为我有语言天赋,而是上课的方法科学+我精心准备考试的结果

荷兰也有很多免费的荷兰语课程,大家也可以搜索Sagènn这个机构(只有稍大的城市有)和wijk centrum(社区中心),基本都可以获得免费的荷兰语课。倘若你要上学或者上班,就可以上这种比较低强度的课,以一种正常的节奏,达到B1的水平(大概2-3年)。倘若你有半年集中相对空闲的时间,就建议花钱上delft method的课(delft和tilburg都有,估计其它城市也有),学得更有效更扎实。我有一位朋友在其它地方上到了B2才开始学er的用法,我的课简直从B1刚开始就开始学了。而且这个课的课本内容,能帮助你了解荷兰的方方面面,而且相当有思辨力和有趣,有intellectual humor. 而其它的教材我也有看过,它们更偏日常生活。

虽然日常生活在日常更有用,但是日常有用的东西我们迟早会学会的,而用荷兰语呈现的有思辨有趣的内容,我们很难自己主动找着去看,通过课本学到了就会很好。我的一位朋友也是市面主流几乎所有教材都用过,她最后也是发现delft method的教材内容最好。

说完了资源,渠道,和学习方法,我来分享一下我准备考试的具体方法和心得。我对很多人说多次无法通过四级考试一直非常震惊,因为它都和英语能力关系并不大,它本质是一个考试,只要用正确的备考方法,它很难不通过。所以在这里也分享一下大部分语言考试都能用到的备考方法。

这里面有帮助我从一头雾水到开窍听懂以及各种最高效的准备考试的资源素材,以及网上没有我同学发给我的能省巨大功夫的的口语题库。不是所有人都需要考这个考试,我就在这里设置一个分割墙。在准备语言考试的时候倘若心态崩塌,可以看这一篇文章:如何和挫败感,焦虑及自我怀疑面对面:它们并非高山

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万科试图再次争取债权人支持以避免违约

17 December 2025 at 07:14
万科公布一份修订后的票据展期方案供债权人投票,试图再次争取支持以避免违约。 (路透社档案照)

中国房地产巨头万科公布一份修订后的票据展期方案供债权人投票,试图再次争取支持以避免违约。

据彭博社报道,根据提交给上海清算所的文件,对于星期一(12月15日)到期的20亿元人民币(约3.66亿新元)中期债券,持有人可在12月22日上午10时初始宽限期结束前对提案进行表决。

万科最初提议将该债券的本金和利息兑付均延后12个月,但这一方案被债权人否决。

万科在星期二(12月16日)的声明中表示,公司拟在下周一前支付原定于12月15日到期的6000万元利息。上述宽限期间未偿付本金按照3.00%计息,展期期间的新增利息随本金的兑付一同支付。

这家背负500亿美元附息债务的公司还寻求将本息兑付日之宽限期由五个工作日延长至30个交易日,以争取更多谈判时间。

万科将于周四召开债券持有人会议讨论最新方案。议案需要持有本期债务融资工具表决权超过总表决权数额90%的持有人同意后方可生效。如果初始宽限期结束时既未付款也未达成其他协议,债券持有人可宣布违约。

报道称,万科的困境凸显了中国在房地产危机进入第五年之际所面临的更广泛挑战。包括银行在内的金融机构整体上对受困房企变得不再耐心。在许多城市,新建住房价格继上月录得一年中最大跌幅后,11月继续环比下滑。

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