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Today — 18 December 2025Main stream

Morocco accused of ‘horrific’ abuse of detained gen Z protesters

18 December 2025 at 14:00
A young Arab man seen from behind is frogmarched across a main road by two men in civilian clothes guardian.org

The arbitrary detention of hundreds of gen Z protesters in Morocco and alleged “horrific” beatings have been condemned by human rights groups, as the country prepares to host the Africa Cup of Nations on Sunday.

A wave of youth-led demonstrations swept across Morocco in late September and early October – the biggest since the 2011 Arab spring – in protest at underfunded healthcare and education.

The government responded to the protests, known as “Gen Z 212”, after the country’s dialling code, by arbitrarily arresting thousands of people, human rights groups said. The Guardian was told that people had been beaten and left for hours without food or water while in police custody.

“My son was at a snack bar having dinner when he was arrested. He was not even protesting,” said a mother whose 18-year-old son had been detained for more than two months.

She said her son had been hit so badly during the arrest that “he even lost some of his teeth”. She said he was beaten again in police custody “simply because he refused to sign police papers of his hearings”.

Female protesters were victims of “acts of harassment, insults, and crude and sexist remarks”, said Souad Brahma, president of the Moroccan Association of Human Rights (AMDH). Some also reported incidents of “inappropriate touching”.

Three protesters were shot and killed, allegedly by security forces, at a protest on 1 October in the town of Lqliâa, near the popular Atlantic tourist hotspot of Agadir. A further 14 protesters were injured, including children as young as 12 left with firearm wounds. The authorities claim a group of protesters stormed the local police station, to which officers responded.

So far, more than 2,400 people are being prosecuted in connection with the protests, and dozens who took part in a non-violent demonstration have been charged with acts of violence, according to Amnesty International.

Dozens had already received prison sentences, some of up to 15 years, said AMDH, which denounced the absence of lawyers during hearings, insufficient investigations and the lack of presumption of innocence. It said hundreds more, including children, remained in detention.

A Human Rights Watch spokesperson, Ahmed Benchemsi, said: “The government clearly got scared and orchestrated this crackdown to send a strong message that they will not tolerate any form of dissent.”

In the aftermath of the unrest, the government said it was committed to social reforms and announced increased spending on healthcare and education.

As Morocco prepared to host the African Cup of Nations, there were renewed reports of unrest in several Moroccan cities, with protesters demanding the release of detained gen Z demonstrators.

There was also criticism after flash floods killed 37 people this week in the Atlantic coastal province of Safi, with protesters saying the government was prioritising international prestige projects over essential infrastructure and services.

But Moroccan human rights groups said many young people remained fearful of returning to the streets again because of the alleged beatings and forced confessions after the September and October protests.

“We have heard horrific testimonies of torture while in police custody,” said Mustapha Elfaz, from the Marrakech branch of the AMDH.

“Some detainees were forced to strip. One mother said her son and his friend were beaten so badly with electrical wires on their legs the marks were still visible weeks later. Her son remains in prison.”

Elfaz said many protesters and families would not reveal what had happened to them for fear of repercussions. “What happens inside prisons now remains largely hidden,” he said.

A lawyer in Casablanca, who has joined a group of about 50 volunteers across the country defending protesters, told the Guardian that there were “multiple procedural violations regarding arrests and police custody”, with severe sentences handed down on insufficient evidence and rushed reports.

The Moroccan authorities said all conditions required for a fair trial were respected from the moment of arrest, with police reports drawn up lawfully and verdicts rendered within reasonable timeframes.

Last week, six relatives of two victims killed at the protest in Lqliâa said they were detained by the police after standing outside parliament in the capital, Rabat, holding pictures of their loved ones. The families said the police took their phones and “deleted everything related to the gathering” before later ordering them to leave the city.

“We just want justice, a transparent investigation and accountability for those responsible,” said a relative of one of those killed, Abdessamade Oubalat, a 24-year-old film-maker.

The Moroccan authorities said the families were taken to a police station after refusing to comply with orders to disperse. It said they had not been arrested or taken into custody.

Alarmed youths look out of a bus window at something happening to one side while older people look awayA scared0-looking boy is dragged away by a riot policeman in a helmet and carrying a shield as other police run alongsideA hand holding the photo of a young Arab man and a folder of documents

I've realised I can make a difference - Hoy

18 December 2025 at 14:17
Sport Insight

I've realised I can make a difference - Hoy

  • Published
Sir Chris Hoy holding up two Olympic gold medals Image source, Getty Images

Sir Chris Hoy is in his kitchen, chatting about early-morning coffee and fry-ups.

And mindsets.

An Olympic champion's mindset to be exact.

An exacting, leave-no-stone-unturned, meticulous mindset that defined a career in which he won six gold medals and one silver across four Olympic Games.

This is the same mindset he is relying on more than ever to reframe his entire existence and purpose following a terminal cancer diagnosis.

"We normally have a fry-up for breakfast but, when you guys are here, we need to make an effort," he jokes.

The "you" in this instance are the BBC cameras that have been following Hoy and his family and friends for the past 12 months for the documentary Sir Chris Hoy: Cancer, Courage and Me.

The programme will be broadcast for the first time at 21:00 GMT on Thursday, 18 December on BBC One and available from 22:00 GMT on BBC iPlayer and the BBC Sport website and app.

It shows a hopeful, yet raw, portrayal of the realities of living with stage four cancer, while it also brings to life Hoy's realisation that he can use his platform as a force for raising awareness, and money, for other people living with the illness.

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Sir Chris Hoy: Cancer, Courage & Me

As he weighs his coffee – perhaps the number one area where Hoy's obsessive eye for detail manifests itself – the Scot is in an upbeat mood, laughing and joking with wife Sarra about their imagined usual morning scenario of a full English breakfast compared to the omelette and green homemade smoothie they are actually tucking into.

It has not been anywhere near this rosy for much of the past two years, however, as Hoy explains a few minutes later when the cameras are rolling properly.

"It's about five miles from the hospital back home," he says, describing his return journey from seeing doctors after learning of his cancer diagnosis in September 2023. "I just walked back in a daze. I don't remember the walk. I was just thinking, how am I going to tell Sarra? What am I going to say?

"As soon as I said the words, I broke down."

What Hoy had to articulate was a terminal cancer diagnosis. Incurable secondary bone cancer. Between two and four years to live.

"In my sporting career it used to be about process, not outcome," he says. "Focus on what you have control over. But if you win or lose, it's not life and death.

"[After the diagnosis] the stakes have changed dramatically. The principle is the same – but now it is life and death."

Hoy has shrewdly taken on support for this difficult time in his life.

Steve Peters is a man that Hoy knew could make a difference.

The list of sportspeople that Peters has worked with - the public list he is happy to talk about on the record - is a high-profile 'who's who' ranging from Steven Gerrard to Ronnie O'Sullivan.

The donkeys in the front paddock of the psychiatrist's countryside home bely that glitzy, glamourous list.

But their tranquil nature make complete sense when you spend a few hours in the company of Peters and Hoy.

Peters was Hoy's first port of call throughout his career when it came to training and calming his mind to be at its peak in and around Olympic competition.

He was also one of the first people Hoy called when he got his terminal diagnosis last year.

At first Peters was part of the firefighting phase of what Hoy's wife Sarra describes as a "deep grief" in the first few days post-diagnosis.

But in time, with Peters' help, Hoy set about finding a new purpose.

Firstly, it is to raise awareness of the limitations of the current provision for prostate cancer in the UK. Both Hoy's father and grandfather have had prostate cancer.

Understandably, given an earlier diagnosis could have shifted his diagnosis from terminal to manageable, the 49-year-old Scot argues eloquently that a national screening programme should be made a priority for men from their 45th birthday onwards.

But, crucially, his approach is also to show other people living with cancer that sport and exercise can still be a positive part of their lives, even through their treatment.

Peters explains: "What Chris did when he was presented with this illness is he said: 'Right, what's the plan?' After we worked through the initial stages of the shock and grief of it, then he came out the other side and he picked up on the purpose.

"And that was to reach other people. It became a mission for him."

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Sir Chris Hoy and his wife Lady Sarra recall the night they met

Peters knows all too well how unstoppable Hoy can be when a mission takes him over.

The pair have now worked together for more than 20 years, with perhaps their crowning moment coming at the Athens 2004 Games.

It was in the Greek capital that Peters' "pink elephant" technique helped Hoy win his first Olympic gold. In the run-up to Athens, Peters had encouraged Hoy to pre-empt a scenario in which his rivals broke the world record in the men's kilometre time trial before the Scot had his chance to ride. The scenario became reality on three occasions, but rather than falter, Hoy, the last to ride, responded with a world record of his own to take gold.

The mindset of that moment is one he is tapping into again with his approach to cancer. Control the controllables, but don't waste time worrying about the end result.

Just like in Athens.

"As I went to the start line, a personal best would have got me third," Hoy remembers.

"Recognising what you have control over is such an important part of life. Focus on what you have control over - but the outcome itself, you don't have control over.

"Steve helped me to access the best of myself, and get the best out of myself."

The BBC Breakfast and BBC Sport cameras witnessed Hoy, with the help of Lady Sarra - who herself is dealing with her own diagnosis of multiple sclerosis - making the best of his cancer diagnosis in the last 12 months.

They have followed Hoy and his family to doctor and physio appointments and out on mountain bike rides in Wales with a GB Olympic cycling A-list group of riders and friends.

That same cast list turned out in Glasgow in September as Hoy and a host of his supporters took his cycling fundraising event the Tour de Four from concept to delivery inside a few months.

'Overwhelming' response to Hoy mission

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Murray and Kennys on discovering 'superhero' Hoy’s cancer diagnosis

It is just after 9am in a back room of the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome in Glasgow – a few minutes before Hoy's charity mass participation cycling event, the Tour de Four, is due to get under way.

The ride was set up, and given its title, in an effort to change perceptions around stage four cancer.

Every time the door opens, a member of British Olympic and Paralympic royalty walks through it.

Sir Mark Cavendish, Sir Jason Kenny, Becky James, Dani King, Sir Ben Ainslie, Sir Steve Redgrave, Dame Sarah Storey...

In and among the clip-clop of cycling cleats comes another sporting knight.

This one is wearing tennis shoes.

Hoy goes over to check in with Sir Andy Murray about his readiness and is met with a typical sardonic quip from his fellow Scot.

Hoy asks: "Are you feeling ready mate?"

"Well, I've got the kit," Murray responds.

As it turns out, the two-time Wimbledon champion was woefully ill-prepared – completing the ride in tennis shoes and boxer shorts. Not typical road cycling gear, but typical of the response of Hoy's friends to his diagnosis.

"The response of friends has been quite overwhelming at times," Hoy says.

The friend response has been mirrored by that of the public.

September's Tour de Four raised more than £3m for cancer charities across the UK.

However, the highs of that success were followed in November by the UK National Screening Committee's recommendation that a prostate screening cancer programme for all men in the UK was not justified.

For Hoy, the fight to raise money and raise awareness is his new Olympic-sized mission and his response therefore was dignified, yet resolutely determined.

"I was quite astonished," he said. "I can't believe that the answer to this situation is to sit on your hands and do nothing. There are 10,000 men a year in the UK who find out they have prostate cancer too late – it's incurable.

"We're failing these men if we don't do something proactive. Regardless, I'm going to keep pushing."

Again, we meet his Olympic-honed mindset, targeted on a bigger mission.

"The Olympics was something that was my life for so many years and drove me on," Hoy says.

"I'm still incredibly proud of it now and I look back with great fondness, but this is something on an entirely different level.

"It's more important than riding bikes in anti-clockwise circles, put it that way."

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Sir Chris Hoy on his BBC documentary and 'speaking to the world'

  • You can watch Sir Chris Hoy: Cancer, Courage & Me on Thursday, 18 December at 21:00 GMT on BBC One, and from 22:00 GMT on BBC iPlayer and the BBC Sport website and app.

特朗普灾难性的芯片政策将助力中国

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特朗普灾难性的芯片政策将助力中国

BEN BUCHANAN, MATT POTTINGER
Mathieu Larone
特朗普总统上周宣布,将允许中国从美国企业英伟达公司购买先进人工智能芯片H200。他在今年夏天已做出向中国出售另一款先进芯片H20错误决定,如今更是错上加错。H200的性能约为H20的六倍,将为中国的军事和人工智能发展提供更大助力。
特朗普解释称,作为交换,美国政府将对H200的所有销售额收取25%的费用。但美国的国家安全和技术主导地位绝不应被标价出售——更不用说以如此低廉的价格。
多年来,特朗普和拜登政府均成功致力于在人工智能领域尽可能扩大针对中国的领先优势。2018年,特朗普第一任期政府明智地切断了中国主要企业获取最先进芯片制造设备的渠道;2020年,特朗普通过禁止向中国科技巨头华为出售先进芯片,帮助英国及其他盟友放弃部署不安全的中国5G电信网络。拜登政府大幅扩展了这些管控措施,并新增了多项限制。两届政府均表示,中国会利用美国制造的芯片开发更尖端的人工智能技术,实现军事现代化。
尽管中国自2014年起投入约2000亿美元推动芯片产业发展,但受上述政策限制,其先进人工智能芯片的研发与生产面临困难。目前中国生产的芯片性能均远未达到H200的水平。中国领先芯片制造商华为预计,其产品最早要到2027年底才能达到H200的性能标准——而这个预估本身就显得过于乐观。
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除了芯片性能不足,中国在大规模量产方面也面临挑战。特朗普政府官员今年6月作证称,中国每年仅能生产20万枚芯片,甚至不足以满足单个数据中心的需求。相比之下,台湾、美国及其他民主国家每年将生产超过1000万枚性能远超中国产品的芯片。总体而言,中国芯片提供的总算力仅为美国企业的1%至3%。
中国知名人工智能企业深度求索的首席执行官于2024年承认,获取芯片是公司发展的最大障碍。2025年夏天,有报道称深度求索尝试用中国本土芯片训练新系统,但以失败告终。几周前该公司发布最新模型时也承认,其系统性能仍落后于美国同类产品,并指出算力限制是主要原因。
特朗普上周宣布相关决定后,中国企业纷纷抓住机会抢购H200——这进一步证明了美国的芯片优势是实实在在的。
特朗普政府辩称,向中国出售芯片将使中国“依赖”美国产品,从而阻碍其提升本土产能的努力。但中国对此有着清醒的认识。特朗普宣布出售H200的决定后数日,就有报道称中国将追加投资700亿美元,用于提升本土芯片产能。据中共旗下《环球时报》上周日报道,英伟达的先进芯片仅会被中国科技企业用于完成向本土替代产品的过渡。
无论是太阳能电池板、电动汽车还是电信设备,中国都遵循着相同的模式:在本土产能赶上之前进口西方技术,随后将美国企业排挤出局。习近平主席长期以来一直强调,核心技术依赖他人就像“在别人的地基上盖房子”。
美国显然不应向中国出售其可能用于攻击美军和情报人员的先进技术。先进人工智能将提升中国的网络作战、情报分析能力和武器装备水平。有报道称,特朗普政府已得出结论:中国最大的人工智能企业之一阿里巴巴为中国军队提供技术支持,包括部分针对美国目标的行动(阿里巴巴否认了这一说法)。另有报道显示,深度求索公司规避美国出口管制,为中国军事和情报行动提供协助。中国采购文件表明,中国人民解放军也在设法获取美国先进芯片。
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跨党派的众议院中国问题委员会上周指出,中国将利用H200“强化其军事能力和极权监控体系”,并建议收紧而非放宽出口管制——这一判断是完全正确的。
特朗普政府深知人工智能对国家安全的重要性,这使其决策更令人费解。国防部长皮特·海格塞斯上周宣称:“美国战争的未来已至,其关键在于人工智能。”美国司法部最近对两名被控向中国走私H200芯片的个人提起诉讼时,也着重强调了国家安全问题:“这些芯片是人工智能优势的基石,对现代军事应用至关重要。掌控这些芯片的国家将掌控人工智能技术,而掌控人工智能技术的国家将掌控未来。”
目前,这个国家依然是美国。但在2017年,时任中国国务院总理李克强在北京会见特朗普时称,中国终将主导包括人工智能在内的所有技术领域,而美国届时除了大豆和玉米将几乎没有其他可出口的产品。特朗普上周的决定正助力这一看似遥不可及的梦想逐步成为现实。

Ben Buchanan是约翰·霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院的助理教授,也是人工智能和网络安全公司的顾问。Matt Pottinger是胡佛研究所的杰出访问学者,也是地缘政治研究公司Garnaut Global的首席执行官。

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How to recognise a genuine password request

By: hoakley
18 December 2025 at 15:30

One of the primary aims of most malware is to trick you into giving it your password. Armed with that, there’s little to stop it gathering up your secrets and sending them off to your attacker’s servers. One of your key defences against that is to know when a password request is genuine, and when it’s bogus. By far the best way to authenticate now is using Touch ID, but many Macs don’t support it, either because they can’t, or because their keyboard doesn’t, and there are still occasions when a genuine request may not offer it. This article looks at the anatomy of a range of genuine password requests. Note that these dialogs aren’t generated by the app, but come from the macOS security system, hence their consistency.

Traditional, no Touch ID

keychain

This authentication dialog is very important: although malware might try to forge it, it contains distinctive features you should always look for:

  • The icon consists of a locked padlock, on which is superimposed a miniature icon representing the app or component that has asked to access the keychain.
  • The bold text names the app or component that has called for keychain access, and states which item it’s asking to access: here, a named secure note.
  • The smaller lettering specifies that it’s asking for the keychain password, that is the password used to unlock the named keychain, not that for your Apple Account or any other password.
  • If you’re in any doubt about its authenticity, click on the Deny button and the request will be denied.
  • If you’re in any doubt about its authenticity, open Keychain Access, lock the keychain there, and repeat the action while watching the keychain to ensure that it’s unlocked and handled correctly.

Note this doesn’t provide or ask for your user name, only the password for that keychain.

Vertical, no Touch ID

keychain03

This newer vertical format should contain the following:

  • The icon consists of a locked padlock, on which is superimposed a miniature icon representing the app or component that is asking for your password.
  • Bold text names the app making the request.
  • Below that is a general indication of the purpose of the request.
  • Below that is the instruction to Enter your password to allow this.
  • There are two text boxes, to contain your user name (already completed) and password.
  • There are only two buttons, one of which may be OK or something more specific, and the other is Cancel.

If you’re in any doubt as to its authenticity, click on the Cancel button to deny the request, and consult the app’s documentation.

Here’s a similar version from Sequoia, seen in Dark Mode, with the same key features.

Touch ID

If your Mac supports Touch ID (all Intel Macs with T2 chips, and all Apple silicon Macs), and currently has a keyboard connected to it with support for Touch ID (Intel laptops and Apple silicon Macs only), macOS should offer you the biometric version of that authentication dialog.

passwordeg3

This should contain the following:

  • The icon consists of a Touch ID fingerprint, on which is superimposed a miniature icon representing the app or component that is asking for your password.
  • Bold text names the app making the request.
  • Below that is a general indication of the purpose of the request.
  • Below that is the instruction to Touch ID or enter your password to allow this.
  • There are only two buttons, the upper being Use Password…, and the lower is Cancel.
  • If you’re in any doubt as to its authenticity, click on the Cancel button to deny the request, and consult the app’s documentation.

This dialog has distinctive behaviour that’s difficult to forge. When you place your fingertip on the Touch ID button on the keyboard, it will either authenticate successfully, so dismissing the dialog, or the dialog shakes to indicate you should try placing your fingertip on the button again.

Here’s a more recent version from Tahoe, with the icon and text left-justified.

You will also see the icon with its fingerprint whorls filled in colour.

pwordprompt1

If Touch ID authentication fails, or you click on the button to Use Password…, the dialog expands to resemble the non-biometric version above, with the following two important differences:

  • The icon still consists of a Touch ID fingerprint, with a superimposed miniature icon representing the app or component.
  • The instruction remains to Touch ID or enter your password to allow this.

Terminal

Authenticating in Terminal, typically when using sudo, has less scope for distinctive detail, and might appear simpler to forge. However, macOS has a couple of tricks up its sleeve that are difficult to fake.

This contains the following:

  • The prompt consists of the single word ending with a colon, Password: Other words, such as System password, are fakes.
  • Immediately after the colon is a distinctive icon of a vertical white key on a grey rectangle. The closest you’ll see in standard Unicode is the Squared Key character ⚿ which is obviously different.
  • As you type in your password, not only are the characters not shown, but the same key icon remains where it is, and there’s no indication on screen that you’re typing anything in until you press Return. Fakes usually display characters as you type them in.

Again, if you’re in any doubt, simply press Return and exit without giving any characters of your password away.

Finally, no matter how rushed you might be, or sick to death of repeated authentication requests, check every one carefully before typing anything in, as if your Mac’s security depended on it. Because it does.

Australia Mourns the Youngest Victim of the Bondi Beach Shooting

18 December 2025 at 14:43
Sydney’s devastated Jewish community gathered for the funeral of “Matilda Bee,” an ebullient, smiling 10-year-old girl.

© Matthew Abbott for The New York Times

A mourner carrying a balloon bearing Matilda’s name and an illustration of a bee, an insect she was known to love, before her funeral in Sydney, Australia, on Thursday.

特朗普政府计划剥夺更多归化美国人公民身份

18 December 2025 at 02:45

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特朗普政府计划剥夺更多归化美国人公民身份

HAMED ALEAZIZ
8月在波士顿举行的一场归化仪式。特朗普政府一直在封堵移民系统的漏洞,并为寻求进入和留在美国的人设置障碍。
8月在波士顿举行的一场归化仪式。特朗普政府一直在封堵移民系统的漏洞,并为寻求进入和留在美国的人设置障碍。 Tony Luong for The New York Times
根据《纽约时报》获得的内部指导文件,特朗普政府计划以更强力的手段剥夺一些归化美国人的公民身份,这标志着特朗普总统移民打击行动进入了一个激进的新阶段。
这份指导文件是周二向美国公民及移民服务局地方办公室下发的,要求这些机构在2026财年“每月向移民诉讼办公室提供100-200个剥夺公民身份案件”。专家表示,如果这些案件成功,将代表近现代以来剥夺公民身份行动的一次大规模升级。相比之下,司法部数据显示,从2017年到目前仅有逾120个案件被提交。
根据联邦法律,只有在申请公民身份时犯下欺诈行为或在少数其他非常具体的情况下,才能剥夺公民身份。但特朗普政府表现出热衷于动用一切可用工具针对合法和非法移民,导致活动人士警告,这种行动可能波及那些在公民身份手续上犯下无心之失的人,并在守法美国人中播下恐惧。
这一指导文件出台之际,特朗普今年大部分时间都在堵上移民系统的漏洞,并为寻求进入和留在美国的人设置障碍。这场全面行动已超出清除非法移民的范围,包括南部边境的庇护禁令、美国境内庇护申请的暂停,以及针对主要来自非洲和中东国家的旅行者的入境禁令。官员们表示,他们的行动将使国家更安全,并维护国家的价值观。
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针对性地加大剥夺美国移民公民身份的数量是对一项本已声势浩大的行动的升级。
“美国公民及移民服务局的反欺诈战争优先针对那些非法获得美国公民身份的人——特别是在前一届政府时期——这已不是秘密,”局方发言人马修·J·特拉格瑟表示。“我们将对那些在归化过程中撒谎或虚假陈述的个人追究剥夺公民身份程序。我们期待继续与司法部合作,恢复美国移民系统的完整性。”
在采访中,一些前机构官员对公民及移民服务局领导层为剥夺公民身份行动设定的规模目标表示担忧。
“对剥夺公民身份案件施加任意的数字目标存在将公民身份撤销这一行动政治化的风险,”前服务局官员萨拉·皮尔斯表示。“要求每月配额达到近年来年度剥夺公民身份总数的10倍,这将把一个严厉且鲜少使用的工具变成钝器,并在数以百万计归化美国人中制造不必要的恐惧和不确定性。”
支持更严格移民法的倡导者表示,有必要更积极地清除那些不当获得公民身份的人。
“我认为我们远未达到剥夺太多人公民身份的地步,”持限制性移民政策的移民研究中心负责人马克·克里科里安表示。克里科里安说,国家“远未剥夺足够多人的公民身份”,这种努力不会波及那些不应被针对的人。
根据人口普查局数据,美国约有2600万归化公民。根据美国公民及移民服务局统计,去年有超过80万新公民宣誓入籍,其中大多数出生在墨西哥、印度、菲律宾、多米尼加共和国或越南。大多数被剥夺公民身份的人会恢复为合法永久居民。
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周二的新指导文件是阐述2026财年美国公民及移民服务局优先事项的文件的一部分,该财年开始于10月。与“提供员工反馈机会”和“加强高风险案件管理”等目标并列的是“追究剥夺公民身份”。
司法部此前也表示将在今年将剥夺公民身份作为优先事项。在夏季分发的一份备忘录中,官员们概述了他们的方法,表示将针对各种情况,不仅限于使用欺诈手段获取公民身份。司法部称这其中包括帮派成员、有金融欺诈行为的人、与贩毒集团有关联的个人以及暴力罪犯等。
“民事部门应在法律允许并有证据支持的所有案件中优先并最大限度地追究剥夺公民身份程序,”该机构在6月写道。
根据联邦法律,只有在申请公民身份时犯下欺诈行为或在少数其他非常具体的情况下,才能剥夺某人的公民身份。
根据联邦法律,只有在申请公民身份时犯下欺诈行为或在少数其他非常具体的情况下,才能剥夺某人的公民身份。 Charles Krupa/Associated Press
美国公民及移民服务局是剥夺公民身份过程中的关键参与者。该机构将案件转交司法部,后者必须通过联邦法院剥夺某人的公民身份。这一过程可以通过民事或刑事程序进行。在民事案件中,政府律师必须有“明确证据”证明某人非法获得公民身份,或在过程中隐瞒了重大事实。
因为政府必须经过艰难的法院程序,自1990年代以来剥夺公民身份案件一直罕见。彭博法律的一项分析发现,政府提起的剥夺公民身份案件在2018年达到峰值,当时提起了90个刑事和民事案件。“最高法院反复表示,公民身份和归化对我们的民主太过宝贵和根本,政府不能随心所欲地剥夺。移民及公民服务局不应浪费资源搜索美国人的档案,而应履行国会授权的处理申请职责,”拜登政府时期的前高级美国公民及移民服务局官员阿曼达·巴兰表示。
特朗普在其第一任期内也加强了剥夺公民身份行动。在一个广受关注的案件中,新泽西一名出生于印度的男子巴尔金德·辛格在司法部发现他无旅行文件或身份证明入境并使用不同姓名后,被剥夺公民身份。
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根据司法部发言人查德·吉尔马丁称,今年该部已提起13起剥夺公民身份案件,并胜诉八起。吉尔马丁今年早些时候在社交媒体上发帖表示,第一届特朗普政府期间向法院提起超过100个案件,而拜登政府期间为24个。2017年,最高法院裁定政府不仅必须证明某人在公民身份申请过程中撒谎,而且该谎言必须对潜在公民身份主张产生影响。
专家表示,尽管提交案件增加,但实际剥夺某人公民身份的过程可能仍相当困难,这引发了政府是否真正能够让许多案件得以推进的疑问。
尽管如此,一些人仍对这一指导文件可能预示的内容表示担忧。
“我的担忧是,正如我们在逮捕和驱逐中看到的那样,当国土安全部员工被赋予任意目标时,会发生不应被波及的人被波及的情况,这种情况也会发生在这些人身上,”无党派法律和政策组织布伦南中心高级研究员玛吉·奥赫伦表示。“这可能会在归化公民中引发恐惧和恐怖。”

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中国军方吁举报空军采购领域的腐败行为

18 December 2025 at 13:46

在北京持续推进军队反腐行动之际,中国人民解放军罕见地公开呼吁提供有关空军采购问题的举报线索。

军队采购网星期一(12月15日)发布《关于征集空军部队违规采购问题的公告》,称为进一步畅通违规采购问题反馈渠道,广泛接受社会监督,现面向社会公开征集违规采购问题有关信息。

公告称,主要受理空军部队组织开展的物资、服务类采购活动有关违规问题(含招标代理机构组织项目),包括但不限于需求编制、采购评审、合同履约、供应商处罚、招标代理机构遴选、网上采购等。

公告也提到受理方式及渠道,称参加空军部队采购活动的供应商、评审专家、招标代理机构、投标代理人,以及军队内部与项目相关人员,采取邮递方式实名反馈。公告具体列出了有关邮递地址和联络方式。

公告还写道,反馈问题应当客观真实、事实清楚、表述准确,相关佐证材料来源应当合法合规、真实有效,严禁借机诬告乱告,扰乱军队采购秩序,公告最后说,受理截止时间是明年6月30日。

据《南华早报》报道,军队采购网是供应商获取投标信息的主要平台,并称这是首次针对解放军某一具体军种提出此类请求。

这项公告发布之际,解放军正持续推进反腐行动,并加大对自2023年以来展开的军事装备采购领域审查力度。

自去年左右起,军队采购网开始定期发布警告,并公布对违反采购规定的相关单位和个人的处罚情况。

过去两年,军队反腐行动已导致多名高级将领落马,并波及中国军队几乎所有部门以及各大战区。

报道称,军事采购是北京打击解放军腐败的重点领域之一。

中国酒协理事长:白酒产业的春天一定会到来

18 December 2025 at 13:38

中国酒业协会理事长宋书玉称,白酒产业整体结构性繁荣趋势没有改变,春天一定会到来。

据人民财讯消息,五粮液星期四(12月18日)召开“第二十九届12·18共识共建共享”大会。

宋书玉在会上说,产业调整中,保持定力,坚定信心尤为重要。

他说,白酒产业长周期发展的底层逻辑没有改变,产业整体结构性繁荣趋势没有改变,美好生活对于美酒的需求没有改变,资本市场投资者依然对酒业保持信心和预期。在这个时候,对于产业发展的共识非常重要。

宋书玉说:“中国名酒的成功都是时间积累的丰碑,时间正在消化和解决产业的问题。我们虽然身处冬天,但春天一定会应时而来。 ”

中共中央、国务院今年5月修订《党政机关厉行节约反对浪费条例》,将禁酒范围从高档酒水扩大到所有含酒精饮料。

另外,后浪研究所去年9月发布的《2024年轻人喝酒报告》显示,年轻人喝酒排行榜上,啤酒位居第一名,白酒只排第四。

毕马威和中国酒业协会今年6月发布的《2025中国白酒市场中期研究报告》指出,今年只有21.1%酒企表示客户数量有所增加,白酒消费群体萎缩已经成为共识。

'Maybe she's an angel now' says aunt of 10-year-old Bondi victim

18 December 2025 at 12:15
EPA A man holds a balloon reading 'Matilda' during the funeral for 10-year-old Matilda a Bondi Beach shooting victim, at Chevra Kadisha Memorial Hall in SydneyEPA
Lina Chernykh tells the BBC her niece Matilda was a joyous child who spread love everywhere she went

The family of the Bondi shooting's youngest victim Matilda urged the community to not let her death fuel anger, as they said a final goodbye to the 10-year-old on Thursday.

Matilda was among 15 people who were shot dead when two gunmen opened fire on an event marking the start of Hannukah at Sydney's Bondi Beach on Sunday.

Speaking to the BBC at Matilda's funeral, her aunt Lina Chernykh said the Jewish community is right to want more action to stamp out antisemitism – she does too.

But she said Matilda was a joyous child who spread love everywhere she went, and urged the community to do the same in her honour.

"Take your anger and… just spread happiness and love and memory for my lovely niece," Ms Chernykh said.

"I hope maybe she's an angel now. Maybe she [will] send some good vibes to the world."

Jewish community leaders have in recent days suggested the tragedy was an inevitable result of Australia struggling to address rising antisemitism.

The attack on Sunday, which targeted the Jewish community at an event celebrating the first night of Hanukkah, was the country's deadliest incident since 1996, when a gunman killed 35 people during the Port Arthur massacre.

Ahead of Matilda's funeral on Thursday, Ms Chernykh said the family was devastated.

"I look at their faces [and] I don't know if they will be ever happy again," she said of Matilda's parents.

Matilda's younger sister, from whom she was "inseparable", is shattered and confused, she said.

"She doesn't have enough tears to cry."

At a flower memorial on Tuesday, Matilda's mother Valentyna told mourners that the family came to Australia from Ukraine more than a decade ago, thinking it would be a safe place for them.

"I couldn't imagine I'd lose my daughter here... It's just a nightmare," she said.

Ms Chernykh told the BBC she too has struggled to make sense of what is happening.

She was gardening at her home on the Gold Coast when Matilda's mother called on Sunday.

"Truly, I was thinking something happened to my father because he's 84 years old... and she says Matilda was shot," she recalled.

"How [could] someone in Australia understand, if someone tells you your kid was shot… I couldn't understand it. I was thinking I have bad reception. I asked a few times what I'm [hearing]."

Police have designated the attack a terrorist incident, with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese saying it appears to have been "motivated by Islamic State" group ideology.

Police allege that the two gunmen were a father and son. Sajid Akram, 50, was shot dead at the scene, while his son Naveed, 24, has been charged with 59 offences, including 15 counts of murder and one of committing a terrorist act.

Australia on Thursday announced it would strengthen laws to crack down on hate - including by introducing powers to cancel or refuse visas on grounds of antisemitism.

Australian PM announces crackdown on hate speech after Bondi shooting

18 December 2025 at 10:47
Getty A middle aged man with thinning grey hair and glasses, wearing a suit and tie, gestures as he addresses parliamentGetty
Anthony Albanese has announced new laws that will target 'those who spread hate'

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese says his government will crack down on hate speech following Sunday's deadly shooting at Bondi Beach that targeted a Jewish festival.

Fifteen people were killed when two gunmen opened fire at an event to mark the first day of Hanukkah.

New laws will target "those who spread hate, division and radicalisation", Albanese told reporters in Canberra.

The home affairs minister will also be given new powers to cancel or refuse visas for those who spread hate and a new taskforce will be set up to ensure the education system "prevents, tackles and properly responds to antisemitism".

The new laws will also include penalties for preachers and leaders who promote violence, a new federal offence of "aggravated hate speech", and the introduction of "hate" as an aggravating factor in sentencing crimes for online threats and harassment.

"Every Jewish Australian has the right to feel safe, valued and respected for the contribution that they make to our great nation," Albanese said.

"The terrorists, inspired by ISIS... sought to turn Australians against each other. Australians have responded to that act of hatred with love and sympathy for those in mourning."

Albanese added that his government would be "fully supporting and adopting" the recommendations put forward in July in a report by antisemitism envoy Jillian Segal, who also spoke at the press conference.

She said the country was "at a very important moment not only for our community, but for fighting antisemitism around the world."

Her report was criticised by some upon its release in July due to its implications for free speech, including plans to monitor universities and arts organisations and withhold funding if they were deemed to have failed to act against antisemitism. There were concerns for instance, that the funding could be used to silence pro-Palestinian protests.

Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke said the government was "shifting the threshold".

"There have been individuals who have managed to exploit a nation that had different principles of freedom of speech and have gone right to the limits of language that is clearly dehumanising, unacceptable, having no place in Australia, but have not quite crossed the threshold to violence," he said.

Meanwhile, Albanese acknowledged accusations from the Jewish community that his government had not done enough to prevent antisemitism since the 7 October attack on Israel by Hamas, and said more could have been done.

"I accept my responsibility for the part in that as prime minister of Australia," he said. "But what I also do is accept my responsibility to lead the nation and unite the nation. Because what people are looking for at this time isn't more division."

砍掉标准版!小米 SU7 换代起步即 Pro,价格或上涨 2 万元

By: 芥末
18 December 2025 at 13:53

上市两年,小米 SU7 即将迎来生命周期中最为关键的转折点。

作为小米汽车的开山之作,SU7 在 2025 年交出了一份沉甸甸的答卷:累计销量突破 25 万台,稳居 20 万以上纯电轿车市场第一梯队,在大多数月份都压过特斯拉 Model 3 一头。

但在进入第四季度后,这款曾经的「流量之王」开始显露疲态。刚刚过去的 11 月,SU7 销量从巅峰期的月销 2.9 万台回落至 1.25 万台。

▲制图:芝能汽车

这背后固然有自家新车型 YU7 分流的影响,但更核心的症结在于——站在 2025 年底回望,这款两年前发布的产品,在产品定义上已然有点落后于时代,

12 月 17 日,知名汽车博主韩路爆料,小米 SU7 换代车型将于 2026 年二季度上市。新车不仅配置大幅升级,售价预计也将上调约 2 万元。

如果爆料属实,换代后的 SU7 起售价或将从 21.59 万元提升至 23.59 万元左右,高配版本则突破 30 万元区间。

▲ 小米 SU7 目前售价

虽然接近 10% 的涨幅在业内并不多见,但涨价未必意味着销量的崩盘,消费者是否买单,取决于「升级的诚意」是否足以覆盖「价格的涨幅」。

一个近在眼前的成功案例是问界 M7。今年 9 月,换代 M7 选择涨价 3 万元,却依然凭借足够有力的升级,在 57 天内交付超 3 万台,这证明了只要产品力够硬,市场依然愿意为高价值买单。

2024 年 3 月 SU7 上市时,凭借外观设计与生态互联,它是 20 万级轿车市场最具竞争力的车型。但在极氪、小鹏等竞品已将 800V 高压平台下放到 20 万以内价位的当下,SU7 标准版和 Pro 版仍沿用的 400V 架构,已然成为了参数层面的硬伤,直接劝退了部分看重充电效率与能耗的消费者。

此外,入门款缺失激光雷达、不支持高阶城市 NOA 的差异化配置,也让 SU7 在日益内卷的智驾赛道上略显被动。

因此,根据供应链传出的消息,2026 款小米 SU7 的升级核心在于「补短板」与「超规格」。

首先是高压平台的全面普及。新车预计全系标配 800V高压架构,入门版车型也将具备 5C 级别的超充能力,彻底抹平与竞品在补能效率上的差距。

其次,各种智能化硬件也将全系标配。换代车型将不再对辅助驾驶能力进行高低配区分,而是全系标配激光雷达,并将智驾芯片升级为英伟达 Thor,算力远超现款 Orin-X,以便在高中低配车型上统一提供小米 HAD 高阶辅助驾驶能力。

在三电与底盘系统方面,换代 SU7 将引入 SU7 Ultra 同款的麒麟二代电池,新增电磁可调减振器,Max 版本升级为双腔闭式空悬。

▲小米 YU7 上搭载的英伟达 Thor 芯片

换代 SU7 若真如传闻所言实现全系激光雷达、全系 800V 高压平台和全系高算力智驾芯片,那么实际上相当于砍掉了目前的标准版,入门车型的硬件规格将直接对标当前的 Pro 版,产品序列实质上从「Pro 级」起步。

▲ 换代小米 SU7 谍照

除了产品自身升级带来的成本增加,外部供应链环境的变化也是促使价格上调的重要推手。

2025 下半年,沉寂已久的锂电原材料市场迎来结构性上涨。六氟磷酸锂价格两月翻倍,钴酸锂涨幅超 150%,电池级碳酸锂再度逼近 10 万元/吨关口。对于尚未形成如特斯拉、比亚迪般垂直整合规模的小米而言,原材料波动对利润率的冲击更为直接。

在成本红线抬高、低价竞争空间被压缩的背景下,通过配置升级支撑更高的 ASP(单车均价),或许是小米维持经营健康的唯一解法。

这可能也预示着 2026 年汽车行业的一个新趋势,在原材料成本上行周期内,车企将逐渐告别单纯的「以价换量」,转而寻求通过提升单车价值。

除常规换代外,小米也在扩展 SU7 产品线。近期曝光的长轴距版 SU7 L,轴距和车长均有所增加,旨在改善后排空间,切入对乘坐舒适性要求更高的细分市场。

结合即将推出的 YU9(家庭 SUV)、YU7 GT(性能 SUV)等新车型,小米正尝试通过多产品线覆盖家庭、性能与豪华三大场景。

在这种布局下,SU7 的定位也将发生微妙变化,它不再需要独自背负所有销量重担,而是可以更纯粹地聚焦于追求操控与科技尝鲜的年轻群体。

▲小米 SU7 L 渲染图,图片来源:@SugarDesign

当下的外部环境并不乐观。

乘联会数据显示,2025 年 12 月前两周,全国乘用车日均零售同比分别下滑 32% 和 17%,购置税优惠政策退坡叠加消费观望情绪,乘用车市场承压明显。

小米近期缩短交付周期、开放现车选配等动作,也被部分经销商解读为应对需求放缓的防御性举措。

从行业节奏看,21 个月推出换代车型,在传统车企中尚属中期改款范畴,但在当前中国新能源市场,多数品牌一年一迭代甚至半年一升级,小米已然显得有些保守。

在政策红利消退、竞品围剿、成本高企的三重压力下,小米必须利用这次换代来证明,在 20 万级的纯电轿车市场, SU7 仍然是最优选。

#欢迎关注爱范儿官方微信公众号:爱范儿(微信号:ifanr),更多精彩内容第一时间为您奉上。

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6 Takeaways From Trump’s Address to the Nation

18 December 2025 at 13:40
President Trump disparaged Democrats and insisted the economy is booming despite concerns about the cost of living.

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

President Trump in an address from the White House on Wednesday argued that U.S. economy under his leadership is in better shape than many voters think.

Fact-Checking Trump’s Prime-Time Address on the Economy

By: Linda Qiu
18 December 2025 at 12:30
The president cited misleading statistics to insist, wrongly, that prices were coming down.

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

President Trump used a prime-time address to praise what he cast as the economic gains under his administration.

Full Transcript of President Trump’s Speech on the Economy

18 December 2025 at 11:49
The president sharply attacked his predecessor while insisting that his own record contained nothing but victories.

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

“Over the past 11 months, we have brought more positive change to Washington than any administration in American history,” President Trump said in his address to the nation on Wednesday night from the Diplomatic Reception Room of the White House.

U.S. Military Announces 4 Killed in 26th Boat Strike

18 December 2025 at 12:54
The attack on Wednesday brings the total number killed to at least 99 since the Trump administration began bombing boats suspected of ferrying drugs in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

© Kenny Holston/The New York Times

U.S. attacks on boats off South America have drawn the ire of legal experts and many members of Congress, who contend that the strikes amount to extrajudicial killings and, potentially, war crimes.

Shock and Sadness Hang Over the Reiners’ Neighborhood

18 December 2025 at 13:41
Neighbors said a pall had fallen over the wealthy Los Angeles area where Rob Reiner and his wife, Michele, were found stabbed to death.

© Mario Tama/Getty Images

Holiday decorations and no trespassing signs on a gate outside the Reiners’ home on Tuesday.

Reiner’s Son Appears, Briefly, Before a Judge

18 December 2025 at 03:23
Nick Reiner, facing murder charges in the deaths of his parents, Rob and Michele Reiner, appeared at an arraignment that lasted just minutes before it was rescheduled for January. He has not entered a plea.

© Caroline Brehman/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

Alan Jackson, Nick Reiner’s lawyer, speaking to the media outside Los Angeles Superior Court on Wednesday. He asked the public not to “rush to judgment.”

Trump Officials Announce More Than $11 Billion in Arms Sales for Taiwan

18 December 2025 at 13:30
The move may reassure China hawks who are uncertain about the president’s commitment to the self-governing democracy.

© Ann Wang/Reuters

The arms package would include more than $4 billion each for high mobility artillery rocket systems, known as HIMARS.

中国芯片初创公司沐曦上市首日暴涨755%

18 December 2025 at 13:47
德才
2025-12-17T13:06:37.657Z
沐曦和摩尔线程均生产被称为图形处理器(GPU)的先进芯片,用于运行和训练人工智能工具

(德国之声中文网)中国高端芯片制造商沐曦(MetaX)周三(12月17日)在上海上市首日股价一度暴涨逾750%,反映市场对中国本土芯片厂商有望挑战美国芯片巨头英伟达(Nvidia)的期待。

投资者押注中国产芯片崛起

此前另一家中国芯片企业摩尔线程(Moore Threads)完成规模高达11亿美元的首次公开募股(IPO),并在本月初上市后股价暴涨425%。

沐曦和摩尔线程均生产被称为图形处理器(GPU)的先进芯片,用于运行和训练人工智能工具。

目前,GPU市场由英伟达(Nvidia)主导。受全球对人工智能的狂热需求和乐观预期推动,英伟达已成为全球市值最高的公司。

尽管沐曦和摩尔线程的规模远不及英伟达,但分析人士指出,投资者看重的是中国加快发展芯片产业、最终有望与这家美国巨头竞争的潜力。

沐曦在IPO中以每股104.66元人民币(约合14.86美元)定价,募资约5.858亿美元。上市后股价一度飙升至895元,涨幅高达755%,随后小幅回落至730.34元。

出口管制松动

中美两国为争夺人工智能领域的主导地位展开激烈竞争。据报道,由于华盛顿对英伟达高端芯片实施出口限制,北京一直鼓励科技企业更多使用国产芯片

但美国总统特朗普上周表示,他已与中国国家主席习近平达成一致,允许英伟达向中国出口其先进的H200芯片

H200芯片在技术上大约落后于英伟达最尖端产品18个月,而后者仍被禁止出口至中国。

尽管如此,这一举措标志着特朗普对前任拜登时期实施的出口管制政策逐渐松动

相关限制最早于2022年实施,理由是国家安全考量,包括担忧中国军方在技术上获得相对美国的领先优势。

政策扶持与资本加持

Tech Buzz China创始人马睿(Rui Ma)本月对法新社表示,出口管制“在中国为高端芯片创造了一个受保护的市场空间”。

她指出,在政策支持和更为雄厚的资本环境叠加作用下,国产GPU和AI加速器企业如今所面临的条件“远优于以往周期”。

“因此,摩尔线程、寒武纪、沐曦、壁仞科技(Biren)以及燧原科技(Enflame)等公司,正吸引大量投资者的关注。”

DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。

© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。

专访苹果科学家:睡得好≠得分高,睡眠评分是路标不是指标

By: 苏伟鸿
18 December 2025 at 13:46

在最近的 iOS 26.2 更新之中,有一个相当细节的更新,用户会发现自己「睡眠评分」获得的评价和以前不太一样了:

以往只要获得 70 分就能收获「高」评价,现在需要达到 80 分;而最高的等级「极好」不仅改名为「非常高」,也需要用户睡到 95 分以上的高分。

带着这些问题,和更多的想法,爱范儿与苹果健康团队的研究科学家,主攻睡眠医学方面的 Matt Bianchi 博士进行了一次专访。

在 2018 年加入苹果之前,Bianchi 博士在麻省总医院、哈佛医学院都工作过,研究失眠、睡眠呼吸暂停等等睡眠议题,这些都是苹果正在关注的健康领域。

在这次访谈开始前,其实我内心一直有个疑问:昨晚如果我拿下了「100 分」的睡眠评分,是不是就意味着我睡得特别好?

Bianchi 博士告诉我,并不。

睡眠这件事,有一个标准

在运动健康领域,苹果很喜欢「说人话」,像生命体征、睡眠呼吸暂停这些指标,其实都是苹果将体温、心率、血氧、呼吸等抽象的监测数据,转换成用户一眼能懂的图表。

Bianchi 告诉爱范儿,对于睡眠评分以及更多睡眠功能时,苹果遵循三个基本原则:

透明、客观、可理解。
Transparent, obejctive, easy to understand.

但这些指标主要是以范围和趋势的形式呈现,爱范儿问 Bianchi 博士,为什么要在睡眠这个行为上引入确定的、量化的打分方式,他的答案很简单:因为睡眠真的太重要了。

睡眠对我们的身心健康至关重要,我们希望能够有一个方式可以很容易地让用户可以看到自己在前一晚的睡眠状况如何,也希望能通过这种方式鼓励用户去行动起来,提升自己的睡眠品质。

在访谈中,Bianchi 博士多次强调,苹果的睡眠评分功能,都是基于美国睡眠医学会、世界睡眠基金会等多种组织的公开指引,结合苹果自己的心脏和运动健康医学研究,研发出一套算法。

苹果的睡眠评分系统主要以三个指标构成:

  • 持续时间,占 50 分
  • 就寝时间,占 30 分
  • 中断情况,占 20 分

这些指标并非单纯是苹果自己的研究结果,也是严格参考学界给出的公开指引和指南。Bianchi 博士称,希望这些透明、标准化的指标,能够为这个功能带来进一步的影响力。

美国心脏学会在今年的一份声明中,也指出了多维睡眠健康对心脏代谢功能的重要性,其中就提到了八大维度:睡眠时长、连续性、入睡时间、规律性、睡眠相关的日间功能、睡眠结构以及无睡眠障碍。

在使用睡眠评分的过程中,我发现自己确实可以根据睡眠评分的几条细分和反馈,去积极调整自己的作息习惯,比以往的「睡眠阶段」图表,更能发挥主观能动性,形成更好的睡眠习惯。

不过这也带来了一种错位,似乎以前我们关注的「深度睡眠时长」,和这个全新的睡眠评分并没有明显的关系,包括我在内不少用户发现,即使深度睡眠时间不长,也能有很高的分数,难道我们以前关注的这些数据意义不大?

对此,Bianchi 博士解释道,在「持续时间」这一维度中,评分权重本身就有明确分配——其中 40 分用于评估整体睡眠时长,5 分对应快速眼动睡眠的持续时间,另有 5 分分配给深度睡眠周期。

这样的分配,其实也体现了苹果对优秀睡眠的一种取向:时长为先,深度其次,能掌握的才最值得鼓励。

睡眠习惯 > 睡眠数据

关于睡眠评分,最大的争议往往来自于「完美睡眠主义」——即把改善睡眠的指标当成了必须考满分的 KPI,反而引发焦虑而睡不好。

对此,在 iOS 26.2 版本中,苹果做出了一个看似微小却意味深长的调整:

将评分的最高评级名称从「极好(Excellent)」调整为「非常高(Very High)」 。

在访谈的过程,Bianchi 其实也反复强调了睡眠评分的意义:

这个评分并不反映用户的主观感觉,它不是在反映「睡得好不好」这件事,它只是根据科学标准和我们的指引,所呈现的一个客观分数的总结。

这意味着,分数的涨跌不一定总是与你的主观感受同步。

苹果希望通过这种透明的方式,让用户直观地看到:在医学和科学的视角下,究竟什么样的睡眠才被定义为「健康」。

这一改动旨在消除「必须做到优秀」的心理暗示,使评价体系更加客观。

Bianchi 博士坦言,虽然底层的数值算法和科学指引没有变,但这一调整是基于用户反馈,为了让体验更贴合用户心理,避免盲目追求「高分」带来的压力 。

对于锻炼身体,苹果设计了「锻炼圆环」这种激励机制,完成得好会有奖励,还鼓励用户多和其他人竞争,获得更高的分数,完成圆环。

但睡眠分数很不一样,健康共享中没有这个指标,避免和其他用户对比,而不管高分和低分都不会有更多反馈。

一言蔽之:睡眠评分,和睡得好不好没有关系,更关心的是你如何能睡好,比起「指标」更像「路标」。

毕竟睡眠评分只是一个晚上的数据,但用户根据评分去改变自己的行为,形成良好的睡眠习惯,才是终身受益的事情。

睡眠评分中有 70 的分数都是围绕「睡眠行为」进行评判,而不是「睡眠质量」——只要用户按时作息、睡够时间,至少能获得一个「一般」的评价,而只要睡得安稳,高分也并不困难。

这种标准,是苹果依据大量公开的睡眠医学准则制定的,具有全球范围内的基本普适性。

Bianchi 博士也表示,对于赋分方式和评级,苹果也在倾听用户意见不断调整,iOS 26.2 整体将评级对应的分数提高,就是基于用户洞察的结果。

我问 Bianchi 博士,不同文化背景下,睡眠习惯也有所差异,比如中国人传统健康观念的「早睡早起」,但好像不会体现在睡眠评分中。

Bianchi 博士则表示:

其实美国传统医学很强调「早睡早起」,但在我们参照的科学性指引中非常强调所谓的「一致性(consistency)」。当然,如果用户是规律性早睡早起,其实也会反映在分数之中。

Bianchi 博士还提到了一个很小的例子:小睡。

在很多文化中,小睡特别是午睡是很重要的睡眠形式,其实苹果也考虑到了这点,小睡的时间也会计算到睡眠评分的「时长」之中。

这种「睡了就有得分」的机制,和其他睡眠追踪应用还不一样。一位用 AutoSleep 的同事表示,这个应用不仅很复杂,而且走的是一种「睡眠负债」的路线——只要睡不够,它就会让你第二天睡更多的时间来补偿,并且还会有一堆警告。

但苹果睡眠评分很简单,午睡不是「还债」而是「拿分」,睡得少也只是得分低,甚至得分也只是「一般」,同事觉得还不错。

▲ 同一个晚上,上面是 AutoSleep 的结果,下面是苹果健康

自初代 Apple Watch 到现在,苹果已经在健康医学的领域深耕了超过十年的时间,积累了海量的健康数据。

根据这些研究,苹果也正在推动 Apple Watch 乃至整个苹果健康生态的转型:从单纯绑在手腕上的一系列传感器,变成一个能指示身体状况的健康助理。

不管是睡眠评分,还是生命体征、睡眠呼吸暂停这些指标,本质上都是「透明、可理解、客观」三大原则的体现,从让用户看见数据,到鼓励用户做出改变。

更新 iOS 26 后,我确实每天睁眼之后的第一件事,就是看一眼手表上的睡眠评分——昨晚睡得对不对,一目了然。

我想这也是睡眠评分功能的设计初衷,这不是一个计分板,而是一枚指南针。

睡眠这件事,从来不应该只关心某一晚的好坏,而是一生的习惯。

#欢迎关注爱范儿官方微信公众号:爱范儿(微信号:ifanr),更多精彩内容第一时间为您奉上。

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中国机器人行业是否已出现泡沫?

简繁中文
纽约时报 出版语言
字体大小

中国机器人行业是否已出现泡沫?

MEAGHAN TOBIN, XINYUN WU
上月,一款新型中国人形机器人在演示过程中因太像人类,现场工作人员只得当众剖开机器人腿部。
上月,一款新型中国人形机器人在演示过程中因太像人类,现场工作人员只得当众剖开机器人腿部。 Jade Gao/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
中国初创企业研发的机器人已登上电视跳舞、登台打拳击,还跑马拉松。某公司上月推出最新机器人时,中国网友认为外观太像真人,现场工作人员只得当众剖开机器人腿部,展示其内部金属活塞结构。
尽管这类机器人引发了公众的广泛关注,外界对中国机器人产业发展过快的担忧也在不断加剧。目前这些机器人虽能模仿人类动作,甚至完成一些基础任务,却尚未熟练掌握人类当下承担的诸多工作技能。面对大批企业争相涌入的现状,中国政府已发出行业泡沫预警。
北京上月指出,国内已有超过150家制造商竞逐机器人市场,并警示称,该行业正面临“产品同质化严重”的风险。
“在新技术应用方面,中国向来采取先发制人的策略,”科技研究机构Omdia首席分析师苏连杰表示。“但这种模式通常会导致大量厂商瓜分有限的市场份额。”
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如同在电动汽车领域的发展路径,中国在机器人制造领域也已率先抢占全球领先地位。中国工厂的工业机器人使用量,已超过世界其他国家的总和,将日本、美国、韩国和德国远远甩在身后。机器人已然改变了中国工厂的生产线运作模式,承担起焊接汽车零部件、将箱子搬上传送带等一系列工作。
在北京,偶遇机器人早已不是新鲜事:酒店里,机器人负责送客房服务;机场里有机器人承担拖地工作;大学校园里,四足机器人帮忙配送包裹;2022年冬奥会期间,食堂里有机器人负责烹饪和上菜。
与此同时,中国正致力于攻克机器人领域的下一个前沿课题——研发不仅外形酷似人类,更能像人类一样思考、行动的机器人。今年以来,公共与私人投资者已向人形机器人初创企业投入超50亿美元,这一数额相当于过去五年的投资总和。
中国机器人制造商具备诸多显著优势,他们能依托全球最完备的制造业体系,再加上各级政府的支持,企业在电机、机器人关节专用螺丝等零部件制造等技术方面正持续精进。
今年,中国多家公共和私营企业纷纷向机器人初创企业投入资金。政府宣称该行业将助力推动中国经济增长。
今年,中国多家公共和私营企业纷纷向机器人初创企业投入资金。政府宣称该行业将助力推动中国经济增长。 Qilai Shen for The New York Times
8月,宇树及其他初创企业制造的人形机器人在北京参加了一场仅限机器人的体育赛事。
8月,宇树及其他初创企业制造的人形机器人在北京参加了一场仅限机器人的体育赛事。 Florence Lo/Reuters
一些中国创始人与投资者坚信,人形机器人可能是人工智能在现实世界中形成实体力量的途径。
一些中国创始人与投资者坚信,人形机器人可能是人工智能在现实世界中形成实体力量的途径。 Jade Gao/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
然而,中国机器人初创企业至今未能实现的目标是打造出足以推动经济变革的人形机器人。
专家表示,目前已推出的人形机器人难以应对各类突发状况。它们可以按照预设程序完成重复性动作,却很难对实时发生的事件做出灵活反应。
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“中国企业逐渐意识到,光造出机器人还远远不够,”台湾市场研究机构集邦科技研究经理曾伯楷指出。“如果没有具体的应用场景,就算产品能生产出来,企业也不知道该卖给谁。”
企业创始人和投资者坚信,人工智能将是破局的关键,而人形机器人有望成为人工智能在现实世界中发挥实际作用的载体。
在硅谷,科技高管们常常提及实现“通用人工智能”的目标。这一概念目前尚无统一定论,但在很多人看来,通用人工智能指的是具备与人类大脑同等能力的人工智能。
在中国,机器人企业纷纷宣称将率先让通用人工智能成为现实。
“对于中国人而言,通用人工智能理应是一种能切实惠及人们日常生活的技术,”研究中国政府影响力的机构詹姆斯敦基金会研究员桑尼·张(音)表示,“机器人技术正是人工智能在现实生活中落地应用的绝佳例证。”
但这一愿景与当前机器人能力存在巨大鸿沟。许多中国机器人初创企业正着力研发相关软件,希望能像大型语言模型颠覆人工智能领域那样,彻底改变机器人的行为模式。
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机器人要学会更贴近人类的行为方式,一种途径是通过反复执行基础任务积累经验。例如,与众多同行一样扎根深圳的优必选科技已在部分电动汽车工厂部署少量机器人,让它们反复练习搬箱子的动作。
另一种训练方式是模拟教学,即让机器人观看大量相关任务的视频。桑尼·张称,中国多家头部机器人初创企业均采用美国硅谷企业英伟达研发的软件和芯片,开展机器人的模拟训练工作。
在7月于上海举行的世界人工智能大会上,与会者得以与松延动力公司一款具有逼真特征的人形机器人进行互动。
在7月于上海举行的世界人工智能大会上,与会者得以与松延动力公司一款具有逼真特征的人形机器人进行互动。 Qilai Shen for The New York Times
宇树科技宣布了上市计划,这可能帮助它成为中国领先的人形机器人制造商。
宇树科技宣布了上市计划,这可能帮助它成为中国领先的人形机器人制造商。 Hector Retamal/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
展会上的机器人零部件。中国机器人制造商在批量生产方面日益精进,使企业相较于外国竞争对手更具优势。
展会上的机器人零部件。中国机器人制造商在批量生产方面日益精进,使企业相较于外国竞争对手更具优势。 Qilai Shen for The New York Times
尽管人形机器人未来的实用价值尚无定论,但中国目前已投入使用200万台工业机器人。去年,中国工厂新增工业机器人安装量近30万台,而美国工厂的安装量仅为3.4万台。
中国工厂在机器人生产制造方面的能力也日益提升,使其相较于难以实现大规模生产的外国企业具备显著优势。
初创企业宇树科技已宣布计划启动首次公开募股,此次上市有望为其募集足够资金,助力其成为中国首屈一指的人形机器人制造商。该公司最新推出的基础款人形机器人,在中国市场的售价约为4.2万元,仅为长期领跑美国机器人行业的波士顿动力公司同类产品售价的一个零头。波士顿动力于2020年被韩国巨头现代汽车收购。
近几个月来,美国多家顶尖人工智能研究实验室、高校以及初创企业纷纷采购宇树科技的机器人,用于测试其性能以及与自研软件的适配性。
中国机器人制造商之所以能给出更低的售价,部分原因在于它们能获得大量来自地方政府和国有对冲基金的资金支持。北京市政府已设立规模达140亿美元的基金,专门用于人工智能和机器人领域的投资;上海市也成立了一支具身智能专项基金,初始投资额约为7700万美元。
机器人学习更接近人类行动的一种方式就是反复执行基础任务。
机器人学习更接近人类行动的一种方式就是反复执行基础任务。 Qilai Shen for The New York Times
宇树机器人的价格仅为波士顿动力公司所产机器人的一个零头。
宇树机器人的价格仅为波士顿动力公司所产机器人的一个零头。 Tony Luong for The New York Times
优必选公司于2019年进行的演示。
优必选公司于2019年进行的演示。 John Locher/Associated Press
在科技热点城市杭州,宇树科技与其竞争对手云深处科技同属被中国媒体誉为“六小龙”的人工智能与机器人初创企业阵营,人工智能企业深度求索也位列其中。
本月,云深处科技宣布在最新一轮融资中募集到7000万美元资金。
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人形机器人制造商星动纪元则于11月表示,已从投资者处筹集超1.4亿美元资金,投资方包括电动汽车制造商吉利集团的风险投资部门,以及北京市政府专门设立的机器人与人工智能投资基金。
11月下旬,中国中央政府成立专项委员会,负责制定机器人行业标准。委员会成员涵盖企业创始人、高校研究实验室代表、地方政府对冲基金负责人,以及从事密码学研究的中国政府官员。

Meaghan Tobin是时报科技记者,常驻台北,报道亚洲地区的商业和科技新闻,重点关注中国。

Xinyun Wu是《纽约时报》记者/研究员,常驻台北,报道科技、台湾和中国新闻。

翻译:纽约时报中文网


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芬兰总理就选美皇后和议员种族歧视事件向中日韩道歉

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芬兰总理就选美皇后和议员种族歧视事件向中日韩道歉

AMELIA NIERENBERG, JOHANNA LEMOLA
芬兰总理佩特里·奥尔波就该国最知名反移民政党的议员与一位选美皇后做出类似嘲讽亚洲人手势一事公开致歉。
芬兰总理佩特里·奥尔波就该国最知名反移民政党的议员与一位选美皇后做出类似嘲讽亚洲人手势一事公开致歉。 Jonathan Nackstrand/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
芬兰总理周三向中国、韩国和日本致歉,试图平息在该国愈演愈烈的种族歧视丑闻。
过去几天,芬兰最具影响力的反移民政党的多名议员接连发布自己扯眼角的照片,显然是在支持一位因做出类似手势而被剥夺桂冠的芬兰选美皇后。
芬兰驻华大使馆周三在社交媒体发布了总理佩泰里·奥尔波的中文声明,他在声明中表示:“对于近期个别议员在社交媒体上发表的冒犯性言论,我深表诚挚歉意。这些言论与芬兰倡导的平等与包容的价值观背道而驰。”
芬兰驻韩驻日大使馆也在社交媒体上发布了类似致歉声明。
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据芬兰最大报纸《赫尔辛基新闻报》报道,这场争议始于本月。当时,芬兰环球小姐参赛代表萨拉·扎夫采在比赛中向后拉扯眼皮形成斜眼的照片在社交媒体流传开来。
扎夫采上周在Instagram上发文致歉
她表示:“对我而言,尊重每一个人、尊重不同的背景与差异是至关重要的事。我会为自己的行为负责,并从中吸取教训。”
随后,芬兰小姐组委会撤销了她的冠军头衔,并在声明中指出,她的这一行为“具有冒犯性和危害性,完全违背了选美赛事的核心价值观”。
前芬兰小姐萨拉·扎夫采上周在赫尔辛基的新闻发布会上。
前芬兰小姐萨拉·扎夫采上周在赫尔辛基的新闻发布会上。 Emmi Korhonen/Lehtikuva, via Associated Press
截至目前,扎夫采尚未回应置评请求。
扎夫采被夺头衔一事激怒了正统芬兰人党的议员们。这个民粹主义反移民政党属于奥尔波领导的执政联盟。
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芬兰国会的尤霍·埃罗拉凯萨·加雷杜以及欧洲议会中的芬兰议员塞巴斯蒂安·滕基宁均发布了与扎夫采动作相似的照片。加雷杜称自己只是在做太阳穴按摩;埃罗拉和滕基宁则在配文中表示支持扎夫采。
此后埃罗拉已公开致歉。他向日本《朝日新闻》表示:“我发布的照片冒犯了亚洲民众,对此我深感愧疚。”
而加雷杜在接受芬兰小报《晚报》采访时拒绝道歉。滕基宁则在Instagram上发文指责中国,还称抵制对扎夫采的“取消行动”才是正确选择。
这三位议员目前均未回应置评请求。
奥尔波已公开谴责这些照片既“幼稚”又“愚蠢”,但争议在芬兰境内仍持续发酵。芬兰国家广播公司报道称,涉事议员所属政党将于周四召开会议,就此事展开讨论。

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“六四”前夕38军军长徐勤先抗命内情

18 December 2025 at 07:55

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“六四”前夕38军军长徐勤先抗命内情

杰安迪, 储百亮
1989年6月6日,抗议被镇压后,北京街头的居民和士兵。
1989年6月6日,抗议被镇压后,北京街头的居民和士兵。 LIU Heung Shing/Associated Press
北京——1989年春,学生对天安门广场的占领进入了第二个月,中国领导层紧张不安、意见相左。一天傍晚,军方高级将领被召集到军区总部,表态支持动用武力镇压抗议者。
1989年5月19日凌晨,中共中央总书记赵紫阳出现在天安门广场,呼吁学生停止绝食,这是他最后一次公开露面,当时他已失去了权力。时任中央办公厅主任温家宝(右二)后来成为国家总理。
1989年5月19日凌晨,中共中央总书记赵紫阳出现在天安门广场,呼吁学生停止绝食,这是他最后一次公开露面,当时他已失去了权力。时任中央办公厅主任温家宝(右二)后来成为国家总理。 Xinhua, via Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
有一个人拒绝了。
1989年6月4日,在天安门广场附近的尸体。学生们抗议的是腐败、不公和通货膨胀。
1989年6月4日,在天安门广场附近的尸体。学生们抗议的是腐败、不公和通货膨胀。 Associated Press
在强大的第38集团军担任军长的徐勤先少将,令人震惊地违抗了上级。根据采访过徐勤先本人的几名学者新近对其举动做出的描述,他当时表示,抗议活动属政治问题,应该通过谈判解决,不应动用武力。
李晓明(左五)在北京和战友的合影。照片由李晓明本人提供。
李晓明(左五)在北京和战友的合影。照片由李晓明本人提供。
“宁杀头,不做历史罪人,”他告诉历史学者杨继绳。
现居澳大利亚的李晓明,是1989年奔赴天安门广场的军人之一。他说,“我们的部队受到的教导是,我们不准朝学生开第一枪。”
现居澳大利亚的李晓明,是1989年奔赴天安门广场的军人之一。他说,“我们的部队受到的教导是,我们不准朝学生开第一枪。” Katrin Koenning for The New York Times
尽管徐勤先很快被捕,但他抗命一事令党内权势集团深感震动,不仅加剧了对军队倒戈的猜忌,也让领导层更坚定地相信,由学生领导的抗议活动是关涉共产党存亡的重大威胁。
得到披露的一系列信息揭示了,1989年6月3日到4日的血腥镇压前,解放军内部的角力,其中包括徐勤先抗命的新细节,以及由此引发的震动。这些信息中,有一部分包含在近年来流出中国的军方文件里,还有一些则是通过对直接参与25年前的事件的党内人士和退伍军人进行采访而获得。
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与当时的传闻不同,这些文献显示,解放军并未内斗。不过,它们的确表明,徐勤先对采取致命武力所表达的反对立场,激起了领导层的忧虑——军队可能会陷入政治分裂。他的表态也促使党内元老调集了规模庞大的部队。
尽管四分之一个世纪已经过去,但是那个血腥的夜晚却依然是中国政治中最敏感的话题之一,当局将它实质上从历史中抹去的努力一直没有懈怠。然而,就算到了今天,也仍有新的信息浮出水面,修正人们对这起分歧深重的事件公认的理解。
当时,主持镇压的党内元老邓小平赞扬军队忠诚不二,就连一些国外的报道也保留了部队坚定冷酷地服从命令的形象。不过,1989年6月4日前夕及后来几个月的军队讲话和报告显示,对于下达的残酷任务,官兵们心存疑虑、感到困惑,流言和悔恨也让他们颇为不安。在普林斯顿大学图书馆(Princeton University Library)取得的中国军方文献中,有一份评估报告写道,武警杨德安称,“情况多变,很混乱。我们对斗争的残酷性估计不足。敌友难分,攻击目标也不明确。”
一些退伍官兵同意谈论自己在这场危机中扮演的角色。他们表示,国家强制实施的审查,再加上制止目击者发声的做法,使得年轻一代对中国当代史中堪称最为沉痛的这一事件基本一无所知,这让他们忧心忡忡。
李晓明说,“我个人没有做错事,但我觉得作为其中一个成员,作为一个参与者,这是中国军队的一种耻辱。”1989年的时候,他就身在向天安门广场进发的部队当中。
虽然官方的遮掩使得这些新说法的细节难以得到确认,但是研究过解放军内部报告的一些学者表示,这些说法真实可信。他们浏览的报告包括对部队动员的描述,以及对军队与抗议人群暴力冲突的详尽叙述。此前也曾有人尝试还原共产党强行抹去的记忆,于是有了2001年发表的文献集《天安门文件》(The Tiananmen Papers),但外界对其意图与真实性的争议一直挥之不去。
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采访与文献显示,就连在当时,军队里也没什么人原意承担向平民开火的直接责任。就在部队迫近北京的当口,他们接到的行动指令仍然含糊不清、令人费解,还有部分军官希望得到保证,他们不会接到开枪的命令。
一位与军队有联系的前党内研究人员在接受采访时确认,存在一份由七名军官联署的请愿书,呼吁领导层退兵。
这名前研究人员名为张刚,当时曾试图协调抗议者与政府达成妥协。他表示,请愿书中写道,“人民军队是属于人民的军队,不能同人民对立,更不能杀死人民。”
像徐勤先那样直接违抗军令的事件则更为少见。历史学者杨继绳是少数几个在1989年后采访过徐勤先的人之一,根据他的说法,徐勤先并非异见人士,当初为参加朝鲜战争而写下血书,不到年龄的他才得以参军。徐勤先指挥的第38集团军是精锐部队,驻扎在北京以南约150公里处,担负着保卫首都的重任。
在事件之前,他曾赴京治疗肾结石,亲眼目睹了学生的抗议活动。军队的训练目的是抵御外敌入侵,他担忧,动用军队镇压抗议会产生恶劣的后果。他警告,派全副武装的军人上街,可能会造成子弹不长眼的流血,玷污人民解放军的声誉。
据北京的作家戴晴所看到的访谈资料,徐勤先后来表示,“和老百姓发生冲突,好人坏人又分不清,出了事谁负责?”
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杨继绳表示,徐勤先最终同意向手下的官兵传达命令,但他本人不会带领武装部队进入首都。徐勤先遭到逮捕,并被开除党籍,还在监狱服刑四年。
据另一位采访过徐勤先的研究人员透露,徐勤先身体虚弱,住在河北省一家军队领导专用的干休所里。这名研究人员要求匿名。徐勤先拒绝就这篇文章接受采访。
普林斯顿文献中部队内部的历史档案显示,徐勤先的举动在士兵中催生了谣言:38军的军官集体辞职,该军拒绝入京。军方文件显示,为了破除谣言,38军的军官被召集在一起,谴责他们的前任军长,并宣誓坚决服从命令,实行戒严。
但徐勤先并不是军队高层中唯一的异议者。前研究员张刚表示,人民解放军军官王东上校是一位受人尊敬的老司令员的助手,他组织反对戒严的军队高层进行请愿。王东如今已经去世,张刚和其他人认为现在是时候公布他组织请愿的细节了。
张刚表示,军中对戒严令的疑虑的扩散让邓小平等人非常担心,以至于他们切断了很多所谓的“红机子”。高层官员本可以通过这种电话互相联系。但王东试图利用自己的高层关系,组织军队内部人士表达不同意见。
1989年5月,请愿书的复印件传遍北京,但其来源和真实性却并不清晰,因此削弱了它的影响力。张刚曾与军队高级军官有联系,他如今表示,自己边接王东的电话,边记下了请愿书的内容和名字,之后将请愿书交给朋友,由他们进行了复写。
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几名曾私下努力化解危机的人接受采访时称,王东与王军涛、周舵举行了秘密会议,这两名自由主义知识分子当时在设法阻止军队发起攻击,同时也斥责抗议者组织混乱,思维天真。两人回忆称,他们在周舵家待了一晚上,反复询问王东有关军队态度的问题。两人均称,王东淡化了出现大规模流血事件的风险。
目前居住在北京的周舵接受电话采访时表示,“他说,‘如果共产党射杀平民百姓,那共产党不是在自杀吗?’”周舵表示,他们“绝对没有想到,最后的结局会是那么残酷”。
就在请愿书被传至北京各处之时,共有18万至25万名士兵从全国各地赶来实施戒严。虽然北京普通民众进行反抗的举动已经得到充分证实,但相关文件及采访内容说明,荷枪实弹的士兵进入北京时,居民们没有感到害怕,而是奋起反抗,由此在部队内部引发了沮丧、失望的情绪及谣言,这些都让士兵们有所动摇。
学生们的理想主义及他们对腐败、不平等现象和通货膨胀的愤懑之情感染了很多北京居民。从5月19日开始,随着即将戒严的消息走漏至外界,数以万计的民众走出家门,来到主要路口阻止军队进城,并恳请他们理解学生的诉求。
当时,来自河南农村的士兵陈光只有17岁。陈光表示,他的部队被学生围了起来,在此之前,也就是5月20日,他所属部队的一万名士兵被拦在长安街上。
他回忆称,在三天的时间里,疲惫不堪、孤立无援的士兵在炙烈的太阳下紧握枪支,居民和学生给他们送来食物,并带他们上厕所,还无时不刻地向他们灌输信息——他们从事的是正义的事业。“就连上厕所都不会停,”陈光接受采访时说。“一个人讲累了讲哑了,另一个上来继续跟你讲。”
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文件显示,这一僵局和军队的忠诚可能出现动摇的情况让将领们非常担心,他们命令士兵们撤退。“我们走的时候还在本子上给他们留下名字和通信地址,撤走时很多人都哭了,”陈光说,“感觉跟打了场胜仗似的。”陈光回忆称,车窗内挂着临时做好的横幅,宣示着他们对人民的忠心。
几名军人表示,在接下来的十天时间里,他们在北京郊区的营地被灌输了一些令人困惑的思想。他们学习邓小平的讲话,被告知示威活动是由少数颠覆分子发起的,目的是推翻共产党。
李晓明回忆称,即便在士兵们学习这种宣传思想时,可能必须朝示威者开枪的概念似乎还很遥远。李晓明当时25岁,是第39军的一名雷达兵。他在澳大利亚接受采访时表示,“我们的部队受到的教导是,我们不准朝学生开第一枪,如果我们朝老百姓开了第一枪,我们就得对历史负责。”
即使是接受了一周这样的培训,将领们依然担心军队夺取广场的决心有多大。
根据普林斯顿大学图书馆汇总的党内及军队讲话记录,杨白冰上将曾在5月31日对军官们说,“有些同志对为什么有这么多群众参加游行有些困惑不解。”杨白冰的兄长是邓小平的亲信。“有些同志对制止动乱还有这样那样的想法和疑惑。”
6月3日,保持克制的讯息被放弃了。一些当年的士兵表示,军队当天接到了命令,要求“不惜一切代价”在第二天清早夺回天安门广场。
根据一份记录,有一个营的党员在出发前的仪式上宣称,“誓死到达天安门。”有些部队的军人用写血书立誓的方式表决心。然而,根据现场士兵的描述和军方的文件,这种虚张声势还夹杂了恐惧和困惑,而后两种情绪因抗命部队可能会调转枪头的流言而被强化。
驻扎在山西省的第63集团军的一份记录显示,“当时部分官兵思想上出现了一些波动。”63军是被调集实施镇压的主要力量之一。“有的感到事态严重,心里有些恐慌。有的感到两次都没法进去,对这次开进有些畏难。”
雷达兵李晓明回忆,当39军116师离开北京东部远郊的临时驻地时,他最大的恐惧是,他们部队可能要打38军,因为后者的忠诚因徐勤先的抗命及存在更广泛背叛的传言而遭到质疑。
当军队带着夺取广场等重要场所的命令进发时,他们既缺乏控制群众的常规工具,又没有得到关于如何开枪及何时开枪的清晰指示。
“缺乏防护器材与非致命性武器,”文献中有一份关于武警部队对镇压行动的评估报告这样写道。“缺乏防护器材与非致命性武器。设想,若配有催泪弹、闪光弹、盾牌、头盔等防护器材。”
李晓明说,他所在的116师的师长许峰没有理会向天安门广场进发的命令,他因而无需决定是否开枪。在得知军队展开血腥镇压后,许峰在冲突较为缓和的东郊按兵不动,还假装军中的无线电通讯出了故障。李晓明仍然能回忆起电台里疯狂的呼叫:“116师、116师,你们在哪儿?”
文献显示,在发生大规模屠杀的区域,军队在每次行动的关头都颇为迷惘。
根据参加了当时抗议活动的学者吴仁华的说法,领导层大约是在当晚9:30分到10点之间批准使用实弹。吴仁华撰写了两本关于军方镇压行动的中文书籍,目前生活在洛杉矶。他说,指令是口头传达的,关于何时开枪、如何开枪并没有给出指示,而且,很有可能未能传达到所有部队。
他在电话采访中说,“朝天鸣枪,还是对人群开枪,没有说清楚。”
据与38军同行的王永利(音译)描述,一些民众向军队扔砖头和瓶子,然后用铁棍袭击军车。他表示,战士们又紧张又生气,一开始向天开枪,不过,到了某个时刻,他们的步枪瞄准了人群。“也没说打,(当官的)就说‘狠狠教训下这些人,’那战士手就发狠了,”他说。“啪,一扣那个扳机,轰轰轰轰轰,跟下雨似的,哗地就朝天上打去了。”
尽管确切的死亡人数或将永远不得而知,但据估计,被枪杀或遭坦克碾死的平民少说也有数百人,多则有逾千人。政府估算的数据是300人丧生,其中许多是士兵。
第二天的黎明,当时是新华社记者的历史学者杨继绳设法赶到了木樨地。这一带位于天安门广场以西,军队的攻击行动在此遭遇到了某些最为激烈的抵抗。
他看到废弃的自行车凌乱地堆在地上,还有烧焦的车辆和一滩滩干涸的血迹。他回忆道,“到处都是枪眼。”不过他说,最让人不寒而栗的场景,也许是一面墙上涂抹的厚厚的血红大字,写的是“人血!人血!”

杰安迪(Andrew Jacobs)自北京、储百亮(Chris Buckley)自香港报道。安思乔(Jonathan Ansfield)自北京和河北对本文有报道贡献。

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拒做“历史罪人”:“六四”抗命将军徐勤先庭审视频曝光

By: 储百亮
18 December 2025 at 07:54

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拒做“历史罪人”:“六四”抗命将军徐勤先庭审视频曝光

储百亮
YouTube
1989年,当中国统治者下令数万士兵镇压北京的民主示威活动时,徐勤先将军以拒绝执行命令而闻名。
他拒绝率领部队开进首都,以武力清剿天安门广场的抗议者。几十年来,他的反抗故事一直鲜为人知。
如今,一段泄露的秘密军事法庭审判视频罕见地揭开了徐勤先的真实面貌,也展现了当时军队内部的紧张局势——时任中国最高领导人邓小平正准备向北京派遣军队。这一部署的高潮发生在6月3日和4日,士兵向抗议者和旁观者开枪,杀死了数百名手无寸铁的人(根据某些估计达到数千人)。
在审判录像中,徐勤先解释说,他拒绝命令是出于个人良心和职业判断。他告诉法官,派遣武装部队对抗平民会导致混乱和流血,并说执行戒严令不力的指挥官将成为“历史罪人”。
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徐勤先出身小贩家庭,却一路晋升至第38集团军司令——最负盛名的部队之一。但在1990年的军事法庭上,他被剥夺指挥权,被控违反戒严令,并且要在法官面前,为这个突然结束他职业生涯的决定辩护。
长达六小时的审判录像显示,徐勤先穿着朴素便服,在三名士兵的看守下进入法庭。三位法官端坐审判席俯视全场。法庭中没有观众。
徐勤先没有乞求宽恕。相反,他简洁地列出了他拒绝服从的原因。
他对法官们说:“执行这样的任务可能立功,也可能成为历史罪人。”
这类描述中国军队内部决策和异议的录像非常罕见,而且关于1989年镇压的讨论在中国仍然受到严格审查。这段视频在中国被屏蔽的YouTube平台上分享,引起了人们的强烈兴趣,仅一个频道的观看量就超过了100万次。
“读到徐将军秉持良知挺身而出的报道是一回事,亲眼目睹他在法庭上如此脆弱的姿态则是另一回事,”加拿大西蒙弗雷泽大学教授周杰荣(Jeremy Brown)表示。他曾撰写过天安门事件抗议与镇压的历史著作。“当看到徐勤先从深入的军事专业视角阐述拒绝执行错误命令的抉择时,观者不禁会自问:‘如果身处同样情况,我将如何抉择?’”
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徐勤先告诉法官,他拒绝命令只是代表他自己,而不是代表38军。
他的陈述,以及法官和检察官在审判中引用的其他将军的证词,为中国领导人如何秘密制定和传达戒严令计划,并试图消除人民解放军的疑虑提供了新的视角。
徐勤先也许和其他将军一样,被单独召见听取命令。现居台湾的中国独立历史学家吴仁华说,这可能是为了防止他们相互交流自己的疑虑。吴仁华撰写过若干关于1989年民主起义和镇压的研究,他还指出,徐勤先的审判表明,戒严令是口头下达的,没有留下任何书面记录。
“这可以说是我30多年收集六四资料当中所见到的最重要的一份,”吴仁华在谈到庭审视频时说。
“徐勤先将军抗命的事件,在整个六四事件当中是一个非常重大的事件,但是很多细节,这个录像出来之前的都是不明了的,尤其是关于戒严的决定,”吴仁华说。1989年,身为年轻学者的他曾前往天安门广场参与抗议活动。
吴仁华是在网上发布视频的人之一,但他说他是在看到其他人上传之后才跟进的。他说,他从一个值得信赖的消息来源那里得到这段视频,但他拒绝透露此人的身份。他还说,他仔细检查了细节,以确认视频的真实性。周杰荣及另一位研究天安门事件的历史学家、不列颠哥伦比亚大学名誉教授卜正民(Timothy Brook)均表示,他们认为该视频真实可信。
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审判的焦点集中于1989年5月18日徐勤先和他的指挥官们的一场紧张的会议。当时学生们已经占领天安门广场几个星期,要求政治自由化。中国最高领导人邓小平想要果断地结束这场骚乱。
正因肾结石住院治疗的徐勤先被叫到北京军区总部。中国领导人已经决定实施戒严令,徐勤先奉命从38军——一支驻扎在距离北京约150公里的精锐部队——派出大约1.5万名武装官兵,作为最初的5万人部队的一部分。
“我说这个事情我有不同意见,”徐勤先对法庭说,他指的是戒严令。他说,抗议活动应该主要通过政治手段解决,而不是武力。如果中央政府命令军队进驻,应该只部署在北京的郊区。
徐勤先承认38军必须服从命令。但他告诉指挥官,他不想参与这次行动。
“当时我说,我说上级可以任我,也可以免我,”他在法庭上叙述道,似乎表明他愿意因为自己的决定付出丢掉职位的代价。
会议上的一位将军戴敬生告诉调查人员,他和同事们沉默了大约一分钟,徐勤先的反抗让他们一时没回过神来。“没想到徐会说这些话,”戴敬生在证词中说。
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在质询之下,徐勤先承认军队听命于中国共产党领导人。但他表示,军队也应该受到更广泛的权威的约束。
他对指挥官们说,如此重大的命令,首先应该在党政高级官员之间进行更广泛的讨论,最关键的是,也许应该由全国人民代表大会进行讨论。一些党内温和派人士也希望全国人民代表大会能够介入,阻止事态滑向屠杀。
为了支持自己的观点,徐勤先说,解放军已经“纳入国家体制”,因此不仅对党的领导人负责,也应对政府和立法者负责。(此后中共领导人——尤其是习近平——谴责“国家军队”理念威胁了党对武装力量的控制。)
徐勤先“似乎相信,他表达的担忧有可能会上升到更高层,从根本上踩下戒严令的刹车,”华盛顿美利坚大学研究中国共产党的历史学家唐志学(Joseph Torigian)看过审判录像后说。
唐志学说:“我认为,这次审判表明,甚至在军方内部也有一种感觉,通过对话争取学生支持的途径尚未穷尽。”
徐勤先似乎在纠结该将异议表达到何种程度。
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在北京会议期间,迫于指挥官的压力,他在电话中向38军的一位同事转达了戒严令,但同时告知对方自己不愿参与。后来,他打电话给一名下达命令的指挥官,重申自己不想参与其中。第二天,一名军官恳求徐勤先若部队进京务必随行。徐勤先表示同意。但到那时,改变态度为时已晚。
“这是不能容忍的,”根据审判证词,中国军方的一位副主席在谈到徐勤先的行为时说。高层领导人切断了他与38军军官的联系,他后来被拘留。
在新指挥官的领导下,38军以向北京进军的血腥行动而臭名昭著,不仅射杀抵抗者,连路人也不放过。
徐勤先被判处五年徒刑,他于2021年去世,享年85岁。他的部分故事出现在书籍和新闻报道中。2011年,他对一家香港报纸表示,对自己的决定并不后悔。

储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者,自台北报道中国和台湾问题,重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。

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新华社:海南封关不是封闭而是扩大开放

18 December 2025 at 13:03

海南自由贸易港星期四(12月18日)正式启动全岛封关,中国官媒新华社称,封关不是封闭,而是进一步扩大开放。

新华社的报道称,建设海南自由贸易港,是中共总书记习近平“亲自谋划、亲自部署、亲自推动”的改革开放重大举措。全岛封关正式启动,是海南自贸港迈向最高水平开放形态的“关键一跃”。

报道称,海南全岛封关,是助力中国构建新发展格局的重要落子。海南地处连接太平洋、印度洋的要道,是进入中国大市场的桥头堡。在百年变局加速演进的背景下,海南自贸港的封关运作具有特殊的战略意义。

报道称,封关,是海南自贸港新阶段的开始。这片开放高地正以更大的开放,与世界共享发展机遇,成为新时代中国改革开放的示范。

封关是海关术语,即海南全岛成为一个“境内关外”区域,海南岛内可以享受零关税等优惠政策。

深圳出台青年人才住房支持新政

18 December 2025 at 12:34

中国广东省深圳市出台青年人才住房支持新政,青年人才可在过渡性住房和安居补贴中二选一,其中安居补贴每月税后1000元(约183新元)。

据《证券时报》,记者星期三(12月17日)从深圳市住房和建设局获悉,为进一步加强青年人才来深发展服务保障,打造良好科技创新生态和人才发展环境,切实解决首次来深青年人才阶段性住房困难,深圳正式出台《深圳市青年人才住房支持实施办法》。

政策明确了青年人才住房支持的申请条件、过渡性住房和安居补贴支持标准、申请流程、监督管理等内容,将于2026年1月1日起正式实施,有效期五年。

青年人才按照《深圳市青年人才认定和管理办法》予以认定。此次青年人才住房支持政策,明确了过渡性住房和安居补贴两种支持方式,符合条件的青年人才可任选其一,不可重复享受。

面向青年人才配租的过渡性住房以一间房为主,两居室及以上户型以一间房为单位面向青年人才配租。租金标准按市场参考租金的60%左右确定,最长租住期限不超过36个月。安居补贴每月1250元(税后1000元),发放期不超过24个月。

此外,深圳将打造若干青年友好型社区,鼓励配备智能家居、青年食堂、共享厨房、自助洗衣房、书吧、咖啡厅、健身房及文化创意空间等设施,并组织开展交友联谊、主题沙龙、城市漫游、文化体验、“青年夜校”等活动,营造舒适便利、健康向上的居住环境。

深圳市住房和建设局相关负责人介绍,出台《深圳市青年人才住房支持实施办法》是深圳加快构建青年人才来深发展服务保障体系的重要一环,旨在切实降低青年人才赴深发展的居住成本,有效缓解其阶段性住房困难。

Antony Price, designer for Bowie and Duran Duran, dies at 80

18 December 2025 at 12:45
Getty Images British fashion designer Anthony Price (L) with David Bowie (C) and his wife Angie Bowie at King's Cross station in London in 1973.Getty Images
British fashion designer Anthony Price (L) with singer David Bowie (C) and his wife Angie Bowie at King's Cross station in London in 1973

Antony Price, the British fashion designer responsible for some of the looks favoured by David Bowie, Roxy Music and Queen Camilla among others, has died aged 80.

Price was best known for his sculptured silhouettes and theatrical styles, including pastel suits which featured in rock band Duran Duran's music video Rio.

The band released a statement on social media remembering him as a "visionary" and a "kind, intelligent and razor-witted friend".

Price's death comes less than a month after he unveiled his latest collection in London in more than 30 years, where singer Lily Allen modelled a dress inspired by the black velvet "revenge dress" worn by Diana, Princess of Wales.

Getty Images British pop group Duran Duran wearing pastel suits of bright red, pale blue, beige, and white a photo studio in Tokyo, Japan in 1982.Getty Images
Price styled rock group Duran Duran for their music video Rio in 1982
Getty Images Price with Duran Duran at his 70th birthday party in London in 2015.Getty Images
Price (C) with Duran Duran at his 70th birthday party in London in 2015.

Born in Yorkshire in 1945, Price moved to London in the early 1960s to study at the Royal College of Art.

A year after graduating, he began designing menswear at Stirling Copper and was responsible for the body-hugging, buttoned trousers Sir Mick Jagger wore during The Rolling Stones' Gimme Shelter tour in 1969.

Getty Images Sir Mick Jagger wearing Price's buttoned trousers on tour in New York City in 1969.Getty Images
Sir Mick Jagger wearing Price's buttoned trousers on tour in New York City in 1969

He founded his own label in 1979 and staged his first fashion show a year later, opening the collection with looks from model Jerry Hall, who also wore the dress Price designed for her wedding to Sir Mick.

Getty Images A black and white photo of model Jerry Hall wearing a sparkly jacket sand fashion designer Antony Price wearing a black hat and trench coat in London in 1985.Getty Images
Model Jerry Hall and Price attending an event in 1985

A long-time collaborator of David Bowie, Price designed the jacket the singer wore for his As The World Falls Down music video in 1986.

His signature ability to blend menswear and womenswear along with his technical proficiency to shape body-hugging looks made him a "true original", said the British Fashion Council.

In the 1990s, he began working on pieces for Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, including several ensembles for her US tour after assuming the title.

After a career spanning more than five decades, Price staged what would be his last show in London last month in collaboration with fashion brand 16Arlington.

Getty Images Antony Price, Lily Allen and Marco Capaldo pose backstage at the 16Arlington x Antony Price Salon Show on 17 November 2025 in London, England.Getty Images
Price (L) with singer Lily Allen (C) at his fashion show in London last month.
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