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Today — 4 April 2026Main stream

别听客服的:给欧司朗台灯换 LED 灯泡

By: Battle Le
5 April 2026 at 04:30

家里用了好多年的欧司朗 3U CFL(节能灯)灯泡又坏了,3-U-Tubes,P「U」代表灯管被弯曲成了 U 字形。「3」代表这个灯泡是由 3 个 U 型灯管 组成。

通电时有很大的电流声,不开灯的时候还有黄色的「烧焦」痕迹。这种灯管里面的镇流器最怕台灯灯罩内积热,所以仅用了两年多就罢工。一支用了一年多,一支用了两年多,反正没超过三年的,寿命都很短,这次就研究一下,决定换用 LED 灯泡,问了好多家线上店客服都弄不清,只能自己来研究。

CFL 和 LED 对比

1. 发光原理

  • CFL(节能灯): 里面有汞蒸气,通电后通过电子镇流器产生高压,激发汞蒸气发出紫外线,再让灯管壁的荧光粉发光。属于间接发光
  • LED: 靠半导体芯片直接把电能转换成光。没有气体,也没有汞,属于直接发光

简单说:CFL 像小日光灯管,LED 像手机屏幕里的发光芯片。通用吗?之前客服都以为不能用,我凭直觉都感觉其实是完全可以的。

2. 能不能直接替换?(最关键的问题)

可以直接通用。 我这个台灯是 E27 螺口,俗称大螺口或普通螺口,拧上去就能用,不需要改线路。

3. 供电方式(驱动器)

LED 的驱动电路比节能灯的镇流器简单且高效,发热量极低。原来的 20W 节能灯大部分电量都变成热量浪费了,所以才会烧焦

  • CFL:靠电子镇流器(容易发热,是寿命短的主要原因)
  • LED:靠驱动电源(电路更简单,发热低,更耐用)

4. 建议

LED 在省电、寿命、启动速度和环保方面都明显优于 CFL,价格其实也更划算。

  • 功率:选 9.5W~12W 的 LED(亮度接近或略优于原 21W CFL)
  • 尺寸:建议选小柱泡或高度较矮的款式,避免顶到灯具

直接换上好品质的 LED 后,基本不用再担心灯泡一年多就坏的问题了。

品牌

既然确定了 LED,就来选品牌,欧司朗现在业务授权给 LEDVANCE 朗德万斯,本来是欧司朗的时候质量都这么差,所以也就剩下飞利浦可以选了。就是要小心买到山寨,在官网找授权店铺,其中好几家天猫店不在名单中。

尺寸

原来那颗 3U 的尺寸是 15.3cm × 4.6cm。 这款飞利浦的尺寸是 11.43cm × 3.72cm。只是比之前短了一大截

反而有好处。灯泡和灯罩之间空隙更大了,空气对流更好。这不仅解决了舊灯泡因为积热而烧焦的问题,还能极大地延长这个新 LED 灯泡的寿命(LED 最怕热,散热越好,光衰越慢)。

寿命

维度原来的欧司朗 3U CFL飞利浦 LED 柱泡 (Stick)
官方标称寿命6000 ~ 8000 小时15000 ~ 25000 小时
换算年限 (每天5小时)约 3 - 4 年约 8 - 13 年
致命弱点怕热、怕频繁开关、内部汞消耗最怕热(驱动电路老化)

流明

  • LED 流明 950lm

    对比

  • CFL 大概 1200lm

差不多可以用更少的流明来达到相同甚至更好的桌面体验。

色温

中性光,白光,黄光三种可选,我放在卧室使用,喜欢温馨一点的感觉,就选择了 3000K 的暖黄光。低流明 + 低色温适合卧室氛围。

显色指数

演色性指数其实以 CIE Ra 来称呼比较合适。CRI是比较广义的说法,而CIE Ra则是国际标准演色性指数(英语:international standard color rendering index)。

理论上,CIE Ra 上限为100,这支 LED 灯是 CRI 80,显色指数高有个好处,比旧款节能灯看东西更清晰、饱和。色彩更鲜艳时,人的大脑主观感觉环境更明亮。

看起来不像暖光,其实是的,换上后体验好多了,再战五年!

两年半以来的首次 俄3月份几未取得任何领土进展 - RFI - 法国国际广播电台

4 April 2026 at 19:45
04/04/2026 - 13:15

根据法新社对战争研究所(ISW)数据的分析,俄罗斯军队3月份在乌克兰几乎没有取得任何领土进展,这是自2023年9月以来的首次,甚至在一些地区还退守到基辅军队手中。

自2025年底以来,受乌克兰东南部反攻的影响,俄军的推进速度有所放缓。2月份,俄军仅推进了123平方公里,这是自2024年4月以来的最小进展。

在整个战线上,俄军3月份仅占领了23平方公里。该数据没有将俄军在战线以外开展的渗透行动计算在内,也不包括俄方声称取得、但专门从事冲突分析的美国智库——战争研究所(ISW)既未证实也未否认的进展。这些数据是战争研究所与美国的另一个智库——企业研究所(AEI)旗下的“关键威胁项目”(Critical Threats Project)合作统计的结果 。

战争研究所将俄军近几个月的推进放缓归因于乌克兰的反攻,同时也归因于“俄罗斯禁止在乌克兰使用星链终端”以及“克里姆林宫限制用户使用Telegram”程序。

这款在俄罗斯,包括在前线广受欢迎的即时通讯应用,因当局的封锁,近几个月来几乎无法使用。与此同时,莫斯科积极鼓励民众转用名为Max的平台,僵局将其宣传为“国家即时通讯应用”。

与2月份的情况相似,俄罗斯在顿涅茨克和第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州之间的南部战线再次失守。俄军于2025年6月首次进入该地区,1月底前,俄军曾占领了超过400平方公里的土地。2月份,占领面积缩减至200平方公里,3月份进一步缩减至144平方公里。

在更北的顿涅茨克地区,靠近克拉马托尔斯克和斯拉维扬斯克这两座 重要城市的地区,局势同样不利。在斯拉维扬斯克以东,克里姆林宫的军队在一个月内推进了约50平方公里。

在冲突的第四年,即2025年,俄军的推进幅度超过此前24个月的总和。然而,这一态势正在逆转:2026年的前三个月,俄罗斯的领土扩张仅为2025年同期的一半。在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰四年后,莫斯科占领的领土略微超过19%,其中大部分是在冲突爆发后的最初几周内获得的。

在 2022 年 2 月入侵之前,包括克里米亚和顿巴斯工业盆地部分地区在内的约 7% 的领土,已经处于俄罗斯或亲俄分裂分子的控制之下。

【CDT报告汇】民主期刊:AI并非无所不能,独裁政权仍无法消除大规模抗议(外二篇)

4 April 2026 at 17:44
CDT 档案卡
标题:【CDT报告汇】民主期刊:AI并非无所不能,独裁政权仍无法消除大规模抗议(外二篇)
作者:中国数字时代
发表日期:2026.4.3
主题归类:CDT报告汇
主题归类:中国数字极权
主题归类:良心犯
主题归类:人工智能
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

编者按:《CDT报告汇》栏目收录和中国言论自由及其他人权问题相关的报告资讯。这些报告的来源多种多样,包括机构调查、学术研究、媒体报道和网民汇集等等。也欢迎读者向我们推荐值得关注的报告。

中国数字时代本周推荐媒体:

《民主期刊》(Journal of Democracy):是一份1990年起由美国国家民主基金会发行的学术期刊,每年出刊4次,内容为研究民主和民主运动的发展。

一、民主期刊:AI并非无所不能,独裁政权仍无法消除大规模抗议

4月,民主期刊 (Journal of Democracy) 刊发了一篇题为“威权AI的边界”的研究文章。研究结果一反之前的论调,指出尽管人工智能被视为强化威权统治的“灵丹妙药” (silver bullet),但其在现实政治中的效力仍然受到结构性限制。

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报告封面

文章指出,“人工智能常被认为可以让镇压更廉价、更快速、更精准”,这一判断“至少在短期内成立”。然而,作者强调,“最强的应用部分——预测性、预防性的大规模控制——会遇到一个根本性的约束”。这一约束被作者概括为“威权者的校准困境”。

研究写道,任何基于概率的系统都必须决定如何界定“风险”:若降低门槛,“可以减少漏报,却会提高误报,将更多无辜者卷入并引发反弹”;若提高门槛,则“减少附带镇压,却会错失真正威胁”。换言之,“预测就意味着一定程度的错误,问题只是选择哪种错误”。

文章以中国为例,指出这一困境在制度化监管中更加突出。作者表示,自2022年以来,中国要求算法备案、内容审查与身份验证,使AI治理成为“一个持续调整错误容忍度的过程”。这种机制在实践中呈现为“阈值鞭打” (threshold whiplash):在敏感时期收紧控制,随后因反弹而放松并修复舆论。

例如,2022年底“白纸抗议”中,民众以空白纸张表达不满,使监控系统难以识别具体内容;随后,当局一方面迅速放松防疫政策,另一方面继续压制相关讨论与纪念活动,体现出“行政放松与政治收紧并存”的治理逻辑。

文章进一步指出,AI系统在威权治理中的局限源于其统计属性。首先,误报问题不可避免:“即使一个系统准确率达到99%,在极低比例的真实威胁下,被标记者中的大多数仍是无辜者。”这不仅“淹没安全机构”,也会“侵蚀政权合法性”。

其次,算法依赖历史数据,但现实社会会不断适应监控,“公民通过改变语言、转向私密渠道或改变行为路径,使模型迅速过时”。此外,地方官员可能操纵数据以迎合上级,“将AI输出的‘数据’转化为政治资本”,从而加剧“垃圾输入、垃圾输出”的问题。

文章还列举了多国案例。中国“健康码”系统曾因误判导致民众被限制出行,甚至在河南村镇银行事件中被用于阻止储户维权;俄罗斯出现通过化妆干扰人脸识别的抗议方式;伊朗部署AI监控女性着装,但仍无法阻止大规模抗议。这些案例显示,“AI促使抵抗方式演化,却未能将其消除”。

然而,作者指出了AI对威权体制的另一种“帮助”,即AI仍能产生心理威慑效应。文章指出,威权政体从中获得一种“独裁者红利”——“通过制造无处不在的算法威胁,促使公民自我审查,其效果远超实际监控能力”。然而,这种威慑依赖“偏好伪装”,一旦系统失误被广泛认知,“恐惧可能迅速转化为愤怒”。

作者总结称,AI并未消除威权统治长期存在的“信息困境”,反而“以精确的表象掩盖根本的不确定性”。当政权越来越依赖量化指标时,“它所使用的地图可能已不再对应现实”。相比之下,民主制度的“混乱与摩擦”反而能够提供真实反馈。

最后,文章表示,AI时代既不会自动巩固威权,也不会自动推动民主,其影响取决于制度环境与社会应对。“关键不在于被技术能力所震慑,而在于理解其运作方式,并据此发展有效的应对策略。”

二、Lingua Sinica:当AI成为“更有人味的宣传机器”

4月2日,中国传媒研究计划 (China Media Project, CMP) 旗下的研究平台——华语世界Lingua Sinica发布了一份报告。结果发现,在全球新闻界仍在审慎讨论人工智能带来的影响之际,中国的宣传体系却将其视为强化叙事能力的重要工具,并尝试通过AI塑造“更具人性”的官方传播。

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文章封面

文章以一场在郑州举行的相关论坛为切入点,描述了AI与宣传结合的象征性场景:“AI机器人与跳舞的孩子同台演出”,作者将这一画面形容为“关于AI人性化的某种不协调的国家叙事”。

在论坛讨论中,官方媒体不断强调新闻应具备“专业性”“贴近现实”“把握趋势”和“创新”等特质,甚至提及“同理心 (empathy)”。然而,文章指出,这些在西方新闻语境中强调人与公共之间联系的价值,在此却被重新定义为“通过人工智能实现的生产技巧与修辞工具”。

换言之,“人性化”不再是新闻伦理或职业理想,而成为可被技术模拟与放大的传播手段。文章讽刺性地指出:“中国梦想拥有一支由唯命是从的埃德加·斯诺 (Edgar Snows) 式人物组成的军队,他们全都以同情的口吻宣扬党的崇高人性,这个梦想或许离我们并不遥远。”

文章进一步指出,这种趋势与中国媒体体系的结构密切相关。在一个“封闭且受控的媒体环境中”,AI并未引发对新闻独立性或伦理风险的广泛反思,反而被视为“提升国家叙事能力的技术助推器”。

与此同时,Lingua Sinica将这一现象置于更广泛的国家战略背景下。近年来,中国不断推动“AI参与对外传播”和“媒体技术融合”,包括建立AI合作平台、推动国际AI交流机制等。这些举措表明,AI不仅是国内舆论治理工具,也被纳入对外传播与影响力建设体系之中。

结合其他研究可以看到,AI在这一体系中的潜力不仅体现在内容生成,还体现在舆论监测与引导能力上。例如,有研究指出,相关技术可以“追踪公共讨论、分析情绪,并大规模生成回应,从而影响舆论走向”。

然而,文章暗示,这种“更人性化”的宣传并不意味着更真实或更开放。恰恰相反,当“同理心”成为算法生成的修辞,当“贴近公众”成为数据驱动的策略,宣传的说服力可能增强,但其本质仍是对叙事的控制与塑造。

最后,作者总结称,AI并未削弱宣传,而是使其在形式上更加柔软、在表达上更具情感,并在技术上实现规模化生产。这种“人性化的机器宣传”既可能提高传播效率,也可能进一步模糊真实与操控之间的界限。

三、维权网:三月中国新增29名良心犯

维权网(公民维权志愿者联网组织)于2026年3月31日发布《三月中国大陆在押政治犯、良心犯月度报告》。报告显示,上期名单中40人已被刑满释放;并获悉有17人狱中有新动态。同时,本期新增了我们又搜集到的被刑事拘留的3人以及被判刑的26人(编者注:原文为25人,但经计算为26人,可能为笔误),共计29人。被捕的主要原因包括从事宗教活动、少数民族维权、维权上访以及参与民主人权活动等。

1. 本月获悉上期名录中刑满释放的40人名单:

李宜芳、蔡彩影、仓央嘉措(藏)、崔长胜、何林夏、

梁顺景、刘嫦娥、慕恩、南杰顿珠(藏)、卿立菊、

唐云淑、肖青山、杨长宽、于兰芳、余荣新、

扎西达杰(藏)、张玉凤、朱明兰、果洛华丹、张新发、

杜亮明、詹瑞华、孙华、王世军、路连义、

段桂秀、张淑琴、杜丽娟、朱桂清、贾兴蓉、

杨秀兰、潘汉玉、杨宗霖、明月、王文果、

谭萍、杨岳桥、李向阳、泽噶嘉措、张春雷、\

2. 本期新增被刑事拘留的3人名单及简历:

1)、于凯:山东晓临律师事务所主任律师。2026年3月26日,其在司法部门前公开举牌,实名控告青岛市司法局局长邓焕礼。举牌内容直指邓焕礼涉嫌“滥用职权、徇私舞弊不移交刑事案件、巨额财产来源不明罪”。3月27日,于凯律师被警方带走时,警方给出的理由为“扰乱社会公共秩序”,目前具体刑事罪名尚不详。现获悉:于凯律师目前已被刑事拘留,关押在北京西城看守所。
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2)、李道国:乌有之乡网站主编。李道国系民间知名左翼网站“乌有之乡”的主编。李道国近年因辉县老家的环境被毁、耕地受破坏、矿山遭盗采而参与了家乡群众的维权活动,坚持举报不法企业及家乡政府有关部门执法犯法。李道国于2026年3月25日晚上8点左右从北京海淀区的家中被带到北太平庄派出所,随后由来自河南新乡辉县市的公安人员带走。因24小时后仍下落不明,家属先后与北太平庄派出所、辉县市公安局等多方联系,才确认李道国已被以“敲诈勒索”的罪名刑事拘留。办案单位是辉县市公安局刑侦大队,现羁押于新乡市看守所。

3)、王岸然:1954年3月13日出生,本名黄觉岸,英文名Wong Kwok-ngon,别名:岸伯、三个法律学位君,祖籍广东中山,前英属香港籍、现中华人民共和国(香港)籍人,前廉政公署及房屋署公职人员和大学讲师,香港人民广播电台创办人,专栏作家及时事评论员,前民阵民生及民权小组副召集人,中国在押政治犯。早年曾在香港树仁学院和香港大学就读,毕业时获取法哲学硕士学位;后其又到英国的韦尔斯大学亚比理斯学院和伦敦大学继续修学,并分别获取法学硕士、法学荣誉学士及哲学文学士学位;20世纪80年代初,其因热衷于时政评论,遂开始投稿香港《信报》,并积极参与组建政党、创建论政组织“北辰学社”,又担任香港民主民生协进会创会评议长;1996年,因不满香港民协参与临时立法会,其与已故市政局议员区玉霞及前深水埗区议会主席黄仲棋等人组建了社会民主阵线;2003年,因不满香港特区行政长官董建华,其又组织民主倒董力量,由此又于2004年7月与他人组建了香港人民广播电台;2006年,其又担任民间人权阵线民生及民权小组副召集人;2025年,香港发生大埔宏福苑大火事件,12月1日,港内的民协、民主党等组织就宏福苑大火发起关于香港高楼维修政策的“民间记者会”,但次日就有港府相关部门通知该记者会取消,并且香港警务处国家安全处让其与另一参与举办记者会的人士廖成利到旺角警署面谈;事后,其虽在Facebook上发帖表示已见过国安处人员并安全返家,但12月6日就突遭国安处警方拘捕;其被指控因在YouTube披露了协助调查国安案件的会面内容,并由于曾就大埔宏福苑大火发表的评论以及带有煽动意图的内容(含陈述、相片、图片及/或影片),已涉嫌煽动仇恨中央政府及特区政府,所以其言行触犯了港版国安法条例(即《维护国家安全条例》第88条和第24条)的“妨害调查危害国家安全的罪行”——简称“妨害调查罪”——及“明知而发布具煽动意图的刊物”——简称“煽动意图罪”;12月9日其案在香港西九龙裁判法院庭审,后又经2026年1月20日、2月23日两度在西九龙法院庭审,依然无果续押,并将其案移送至区域法院再审;3月12日其案在区域法院再审,但因其申请保释被拒,其正在申请法律援助,故其案又将于2026年4月28日再审,以待法援署处理。目前疑似被羁押于香港荔枝角收押所。

3. 本期新增被判刑的26人名单:

17年:别尔扎提·波拉特汉、

10年:田杏宝、

7年:谢会建、

6年:巴丹益西、

4年6个月:栾庆玲、田仙言、

4年2个月:那子波、

4年:龚永成、姚玉芬、姜莲花、王海燕、孙福梅、孟宪强、

3年9个月:栾艳萍、崔秀菊、朱育池、

3年6个月:翟善勇、李升星、夏忆林、

3年4个月:付景春、

3年:李冰、熊素香、

2年6个月:李玉芳、宋瑞香、

1年:王金凤、张淑香、

报告称,截至目前,中国共有1698名在押政治犯、良心犯,其中死缓11人、无期徒刑19人、有期徒刑1409人、刑期不明25人,羁押未判259人,另有大量人员被精神病或强迫失踪的情况未完全记录。

每位政治犯、良心犯的被捕原因详情可访问维权网:《维权网:中国大陆在押政治犯、良心犯月度报告(2026年3月31日)第126期(共1698人)》

Russia chose 'Easter escalation' over ceasefire, says Zelensky

4 April 2026 at 16:34
EPA Six Ukrainian experts wearing helmets, and some of them wearing dark blue uniforms, work at the site of a drone attack in the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. Behind them stands a wrecked car. EPA
Kharkiv's mayor described the day of strikes on the city as "one of the biggest"

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused Moscow of choosing "Easter escalation" over an Easter ceasefire after Russia carried out another deadly large-scale drone and missile attack on Ukraine.

Six civilians were killed and 40 others injured as Russia launched hundreds of drones and missiles across the country.

Major daytime attacks, which were once rare, have been increasing.

It's happening as efforts to end the war, led by the US, have stalled since US President Donald Trump and his team shifted focus to the conflict in the Middle East.

Meanwhile, Zelensky agreed with a British intelligence assessment that the situation on the frontline in the east was the "most favourable" for Ukraine in 10 months, as the advance of Russian troops appears to have slowed.

But there has been no let-up in the air raids.

In the Zhytomyr region, west of Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, rescuers had to search for survivors beneath the rubble of their homes as a whole line of houses was destroyed.

In the Kyiv region, a drone was filmed careering towards a block of flats, then slamming into its side, starting a fire.

In Kharkiv, in north-eastern Ukraine, a woman was killed and other people were critically injured in a day of strikes the mayor called "one of the biggest" on the city so far.

Reuters View of the town of Korosten in Zhytomyr region shows several rows of houses damaged in a missile strikeReuters
Several houses were destroyed in the town of Korosten, in the Zhytomyr region

Zelensky described the barrage as Russia's response to his proposal of a temporary truce for the holidays: Orthodox Christians celebrate Easter next weekend both in Ukraine and in Russia.

"The Russians have only intensified their strikes, turning what should have been silence in the skies into an Easter escalation," he wrote on X.

In recent days, Ukraine has launched multiple deep strikes of its own, targeting energy facilities on the northern coast of Russia in particular. One port, in Ust-Luga, has been hit by drones multiple times, forcing Russia to suspend exports.

Zelensky said the offer of a holiday truce was still on the table if Moscow agreed, and that message had been passed on in a call to Trump's envoys, Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner.

Plans for further in-person talks with Russia, mediated by the US, have now been postponed twice. Moscow says they are "on hold".

Zelensky said Trump's team were welcome to come to Kyiv, then shuttle to Moscow, to keep the peace process alive.

But there are doubts over whether Moscow is really looking for a deal as the global context has shifted in its favour.

For Ukraine, the potential scarcity of fuel and surge in prices caused by the war on Iran is a worry: its own frontline troops need large amounts of diesel for their tanks and vehicles.

Conversely, it's good news for Russia, which can make more money on energy exports to fund its weapons production and pay for soldiers.

There are also concerns here about a potential shortage of US defensive missiles to shoot down the ballistic missiles that Russia keeps firing at Ukraine, since so many US Patriot systems are now being used in the war with Iran.

"The longer the war in the Middle East continues, the greater the risk that we will receive less weaponry," Zelensky told journalists in Kyiv in recorded messages. "This is extremely difficult – perhaps one of the most challenging tasks."

He did describe the situation on the frontline as "stable", with small territorial gains in places and losses elsewhere, and suggested the threat of a major Russian breakthrough had receded.

Even so, Ukraine's focus appears to be on holding the line now, not major advances of its own.

Trump seeks $152m to reopen notorious Alcatraz prison

4 April 2026 at 17:17
Getty Images A stock image of Alcatraz prison, showing a building sitting on an island Getty Images

US President Donald Trump is seeking $152m (£115m) to reopen the infamous Alcatraz prison as part of his proposed budget for the 2027 fiscal year.

Located near San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, the site, also known as The Rock, was once regarded as one of America's most notorious prisons, but has served as a tourist attraction in recent years.

The budget request is seeking money "to rebuild Alcatraz as a state-of-the-art secure prison facility", with funds covering the first year of costs.

The plan has been met with scepticism by a number of politicians in California, with questions raised about the final cost of the project and the challenges of running Alcatraz as an active prison.

The maximum security facility was closed in 1963. As a tourist site, it is currently run by the National Park Service.

Former speaker for the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, said the budget proposal from the Trump administration was "absurd on its face and should be rejected outright".

"Rebuilding Alcatraz into a modern prison is a stupid notion that would be nothing more than a waste of taxpayer dollars and an insult to the intelligence of the American people."

The request will need to be approved by the US Congress.

Previous criticism of Trump's plan has pointed to the lack of running water and sewage on the island, and the fact all supplies are required to be brought in by boat.

By the time Alcatraz closed, it was three times more expensive to operate than any other federal prison, according to the US Bureau of Prisons.

Pelosi also raised a concern echoed by other San Francisco politicians, that turning Alcatraz back into a functioning prison would mean the loss of an iconic landmark.

According to the National Park Service, the facility currently brings in $60m (£45m) in revenue as an attraction.

Money being sought to reopen the prison as an active facility is part of a $1.7bn (£1.3bn) investment into the Bureau of Prisons.

Getty Images A view of a cellblock on Alcatraz Island.Getty Images
There is no running water or sewage system on the island

Announcing his plans on Truth Social last year, Trump said was directing "the Bureau of Prisons, together with the Department of Justice, FBI, and Homeland Security, to reopen a substantially enlarged and rebuilt ALCATRAZ".

The prison would "house America's most ruthless and violent offenders".

Alcatraz was originally a naval defence fort, before being converted first to a military prison and then to a federal prison in the 1930s after being taken over by the Department of Justice.

Some of its most notable inmates have included notorious gangsters Al Capone, Mickey Cohen and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.

Alcatraz has served as a location in a number of films, notably 1962's Birdman of Alcatraz, starring Burt Lancaster, 1979's Escape from Alcatraz, starring Clint Eastwood, and 1996 film The Rock, starring Sean Connery and Nicolas Cage.

Football rally in Peru leaves one dead and dozens injured

4 April 2026 at 14:34
Getty Images Crowds of people gathering near an ambulance at one of the entrances of the Alejandro Villanueva Stadium in Lima, Peru. It's night time and some of the fans are hugging, others looked shocked.Getty Images
Fans and an ambulance outside Alejandro Villanueva Stadium in Lima, Peru.

An incident ahead of a local football derby in the Peruvian capital Lima has left one fan dead and dozens injured.

Officials are investigating the cause. Initial reports suggested parts of the stadium's wall and structure had collapsed, which has since been disputed.

Confirming the death, Peruvian Health Minister Juan Carlos Velasco Guerrero told media at a Lima hospital that 47 people were hurt - three of which are in a critical condition.

Hundreds had gathered around Alejandro Villanueva Stadium wearing football shirts and waving flags of the home team, Alianza Lima, ahead of a match against local rivals Universitario de Deportes.

Fire Chief Marcos Pajuelo told reporters that the structure of the southern stands appeared to be in good condition.

"There are no collapsed walls or sections fallen into the pit," Pajuelo said.

Saturday night's match will still go ahead as planned, the football league said.

Earlier, the interior ministry published on X that 40 firefighters responded to an emergency at the stadium "involving people trapped in a structure".

However, Alianza Lima later published a statement, also on X, that said: "According to the preliminary information available, the incident is not related to the collapse of walls or structural facilities of the sports complex".

The Peruvian Professional Football League's said in a statement that authorities are investigating the circumstances of the rally and highlighted its "commitment to the safety and well-being of all attendees at sporting events."

Senegal bans ministers from foreign travel as oil price rise bites

4 April 2026 at 18:15
AFP via Getty Images The back of a woman wearing a yellow T-shirt with a Shell logo on the back and a red cap stands by a car as she fills it up with petrol.AFP via Getty Images
The global increase in the price of fuel is putting pressure on the finances of the Senegalese government

Government ministers in Senegal have been banned from all non-essential foreign travel following the rise in the price of oil resulting from the conflict in Iran, the prime minister has announced.

Speaking at a youth rally on Friday, Ousmane Sonko said that the current cost of a barrel of oil was approaching double what had been budgeted for.

Sonko has postponed his own trips to Niger and Spain as part of the restrictions. He said that the mines minister would announce further measures to curb government spending in the coming week.

Senegal's move is the latest response from the continent to the oil price rise, which has seen countries reducing fuel levies and rationing electricity.

In his speech to young people, the prime minister said he did not want to "frighten" his audience or put pressure on them. Instead, he wanted to give them a "sense of this world, which is a difficult world", but added that though things were hard the Senegalese were resilient.

Despite a fledgling oil and gas industry, Senegal relies heavily on importing fuel.

Last year, the International Monetary Fund described the economy as "robust" with a growth rate of almost 8% and low inflation.

But its public debt – standing at more than 130% of the total annual size of the economy - is high. Sonko, installed as prime minister two years ago, blamed the previous government for saddling his administration with the debt, which he said had made the current situation of dealing with the price of oil even more difficult.

Elsewhere on the continent, this week South Africa's government responded to the rising oil price by reducing the tax it charges on petrol in an effort to limit the increase of the cost of fuel at the pumps.

Fuel shortages in Ethiopia have forced some government institutions to send employees on annual leave. South Sudan has started to ration electricity in its capital, Juba, while Zimbabwe is increasing the ethanol content in its petrol.

The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf as a result of the US-Israeli war on Iran has also led to a restriction of the supply of fertiliser to the rest of the world. An estimated 30% of this essential farming input goes through the Gulf.

Humanitarian organisation the International Rescue Committee warned on Wednesday that this was a "food security timebomb", particularly for East Africa which relies on fertiliser imports from the Middle East.

Getty Images/BBC A woman looking at her mobile phone and the graphic BBC News AfricaGetty Images/BBC

Go to BBCAfrica.com for more news from the African continent.

Follow us on Twitter @BBCAfrica, on Facebook at BBC Africa or on Instagram at bbcafrica

Italy's Uffizi Galleries targeted in cyber-attack but deny security breach

3 April 2026 at 23:04
Wirestock  A stunning view of the historic Uffizi Palace in Florence, ItalyWirestock
The Uffizi Galleries are among the most visited in the world

The Uffizi Galleries in Florence has confirmed they were subject to a cyber-attack - but denied that the security systems protecting its famous works had been compromised.

They stressed that nothing had been either damaged or stolen, after hackers were reported to have infiltrated the museum's IT systems and accessed sensitive security data.

Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera reported that hackers had infiltrated the museums' IT systems, allegedly extracting access codes, internal maps and the locations of CCTV cameras and alarms, before issuing a ransom demand.

But the Uffizi Galleries contested this account, saying its security systems were inaccessible from the outside.

The attackers appeared to have moved through interconnected systems, computers and phones, gradually piecing together a detailed picture of the museum's operations, Corriere reported.

A ransom demand was later sent to museum director Simone Verde's personal phone, the newspaper said, with a threat to sell the data on the dark web.

The Uffizi is home to some of Italy's most celebrated artworks, such as Botticelli's Birth of Venus and Primavera.

Corriere said the cyber-attack occurred between late January and early February, affecting not only the Uffizi but also its separate sites at Palazzo Pitti and the Boboli Gardens.

Ever since the Louvre museum in Paris was raided in broad daylight in October and priceless historic treasures stolen, with the masked gang seemingly able to take advantage of its weak and aging CCTV system, all major museums have had to reassess their security.

The Uffizi said work that was already under way had been accelerated "both before and after the cyber-attack".

Its situation was "nothing like the Louvre", it stressed, with analogue cameras replaced with digital ones, following recommendations made by the police in 2024.

Responding to claims that the hackers had found out the location of surveillance cameras and sensors, it said there was "no evidence whatsoever that the hackers possessed any maps of the security systems".

Anyone walking through the museum could see were the cameras were, as was the case with any public space, it said, so there was little surprise that their location had been found out.

"No passwords were stolen - none whatsoever - because the security systems are entirely internal and closed-circuit," it said, adding that employees' phones had also not been compromised by the hack.

Iguana Press/Getty Image Palazzo Pitti Museum external view at Palazzo Pitti on October 29, 2019 in Florence, ItalyIguana Press/Getty Image
The Palazzo Pitti ws the summer residence of the Medici family

Two floors of the Palazzo Pitti normally house the "Medici Treasure", so-called because the powerful Renaissance banking family spent their summers there, and Corriere claimed the hack had led to parts of the palace being closed since 3 February and valuable items being temporarily transferred to a vault of the Bank of Italy for safekeeping.

The museum did not deny that the treasures had been taken to a bank vault but insisted the move was part of planned renovation work.

Some doors and emergency exits at the palace had been sealed with bricks and mortar, and staff instructed not to speak publicly about the incident, according to Corriere.

However, the Uffizi attributed the bricked-up doors in part to fire-safety measures.

For decades, there had been no fire safety certification, it pointed out, and only two days ago it had submitted a safety notice to the fire brigade.

Other doors were sealed, it added, "to prevent excessive permeability of the historic building's spaces - structures dating back to the 1500s - considering their changed functions and the evolving international context".

It also reacted to claims that the intruders had stolen the Uffizi's entire digital photographic archive - a decades-long record of artworks and documents - insisting that its photographic server was intact because a back-up was in place.

Although it appeared to acknowledge the server had been taken down, it said that was necessary for the backup to be restored. That was now complete and no data had been lost, it said.

Despite the controversy, the Uffizi, Italy's second-most visited museum after the Vatican, generating around €60m (£52m; $69m) in annual revenue, remains open to visitors, with ticketing and public areas largely unaffected.

Three Charged With Arson in Attack on U.K. Jewish Charity’s Ambulances

4 April 2026 at 19:13
Two men and a teenager were arrested this week, the London police said, adding that the March attack had not been declared a terrorist incident.

© Leon Neal/Getty Images

The aftermath of the March 23 attack, which took place outside a synagogue in north London.

Virginie Demont-Breton painting the Opal Coast

By: hoakley
4 April 2026 at 19:30

Although it’s widely known that Jules Breton had a daughter, Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), who went on to paint, few today realise how successful she was, and how distinctive and delightful her paintings are. As is usual for women artists, lamentably few of her paintings are available as usable images, and little is reported of her career. This article is as much as I know.

She was born and named Virginie Élodie Marie Thérèse to Jules and Élodie Breton, in Courrières, inland from Calais on the north-east coast of France, on 26 July 1859. She was a precocious artist, and had her first work accepted by the Paris Salon in 1879 when she was still nineteen. She married the painter Adrien Demont the following year, after which she signed her paintings as Virginie Demont-Breton.

demontbretonfirststeps
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), First Steps (1881-2), oil on canvas, 90.1 x 60.3 cm, Private collection. Wikimedia Commons.

In her early career, she specialised in painting mothers with their young children. Her First Steps (1881-2) was exhibited at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles in 1881, although dated 1882, and was shown in the Salon in 1882. From there it was sold to Goupil, who sold it to the USA, where her paintings did as well as those of her father.

She was awarded a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle in Amsterdam in 1883, although I have been unable to identify which work(s) brought her that distinction.

demontbretonthebeach
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), The Beach (1883), oil on canvas, 190 x 348 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts d’Arras, Arras, France. Wikimedia Commons.

The Beach (1883), painted on the Channel coast, was exhibited at the Salon in 1883, where it earned her ‘hors-concours’ (because of exemplary record, her works didn’t need to be submitted to the jury in future), and was purchased by the state.

That year she joined the French Union of Women Painters and Sculptors, and served as its president from 1895-1901. Among her achievements for the Union was the full admission of women to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and their eligibility for the competition for the prestigious Prix de Rome.

demontbretonlhommeestenmer
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), L’homme est en mer (The Man is at Sea) (before 1889), oil on canvas, 161 x 134.5 cm, location not known. Wikimedia Commons.

L’homme est en mer (The Man is at Sea) (1889) is probably her best-known painting, and shows a fisherman’s wife warming herself and her sleeping infant by the fire, while her husband is away fishing at sea. It was exhibited at the Salon in 1889, where it was rapidly engraved for prints.

vangoghlhommeestenmer
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), L’homme est en mer (The Man is at Sea, after Demont-Breton) (1889), oil, dimensions not known, Private collection. Wikimedia Commons.

The reason for the fame of that painting is in part because of Vincent van Gogh’s copy, L’homme est en mer (The Man is at Sea, after Demont-Breton) (1889), painted when he was undergoing treatment in the Saint Paul asylum at Saint-Rémy. Van Gogh based this on a printed reproduction.

In 1890, she and her husband moved to the small fishing village of Wissant, on the Côte d’Opale between the capes of Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez, between Calais and Boulogne. The following year they started construction on a villa in neo-Egyptian style they named Typhonium, now a preserved historical site.

Their house became the focus of a group of artists known as the Wissant School, which was active until the early twentieth century. Members included Félix Planquette, Fernand Stievenard, Valentine Pépe, Henri and Marie Duhem, and Virginie and her husband Adrien.

demontbretonmarieduhem
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Portrait of Marie Duhem (detail) (1889), oil on panel, dimensions not known, Musée de la Chartreuse de Douai, Douai, France. Wikimedia Commons.

This detail of Virginie’s Portrait of Marie Duhem (1889) shows one of their close friends and colleagues in the Wissant School, at work en plein air on the coast near their house.

In 1893, Virginie was among the French women artists who took part in the Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition, forming its Woman’s Building.

demontbretonstellamaris
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Stella Maris (1894), oil on canvas, dimensions not known, Private collection. Wikimedia Commons.

This monochrome reproduction of Stella Maris (1894) is one of Virginie’s many paintings using maritime motifs, developed after moving to Wissant. Stella Maris is a popular name for Polaris, the Pole Star, which has been used since ancient times for celestial navigation, but the artist’s principal reference here is to its use as a traditional synonym for the Virgin Mary.

The wrecked mariners clinging on to the rigging have been joined by a vision of the Virgin Mary, who bears the infant Jesus in her arms. This painting was exhibited at the Salon in 1895, and the print comes from a 1905 book on Women Painters of the World.

In 1894, Virginie was admitted to the Legion of Honour, and in 1896 was recognised by the Rosati Society for her achievements.

demontbretonintothewater
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Into the water! (c 1898), oil on canvas, 182.1 x 122.5 cm, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp, Belgium. Wikimedia Commons.

She continued painting intimate family scenes around the Channel coast. Into the water! (c 1898) shows a fisherman’s wife taking her young children for what may well have been their only opportunity to bathe properly.

demontbretonmenofthesea
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Men of the Sea (1898), oil, dimensions not known, Musée de Picardie à Amiens, Amiens, France. Wikimedia Commons.

Men of the Sea (1898) is another monochrome reproduction of a full-colour original painting, showing the fishermen of Wissant landing their catch on the beach. This compares with her father’s earlier (1879ish) paintings of fisherfolk in Brittany, and Winslow Homer’s famous paintings from 1881 of those at Cullercoats, north-east England.

demontbretonfirstdaringthrill
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Première audace premier frisson (First dare, first thrill) (1900), oil, further details not known. Wikimedia Commons.

Première audace premier frisson (First dare, first thrill) (1900) is a monochrome reproduction showing two young children entering the water at Wissant. This was exhibited at the Salon in 1900.

Like her father, later in Virginie’s career she turned to writing poetry and prose, which were also successful. Her collected poems were published in 1920, and four volumes of memoires between 1926-1930. She died in Paris on 10 January 1935.

Among her undated works are the following.

demontbretonmotherchildorangegrove
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Mother and Child in an Orange Grove (date not known), oil on canvas, 102.2 × 69.8 cm, Private collection. Wikimedia Commons.

Mother and Child in an Orange Grove (above) was probably painted in the south of France, as was Under the Orange Tree (below).

demontbretonunderorangetree
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Under the Orange Tree (date not known), oil on canvas, 61.5 x 53.3 cm, location not known. The Athenaeum.
demontbretonalmamater
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Alma Mater (date not known), oil on canvas, 92.5 x 66 cm, location not known. Wikimedia Commons.

Alma Mater is an unusual version of the Nativity, in which the Virgin Mary’s traditional blue has been transferred to the painted plaster behind her, so she can be dressed in white.

demontbretondivineapprentice
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935) Le Divin Apprenti (The Divine Apprentice) (date not known), oil, further details not known. Wikimedia Commons.

Le Divin Apprenti (The Divine Apprentice) is a monochrome reproduction of a full-colour original. This shows the Holy Family in Joseph’s carpenter’s shop. The elderly Joseph guides Jesus in sharpening a knife on a whetstone turned by his mother Mary. Sunlight cast through the window illuminates the boy’s head.

This compares with John Millais’ famous Christ in the House of His Parents (1849-50).

demontbretonyoungfisherman
Virginie Demont-Breton (1859–1935), Young Fisherman Watches the Sea (date not known), oil, 61.5 x 50 cm, location not known. Wikimedia Commons.

Young Fisherman Watches the Sea is a thoughtful portrait of a young man whose future depends on his abilities to survive at sea. Note how painterly are the waves and other details in the background, which are also deliberately defocussed.

Although there are no books devoted to her work, as far as I can discover, a catalog raisonné is being prepared, which will be a major step forward in documenting her paintings properly. Not as great a modern Master as her father, perhaps, like the work of the women Impressionists, she broadened the appeal of painting, and was important in opening up art as a career for women. She deserves greater recognition.

Reference

Wikipedia.

Trump seeks $152m to reopen notorious Alcatraz prison

4 April 2026 at 17:17
Getty Images A stock image of Alcatraz prison, showing a building sitting on an island Getty Images

US President Donald Trump is seeking $152m (£115m) to reopen the infamous Alcatraz prison as part of his proposed budget for the 2027 fiscal year.

Located near San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge, the site, also known as The Rock, was once regarded as one of America's most notorious prisons, but has served as a tourist attraction in recent years.

The budget request is seeking money "to rebuild Alcatraz as a state-of-the-art secure prison facility", with funds covering the first year of costs.

The plan has been met with scepticism by a number of politicians in California, with questions raised about the final cost of the project and the challenges of running Alcatraz as an active prison.

The maximum security facility was closed in 1963. As a tourist site, it is currently run by the National Park Service.

Former speaker for the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, said the budget proposal from the Trump administration was "absurd on its face and should be rejected outright".

"Rebuilding Alcatraz into a modern prison is a stupid notion that would be nothing more than a waste of taxpayer dollars and an insult to the intelligence of the American people."

The request will need to be approved by the US Congress.

Previous criticism of Trump's plan has pointed to the lack of running water and sewage on the island, and the fact all supplies are required to be brought in by boat.

By the time Alcatraz closed, it was three times more expensive to operate than any other federal prison, according to the US Bureau of Prisons.

Pelosi also raised a concern echoed by other San Francisco politicians, that turning Alcatraz back into a functioning prison would mean the loss of an iconic landmark.

According to the National Park Service, the facility currently brings in $60m (£45m) in revenue as an attraction.

Money being sought to reopen the prison as an active facility is part of a $1.7bn (£1.3bn) investment into the Bureau of Prisons.

Getty Images A view of a cellblock on Alcatraz Island.Getty Images
There is no running water or sewage system on the island

Announcing his plans on Truth Social last year, Trump said was directing "the Bureau of Prisons, together with the Department of Justice, FBI, and Homeland Security, to reopen a substantially enlarged and rebuilt ALCATRAZ".

The prison would "house America's most ruthless and violent offenders".

Alcatraz was originally a naval defence fort, before being converted first to a military prison and then to a federal prison in the 1930s after being taken over by the Department of Justice.

Some of its most notable inmates have included notorious gangsters Al Capone, Mickey Cohen and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.

Alcatraz has served as a location in a number of films, notably 1962's Birdman of Alcatraz, starring Burt Lancaster, 1979's Escape from Alcatraz, starring Clint Eastwood, and 1996 film The Rock, starring Sean Connery and Nicolas Cage.

Missing Airman Raises Concerns That Iran Could Gain Leverage Over the U.S.

4 April 2026 at 18:51
Since 1979, Iran has repeatedly used Americans and Europeans detained on its territory to win concessions over more powerful adversaries.

© Arash Khamooshi for The New York Times

Women walking by a mural of the Statue of Liberty on the outer wall of the former U.S. embassy in Tehran. In 1979, a group of militant students took over the embassy and kept 52 Americans captive for 444 days.

美海军造船经费申请在2027财年提案中增长近50%,为1962年来最高 - RFI - 法国国际广播电台

4 April 2026 at 18:45
04/04/2026 - 12:29

美国白宫周五公布了2027财年预算提案,寻求将国防开支飙升44%,至1.5万亿美元。根据预算文件,五角大楼提出的新造船资金申请金额位列朝鲜战争以来最高之列,堪比里根时代的600艘舰艇建造计划,以及上世纪60年代的核潜艇扩建计划。

在总额达1.5万亿美元的2027财年国家安全预算提案中,该预算分为基础预算和预算调和两部分,随着特朗普总统根据“黄金舰队”概念推进多个新型舰艇级别的建造,美国海军希望获得总额658亿美元的造船经费。

根据五角大楼的预算文件,美国海军在基础预算中申请了602亿美元用于造船,并在预算调和中申请了56亿美元。根据国会预算办公室的数据,若按通膨率调整,这一新申请金额是自1955年以来第二高的造船预算提案。按实际美元计算,最高申请额出现在1962年,当时正值美国海军推行“41艘为自由”弹道导弹核潜艇计划。

一份白宫两页的事实清单详细介绍了所谓的“精简版”预算提案,其中指出2027财年预算申请要求在政府各部门建造41艘舰艇,但并未提供舰艇类型细分或具体采购部门信息。事实清单的另一部分则表示,特朗普政府要求建造“18艘作战舰艇和16艘非作战舰艇”,共计34艘海军舰艇。

白宫的事实清单写道,“2027 年预算将建立特朗普总统的‘黄金舰队’,包括为‘特朗普’级战列舰和下一代护卫舰提供初始资金,以及提高公共造船厂的产能和改善整体船舶生产”。

美国海军希望建造两艘弗吉尼亚级攻击核潜艇、一艘哥伦比亚级战略核潜艇、一艘FF(X)护卫舰、一艘阿利·伯克级导弹驱逐舰、一艘圣安东尼奥级两栖船坞运输舰、一艘美利坚级两栖攻击舰、六艘麦克朗级中型登陆舰、两艘AS(X) 潜艇补给舰、两艘约翰·刘易斯级舰队油料补给舰、一艘“特种任务舰”、一艘胜利级海洋监视舰、一艘战略海运舰、一艘散装燃料船、一艘医疗船、一艘二手海运舰、四艘“岸舰连接器”、五艘消防艇和两项LCAC气垫登陆艇使用寿命延长计划。

该文件显示:“本预算还支持战略海运船、医院船、海上货物补给油轮、特种任务船、潜艇补给船和其他对后勤至关重要的船舶”。

美国海军学会新闻网报导指,预计本月晚些时候将公布五角大楼预算的更多细节。至于新项目,美国海军将继续推进“特朗普”级战列舰项目,以及基于美国海岸警卫队传奇级国家安全巡逻舰的护卫舰项目。

去年底,特朗普政府宣布了“黄金舰队”计划,其核心是建造新型战列舰。美国海军部长费兰(John C. Phelan)还取消了星座级护卫舰项目——该项目长期以来一直受到威斯康星州造船厂劳动力短缺和持续不断的方案调整的困扰,进展缓慢。取而代之的是,美国海军将采购HII公司英戈尔斯造船厂建造的国家安全巡逻舰的改进型。

2027财年预算申请要求基本预算为1.15万亿美元,另有3500亿美元作为预算调和。这1.5万亿美元的国防开支总额包括部分用于美国能源部研发和维护核武器的资金。

据了解,美国国会议员对特朗普政府拟议的1.5万亿美元国防预算的反应基本呈现党派分歧。国防相关委员会的共和党领导人对该提案表示赞赏。

同为共和党人的美国参议院军事委员会主席威克(Roger Wicker)和众议院军事委员会主席罗杰斯(Mike Rogers)在一份声明中表示:“这些资金将使美国的国防预算达到GDP的5%——我们长期以来一直支持这一目标,认为这是维护国家安全所必需的。特朗普总统也向我们的盟友和伙伴发出明确信号,敦促他们巩固近期取得的进展,与我们共同实现这一目标”。

美国参议院军事委员会首席成员、民主党人里德(Jack Reed)则批评这份预算申请“臃肿”且“缺乏纪律”。里德在声明中写道,“我们必须从乌克兰和伊朗的事件中吸取正确的教训。军方必须适应不断变化的威胁,并投资于智能、经济高效且先进的技术,以增强我们的防御能力,并提升美国的经济和技术优势。我们还必须继续投资于人才培养,并发展我们的国防制造业基础,以满足美国当前和未来的需求”。

周五公布的2027财年国防预算申请比2026财年预算增加了4410亿美元——拟议的44%的增幅是美国近代史上最大的一年增幅,甚至超过了20世纪80年代初里根总统执政时期的增幅。

华盛顿智库、美国企业公共政策研究所的预算分析师哈里森(Todd Harrison)认为,即使考虑到通膨因素,拟议的预算也是美国历史上规模最大的,甚至超过了二战时期的预算高峰。哈里森指出,“二战预算的峰值出现在1945年,按今天的美元计算略低于1.2万亿美元。因此,这次的预算将远远超过这个数字”。



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