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英国消费者保护组织“Which?”最近发布了一份调查报告，披露一些中国品牌的智能空气炸锅可能会收集用户的敏感信息，并上传至中国服务器，包括TikTok等平台。这一报告在国际社会引发了广泛关注，尤其是在数据隐私问题日益受到重视的背景之下。
据英国多家媒体报道，“Which?” 在一份调查报告中提到，中国智能家电爱国者之星（Aigostar）和小米的空气炸锅App在安装过程中，要求用户授权，其中包括位置追踪和通话录音等权限。调查发现，这些权限需求缺乏明确的解释，且收集的数据可能上传至第三方服务器。“Which?” 认为，这种数据收集超出了产品正常功能需求，构成“过度监控”的行为。小米的智能家居管理应用还与Facebook、TikTok等广告平台的追踪器连接，甚至在某些地区可能连接腾讯的追踪器。
江苏智能手机用户田先生表达了他的担忧，他本周五（8日）对自由亚洲电台说，智能设备这样做是侵犯个人隐私的行为：“小米、华为手机后台都是有监控的。你用手机应用程序，打电话都被监控。他们侵犯了客户的隐私。”
智能家电产品监视用户常态化
广东的家电销售员陈先生透露了中国智能家电的隐私问题，陈先生认为，这种现象或许是为了收集海外信息。他对本台说：“中国的电器，现在发展到所有互联网家电安装监听系统, 我认为是搜集国外情报的一种方式。”
中国国内手机用户陆勇在接受本台采访时表示，类似的隐私侵犯行为在中国是常见现象，甚至已经成为常态：“比如我们随便说一句什么话，比如我今天头疼，拼多多（应用程序）关于头疼的产品全发给你了。无论你说什么话，手机都能够检测到，并推送一些东西给你，这是后台监控嘛。”
小米公司对此回应称，用户隐私是其核心价值，所有数据均符合英国数据保护法，且智能空气炸锅并无录音功能。对于腾讯服务的使用，小米表示其仅在中国启用。
英国《卫报》和《每日邮报》等媒体本周报道，这类中国制造的智能家电产品在隐私权限上的操作不够透明，用户的个人信息可能在无知情的情况下被收集并分享给第三方。这一报告引起了英国政府的关注，信息专员办公室（ICO）计划在2025年春季推出新的数据保护条例，要求所有智能设备制造商在收集用户数据时必须告知明确目的，该规则还将适用于海外公司。
英国将于2025年推出限制措施
此外，出于安全隐患的考量，包括美国、韩国在内的多个国家已对中国制造的监控设备采取限制措施。例如，韩国曾因使用中国产摄像头而导致私人住宅视频泄露，美国的政府设施也已开始拆除或替换相关设备，以降低安全风险。
IT行业人士苗笠指出，安卓系统的应用权限需求日益复杂，智能家居应用普遍涉及数据收集。他对本台说，安卓虽然提供权限管理，但由于其开源特性，是否会被绕过依然是个难以监管的问题：“包括智能家具应用程序都会搜集大数据。安卓10以上系统（加入应用程序）应该都必须经过授权，比如‘仅此一次’还是‘启动后都允许’，安卓会有授权选项。但是，安卓不是封闭型系统，是否可以绕过权限，它具体怎么实现的，我不太清楚。”
英国即将出台的隐私新规意味着，未来智能产品的隐私问题将面临更严格的审查。
责编：许书婷、梒青 网编：瑞哲
© 法新社图片
国务院总理李强出席在昆明举行的大湄公河次区域经济合作第八次领导人会议，喊出“亲如一家命运共同体”，要积极深化“软硬联通”建设。分析认为中国除了巩固“后花园”关系外，也有意借中低阶产业链转移逃避制裁。
新华社报道，李强在会议中表示，大湄公河次区域经济合作机制成立30多年来，成为双方合作重要平台。他强调“当前世界进入新的动荡变革期，中国和湄公河国家是亲如一家的命运共同体，更要紧密团结协作。”在共同发展的道路上坚定携手前行，为地区和世界的和平安宁、发展繁荣作出积极贡献。
除了深入推进公路、铁路、港口等基础设施“硬联通”外，李强指出，要积极推动区域电网规划建设和升级改造，深化新能源电池、汽车和光伏等产业合作，打造更多跨境合作示范区，加快区域经济一体化进程。
中国透过大湄公河五国掩护 企图规避制裁
时事评论人士郑旭光接受本台访问时表示，大湄公河五国（柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国、越南）是中国当前最具经济意义的命运共同体，中国和阿盟、非盟、中亚五国是命运共同体，但湄公河五国不仅在地缘上是邻国，经济发展比中亚发达更具潜力。
“中国一方面是着眼于产业链转移的承接，另一方面则是希望能够通过这些国家缓解美国制裁对中国的影响。自从美国制裁后，许多中国产品通过越南贴牌出口以回避制裁。这种产业链的灰色经济，使得中国的实际经济增长未被全面掌握，外界低估了其规模，”他补充说。
郑旭光举例，前几年广东等地存在大量地下经济活动，例如牵涉到侵犯知识产权的所谓的A货生产，这些非法或半合法的经济活动涉及现金交易和包税制度，使得真实的产量和贸易量难以准确估算。这种与东南亚合作模式深具成效。“李强作为中国总理积极推动此一战略，打造更完善的国家保障和政治框架，支持中低端产能转移至东南亚地区，协助中国产业在美国贸易制裁下寻求生存空间，成为最好的掩护。”
近期传出中国透过买家绕过禁令，从新加坡获取先进制程AI芯片，郑旭光说，这与冷战时期东芝违反禁运，出售高阶工具机给苏联的情况相似。“这也说明中国是世界工厂，深度嵌入全球产业链，使美国的制裁措施更加棘手。”
据中国海关总署7日公布数据显示，前10个月，东盟是中国第一大贸易伙伴，贸易增长8.8%，占中国外贸总值的15.7%。其中，对东盟出口增长12.5%；自东盟进口增长3.8%；对东盟贸易顺差1.05万亿元，扩大38.2%。
中国与五国友好两面刃
资深财经评论人士王剑对本台表示，中国最重要的还是需要把经济实力对外辐射，因此积极推动与东南亚的“硬联通”，例如修建铁路和运河等基础设施，以实现更紧密的经济联系，试图将东南亚打造为自身的“后花园”。
王剑：“这种联通带来的影响也有其两面性。由于美国试图将东南亚发展成第二生产基地，替代中国世界工厂的角色，这意味着中国与东南亚的产业供应链联通，也可能会助长部分产业外移至东南亚，进一步削弱中国在全球供应链中的地位。”
越南与中国冲突不断 积极拉美国平衡
另一方面，今年9月越共中央总书记苏林上任后，随即8月18至20日访问中国，与中国领导人习近平会面。李强在上个月12日出访越南，强调双方要坚持友好协商，妥善处理分歧。今年9月底，越南10名渔民在南海西沙群岛附近海域捕鱼时，被中国船只包夹及遭约40名人员持铁棍攻击致多人重伤。
越南与中国维持友好关系的同时，也积极发展美越关系。中央社指出，在特朗普当选后，越共中央总书记苏林、国家主席梁强和总理范明正向特朗普发出贺电，并重申越南视美国为重要的战略伙伴。
贺电指出，越南高层领导人相信，在两国各时期领导人过去近30年所打造的稳固基础上，以及特朗普在第一任期和新任期的强力支持下，越美全面战略伙伴关系将持续深化、有效、可持续发展，这是为了两国人民的利益与期望，也是为了区域与世界的和平、稳定、合作与发展。
王剑分析，中国在经济、政治、文化、地缘政治及军事等多方面对湄公河五国有强大影响力，使得这些国家在各个层面都需维持与中国的友好关系。若中国愿意付出经济利益，这些国家也倾向支持中国的主张。这五国本属于中国的势力范围，“然而，美中之间在东南亚地区的竞争持续升级，双方提升对合作伙伴的定位。美国将双边的关系提高到战略合作伙伴，中国积极提升到生命共同体，努力超越美关系的层级。”
责编：许书婷、安克 网编：瑞哲
© （Handout / MYANMAR MILITARY INFORMATION TEAM / AFP ）
讲述习仲勋成长故事的电视剧《西北岁月》近日在中国大陆开播。因为中国大陆经济形势下滑，外界传闻习近平受到颇多压力，此时上映这部影片是否另有深意？中共的西北历史十分敏感，这部影片将如何处理刘志丹、高岗等敏感人物？
中国首部以中共元老、国家主席习近平之父习仲勋作为主角的电视剧《西北岁月》于11月5日晚在中央电视台黄金档播出，同步在腾讯视频、芒果TV、爱奇艺网络平台上线。
据公开报道，这部39集的历史题材剧作演员阵容雄厚，由青年演员吴磊饰演青年习仲勋，由中国政协委员靳东饰演成年习仲勋，当红女星倪妮饰演习仲勋妻子、习近平母亲齐心。
在预告片中，靳东扮演的习仲勋在演讲中说：“什么是党性呢？实事求是就是最大的党性”，获得一片欢呼，片中还出现已故中共领导人毛泽东为习仲勋题词“党的利益在第一位”的画面。
中共二十届三中全会后，颇多传闻指习近平在中共高层中受到压力和指责，临近年底中国经济无望达标，此剧在此时上映，引发联想。
习远平料有参与
习仲勋出生于1913年10月15日，青年时代加入中国共产党，中共陕甘边区根据地主要创建者和领导者之一。1949年中共执政后，担任过国务院副总理、中共政治局委员、全国人大副委员长等职，属于副国级领导人。
旅美时评人陈破空对自由亚洲分析说：“按照级别来算，只有开国元老七个人毛刘朱周陈林邓能拍这种电视剧，习仲勋只做过副总理，这个级别还没有先例，的确是一个破格。”但他认为，电视剧有很长的制作周期，这部剧应该并非为当下的时间点策划的，也不应该过多解读。
上一次破格纪念习仲勋还是2013年。据报道，为习仲勋百岁诞辰，中国地方一些省市从九月下旬起就纷纷举行活动，尤其是习仲勋曾工作过的广东陕西两地；中央电视台制作播放了六集纪念片；中共党史出版社出版了《习仲勋文集》、《习仲勋纪念文集》和《习仲勋画册》。习仲勋的小儿子习远平出席了广东省委的座谈会，会上将习仲勋是广东改革开放的“奠基人之一”，“为中国特色”社会主义道路的确立做出了重要贡献；习近平则以家属身份出席了在人民大会堂举办的北京座谈会。
新加坡《联合早报》评论说，习仲勋生前是中共党内著名的改革派人士，在推动经济改革的过程中起到了重要作用。中国官方隆重纪念习仲勋百年诞辰，有利于消减外界对官方可能“向左转”的疑虑。
但随后，习仲勋在陕西富平的墓地于2015年被扩建成为陵园，占地扩大，并被中宣部命名为全国爱国主义教育示范基地，引起了“父凭子贵”议论。习近平并未延续其父之前亲民、开放的领导人形象，逐渐背离了习仲勋的民间符号。
对此，陈破空分析认为：“习近平的主要思想脉络来自于他母亲，他母亲的教导就是要党性。文革时打倒习仲勋，他母亲齐心也喊打倒习仲勋。习近平13岁被戴高帽子批斗，他母亲也在台下喊打倒习近平，习近平逃回家要一口水喝，要一口饭吃。他母亲不仅不给，还冒着大雨去告密。所以他的母亲给了最他深刻的影响，就是要党性，不要人性。”
不过，明镜集团创始人何频认为，中共元老的后代拍摄一部家长的电视剧，是很多红二代的做法，不足为奇。他对自由亚洲表示，“红二代这些人，他们一个主要工作就是退休之后给父母拍一些电视剧或者电影，有的由当地政府支持，有的是公司支持，有的是自己掏一部分钱，这是个普遍的现象。”
他还表示，习仲勋虽然官职最高是副国级，但在中共党内地位并不低，主要由于文革前被打倒，影响了后来的任用。“他的资历是并不浅的，加上习近平是总书记、国家主席，所以可能拍马屁的人更多，但是拍这么一个片子本身不是一个特别有意味的事情。”
但据何频判断，此剧的定稿习远平应有参与。“习远平参与几乎是可以肯定的。习远平作为习家现在最重要的公关人物，因为他没有官职，很多事情都是他出面，所以就比较方便一点。我认为习远平估计是幕后的一个主要策华者。习家可能一定程度上都参与。但是这也是常规，中央文献办公室、研究院这些机构都会参与。”
国家广电总局对此剧的描述为：《西北岁月》从项目策划、剧本创作至拍摄完成历时六年，是“中宣部、广电总局指导创作的重大革命题材电视剧”，“是中宣部2024年度文化产业发展专项资金支持项目”。
不过，根据中国官方公开数据，《西北岁月》由陕西文化产业（影视）投资有限公司（下称陕西文化）报备，于2023年7月获得陕西省级管理部门同意备案，2023年8月开始拍摄。
陕西文化产业（影视）投资公司的董事长孙昌博是陕西省政协委员，同时兼任陕西文投集团副总经理，其任命经过中共陕西省委组织部公示。
陕西文投也是投资拍摄《西北岁月》的陕西文化的大股东，根据企业注册资料，其背后是中共陕西省委宣传部。
热度成谜
与外媒热议不同，这部电视剧在中国国内并未获得太多流量和热度。
检索中国社媒平台，以“西北岁月”为关键词的话题，在抖音上最高仅有1800余万次播放，无缘抖音热榜；在微博上最高仅有7800万浏览，原创帖数仅4800余条，只在热搜榜第33位短暂上榜了30分钟。在中国影视剧评分平台豆瓣，这部剧显示“因评分人数不足”暂无评分状态。
微博前审核员刘力朋对自由亚洲说，“豆瓣应该是设置了禁止评分。”他分析说，这部影视剧虽然在央视黄金时段上映，但看起来并未组织集体宣发。他说，“如果是重磅推出，三大家（央视、人民日报、新华社）会一起发，那么平台不用怎么推，自然就能上热搜。现在这种情况，就是官方没怎么推，而且习仲勋、习近平这些词都是最高级的敏感词，一般人发也发不出来，所以就没有什么热度，说明上面可能也不想把它推太热。”
或为高岗“软平反”
这部电视剧的时间跨度是从1927年到1952年，避开了习仲勋在1962年即被打倒及16年才平反的阶段，但同时也避开了1980年代后习仲勋在东南沿海改革开放的岁月。
不过，中共在西北的早期历史涉及到刘志丹、高岗等未被平反的早期党内高层人物，也有诸多敏感之处。习仲勋在1962年被打倒也是因为支持出版小说《刘志丹》被毛泽东定性为“用小说反党”。
对此，陈破空分析说：“今天又捧习仲勋，暗示他开创西北有功，是后来中国起死回生的一个宝地或者是根据地，应该有暗示他父亲功劳的意思。”
中国人民大学前社会学教授周孝正对自由亚洲分析说：“中国共产党从这1921年建党以后就开始搞分裂，1931年在江西瑞金成立了中华苏埃共和国，在福建也分了一块，广东也分裂了一块，陕北也分了一块，陕北就是习仲勋和刘志丹，他们都是一伙的，后来刘志丹就被内部的人给打死了，所以说他现在想讲西北的历史，那绝对是一个内斗的历史，而且非常厉害啊，他敢说真话吗？要我说就是越描越黑。”
周孝正还提到，他早年在人民出版社的《习仲勋传》中看到一个重要情节：习仲勋在陕北高小学校的教导主任叫徐海，习仲勋对其有意见，就和几个同学往教师灶下毒，想把徐海毒死。“你对教导主任有意见，你给教师灶下毒，那可不只是教导主任一个人吃，这叫什么？叫恐怖主义。当时他的年龄大概是十四五岁。这个他敢写吗？”
何频则认为，习仲勋当年是作为高岗、刘志丹的主要“战友”受到波及，这部剧或有“软平反”的意思。
早在2014年，习远平就曾在纪念陕甘边区苏维埃政府成立八十周年的发言中提到：“我父亲生前十分怀念刘志丹伯伯，多次写文章纪念这位革命的引路人。他的优秀品格给我父亲留下了特别深刻的印象。在志丹伯伯牺牲后的漫长岁月里，我父亲和志丹伯伯一家人始终保持着十分亲密的关系，这种友谊经受了岁月和风雨的考验，历久弥坚。”习远平在文中还提到，曾与妻子一同看望刘志丹的女儿刘力贞。不过，刘力贞已于2014年年底去世。
何频说，“习家和这两个家族关系非常好。高刚的夫人李立群当时在教育部的高教司工作，她在习近平读清华大学上起了帮助性的作用。高岗的孩子和习家的孩子关系都非常好，所以这个剧里面有一部分实际上是为高岗进行‘软平反’的意思。”
据BBC报道，2013年纪念习仲勋百年诞辰时，曾有中国网民在微博留言，“奇怪，在习主席上台之前怎么就没人大张旗鼓的纪念习老先生呢？”
11年后，以习仲勋为主角的《西北岁月》开播当日，是一众演员集体跟帖评论：“心怀家国，砥砺前行，以信仰为帆冲破险阻，以坚韧之志铸就辉煌。”
责编 李亚千 网编：瑞哲
© 维基百科/公有领域
© Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times
© Bing Guan/Reuters
Getty ImagesAt least one thing was taken for granted before voting day - women across the US were going to turn out for Kamala Harris.
Just as months of relentless polling showed Harris in a virtual tie with Donald Trump, many of those same surveys told the story of a yawning gender gap.
It was a strategy Harris’s team was betting on, hoping that an over-performance among women could make up for losses elsewhere.
It didn’t happen.
Across the country, the majority of women did cast their ballots for Harris, but not by the historic margins she needed. Instead, if early exit polls bear out, Harris’s advantage among women overall - around 10 points - actually fell four points short of Joe Biden’s in 2020.
Democrats suffered a 10 point drop among Latino women, while failing to move the needle among non-college educated women at all, who again went for Trump 63-35, preliminary data suggests.
The shortfall was not for lack of trying.
Throughout her 15-week campaign, much of Harris’s messaging was aimed directly at women, most obviously with her emphasis on abortion.
On the trail, Harris made reproductive rights a cornerstone of her pitch. She repeatedly reminded voters that Trump had once bragged about his role in overturning Roe v Wade - a ruling that ended the nationwide right to an abortion.
“I will fight to restore what Donald Trump and his hand-selected Supreme Court justice took away from the women of America,” Harris said at her closing address in DC last week.
Her most powerful advertisements featured women who had suffered under state abortion bans - deemed “Trump abortion bans” by Harris - including those who said they were denied care for miscarriages.
The strategy, it seemed, was to harness the same enthusiasm for abortion access that drove Democrats’ unexpected success in the 2022 midterms.
Abortion rights remain broadly popular - this Gallup poll in May suggested only one in 10 Americans thought it should be banned.
And even these election results seemed to underline that. Eight out of the 10 states where abortion was on the ballot voted in favour of abortion rights.
But that support did not translate into support for Harris.
Getty ImagesAbortion did matter to women, it just didn’t matter enough, said Evan Ross Smith, a pollster and campaign consultant.
“Voters - particularly the women - who feel strongest about abortion are already voting for Democrats,” he said. But Democrats were unable to raise the salience of abortion for women who didn’t yet see it as a pressing issue.
“The abortion argument did not penetrate at all with non-college educated women, did not move them an inch. And they lost ground with Latinos,” Mr Smith said.
For many, the decisive issue proved to be the economy.
In pre-election surveys and preliminary exit data, inflation and affordability continued to top lists of voters' concerns. And for these voters, Trump was the overwhelming favourite.
Jennifer Varvar, 51, an independent from Grand Junction, Colorado said she had not even considered a vote for Harris because of the financial stress she faced over the past four years.
“For me and my family, we’re in a worse position now than we ever have been financially. It’s a struggle. I have three boys to put food on the table for,” she said. Things had been better under Trump, she said, and that’s why she voted for him.
Getty ImagesBut if gender didn't divide the electorate in the way some expected, it still played a part in the Harris defeat, say some analysts.
There have been many explanations offered for Trump’s resounding victory but for some there is one thing that stands out.
“I do think that the country is still sexist and is not ready for a woman president,” said Patti Solis Doyle, who managed Hillary Clinton’s 2008 presidential campaign, to Politico.
Unlike Clinton, who explicitly leaned into her gender and the history-making potential of her campaign, Harris was noticeably reluctant to do the same.
There is a widespread belief that the country is more ready for a woman president now than when Clinton ran a second time in 2016. But it's still an open question.
A Reuters/Ipsos poll in October suggested 15% of those surveyed would not be able to vote for a female president.
And Donald Trump, who doubled down on masculinity in this election, may have played a part in exploiting that.
“He framed being president as being a tough guy in a dangerous world… he framed that as the job description," said Mr Smith.
“And that’s one of the hardest possible job descriptions for a woman to successfully meet, in the minds of many Americans.”
ReutersThe UN's Human Rights Office has condemned the high number of civilians killed in the war in Gaza, saying its analysis shows close to 70% of verified victims over a six-month period were women and children.
The agency said the high number was largely due to Israel's use of weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated areas, although some deaths may have been the result of errant projectiles by Palestinian armed groups.
The report said it found "unprecedented" levels of international law violations, raising concerns about "war crimes and other possible atrocity crimes".
Israel has in the past said it targets Hamas and takes steps to mitigate risk to civilians by using precise munitions.
The BBC contacted the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) for comment in response to Friday's report.
The UN agency said it verified the details of 8,119 people killed in Gaza from November 2023 to April 2024.
Its analysis found around 44% of verified victims were children and 26% women. The ages most represented among the dead were five to nine-year-olds.
About 80% of victims were killed in residential buildings or similar housing, the agency added.
The report said the data indicates "an apparent indifference to the death of civilians and the impact of the means and methods of warfare".
Gaza's Hamas-run health ministry, whose figures the UN sees as reliable, has reported a death toll of more than 43,300 people over the past 13 months. Many more bodies are believed to remain under the rubble of bombarded buildings.
The health ministry said it obtained full demographic data for a majority of those killed and reported that children account for one in three of that number.
UN Human Rights Chief Volker Türk said in a statement that "this unprecedented level of killing, and injury of civilians is a direct consequence of the failure to comply with fundamental principles of international humanitarian law".
He cited the laws of distinction, which requires warring parties to distinguish between combatants and civilians, proportionality, which prohibits attacks where harm to civilians outweighs military advantage, and precautions in attacks.
Türk called for a "due reckoning with respect to the allegations of serious violations of international law".
The IDF has previously told the BBC in response to criticism that it "will continue to act, as it always has done, according to international law".
ReutersThe report also said the way the warring parties have conducted the conflict in Gaza has "caused horrific human suffering".
The UN said Palestinian armed groups have waged war from densely-populated areas and indiscriminately used projectiles, likely contributing to the death toll, while the IDF has destroyed civilian infrastructure and "left many of those alive, injured, displaced and starving, without access to adequate water, food or healthcare".
The situation is worst in north Gaza, which aid groups say has been under siege since early October when Israel launched a new ground offensive against Hamas.
The UN said no food aid entered the north during the first two weeks of October.
This prompted the US to issue an ultimatum to Israel to increase aid by 12 November or risk losing some military support.
Jan Egeland, the head of aid organisation Norwegian Refugee Council, told the BBC on Friday that he saw "devastation, despair, beyond belief" on a recent visit to Gaza.
"There is hardly a building that is not damaged. And large areas looked like Stalingrad after the Second World War. You cannot fathom how intense this indiscriminate bombing has been on this trapped population," he said.
"It's evident that it is first and foremost children and women who are paying a price for this senseless war," he added.
Israel launched its current military offensive in Gaza after Hamas' attack on 7 October 2023 that killed 1,200 people in Israel and took 251 hostages back to Gaza.
BBCJune Spencer, who played matriarch Peggy in BBC Radio 4's long-running drama The Archers from 1951 until her retirement in 2022, has died at the age of 105.
A statement said she died peacefully in her sleep in the early hours of Friday.
"Her family would like to pay particular tribute and thanks to the staff team at Liberham Lodge, who so lovingly cared for her in the last two years," it said.
Her character Peggy Woolley (formerly Archer) was often viewed as a traditionalist, conservative character in the long-running drama charting the ups and downs of life in fictional Ambridge.
Speaking as the show's only original cast member in 2019, she said: "I had no idea I'd be ever be 100 for a start, let alone still working!
"It's been marvellous, I hope I can keep on doing it for a bit, and perhaps set an example to older people who have just given up," she said.
Three years later, when she did decide it was time to leave the show, she said: "In 1950 I helped to plant an acorn. It took root and in January 1951 it was planted out and called The Archers."
She added that "over the years it has thrived and become a splendid great tree with many branches. But now this old branch, known as Peggy, has become weak and unsafe so I decided it was high time she 'boughed' out, so I have duly lopped her".
The present Queen was among Spencer's many fans, and as Duchess of Cornwall she invited the actress and her co-stars to Clarence House for a reception in 2021, marking the show's 70th anniversary.
She called Peggy "a true national treasure who has been part of my life, and millions of others, for as long as I can remember".
Last year the Queen celebrated the 20,000th episode of the show by raising a glass to the "joy, tears and laughter" it gives.
Surrey PoliceThe father of 10-year-old Sara Sharif told a court he gave his daughter CPR after she died and that his wife refused to call for an ambulance.
Urfan Sharif said he came home on the evening of 8 August last year to find Beinash Batool sitting on the floor in the couple's bedroom, holding Sara.
Police found Sara’s body with dozens of injuries at the family’s home in Woking, Surrey, two days later.
Mr Sharif, 42, Ms Batool, 30, and Sara's uncle, Faisal Malik, 29, have denied murder at the Old Bailey.
Sara's father said Ms Batool told him the girl had fallen down the stairs while playing with another child, and that now she was “pretending” and “being dramatic".
Mr Sharif said he told Sara to “get up” and took her arm, but it was limp.
“Then I took Sara from Beinash’s lap," he said.
"[Sara] whispered and opened her mouth a bit. She said she is thirsty and she needs water.”
Mr Sharif told the jury that he called for water and put Sara on the bed, but his wife told him to put her on the floor.
“I shouted for an ambulance because I could not hear her breathing, I checked her pulse under the ear, it was none. I had done my first aid training two times,” he said.
He said that he gave Sara CPR for more than ten minutes but Mr Batool told him to stop.
Mr Sharif said that when he asked where the ambulance was, Ms Batool replied: "It’s no point. There’s no need because she’s dead.”
Surrey PoliceMr Sharif said he noticed a red mark around Sara's neck, and at this point Ms Batool told a "second story" claiming Sara had been fighting with another child.
Defence barrister Naeem Mian KC asked “Why didn’t you call the police?”
And Mr Sharif replied: “I was thinking about the other kids. They are going to be taken into care.[The child] is going to go to prison.”
That evening Ms Batool called a travel agent to start the process of booking flights for the whole family apart from Sara to go to Pakistan, he said. They left the country the next day.
Hours after Sara had died, Ms Batool also showed Mr Sharif on her phone the difference between murder and manslaughter, jurors heard.
“She is very good at Googling stuff,” Mr Sharif said.
When police came to the house after Mr Sharif had called them from Pakistan, there was a handwritten note by Sara’s body that read: “Whoever see this note it’s me Urfan Sharif who killed my daughter by beating.”
The jury has been told that Ms Batool and Mr Sharif dispute each other’s version of events.
The trial continues.
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特朗普当选美国第47任总统，对华政策会有何改变？特朗普对中国宣称的60%关税会造成什么影响？有人形容特朗普是“交易型”总统，但美国的国家安全可以谈判交换吗？北京之春荣誉主编胡平，新加坡国立大学政治系副教授庄嘉颖，台湾智库谘询委员 #赖怡忠，美国圣汤玛斯大学国际研究讲座教授叶耀元解析，美国对华政策可能的走向。
民主党籍副总统哈里斯、共和党籍前总统特朗普抓紧最后时间，在关键摇摆州宾夕法尼亚以及其它州动员选民。贺锦丽将在华盛顿的霍华德大学等待选举结果揭晓，这是她的母校。川普将在海湖庄园等待选举结果。
（德国之声中文网）根据中国央视、新华社等官方媒体的报道，财政部长蓝佛安在当天举行的全国人大常委会第十二次会议新闻发布会上介绍：从2024年开始，中国将连续五年每年从新增地方政府专项债券中安排8000亿元，专门用于化债，累计可置换隐性债务4万亿元；再加上这次全国人大常委会批准的6万亿元债务限额，直接增加地方化债资源10万亿元。
北京用“隐性债务”来描述地方政府融资平台的贷款、债券以及影子信贷。根据蓝佛安的说法，2023年底中国国债30万亿元、地方政府法定债务40.7万亿元，隐性债务14.3万亿元，政府负债率为67.5%。他希望“政策协同发力后”能够在2028年前将地方隐性债务大幅降低到2.3万亿元人民币。 不过，根据国际货币基金组织的估算，2023年底中国地方政府隐性债务总额已经高达60万亿元人民币，远远高于蓝佛安所说的14.3万亿，占当年GDP的47.6%。
基建放缓：江苏南京，距离上海约300公里的省会，成排高铁列车在南站停靠。中国计划2024年新开通14条高铁，全长1700公里。多年来，中国一直力推基础设施建设。但如今，大规模基建放缓。
东三省的困境：图中是今年春节前夕辽宁沈阳的一个市场。近年来，在房地产危机之下，中国经济受到重压，影响到就业、社会的方方面面。沈阳所在的东北地区曾是中国重工业的摇篮，如今经济萧条。
农业与天时：盛夏，重庆的农民收获了玉米和辣椒。今年，由于洪水、酷热高温等极端天气，农田被毁，农产品价格飙升。
清洁能源与光伏内卷：在宁夏腾格里沙漠，光伏电池板组成大片的光伏基地。中国正大力推动清洁能源。然而，光伏产业如今正面临产能过剩，光伏企业面临严重内卷。
民以食为天：江苏如皋的工人在手工生产酱油。民以食为天。今年，中国也爆出食品安全事件：油罐车混装化工煤油和食用油，引发公众愤怒。
新疆的活畜市场：5月，新疆伊犁的活畜交易市场看上去颇为热闹。
期待日子“红红火火”：夏日，重庆的工人们将红辣椒分包待运。
内卷的汽车：南京一处报废汽车停放场地。作为全球最大汽车销售市场，中国汽车行业内卷十分严重。与此同时，报废汽车对环境的污染问题也有待解决。降低债务风险
路透社在报道中分析指出，中国财长此次宣布的措施标志着北京不再像过去那样全面注资刺激经济来试图拉动复苏，而是尝试通过稳定地方政府资产负债表来促进经济的长期稳定。
目前，中国地方政府面临负债率过高、财政收入不足的问题，许多公务员一直在遭遇减薪。同时，私营企业的债务也在累积，抑制了向实体经济的资金流动，加剧了通货紧缩的压力。
这场危机始于2021年的中国房地产崩盘，导致土地拍卖转让费大幅下滑，这也是各地方政府最为重要的财政收入来源，此后地方政府的负债快速上升。中国财政部长蓝佛安在11月8日的新闻发布会上说，此次地方化债置换隐性债务，有望为地方政府大幅节约利息支出，因为法定债务利率大大低于隐性债务利率。“我们估算，五年累计可节约6000亿元左右。”
刺激力度不足
不过，瑞联银行(UBP)亚洲高级经济师卡萨诺瓦(Carlos Casanova)在接受路透社采访时估计，中国总共需要23万亿元人民币的债券计划来降低未出售房产的库存，并偿还到期的地方隐性债务。卡萨诺瓦还指出，蓝佛安宣布的措施力度不足，“会让市场失望。”
上海安放私募基金的信用研究负责人黄雪峰也对路透社表示，这笔钱被用于置换隐性债务“意味着不会创造新的工作，因此对经济增长的支撑作用不会很直接。”
除了斥资10万亿元用于地方化债，中国财政部长蓝佛安还表示要“结合明年经济社会发展目标，实施更加给力的财政政策”，其中包括扩大专项债券发行规模、继续发行超长期特别国债、加大中央对地方转移支付规模，目的是支持国家重大战略和重点领域安全能力建设、加大力度支持大规模设备更新、扩大消费、加强对科技创新、民生等重点领域投入保障力度。
另据中国央视报道，中国国务院还在同一天批准扩大出口信用保险覆盖范围，并将加大对贸易企业的扶持。这显然是对特朗普胜选后中美贸易冲突可能加剧的反应。由于特朗普在选战期间扬言要对所有中国商品征收60%以上的关税，许多中国生产商感到不安，加速了产能向东南亚等地转移的进程，给中国经济的长期增长蒙上了阴影。
（路透社等） ©2024年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。
THE WORLD stands on the brink of multiple trade wars. Some will be unleashed with enthusiasm by Donald Trump, a man who hails tariffs as “the greatest thing ever invented”. Yet other, more reluctant clashes will surely follow, begun by blocs and countries whose prosperity depends on access to foreign markets. Expect those unhappy warriors, notably those based in Beijing and Brussels, to insist that—if forced into battle—their aim is to keep markets open and competition fair, not to tear the system down. Alas, the distinction matters less than defenders of globalisation hope. History records many examples of protectionists wreaking economic havoc. But trade-friendly governments often feel obliged to retaliate, too, rather than stand accused of abandoning domestic industries.
This article appeared in the International section of the print edition under the headline “Trade wars are coming”
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ReutersUS President-elect Donald Trump has announced his campaign manager, Susan Summerall Wiles, will serve as his White House chief of staff when he takes over the presidency next year.
In a statement, Trump said that Wiles "just helped me achieve one of the greatest political victories in American history" and "is tough, smart, innovative, and is universally admired and respected".
"It is a well deserved honour to have Susie as the first-ever female chief of staff in United States history," he continued. "I have no doubt that she will make our country proud.”
Wiles, 67, is the first woman to be appointed White House chief of staff.
The Trump transition team is currently working to choose top members of the incoming Republican administration, including the heads of all 15 executive departments, such as the secretaries of state and defence, from 20 January.
In his victory speech this week, Trump referred to Wiles as "the ice maiden" as she stood behind him on stage.
She operates mostly “in the back”, the president-elect said, but she is known as one of the most feared political operatives in the US.
"Susie will continue to work tirelessly to Make America Great Again," he added in his statement on Thursday, referring to his oft-repeated campaign slogan.
Getty ImagesA profile by Politico earlier this year described Susie Wiles as feared but little known.
Less than a year after Wiles started working in politics, she joined Ronald Reagan’s campaign ahead of his 1980 election.
She went on to play a key role in transforming politics in Florida, where she lives.
In 2010, she turned Rick Scott, a then-businessman with little political experience, into Florida’s governor in just seven months. Scott is now a US senator.
Wiles met Trump during the 2015 Republican presidential primary and became the co-chair of his Florida campaign. He went on to win the state over Hillary Clinton in 2016.
Florida Gov Ron DeSantis, who put her in charge of his successful gubernatorial race two years later, described Wiles as “the best in the business”.
Wiles worked on the Trump campaign alongside Chris LaCivita, a veteran of Republican politics with decades of experience.
The two worked with Trump to formulate a winning presidential primary strategy.
In her Politico profile, the 67-year-old grandmother - who is the daughter of late American football player and broadcaster Pat Summerall - said that she comes from a "traditional" political background.
“In my early career things like manners mattered and there was an expected level of decorum," she said, describing the Republican party as significantly different than the one of several decades ago.
"And so I get it that the GOP of today is different," she said, referring to the Republican party, who are also called the Grand Old Party (GOP).
"There are changes we must live with in order to get done the things we’re trying to do."
The chief of staff is considered to be the president's top aide, and plays a crucial role in every president's administration.
They essentially serve as the manager of the White House and are responsible for putting together a president's staff. A chief leads the staff through the Executive Office of the President and oversees all daily operations and staff activities.
They also advise presidents on policy issues and are responsible for directing and overseeing policy development.
Getty ImagesAt least one thing was taken for granted before voting day - women across the US were going to turn out for Kamala Harris.
Just as months of relentless polling showed Harris in a virtual tie with Donald Trump, many of those same surveys told the story of a yawning gender gap.
It was a strategy Harris’s team was betting on, hoping that an over-performance among women could make up for losses elsewhere.
It didn’t happen.
Across the country, the majority of women did cast their ballots for Harris, but not by the historic margins she needed. Instead, if early exit polls bear out, Harris’s advantage among women overall - around 10 points - actually fell four points short of Joe Biden’s in 2020.
Democrats suffered a 10 point drop among Latino women, while failing to move the needle among non-college educated women at all, who again went for Trump 63-35, preliminary data suggests.
The shortfall was not for lack of trying.
Throughout her 15-week campaign, much of Harris’s messaging was aimed directly at women, most obviously with her emphasis on abortion.
On the trail, Harris made reproductive rights a cornerstone of her pitch. She repeatedly reminded voters that Trump had once bragged about his role in overturning Roe v Wade - a ruling that ended the nationwide right to an abortion.
“I will fight to restore what Donald Trump and his hand-selected Supreme Court justice took away from the women of America,” Harris said at her closing address in DC last week.
Her most powerful advertisements featured women who had suffered under state abortion bans - deemed “Trump abortion bans” by Harris - including those who said they were denied care for miscarriages.
The strategy, it seemed, was to harness the same enthusiasm for abortion access that drove Democrats’ unexpected success in the 2022 midterms.
Abortion rights remain broadly popular - this Gallup poll in May suggested only one in 10 Americans thought it should be banned.
And even these election results seemed to underline that. Eight out of the 10 states where abortion was on the ballot voted in favour of abortion rights.
But that support did not translate into support for Harris.
Getty ImagesAbortion did matter to women, it just didn’t matter enough, said Evan Ross Smith, a pollster and campaign consultant.
“Voters - particularly the women - who feel strongest about abortion are already voting for Democrats,” he said. But Democrats were unable to raise the salience of abortion for women who didn’t yet see it as a pressing issue.
“The abortion argument did not penetrate at all with non-college educated women, did not move them an inch. And they lost ground with Latinos,” Mr Smith said.
For many, the decisive issue proved to be the economy.
In pre-election surveys and preliminary exit data, inflation and affordability continued to top lists of voters' concerns. And for these voters, Trump was the overwhelming favourite.
Jennifer Varvar, 51, an independent from Grand Junction, Colorado said she had not even considered a vote for Harris because of the financial stress she faced over the past four years.
“For me and my family, we’re in a worse position now than we ever have been financially. It’s a struggle. I have three boys to put food on the table for,” she said. Things had been better under Trump, she said, and that’s why she voted for him.
Getty ImagesBut if gender didn't divide the electorate in the way some expected, it still played a part in the Harris defeat, say some analysts.
There have been many explanations offered for Trump’s resounding victory but for some there is one thing that stands out.
“I do think that the country is still sexist and is not ready for a woman president,” said Patti Solis Doyle, who managed Hillary Clinton’s 2008 presidential campaign, to Politico.
Unlike Clinton, who explicitly leaned into her gender and the history-making potential of her campaign, Harris was noticeably reluctant to do the same.
There is a widespread belief that the country is more ready for a woman president now than when Clinton ran a second time in 2016. But it's still an open question.
A Reuters/Ipsos poll in October suggested 15% of those surveyed would not be able to vote for a female president.
And Donald Trump, who doubled down on masculinity in this election, may have played a part in exploiting that.
“He framed being president as being a tough guy in a dangerous world… he framed that as the job description," said Mr Smith.
“And that’s one of the hardest possible job descriptions for a woman to successfully meet, in the minds of many Americans.”
EPAAn Israeli football fan has described being attacked by several men in overnight violence that Amsterdam police say involved youths on scooters carrying out "hit-and-run" attacks that were hard to prevent.
Adi Reuben, a 24yr-old Maccabi Tel Aviv fan who was visiting Amsterdam for the club's Europa League match with Ajax, told the BBC he was kicked on the floor by a group of young men who confronted him when he was walking to his hotel.
He said more than 10 men came up to him and his friends and asked them where they were from.
"They shouted 'Jewish, Jewish, IDF, IDF',” Mr Reuben said, referring to the Israeli military.
"They started to mess with me and I realised I had to run, but it was dark and I didn't know where to go. I fell to the floor and ten people were kicking me. They were shouting ‘Palestine’.
"They were kicking me on the floor for about a minute, then they walked off, they weren’t afraid of anything.
“I realised I had full blood on my nose and my nose was broken and it is very painful."
Mr Reuben said he could not see properly for about 30 minutes after the attack. But he said he decided against going to hospital in Amsterdam because he had heard that taxi drivers were involved in the violence.
Instead he said he was flying to Israel on Friday afternoon on a flight organised by the Israeli government and would get medical treatment there.
"This was a specific attack that was organised beforehand,” he added.
Pnina, another Maccabi Tel Aviv supporter, also told Dutch media organisation NOS that the violence against Israelis appeared pre-planned.
"It seems like it was organised. There was a lot of people. They jumped on us... We hid in the hotels until it was safe to go outside," she said.
Esther Voet, editor-in-chief of a Dutch Jewish weekly newspaper, lives in the city centre and says she offered her home to shelter several Israeli fans, after she saw footage of the violence.
"I told them this is a Jewish home and you are safe here," she told Israeli public broadcaster Kann. "People were really scared. I never thought I would go through this in Amsterdam."
Dutch police said Israeli fans had suffered "serious abuses" during "hit-and-run" attacks many of which were carried out by young men on scooters.
Amsterdam police chief Peter Holla said it had proved difficult to prevent such attacks even though police had been present in the city centre in numbers. The force eventually decided to bring Maccabi supporters together and protect them before transporting them out of the area in buses, he said.
Five people were injured but had left hospital and between 20 and 30 more had been lightly hurt, he said.
The attacks overnight into Friday followed some tensions between Maccabi fans and people in Amsterdam over previous days, officials said.
On Wednesday Maccabi fans attacked a taxi and burned a Palestinian flag, police chief Holla said. Taxi drivers then headed towards a location where about 400 Maccabi fans had gathered but police were able to take them out of the area. There were further clashes in Dam Square overnight into Thursday but police were mostly able to keep the groups separate.
On Thursday evening before the match police accompanied pro-Palestinian demonstrators and mostly managed to keep them separate from football fans - but were then unable to prevent attacks later in the evening.
"We are looking back on 36 hours that really shocked me. Supporters from Israel have been attacked and some abused in a terrible way," Holla said.
"I'm particularly shocked by fact that we’ve had one of largest police actions and we were not able to control or prevent this violence."
ReutersAmsterdam's mayor Femke Halsema said the "war in the Middle East has threatened the peace in our city" and there had been a "terrible outburst of antisemitism".
She said Maccabi Tel Aviv fans were not considered to pose a threat of violence and there was no animosity between them and fans of Dutch club Ajax.
"I do understand that this reminds us of pogroms and that this happened in Amsterdam is reprehensible. Not only people got injured last night but the history of our city has been deeply damaged, the Jewish culture has been threatened," she said.
Some Maccabi Tel Aviv fans have previously been involved in racist incidents in Israel, including cursing at the team’s Palestinian and Arab players and reportedly applying pressure on the team to oust them.
Fans of the team have also previously attacked protesters demonstrating against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Asked about video footage appearing to show Maccabi fans in Amsterdam chanting offensive slogans, Mayor Halsema said: "What happened last night has nothing to do with protest. There is no excuse for what happened."
Additional reporting Shaina Oppenheimer in Jerusalem
（德国之声中文网）以色列球迷在阿姆斯特丹遭到袭击后，以色列总理办公室表示，已派出两架飞机营救本国公民。以色列总理内塔尼亚胡在与荷兰首相肖夫（Dick Schoof）的通话中谈到了“蓄意的反犹太主义袭击”，并呼吁加强对荷兰犹太人社区的安全措施。
阿姆斯特丹市长哈尔瑟玛 (Femke Halsema) 表示，以色列球迷“遭到围攻、虐待，还有人向他们投掷烟花”。哈尔瑟玛谴责“反犹太主义”事件。警方称，5人受伤被送往医院。共有62人被捕。
以色列驻美国大使馆：“暴徒袭击了无辜的以色列人”
以色列驻美国大使馆对外通报表示，以色列特拉维夫马卡比足球队昨天（7日）在阿姆斯特丹同荷兰阿贾克斯球队进行完一场比赛之后，数百名马卡比球队的球迷在离开球场时遭到袭击。以色列驻美国大使馆在X上将施暴者称作“袭击无辜以色列人的暴徒”。
以色列外交部建议所有身处阿姆斯特丹的同胞不要佩戴犹太或以色列标志。荷兰方面最初要求以色列球迷不要离开酒店。后来这些球迷可以乘坐公共交通工具去机场。荷兰方面表示，部署了当地的安全部队来保护这些以色列球迷。
以色列总统赫尔佐格在X上写道：“我们今天早上看到了自（2023年）10月7日以来我们希望再也不要看到的恐怖、令人震惊的图像和画面：目前在荷兰阿姆斯特丹市中心发生的针对特拉维夫马卡比球迷和以色列公民的反犹太大屠杀。”
赫尔佐格还表示，他相信荷兰当局正在采取一切必要措施保护以色列人。
被许多国家列为恐怖组织的哈马斯于去年10月7日对以色列公民进行了大屠杀。据以色列军方统计，这次大屠杀夺去了 1100多以色列人的生命。约250人在加沙地带被劫持为人质。根据哈马斯当局提供的数字，在以色列随后展开的军事行动中，巴勒斯坦领土上有43000多人丧生。
以色列外长：袭击事件“为欧洲和世界敲响了警钟”
以色列新任外长萨尔（Gideon Saar）称，在阿姆斯特丹发生的袭击事件“为欧洲和世界敲响了警钟”。他说，热爱自由的国家不能允许“肆无忌惮的仇恨”在街头蔓延。萨尔强调说，历史得出的教训是：“从对犹太人的迫害和暴力开始，也永远不会以犹太人为结尾”。他宣布，他将在短时间内前往荷兰，会见荷兰政府高级代表和犹太社区的成员。
据《以色列时报》报道，社交网络上传播的视频片段还显示，以色列人在阿姆斯特丹高呼反对阿拉伯人和巴勒斯坦人的口号，这表明在夜间袭击发生之前就存在紧张局势。
在一些视频中，一些蒙面袭击者追赶以色列球迷并殴打他们。在一些画面中，行凶者踢打已经躺在地上的人。目前尚不清楚这些视频是否真实以及在什么时间拍摄。
(德新社、法新社、路透社、美联社)
© 2024年德国之声版权声明：本文所有内容受到著作权法保护，如无德国之声特别授权，不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿，并受到刑事追究。
反美是中国社会的“良好风尚”
中国网上流传一份北京市市场监督管理局给大用国际文化发展（北京）有限公司下达的“行政处罚告知书”，每个读到这份告知书的人，都会寒毛直竖，因为文革的阴风已然吹拂着这片大地。
这份名为“京市监罚告[2024]01316号”的告知书写道：由本局立案调查的你（单位）涉嫌发布违背社会良好风尚广告一案，已调查终结。……经查，你公司于2024年4月21日通过公司微信公众号“大用国际文化”以微信推文形式发布了标题为“雄鹰之路——美国高校&艺博馆夏季研学营”的广告宣传文案，包含“作为美国的政治心脏，白宫和国会大厦是不容错过的景点……国会大厦则是美国立法机构的所在地，其宏伟的建筑和内部的精美装饰，都体现了美国民主制度的庄严与权威”等内容。……你公司发布“体现了美国民主制度的庄严与权威”等文案以推介赴美研学项目的广告宣传行为，存在导向错误，违反了《中华人民共和国广告法》第九条第七项的规定，构成发布违背社会良好风尚广告的违法行为。
“美国国会大厦体现了美国民主制度的庄严与权威”这句话，居然“违背社会良好风尚”，那么，按照中国政府的逻辑，这句话若改写为“美国国会大厦体现了美国民主制度的虚伪与丑陋”，就“符合社会良好风尚”了？原来，中国社会的良好风尚，难道是说谎、攻击、诽谤，是反美、仇美和妖魔化美国？
中国的反美宣传由来有自、源远流长。1950年10月19日，中国派兵跨过鸭绿江，参加韩战，对抗以美军为主体的联合国军。当年11月3日，《人民日报》发表《怎样认识美国》一文，第一部分标题是“仇视美国，因为它是中国人民的死敌”，第二部分的标题是“鄙视美国，因为它是腐朽的帝国主义国家，是全世界反动堕落的大本营”，第三部分的标题是“蔑视美国，因为它是纸老虎，是完全可以打败的”。于是，仇视、鄙视、蔑视美国的“三视”教育运动应运而生。
“三视”教育的目的是清除社会上存在的亲美、崇美和恐美心理。这种心理，尤其是在与美国关系较密的一些人士——如民族资本家、留美的知识分子、基督教和天主教信徒等——中间普遍存在。
天主教大学辅仁大学校长、历史学家陈垣，一向以左派自诩，这次当然要跳出来配合“三视”运动。1950年12月8日，陈垣在《人民日报》上发表了一篇题为《美国从来就是我们的敌人》的文章。文中写道：“社会上还有些人有‘崇美’、‘恐美’心理……凡是‘崇美’的，是因为没有民族的自尊心。凡是‘恐美’的，是没有民族的自信心。”尽管如此，这位曾被毛泽东称为“国宝”的学者，最终还是在文革中被迫害致死，也算是死得其所。
“三视”教育运动进行得轰轰烈烈。全国各种媒体大量刊载相关文章。一份调查统计，1950年中国出版的147种期刊中，第10期、第11期抗美援朝的宣传文字约占16％的篇幅，其中综合时事类期刊更是占了35.5％。文联动员大批作家、艺术家，运用包括电影、戏剧、曲艺、歌曲、诗歌、小说、绘画等各种艺术形势，工厂、农村、机关、街道、学校、军队则利用黑板报、墙报、宣传画、报告会、座谈会、控诉会、声讨会等方式，进行广泛、深入的“三视”宣传。
“三视”教育运动塑造了整整一代中国人对于美国的认知。至此以后，美国在大部分中国人心中的形象，由抗日战争时期的民主、文明、对中国友好的国家，变成“世界上最反动、最野蛮、最富于侵略性的帝国主义国家”和“中国人民的死敌”。
口头上反美，身体上亲美：美国夏校被华人“攻陷”的秘密
大用国际文化是一家从事游学和留学中介的公司，该公司文案只是中规中矩地介绍其商业项目，并非刻意宣扬与官方立场背道而驰的意识形态，却遭到严厉处罚。这并非孤立的个案。近期，河南、沈阳、甘肃等多地发布紧急通知，要求排查中小学生海外研学团参与情况，将对相关项目“潜藏的意识形态风险”展开全面排查，重点整顿“推崇西式政体、美化西方文明”等内容。
美国是一面镜子，一旦肯定美国的民主自由，就等于同步承认中国的专制独裁，危及中共统治的合法性。所以，妖魔化美国是中共庞大的洗脑工程中的关键环节。中共数十年如一日的洗脑宣传颇有成效，近日发生多起在中国的美国人遭受暴力攻击事件，就是这种洗脑宣传的必然结果。
然而，中国人向来是心口不一，嘴上谎话连篇，身体却很诚实。所谓“反美是工作，留美是生活”，正是“反美斗士”司马南的名言。司马南的老婆、孩子全都移民美国，财产也转移到美国，在美国买了豪宅，他的“反美”表演斩获的“狗粮”足以让他在美国过上衣食无忧的好日子。
1998年，北大中文系女生马楠，在美国总统克林顿访问北大发表演讲时，当面反驳说，“美国人权状况恶劣”。但她一毕业就选择去“人权状况恶劣”的美国留学，真有点“我不入地狱谁入地狱”的勇气，此后她还义无反顾地嫁给了美国白人男士，生下混血孩子。
2009年夏，作家张小波和宋晓军推出畅销书《中国不高兴》，掀起狂热的反美浪潮。但两人用赚到的巨款迅速办理全家移民，在美国和加拿大过起了有豪宅和豪车的奢侈生活。那些购买他们的书的底层劳动者，却只能在水深火热的中国挣扎求存。
曾以一曲《党啊亲爱的妈妈》唱红全中国的歌手殷秀梅，发了大财后，毅然移居美国并入美国藉。她会不会改唱美国国歌《星条旗飘扬》，人们不得而知。
习近平是毛泽东之后反美立场最坚定的中共党魁。但习近平早早就将女儿习明泽送到哈佛大学读书。如果他真的爱女儿，难道一点不怕宝贝女儿被美国的“资产阶级堕落文化”污染？
上行下效，既然习近平都送女儿到美国留学生，中国菁英群体和中产阶级也都将送孩子到美国留学作为荣耀。中国官媒上全是“东升西降”的文宣，却丝毫没有改变中国家长和孩子对美国名校的羡慕和爱戴。
兵马未动，粮草先行。申请美国名校“如蜀道之难难于上青天”（唯有习近平的女儿这样的尊贵身份，才可以免试入读哈佛），送孩子到美国名校的“夏校”沾沾仙气，成了中国家长必须“出血”的项目。
据中国媒体报道，来自上海某双语学校高中部的海伦，在高一升高二的暑假参加了加州大学伯克利分校的夏校。她惊讶地发现，班上二十多个人里有将近一半是国内来的孩子，课上大家心照不宣，下了课聚在一起聊天，完全可以说中文。她表示：“对我们几个中国学生来说，我明显感觉大多数夏校的课程都没有非常难，大家抱着‘文化交流’的心态，来提前体验美国文化，再争取拿封推荐信用作申请大学，我也不例外。”海伦说的“这份体验”，当然不便宜，该夏校项目的费用包含食宿是14500美元，再加上机票等，一个半月下来花费十几万元人民币。对于权贵之家，这只是小钱；但对于普通中产阶级家庭，在中国经济下行的今天，这笔钱需要省吃俭用才能积攒下来。
来自中国的孩子攻陷美国夏校“半壁江山”的情况，同时在美国多所名校发生。康奈尔大学夏校，中国孩子接近一半；耶鲁大学夏校，中国孩子接近一半；宾夕法尼亚大学夏校，中国孩子超三成；相对小众的塔夫茨大学，中国孩子超三成；巴纳德学院夏校，除了老师是美国人以外，学生清一色都是中国孩子，老师实现“反向留学”。
邓小平当年曾感慨说，凡是跟着美国走的国家都富起来了。这是邓小平说的极少数的真话。包括习近平在内的送孩子到美国留学的家长，也都认可这句真话。
（文章只代表特约评论员个人的立场和观点）
© 路透社图片
（德国之声中文网）德国选项党希望加快提前大选的速度。执政联盟破裂之后，选项党主席魏德尔（Alice Weidel） 就发出呼吁称：“联邦总理肖尔茨早已失去了德国民众的信任，他必须为提前大选铺平道路。”
作为极右翼政党，选项党呼吁肖尔茨下周就应接受不信任投票：“冤有头债有主，他必须尽快下台。”
2021年12月底，社民党、绿党和自民党组建执政联盟以来，选项党一直对红黄绿联合政府持强烈的批评态度。选项党指责执政联盟在各个领域的政策都是失败的，其中以移民和外交政策为甚。同美国候任总统特朗普一样，选项党也要求德国在遣返非法移民和保护边境问题上采取极其激进的措施。
选项党：停止向乌克兰提供武器
选项党还坚决反对向乌克兰提供武器。2024年6月，乌克兰总统泽连斯基访问德国，并在联邦议院发表演说时，选项党议会党团发起抵制行动，集体缺席。
执政联盟破裂之后，选项党要求立即叫停拟议中的对乌军火及财政援助。该党两位主席之一的克鲁帕拉（Tino Chrupalla） 表示：“我必须提出严正警告，绝不能在联邦大选的最后几个月里继续（相关的援助计划），因为这会进一步毁坏我们的财政预算。”
提前举行选举，有可能会提升选项党在联邦德国的影响力。2021年9月举行的选举中，选项党的得票率为10%。而最新的民调显示，选项党的支持率已经提升至大约17%。
选项党：大规模遣返以及关闭边境
选项党高层的最新表述显示，即将提前举行的联邦大选中，选项党仍会将庇护政策以及移民问题作为其竞选活动的主题，过去多年里，选项党一直对这一议题乐此不疲。周四举行的新闻发布会上，克鲁帕拉表示：“我们必须阻止非法移民继续进入我们的福利体制，遣返那些必须离境的犯罪分子，必须关闭边境。”
为了实现上述目标，选项党一直在游说基民盟、基社盟以及自民党等政党开展合作。选项党主席威德尔在回应执政联盟破裂时表示：“我们敦促基民盟、基社盟以及自民党，是时候承担起公民责任、并同我们进行沟通了。因为我们的背后是数以百万计的选民。”
爱丽丝·魏德尔（Alice Weidel）：选项党最著名的公众人物、该党联合主席爱丽丝·魏德尔（Alice Weidel）喜欢挑起争议。2018年，她在联邦议院的一次演讲中发表了好战言论，引起巨大争议，她当时宣称：“布卡、戴头巾的女孩、公共支持的持刀男子以及其他一无是处的人不会保障我们的繁荣、经济增长和社会状态。”
比昂·霍克（Björn Höcke）：比昂·霍克是图林根州选项党主席。2017年，他称柏林的大屠杀纪念馆称为“耻辱纪念碑”，并呼吁德国停止为纳粹历史赎罪，从而登上头条新闻。2023 年 7 月，他呼应纳粹言论，称 “欧盟必须亡，这样真正的欧洲才能活”。2019 年，德国一家法院裁定，将霍克描述为法西斯分子并不构成诽谤。
克里斯蒂安·吕特（Christian Lüth）：选项党前新闻官克里斯蒂安·吕特（Christian Lüth）在被拍到与一名右翼YouTube 视频博主交谈之前，已因过去的争议性言论面临降职。据称，吕特说：“德国的情况越糟糕，选项党的情况就越好。”他针对移民表示，“我们以后可以随时枪毙他们，或者毒死他们，这不是问题。随你们的便。这对我来说并不重要。”
冯-施托希（Beatrix von Storch）：一开始，选项党在竞选中反对欧元和救市，但很快就变成了反移民言论。选项党联邦议院党团副主席冯-施托希（Beatrix von Storch） 2016年曾说：“不在我们的边界止步的人就是攻击者。我们必须抵御攻击者，即使这意味着要向妇女和儿童开枪。”
哈拉尔德·韦尔(Harald Weyel)：选项党的丑闻并非都与种族主义有关，有时只是“原形毕露”。2022 年 9 月，选项党联邦议员哈拉尔德·韦尔(Harald Weyel)在以为麦克风关着的时候说，希望德国将遭遇一个能源价格高企的“危急的冬天”，否则“一切都将一如既往”。
马库斯·普雷泽尔（Marcus Pretzell）：北威州选项党前主席、德国选项党前领导人弗劳克·佩特里（Frauke Petry）的丈夫普雷策尔（Marcus Pretzell）在 2016 年 12 月柏林圣诞市场发生致命袭击后写道：“这些都是默克尔（造成）的死者。”
安德烈·波根堡（Andre Poggenburg）：德国东部萨克森-安哈尔特州的选项党前领导人安德烈·波根堡（Andre Poggenburg）也曾因极端言论而引发关注。2017 年 2 月，他敦促州议会中的其他议员联合采取措施打击极左翼，以便“一劳永逸地摆脱德国种族主体上的这种等级增长”，“德国种族主体”这一措辞显然源自纳粹术语。
亚历山大·高兰德（Alexander Gauland）：前选项党议会党团主席高兰德（Alexander Gauland）因2018年6月在选项党青年团发表的一次演讲而受到严厉批评。他说，德国拥有“光荣的历史，而且这段历史比那该死的12年长得多。希特勒和纳粹只是德国1000多年成功历史中的一粒鸟屎”。“推翻防火墙”
选项党尤其在不断向基民盟基社盟施压，要求他们放弃绝不同选项党合作的固执立场。克鲁帕拉表示，排挤选项党的做法应该告一段落了：“是时候推翻防火墙了，因为德国民众的期许是，解决问题、走出危机。”
不过，选项党同联盟党组建执政联盟的可能性仍微乎其微。因为从上一届联邦大选至今，选项党已经变得越来越激进。基于该党的极右倾向，联邦宪法保护局一直在对其进行密切观察。
此外，绿党因提倡开放式社会模式，一直被选项党视为头号敌人。不过，过去一段时间以来，基民盟基社盟的保守立场也遭致选项党的强力抨击。去年的欧洲议会大选中，选项党候选人克拉（ Maximilian Krah）就曾宣布，基民盟是选项党的主要敌人，并发出了“摧毁”基民盟的呼吁。除此之外，选项党高层党魁中拒绝同基民盟开展任何形式合作的，也大有人在。他们抨击基民盟已经演变成了“高高在上的精英政党”。
也正是基于选项党日趋激进化等诸多原因，基民盟主席梅茨今年八月接受“编辑部网络”采访时表示：“我们绝不能同这个政党开展合作，因为这会扼杀基民盟。”
同极右势力之间存在千丝万缕的联系
即将举行的联邦大选中，同选项党相关的一系列丑闻究竟会产生怎样的影响，目前尚无法定论。上周，选项党的三名党员被捕，因为他们涉嫌向一个极右恐怖主义团伙提供支持。选项党表示，以上三人将被开除出党。
种种迹象显示，选项党党员同新纳粹以及极右势力相互勾结的情况已经变得相当普遍。巴伐利亚州议会一名选项党议员也因煽动煽动民族仇恨的极右言行正在接受司法调查。而一名选项党联邦议员则因涉嫌策划政变被拘留审查。
由于选项党变得日益激进，由各政党议员组成的一个跨党派小组目前准备提交禁止选项党的提案。这项提案获得议院必要多数的支持情况下，最终仍需联邦宪法法院做出最终裁决。
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