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阿萨德政权倒台,中东的军事态势如何变化?丨军事

(本文首发于南方人物周刊)

南方人物周刊特约撰稿 朱江明

责任编辑:李屾淼

2024年12月16日,叙利亚赫梅米姆,一辆俄罗斯装甲车驶过守卫拉卡提亚机场的叙利亚士兵,前往目前由俄罗斯运营的赫梅米姆空军基地(视觉中国/图)

近日,随着大马士革易主,叙利亚前总统巴沙尔·阿萨德及其家人出走莫斯科寻求政治庇护,叙利亚的政权更替已成定数。由于叙利亚位于中东中心,地理位置极为重要,阿萨德政权倒台前,包括俄罗斯、土耳其、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯和美国在内的国家,都介入了这场长达14年的内战。叙利亚突然易主对该地区的军事版图将产生何种影响?

阿萨德政权倒台后,首当其冲的问题是驻扎在叙利亚的俄罗斯军队何去何从。自大马士革政权易手后,俄罗斯就表示其在叙利亚的军事基地已进入“高度戒备”状态,随后对外放风称,针对这些基地

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

Denmark boosts Greenland defence after Trump repeats desire for US control

Reuters A tent with a bright light above it during twilight at the camp of the exploration site of the company Greenland Anorthosite Mining close to the Qeqertarsuatsiaat fjord, GreenlandReuters
Greenland has major mineral and oil reserves

The Danish government has announced a huge boost in defence spending for Greenland, hours after US President-elect Donald Trump repeated his desire to purchase the Arctic territory.

Danish Defence Minister Troels Lund Poulsen said the package was a "double digit billion amount" in krone, or at least $1.5bn (£1.2bn).

He described the timing of the announcement as an "irony of fate". On Monday Trump said ownership and control of the huge island was an "absolute necessity" for the US.

Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory, is home to a large US space facility and is strategically important for the US, lying on its shortest route to Europe. It has major mineral and oil reserves.

Poulsen said the package would allow for the purchase of two new inspection ships, two new long-range drones and two extra dog sled teams.

It would also include funding for increased staffing at Arctic Command in the capital Nuuk and an upgrade for one of Greenland's three main civilian airports to handle F-35 supersonic fighter aircraft.

"We have not invested enough in the Arctic for many years, now we are planning a stronger presence," he said.

The defence minister did not give an exact figure for the package, but Danish media estimated it would be around 12-15bn krone.

The announcement came a day after Trump said on his social media platform Truth Social: "For purposes of National Security and Freedom throughout the World, the United States of America feels that the ownership and control of Greenland is an absolute necessity."

Greenland's Prime Minister Mute Egede responded to Trump's comments, saying "we are not for sale".

But he added that Greenlanders should continue to be open for cooperation and trade, especially with their neighbours.

Map showing the US, Canada and Greenland

Analysts say that the plan has been under discussion for a long time and should not be seen as a direct response to Trump's comments.

Until now Denmark has been very slow to expand its military capacity in Greenland, they say, but if the country is not able to protect waters around the territory against encroachments by China and Russia then US demands for greater control are likely to grow.

Army Maj Steen Kjaergaard of the Danish Defence Academy suggests it may have been Trump's intention to pressure Denmark into such a move.

"It is likely to be sparked by the renewed Trump focus on the need for air and maritime control around Greenland and the internal developments in Greenland where some are voicing a will to look towards the US – a new international airport in Nuuk was just inaugurated," he told the BBC.

"I think Trump is smart… he gets Denmark to prioritise its Arctic military capabilities by raising this voice, without having to take over a very un-American welfare system," he said, referring to Greenland's heavy dependence on subsidies from Copenhagen.

Trump's original suggestion in 2019 that the US acquire Greenland, which is the world's largest island, led to a similarly sharp rebuke from leaders there.

At the time Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederickson described the idea as "absurd", leading Trump to cancel a state trip to the country.

He is not the first US president to suggest buying Greenland. The idea was first mooted during the 1860s under the presidency of Andrew Johnson.

American Airlines resumes flights after technical issue

EPA An American Airlines Boeing 737-823 airborne as it departs from Boston Logan International Airport in East Boston, MassachusettsEPA

American Airlines has resumed flights after suspending its services for around an hour on Tuesday due to a technical issue that impacted the systems needed to release its planes.

The nationwide halt was cancelled just before 13:00 GMT, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

The disruption came during one of the busiest travel days of the year as passengers made journeys on Christmas Eve.

In a statement, the airline said a "vendor technology issue" had caused the issue and it was "all hands on deck" to minimise further disruption.

"We sincerely apologise to our customers for the inconvenience this morning," the airline said.

"It's all hands on deck as our team is working diligently to get customers where they need to go as quickly as possible."

Flights are still showing delays as the airline recovers from the nationwide issue, but real-time tracking website Flightradar24 shows planes taking off again at a number of major US travel hubs.

Passengers reported on social media being stuck on the tarmac or at gates as flights were impacted by the outage for around an hour.

In a video posted on X by a CBS reporter in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a gate agent announced a flight to Philadelphia was going to start boarding.

"The system is slowly coming back," the agent announced from a gate.

In July, American Airlines, among other major operators, grounded flights across the US due to communication issues caused by a global IT crash.

That failure - which also affected banks and emergency services - was caused by a faulty software update from cybersecurity firm Crowdstrike.

Ex-Abercrombie & Fitch CEO has dementia, lawyers say

Getty Images Mike JeffriesGetty Images
Mike Jeffries was arrested earlier this year, along with his partner and their middleman, on sex trafficking charges

The former CEO of Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F) has dementia and late onset Alzheimer's disease, his legal team has said in a court document filed in New York.

Lawyers for Mike Jeffries have requested a hearing to determine whether he is mentally fit to stand trial on federal sex trafficking charges.

The 80-year-old was arrested alongside his partner in October and charged with running an international sex trafficking and prostitution business. Both men have pleaded not guilty.

A so-called competency hearing has been scheduled for June next year.

Mr Jeffries, who ran US clothing brand A&F for two decades, is accused of running a sex trafficking and prostitution business from at least 2008-15.

US prosecutors allege that he used his wealth, power and status "to traffic men for his own sexual pleasure", and for the pleasure of his British partner Matthew Smith, 61.

They said the couple, alongside a middleman James Jacobson, 71, used force, fraud and coercion to make vulnerable, aspiring models engage in violent and exploitative sex acts.

All three men have pleaded not guilty to the charges and been released on bond.

The FBI began investigating last year after the BBC revealed claims Mr Jeffries and Mr Smith had sexually exploited men at events they hosted around the world.

The BBC investigation, published in October 2023, found the pair were at the centre of a sophisticated operation involving a middleman scouting young men for sex.

In the same month, Brian Bieber, Mr Jeffries' lawyer, said his client was examined several times by a neuropsychologist who later concluded diagnostic impressions that he was suffering from two types of dementia and probable late onset Alzheimer's disease.

In the court filing, Mr Bieber added that during an initial meeting last year the former fashion boss "did not even come close to resembling a master's degree-educated individual, who was just nine years earlier the chief executive officer of a publicly traded company".

As a result, Mr Bieber questioned the ability of Mr Jeffries to "rationally assist" with the possible factual and legal defences to the allegations he was facing, according to the document.

The filing comes after Mr Jeffries' legal team sought a competency hearing, which will now be held over two days on 16 and 17 June 2025.

Federal prosecutors in the Eastern District of New York declined to comment.

Mr Jeffries stepped down as CEO and chairman of A&F in 2014, and left with a $25m (£19.9m) retirement package.

Alongside the criminal case, A&F, Mr Jeffries and his partner have been defending a civil lawsuit accusing the retailer of having funded a sex trafficking operation.

Earlier this month, Mr Jeffries sued A&F after it refused to pay his criminal defence costs, arguing the brand had agreed to indemnify him for all claims arising out of his position.

Four jailed for Amsterdam violence against football fans

VLN NIEWS/ANP/AFP Police in riot gear guard a Dutch bus in AmsterdamVLN NIEWS/ANP/AFP
Dutch authorities spoke of "hit-and-run" attacks across the centre of Amsterdam early last month

Four rioters have been given short jail terms for violence against football fans visiting Amsterdam for a Europa League match between Ajax and Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv.

Sefa Ö, 32, was handed the longest sentence of six months in jail by Amsterdam district court, while another man was given 10 weeks and two others a month's detention each. A fifth defendant was given a community service order under the Netherlands' juvenile law.

The judge said a prison sentence for the four was appropriate given the seriousness of the actions and the context in which they took place.

The riots broke out in several areas of the Dutch capital in early November and led to international condemnation.

The five defendants sentenced on Tuesday were the first to be tried for hit-and-run attacks that erupted in the early hours of 8 November, after incidents that took place over two days.

The court said that there was a lot of video evidence showing Maccabi fans facing extreme violence, and also pointed to footage of supporters pulling down Palestinian flags as well as chanting slogans against Arabs. Taxis were also vandalised by the fans.

The court chairman added that there had already been unrest in the Netherlands because of the war in Gaza.

While the court took "the context" of the events into account, it said there had been "no justification for calling for and using physical violence against Israeli supporters".

Sefa Ö was found to have given a karate-type kick to one victim, causing him to fall against a moving tram, as well as taking part in several other attacks.

The trial saw video footage appeared to show him kicking and hitting victims on Dam Square, Damrak and Zoutsteeg, and prosecutors said he had played a leading role in violence that had nothing to do with football.

Rachid O, 26, who was given 10 weeks in jail, was found to have taken part in a WhatsApp chat group called Buurthuis2, on which he referred to intended victims as "cowardly" Jews who he would never again get the chance to attack.

More than 900 people were in the group and thee court said the chat had been used to pass on information to "commit violence against people of Jewish descent and/or supporters of Maccabi Tel Aviv".

Umutcan A, 24, was also found to have kicked one of the victims several times while taking part in an attack with other men and then kicked another fan on the ground. CCTV footage had shown him attacking several Maccabi fans, as well as grabbing one fan by the throat and seizing his football scarf.

He had written in messaging groups about a "Jew hunt" but told the trial he did not harbour hatred towards Jews.

Karanveer S, 26, had already been convicted of assault in 2022 and the court noted that did not deter him from taking part in last month's attacks.

The youngest of the five, Lucas D, 19, was found to have used violence against a police officer and taken part in a separate Snapchat group calling for violence against Maccabi Tel Aviv fans.

The five all have two weeks in which to appeal.

The court said he had an illegal, high-explosive "cobra" firework in his possession at the time of his arrest. Prosecutors had called for Lucas D to be given a jail term.

Chief prosecutor René de Beukelaer had earlier rejected suggestions that the attacks had amounted to terrorism, because he said it was not the aim of the group to instill fear in the people they were targeting.

However, he did say there were instances of antisemitism exchanged on a messaging group.

"I can well understand that the Jewish community in Amsterdam was left afraid because of this violence, but that's different from saying that was the goal of the suspects," he told Amsterdam's AT5 TV channel earlier this month.

Mozambique's opposition leader vows to install himself as president

Reuters Venâncio Mondlane, with his right hand raised, speaks during a media interview in Maputo, Mozambique, on 11 October 2024Reuters
Venâncio Mondlane has urged his supporters to protest peacefully

Mozambique's main opposition leader, Venâncio Mondlane, has declared that he will install himself as president on 15 January after rejecting his defeat in presidential elections.

His announcement came as his supporters staged violent protests across the country to demand an end to the 49-year-rule of the Frelimo party.

The capital Maputo was like a ghost town on Christmas Eve, with almost all businesses shut and people staying at home to avoid being caught up in the worst unrest in the city since Frelimo rose to power at independence in 1975.

Frelimo's offices, police stations, banks and factories have been looted, vandalised and set ablaze around the country.

The latest unrest began on Monday after Mozambique's highest court upheld the victory of Frelimo's presidential candidate, Daniel Chapo, in elections held in October.

Mondlane had challenged the result, alleging that the poll was rigged.

In a Facebook live broadcast to his supporters on Tuesday, Mondlane said he rejected the ruling of the constitutional court, adding that he would assume the office of president on 15 January - the day that Chapo is due to be sworn in.

President Filipe Nyusi is due to step down at the end of his two terms.

It is unclear how Mondlane intends to take office, as he is currently in self-imposed exile in an unknown country.

He has frequently rallied his supporters via speeches on Facebook live, but has urged them to remain peaceful.

"We are with the people. We do not advocate any form of violence," Mondlane said in his latest address.

Chapo has not yet commented on his declaration.

October's election was the first time both of them had run for the presidency, with the electoral commission declaring Chapo the winner with 71% of the vote to Mondlane's 20%.

The constitutional court revised the result, giving the Frelimo candidate 65% and Mondlane 24%.

Rights groups say that more than 100 people have been killed in unrest since the elections.

They accuse the security forces of being responsible for many of the killings, but police commander Bernadino Rafael had previously told the BBC that his officers had been defending themselves after coming under attack.

Mondlane fled Mozambique after accusing police of threatening behaviour, and two of his aides were shot dead in October.

The 50-year-old evangelical pastor contested the election as an independent after breaking away from the main opposition Renamo party.

His support is strongest among young people, many of whom are unemployed and demanding change.

Frelimo fielded the 47-year-old Chapo as its youngest ever presidential candidate.

He has previously rejected suggestions that he and Frelimo rigged the poll, saying: "We are an organised party that prepares its victories."

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悬红通缉、撤销护照 港府平安夜“突击”海外港人

港府圣诞前夕再大举针对海外港人,港警周二(24日)悬红百万港元通缉六名被指涉嫌违反《港区国安法》的海外港人,使悬红通缉名单增加到十九人。港府同一天还第二次引用《基本法》“二十三条”赋予的权力,撤销七名早前被通缉者的香港特区护照,并禁止向他们提供资金等。

最新被加入通缉名单的,包括刘珈汶、钟翰林、钟剑华、何良懋、郑敬基,以及张晞晴六人。当中何良懋和香港艺人郑敬基为现居加拿大的加拿大公民,其余四人现居英国。

港警批被通缉者“卖国卖港”

港警各悬红一百万港元通缉六人,呼吁市民提供消息,又呼吁被通缉者尽快回港,不应逃避刑责。香港警务处副处长简启恩直斥他们卖国、卖港:“他们的共通点是出卖自己国家及香港,妄顾香港人利益,窜逃到海外后,继续做危害国家安全,损害香港整体利益的事情。”

港警指何良懋联同他人筹组“香港议会”发动“公投”,以图实施“自决”,涉违《国安法》的“颠覆国家政权罪”;而其余5人均被指曾请求外国制裁中港,部分人被指曾鼓吹把香港从中国分离出去,涉违《国安法》的“煽动分裂国家罪”及“勾结外国或者境外势力危害国家安全罪”。

港警去年七月及十二月悬红百万通缉共十三名海外港人,加上最新的第3批,现时悬红通缉名单共有十九人,散居英、美、澳、加等国。

刘珈汶:不因一纸通缉令退缩

最新入榜的“香港民主委员会”(HKDC) 国际倡议与项目高级干事刘珈汶,曾于2021年12月被香港廉政公署以“呼吁港人杯葛选举”为由通缉。身在英国的她凌晨时分得知自己再被通缉后,平静地向本台表示不感意外:“由我在香港有幸被选为区议员开始,我一直都觉得为香港的民主自由贡献是我认为对的事,所以政权对我的指控下,我仍然觉得我是在做对的事,我也不觉得自己有做错任何事。2019年反送中运动的时候,其实大家都没有惧怕任何催泪弹甚至子弹,也没有惧怕警察暴力的镇压;所以今天的我,也不会因一纸通缉令和一百万的悬红而退缩。”

香港当局对刘珈汶的通缉令
香港当局对刘珈汶的通缉令
(X截图/刘珈汶)

十九名被悬红通缉者中有十人现居英国。刘珈汶向英国工党政府提出多项诉求,包括重整打击跨国镇压的政策、审视香港驻伦敦经贸办的地位、阻止中国在伦敦兴建新的“超级大使馆”及制裁人权侵害者。

她表示,随着“二十三条”(《维护国家安全条例》)立法及连串通缉行动,不少港人或感担忧,但她呼吁海外港人及仍在努力奋斗的在地港人,应思考如何回应政府的打压,并寄语“即使最后只剩我们,但仍会有人在你身旁并肩作战,希望大家不要放弃”。

“香港独立倡议委员会”创办人之一钟翰林,去年流亡英国后已被香港惩教署以“违反监管令”为由,转交执法部门通缉。他接受本台访问时,同样表示“二度通缉”对他毫无意义:“我在香港有三个银行户口,但里面已无任何资金。至于在未来层面,我会继续做我该做的事,在过去一年我也一直提防会否有跨境镇压的问题出现在自己身上,未来也会用一贯心态去面对这次的悬红通缉。”

十九岁女生“分裂国家”?

至于通缉名单上最年轻、年仅十九岁的“香港自由委员会基金会”(CFHK)传讯与传媒助理张晞晴,就在社交平台打趣道,港府记者会仍在用她11岁申请儿童身份证的照片,质疑“究竟一个政权要多脆弱、多无能、多怯懦,才会认为我这个19岁、普通的香港人,可以‘危害‘和’分裂‘国家?”

她说,自己到英国就是想逃离这个政权,却被推成跨境打压又一例子,并形容被悬红通缉是一份沉重的“荣誉”,承诺会无畏无惧,继续坚持做自己认为正确的事,变得“更勇敢和强大”。

温和学者被通缉:我何时鼓吹过港独?

而名单上最让人不解的,是现时主力评论时政的前香港理工大学助理教授钟剑华。港警指他在社交平台有“煽动分裂国家”的留言,又联署呼吁制裁香港检控官和法官,并透过不同平台鼓吹“港独”、要求取消香港经贸办特权等。

钟剑华在社交平台上表示,自己得知消息后即时大笑,又自嘲其信念及言论都属“大中华胶”(大中华主义拥护者),甚至因而被批评,反问“我何时鼓吹过港独?”他也如常向海内外友人发送圣诞祝贺,呼吁大家“常存盼望”,并表示“愿得大家支持理解,继续一个坦坦荡荡的正常人”。

七人被撤护照 任建峰:从无香港特区护照如何被撤?

而港府同日又刊登宪报,宣布把去年已被悬红通缉的郭凤仪、许智峰、邵岚、许颖婷、郭荣铿、袁弓夷及任建峰七人列为危害国安的“潜逃者”,并第二次行使“23条”赋予的权力,对他们采取多项行动,包括撤销香港特区护照、撤销专业资格、禁止任何人直接或间接向他们提供或处理资金等。

港府今年六月曾采取同样行动,撤销6名在英被通缉港人的香港特区护照。两次行动的多名当事人都表示,这些措施对他们的实际影响不大。身在澳大利亚的前“法政汇思”召集人任建峰表示自己没有香港特区护照,也从未申请,反问“不知怎样撤销从来不存在的东西?”

前香港立法会议员许智峰也形容被取消香港特区护照是“笑话一则”,不影响他在澳大利亚的生活,出入境则可用英国国民(海外)护照(BNO)。他指港府举动反让民主国家更有理由向港人批出政治庇护或难民身份,并在国际上确认港府侵犯人权的事实。

郭凤仪:望港人一笑置之 和我们一起走民主之路

不过对于正在美国申请政治庇护、一直以香港特区护照出行的“香港民主委员会”执行总监郭凤仪而言,被撤护照意味她现在成为一个无国籍的人,也无法离开美国。不过她更希望港人看到这些“杀鸡儆猴”的新闻后,和她们一样一笑置之、摆脱恐惧,反而更应专注思考香港人的未来,和她们一起继续走民主自由的道路。

郭凤仪说:“我们这些人其实都是香港政府想放出来的一些展示品,就是让香港群众看到,如果你搞政治活动、如果你谈政治,你也会沦落到这样的地步。这些悬红通缉有效与否其实不是取决于我们,而是取决于香港人怎样回应这种香港政府尝试制造出来的恐惧。”

她认为,港府既想打压海外倡议者,但又怕被外国反制,所以特意选在圣诞前夕、国际社会特别是美国国会休假时,公布一系列行动。不过她强调港府低估了海外倡议者和盟友之间的关系,相信各国政府会挺身支持她们。

港府行动或为海外倡议提供弹药

郭凤仪补充,在美港人的“延迟强制离境”(DED)待遇将于明年到期,而早前美国众议院通过的《香港经贸办认证法案》,已赶不及在现届国会完成参议院程序,要在新一届国会重新走一遍立法程序。不过她认为新一波悬红通缉令可以增加外界对香港的注意力,也加大她们的倡议力度;而明年在英国开审的香港经贸办“间谍案”也可提供更多资料,协助她们在美推动经贸办相关法案。

多个海外人权组织,包括香港监察、人权观察及香港人权资讯中心等,都分别发声明谴责港府,中国外交部则支持港府依法履职。

责编:嘉远 网编:洪伟

© 香港电台YT频道截图/RFA制图

图为香港保安局记者会。图右上方为六名最新被香港当局通缉的人士。

菲律宾购置导弹系统 呼吁中国停止“武力威胁”

菲律宾日前宣布购买美国“堤丰”中程导弹系统,以保护其海上利益后,引发中国强烈反对。12月24日,菲律宾国防部长特奥多罗做出回应,要求北京停止“武力威胁”和“干涉内政”。

据法新社报道,特奥多罗在声明中表示,“任何与菲律宾安全和国防有关的资产部署和采购都属于其主权特权,不受任何外国否决。”今年,美国在菲律宾北部部署“堤丰”中程导弹系统,进行年度联合军事演习,并决定将其长期驻扎。

近几个月来,中国与菲律宾在南海争议水域的对抗不断升级。北京声称几乎拥有整个南海,但国际裁决认为这一主张没有法律依据。

责编:何平 网编:何足

© 路透社图片

2017年5月30日,美国弹道导弹防御系统的陆基中段防御 (GMD) 元件在美国加州范登堡空军基地进行的一次飞行测试中发射。

“奴隶般条件”下工作 巴西叫停比亚迪在建工厂

12月23日,巴西地方检察官表示,中国电动车制造商比亚迪位于巴伊亚州(Bahia)的工厂有163名中国人在“奴隶般的条件下”工作。

据路透社报道,这些建筑工人的工时极长,超过巴西法律的规定,他们有时一周工作7天,该工厂并且存在其他违反劳动法的行为。巴西劳工检查员杜劳还表示,这些中国工人需申请批准才能离开住所,且至少有107人的护照被扣留。

据比亚迪公司的声明,该企业已和雇佣工人的公司断绝关系,并与巴西当局合作为工人提供援助。

综合媒体报道,这家公司为Jinjiang Construction Brazil。他们提供的床没有床垫,且31人共用一间浴室。工人们工作的场址是比亚迪计划在亚洲以外设立的第一家电动汽车工厂,该厂原定于2025年3月投入运营,现因劳工问题被巴西政府暂时叫停。

责编:何平 网编:何足

© 路透社

图为比亚迪汽车公司正在巴西卡马萨里兴建当中的电动车厂建筑工地。中国电动车制造商比亚迪位于巴伊亚州(Bahia)的工厂有163名中国人在“奴隶般的条件下”工作。

事实查核|金正恩为援俄总指挥金英福上将举行国葬的影像曝光?

查核结果:错误

一分钟完读:

近日社媒流传一则视频,发文者宣称是朝鲜援俄总指挥金英福上将阵亡,尸体回归朝鲜,由最高领导人金正恩主持国葬。台湾网路媒体“Newtalk新闻”引用网民发文,发布了相关报道。但经查,网传视频是2015年朝鲜为人民军元帅李乙雪举行国葬,部分媒体与网民挪用过往事件画面,传播了错误信息。

深度分析:

X“蓝勾勾”用户(1,2)近日发布一则约30秒的短视频(或截图),视频上的文字写着“朝鲜侵乌援俄总指挥金英福上将尸体被运回朝鲜,天蓬大元帅为金英福将军举行国葬”。画面左上角显示这段视频出自抖音号“凛冬将至”,也有其它抖音用户转传则段视频。“天蓬大元帅”是对金正恩的鄙视称呼。

台湾网路媒体“Newtalk新闻”在12月23日发布“北韩上将国葬影片曝光?传援俄总指挥金英福阵亡 金正恩亲自送行”的报道,内文引用X帐号“德润传媒”分享的相关影片,影片中金正恩与身边的官员,一同对运送金英福尸体的车队鞠躬。这则报道附上网传的30秒短视频,出处同样是抖音号“凛冬将至”。“Yahoo!新闻”“LINE TODAY”转载了“Newtalk新闻”的报道。

近日台湾网路媒体与社媒用户发布视频,称是朝鲜为援俄总指挥金英福上将举行国葬的影像曝光。
近日台湾网路媒体与社媒用户发布视频,称是朝鲜为援俄总指挥金英福上将举行国葬的影像曝光。
(图取自X、Newtalk新闻)

亚洲事实查核实验室(Asia Fact Check Lab)以图反搜,在一则YouTube视频找到与网传视频相符的画面(3分36秒处至4分6秒处)。这则视频的发布时间为2020年6月,视频说明为“2015年11月7日,朝鲜第一代革命元老、朝鲜人民军元帅李乙雪因病逝世,享年94岁。朝鲜决定为李乙雪举行国葬,朝鲜国防委员会第一委员长金正恩全权指挥了葬礼的举办”。

进一步以上述说明查询,在中国央视网《今日亚洲》栏目2015年11月12日的新闻片段找到相符画面,另在《韩国时报》找到相似情境的照片,根据这两家媒体的报道,画面是朝鲜为人民军元帅李乙雪举行国葬。

根据网上影像证据与发布日期等相关说明,网传视频中的事件发生在2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前,部分媒体与网民挪用过往事件画面,传播错误信息。

网传朝鲜援俄总指挥金英福国葬画面,与2015年朝鲜为人民军元帅李乙雪举行国葬的影像相符。
网传朝鲜援俄总指挥金英福国葬画面,与2015年朝鲜为人民军元帅李乙雪举行国葬的影像相符。
(图取自YouTube、央视网)

根据朝鲜日报中文版2024年10月的报道,金正恩的军方亲信、朝鲜人民军总参谋副总参谋长金英福以派兵俄罗斯的朝鲜军总负责人的身分进入俄罗斯。此后,在部分华文网站与社媒上,不时传出金英福阵亡的消息,但目前未有官方消息。金英福的动向并非本文查核范围。

亚洲事实查核实验室(Asia Fact Check Lab)针对当今复杂媒体环境以及新兴传播生态而成立。我们本于新闻专业主义,提供专业查核报告及与信息环境相关的传播观察、深度报导,帮助读者对公共议题获得多元而全面的认识。读者若对任何媒体及社交平台传播的信息有疑问,欢迎以电邮afcl@rfa.org寄给亚洲事实查核实验室,由我们为您查证核实。

亚洲事实查核实验室在X、脸书、IG开张了,欢迎读者追踪、分享、转发。X这边请进:中文@asiafactcheckcn;英文:@AFCL_eng、FB在这里、IG也别忘了。

© AFCL

制图:亚洲事实查核实验室

What Hun Manet Is Like as Cambodia’s New Leader

Hun Manet, who took over as prime minister last year, has followed in the steps of his father, who ran Cambodia for nearly 40 years.

© Pool photo by Yasuyoshi Chiba

Hun Manet, center, the Cambodian prime minister, studied in the United States and Britain. Any hopes that civil liberties would improve under his rule have been dashed.

American Airlines Briefly Grounds U.S. Flights on Christmas Eve Over Technical Issue

Flights were grounded for about an hour on Christmas Eve, one of the busiest travel days of the year, before the airline restored its systems. But heavy delays are expected.

© Dakota Santiago for The New York Times

The Federal Aviation Administration said just before 8 a.m. E.T. that American Airlines was resuming flights after suspending them for about an hour.

Protests in Syria over Christmas tree burning

AFP Two men lead a crowd of people through a narrow street, one holding the Syrian rebel flag and another a large wooden cross.AFP
Protesters march down a street in Damascus

Protests have broken out in Syria over the burning of a Christmas tree near the city of Hama.

A video posted on social media showed masked gunmen setting fire to the tree on display in the main square of the Suqaylabiyah, a Christian-majority town in central Syria.

The main Islamist faction which led the uprising that toppled President Bashar al-Assad said the men responsible for the arson were foreign fighters and had been detained and that the tree would be swiftly repaired.

Thousands of demonstrators took to the streets across the country, demanding the new Islamist rulers protect religious minorities.

In the Bab Touma neighbourhood of Damascus, protesters carried a cross and Syrian flags, chanting "we will sacrifice our souls for our cross".

"If we're not allowed to live our Christian faith in our country, as we used to, then we don't belong here anymore," a demonstrator named Georges told AFP news agency.

Syria is home to many ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shia and Arab Sunnis, the last of whom make up a majority of the Muslim population.

Just over two weeks ago, Bashar al-Assad's presidency fell to rebel forces, ending the Assad family's more than 50-year-rule.

How the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) group will govern Syria remains to be seen. The group has a jihadist past, which it has distanced itself from, and an Islamist present.

As fighters marched to Damascus earlier this month, its leaders spoke about building a Syria for all Syrians.

Representatives have also said that the rights and freedoms of religious and ethnic minorities would be protected.

HTS remains designated as a terrorist organisation by the UN, US, EU and UK, though there are signs that a diplomatic shift may be underway.

On Friday, the US has scrapped a $10m (£7.9m) bounty on the head of HTS leader Ahmed al-Sharaa, following meetings between senior diplomats and representatives from the group.

The US is continuing its military presence in Syria - it said it conducted airstrike in the northern city of Deir Ezzor that killed two ISIS operatives.

The presence of foreign fighters, Islamic extremists like ISIS or even regime supporters who have interest in causing insecurity and attacking minorities to shake the country's stability are the big challenge that the new Islamic leadership will face.

American Airlines resumes flights after technical issue

EPA An American Airlines Boeing 737-823 airborne as it departs from Boston Logan International Airport in East Boston, MassachusettsEPA

American Airlines has resumed flights after suspending its services for around an hour on Tuesday due to a technical issue that impacted the systems needed to release its planes.

The nationwide halt was cancelled just before 13:00 GMT, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

The disruption came during one of the busiest travel days of the year as passengers made journeys on Christmas Eve.

In a statement, the airline said a "vendor technology issue" had caused the issue and it was "all hands on deck" to minimise further disruption.

"We sincerely apologise to our customers for the inconvenience this morning," the airline said.

"It's all hands on deck as our team is working diligently to get customers where they need to go as quickly as possible."

Flights are still showing delays as the airline recovers from the nationwide issue, but real-time tracking website Flightradar24 shows planes taking off again at a number of major US travel hubs.

Passengers reported on social media being stuck on the tarmac or at gates as flights were impacted by the outage for around an hour.

In a video posted on X by a CBS reporter in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, a gate agent announced a flight to Philadelphia was going to start boarding.

"The system is slowly coming back," the agent announced from a gate.

In July, American Airlines, among other major operators, grounded flights across the US due to communication issues caused by a global IT crash.

That failure - which also affected banks and emergency services - was caused by a faulty software update from cybersecurity firm Crowdstrike.

Protests in Syria over Christmas tree burning

AFP Two men lead a crowd of people through a narrow street, one holding the Syrian rebel flag and another a large wooden cross.AFP
Protesters march down a street in Damascus

Protests have broken out in Syria over the burning of a Christmas tree near the city of Hama.

A video posted on social media showed masked gunmen setting fire to the tree on display in the main square of the Suqaylabiyah, a Christian-majority town in central Syria.

The main Islamist faction which led the uprising that toppled President Bashar al-Assad said the men responsible for the arson were foreign fighters and had been detained and that the tree would be swiftly repaired.

Thousands of demonstrators took to the streets across the country, demanding the new Islamist rulers protect religious minorities.

In the Bab Touma neighbourhood of Damascus, protesters carried a cross and Syrian flags, chanting "we will sacrifice our souls for our cross".

"If we're not allowed to live our Christian faith in our country, as we used to, then we don't belong here anymore," a demonstrator named Georges told AFP news agency.

Syria is home to many ethnic and religious groups, including Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Christians, Druze, Alawite Shia and Arab Sunnis, the last of whom make up a majority of the Muslim population.

Just over two weeks ago, Bashar al-Assad's presidency fell to rebel forces, ending the Assad family's more than 50-year-rule.

How the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) group will govern Syria remains to be seen. The group has a jihadist past, which it has distanced itself from, and an Islamist present.

As fighters marched to Damascus earlier this month, its leaders spoke about building a Syria for all Syrians.

Representatives have also said that the rights and freedoms of religious and ethnic minorities would be protected.

HTS remains designated as a terrorist organisation by the UN, US, EU and UK, though there are signs that a diplomatic shift may be underway.

On Friday, the US has scrapped a $10m (£7.9m) bounty on the head of HTS leader Ahmed al-Sharaa, following meetings between senior diplomats and representatives from the group.

The US is continuing its military presence in Syria - it said it conducted airstrike in the northern city of Deir Ezzor that killed two ISIS operatives.

The presence of foreign fighters, Islamic extremists like ISIS or even regime supporters who have interest in causing insecurity and attacking minorities to shake the country's stability are the big challenge that the new Islamic leadership will face.

Morrisons Christmas delays extend to second day

Getty Images The exterior sign of a Morrisons supermarket, white text with a yellow corn logo, on brick wallGetty Images

Some Morrisons customers have still not had their Christmas orders after the supermarket experienced what it called "systems issues" on Monday.

One customer told the BBC she was waiting for about £200 worth of groceries, another said he was struggling to get answers from the firm.

It follows chaotic scenes at what is the UK's fifth biggest supermarket on 23 December - the biggest grocery shopping day of the year - which saw deliveries cancelled and promotional discounts not applied.

Morrisons has apologised and insisted deliveries are back to normal but it has yet to reveal the cause of the problems despite repeated requests from the BBC.

'In limbo'

One Morrisons customer in Worcestershire, who did not want to be named, pays for a delivery pass which gives her priority access to busy slots such as at Christmas.

An hour before her delivery slot on Monday evening, she received a text message saying the delivery had been delayed.

On Tuesday morning, she still had not heard anything from Morrisons and had not got the delivery.

"I have no idea if my order is coming or not," she tells BBC News. "So I'm kind of at a real loss."

The customer had an order worth about £200, and had saved vouchers over the year to take it down to £100.

She says the lack of communication has left her "in limbo."

"I could go [out] today and spend £200 and then come home and Morrison's turn up with £200-worth of shopping," she adds.

"The complete lack of communication is the biggest thing, because you can't form a plan B, and you can't plan when it's Christmas Eve."

Problems started early on Monday morning, when customers who had ordered for Christmas started receiving emails saying their deliveries would be delayed or cancelled.

Then, when shops opened, in-store customers found their vouchers were not being accepted at the tills.

In response, Morrisons applied a 10% discount for members of their More Card loyalty scheme and applied other discounts for non-More Card holders.

"Today the Morrisons store experience is back to normal, but all More Card customers will still get 10% off their whole shop instore throughout the day," the supermarket told BBC News on Tuesday morning.

It added: "Click and Collect and Home Deliveries are working as normal. We are determined not to let a single customer down this Christmas."

Another Morrisons customer, Matthew Welch in Northumberland, had his delivery cancelled yesterday morning.

He said the manager he spoke to when he phoned up was "less than helpful."

Matthew told BBC News: "The manager had said that he needed to wait until the problem was fixed and then he would come back to me, which he did not."

He added: "I have since discovered that another four people in the village where I live have also had their Christmas deliveries canceled yesterday as well."

The BBC spoke to two other people in Northumberland who had deliveries cancelled yesterday.

Morrisons insists these cancellations were separate to the main "systems issues" it had, but would not go into more detail.

Mr Welch ended up buying his groceries locally, but has not had any information regarding his Morrisons order.

"Especially with Christmas slots, you're booking them six to eight weeks in advance, and there's really no excuse to cancel on the day the delivery is due," he says.

"I'll be swapping to another supermarket, but I won't use Morrisons again for anything," he adds.

'Will not be forgotten'

Consumer expert Kate Hardcastle says the supermarket chain needs to be honest and transparent with its customers.

"It's something that will be not very quickly forgotten into the new year," she told the BBC.

"I think it's about trying to lean in, doing as much as they can, being very honest about it," she adds.

She says that the way supermarkets use loyalty schemes have changed in recent years, from offering points to offering discounts for members.

"If we're going to see retailers implement these systems where you can only access a certain price through the schemes, then you absolutely have to make sure they're watertight," she says.

"Our grocery stores, they are built on legacy IT systems which can really get impacted at sensitive times of year... it's about trying to understand into the new year how they can really work with their loyal customers to make up for this."

Four given jail terms for Amsterdam violence against football fans

VLN NIEWS/ANP/AFP Police in riot gear guard a Dutch bus in AmsterdamVLN NIEWS/ANP/AFP
Dutch authorities spoke of "hit-and-run" attacks across the centre of Amsterdam early last month

Four rioters have been given short jail terms for violence against football fans visiting Amsterdam for a Europa League match between Ajax and Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv.

Sefa Ö, 32, was handed the longest sentence of six months in jail by Amsterdam district court, while another man was given 10 weeks and two others a month's detention each. A fifth defendant was given a community service order under the Netherlands' juvenile law.

The judge said a prison sentence for the four was appropriate given the seriousness of the actions and the context in which they took place.

The riots broke out in several areas of the Dutch capital in early November and led to international condemnation.

The five defendants sentenced on Tuesday were the first to be tried for hit-and-run attacks that erupted in the early hours of 8 November, after incidents that took place over two days.

The court said that there was a lot of video evidence showing Maccabi fans facing extreme violence, and also pointed to footage of supporters pulling down Palestinian flags as well as chanting slogans against Arabs. Taxis were also vandalised by the fans.

The court chairman added that there had already been unrest in the Netherlands because of the war in Gaza.

While the court took "the context" of the events into account, it said there had been "no justification for calling for and using physical violence against Israeli supporters".

Sefa Ö was found to have given a karate-type kick to one victim, causing him to fall against a moving tram, as well as taking part in several other attacks.

The trial saw video footage appeared to show him kicking and hitting victims on Dam Square, Damrak and Zoutsteeg, and prosecutors said he had played a leading role in violence that had nothing to do with football.

Rachid O, 26, who was given 10 weeks in jail, was found to have taken part in a WhatsApp chat group called Buurthuis2, on which he referred to intended victims as "cowardly" Jews who he would never again get the chance to attack.

More than 900 people were in the group and thee court said the chat had been used to pass on information to "commit violence against people of Jewish descent and/or supporters of Maccabi Tel Aviv".

Umutcan A, 24, was also found to have kicked one of the victims several times while taking part in an attack with other men and then kicked another fan on the ground. CCTV footage had shown him attacking several Maccabi fans, as well as grabbing one fan by the throat and seizing his football scarf.

He had written in messaging groups about a "Jew hunt" but told the trial he did not harbour hatred towards Jews.

Karanveer S, 26, had already been convicted of assault in 2022 and the court noted that did not deter him from taking part in last month's attacks.

The youngest of the five, Lucas D, 19, was found to have used violence against a police officer and taken part in a separate Snapchat group calling for violence against Maccabi Tel Aviv fans.

The five all have two weeks in which to appeal.

The court said he had an illegal, high-explosive "cobra" firework in his possession at the time of his arrest. Prosecutors had called for Lucas D to be given a jail term.

Chief prosecutor René de Beukelaer had earlier rejected suggestions that the attacks had amounted to terrorism, because he said it was not the aim of the group to instill fear in the people they were targeting.

However, he did say there were instances of antisemitism exchanged on a messaging group.

"I can well understand that the Jewish community in Amsterdam was left afraid because of this violence, but that's different from saying that was the goal of the suspects," he told Amsterdam's AT5 TV channel earlier this month.

Person caught in train doors pulled along platform

BBC An Elizabeth line train at the platform with its doors open. There are people walking along the platform beside the train. BBC
A passenger's hand became trapped in the doors of an Elizabeth line train at Ealing Broadway station

An investigation has been launched after a passenger's hand became trapped in the closing doors of an Elizabeth line train as it was leaving London's Ealing Broadway station.

The incident, which happened shortly after midnight on 24 November, saw the passenger having to run alongside the train before they were freed by a member of staff who was working on the platform.

The driver was alerted to what was happening by other rail users, and the train stopped after moving approximately 17m (56 ft). The passenger reportedly suffered minor injuries.

The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) said it would look into what happened. Transport for London has been approached for comment.

Among the issues the RAIB said it would consider are the actions of those involved and the arrangements in place to manage and control the risks associated with passengers getting on and off Elizabeth line trains.

In June 2023 the RAIB investigated after two people were dragged along London Underground platforms by trains when their coats got stuck in the train doors.

The incidents happened at Archway and Chalk Farm stations on the Northern line.

The passenger at Archway was seriously injured after being dragged along the platform for about 2m (6.5ft) when their coat became trapped in the doors of a northbound Northern line train.

Getty Images A London Tube train in white and blue livery with bright red doors, at the platform in an underground station. Getty Images
In 2023 a passenger was seriously injured when her coat got caught in the door

In its report into the incidents the RAIB recommended that London Underground should look at reducing the risk of a passenger becoming trapped and dragged along by a departing train.

This could include technology that can detect when thin objects, such as fingers, straps or clothing, become trapped in train doors, and detect when something is being dragged along by the departing train.

It said Tube bosses should consider modifying door seals to make it easier for small, trapped objects, such as clothing and straps to be pulled free from closed doors.

The board also said London Underground should review the current minimum automatic train dwell times to determine if passengers have sufficient time to safely get on or off trains.

Elizabeth line injuries

Concerns have previously been raised about passenger safety on the Elizabeth line at Ealing Broadway due to the gap between the platform and the train.

In July the mayor of London apologised to several Elizabeth line passengers who were seriously injured using trains at the station and said work was being done to make sure the high gap would be fixed.

Three passengers told BBC London they had been hurt using the service at Ealing Broadway station because the gap between the platform and trains is too big.

Sadiq Khan said he was "shocked" to see reports on BBC London of those injured, adding: "I'm really sorry. You should not be injured going about your daily business."

At the time TfL and Network Rail both said they were "sorry" some passengers had sustained injuries and safety was their "priority".

The £18.8bn Elizabeth line opened in May 2022 and links Reading and Essex via central London.

Listen to the best of BBC Radio London on Sounds and follow BBC London on Facebook, X and Instagram. Send your story ideas to hello.bbclondon@bbc.co.uk

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Ex-Abercrombie CEO has dementia and may not be fit for trial, lawyers say

Getty Images Mike JeffriesGetty Images
Mike Jeffries was arrested earlier this year, along with his partner and their middleman, on sex trafficking charges

The former CEO of Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F) has dementia and late onset Alzheimer's disease, his legal team has said in a court document filed in New York.

Lawyers for Mike Jeffries have requested a hearing to determine whether he is mentally fit to stand trial on federal sex trafficking charges.

The 80-year-old was arrested alongside his partner in October and charged with running an international sex trafficking and prostitution business. Both men have pleaded not guilty.

A so-called competency hearing has been scheduled for June next year.

Mr Jeffries, who ran US clothing brand A&F for two decades, is accused of running a sex trafficking and prostitution business from at least 2008-15.

US prosecutors allege that he used his wealth, power and status "to traffic men for his own sexual pleasure", and for the pleasure of his British partner Matthew Smith, 61.

They said the couple, alongside a middleman James Jacobson, 71, used force, fraud and coercion to make vulnerable, aspiring models engage in violent and exploitative sex acts.

All three men have pleaded not guilty to the charges and been released on bond.

The FBI began investigating last year after the BBC revealed claims Mr Jeffries and Mr Smith had sexually exploited men at events they hosted around the world.

The BBC investigation, published in October 2023, found the pair were at the centre of a sophisticated operation involving a middleman scouting young men for sex.

In the same month, Brian Bieber, Mr Jeffries' lawyer, said his client was examined several times by a neuropsychologist who later concluded diagnostic impressions that he was suffering from two types of dementia and probable late onset Alzheimer's disease.

In the court filing, Mr Bieber added that during an initial meeting last year the former fashion boss "did not even come close to resembling a master's degree-educated individual, who was just nine years earlier the chief executive officer of a publicly traded company".

As a result, Mr Bieber questioned the ability of Mr Jeffries to "rationally assist" with the possible factual and legal defences to the allegations he was facing, according to the document.

The filing comes after Mr Jeffries' legal team sought a competency hearing, which will now be held over two days on 16 and 17 June 2025.

Federal prosecutors in the Eastern District of New York declined to comment.

Mr Jeffries stepped down as CEO and chairman of A&F in 2014, and left with a $25m (£19.9m) retirement package.

Alongside the criminal case, A&F, Mr Jeffries and his partner have been defending a civil lawsuit accusing the retailer of having funded a sex trafficking operation.

Earlier this month, Mr Jeffries sued A&F after it refused to pay his criminal defence costs, arguing the brand had agreed to indemnify him for all claims arising out of his position.

Blake Lively and Justin Baldoni: What you need to know

Getty Images Blake Lively, a blonde woman with red lipstick, is stood with her back to the camera but has turned her head to face the camera. She is wearing a silver dress with a low back.Getty Images

From the moment Justin Baldoni announced in 2019 that he was adapting the best-selling book It Ends With Us into a film, there was a widespread frenzy.

There are few books in recent years that have become as big a cultural phenomenon as Colleen Hoover's novel - it has sold 20m copies and became an internet sensation on TikTok with more than one billion tags on the app.

When Blake Lively, who rose to fame in the 2000s playing Serena van der Woodsen in Gossip Girl, was cast as the main character, fans became even more excited, describing her as the perfect choice to play Lily Bloom, a young woman who grew up witnessing domestic abuse and winds up in the same position years later.

Lily, a florist in Boston, navigates a complicated love triangle between her charming but abusive boyfriend Ryle Kincaid - played by Jane the Virgin's Justin Baldoni - and her compassionate first love, Atlas Corrigan (Brandon Sklenar).

Released at the beginning of August, the film became a box office success bringing in more than $350m (£280m) globally.

But despite its financial success, everything wasn't running so smoothly behind the scenes. Rumours of a feud between Baldoni and Lively began swirling before the film was even released.

Last week, Lively filed a legal complaint against her co-star, accusing him of sexual harassment and starting a smear campaign against her, something Baldoni strongly denies. Here is the story so far:

It Ends With Us press tour

Getty Images Three people - Brandon Sklenar, Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds - are dressed in formal attire and posing for a photo. They are stood in front of a large sign that reads "It Ends With Us"Getty Images
Blake Lively posed for photos on the red carpet with her husband Ryan Reynolds and co-star Brandon Sklenar

For a film about domestic abuse, the press tour for It Ends With Us was probably not what you would have expected. There were pink carpets, flowers galore and the promotion of Lively's new haircare brand and her husband's gin company.

Instead of advocacy on the red carpet, Lively highlighted fashion and florals.

At the London premiere, press were told to keep questions "fun and light-hearted" with one event organiser telling me to "steer away from questions on domestic abuse".

One of her remarks made at the New York premiere - "you are so much more than just a survivor or just a victim" - sparked backlash on social media.

Domestic abuse survivor Ashley Paige criticised Ms Lively's language and told the BBC that her own trauma "shaped my identity".

Lively was also criticised for her comments in another clumsy promotional tour video where she said: "Grab your friends, wear your florals and head out to see it."

Ms Paige accused Lively of promoting the film like it's "the sequel to Barbie".

Justin Baldoni's absence

Alongside the press tour being described as "tone-deaf", people started asking questions about why the Lively and Baldoni weren't photographed on the red carpet together at the film's New York premiere on 6 August.

The pair also did no interviews together during the press tour and at the London premiere, which Baldoni didn't attend, I was warned by Lively's team to not "ask any questions about Justin".

Internet sleuths also spotted that cast members including Lively and author Hoover did not follow Baldoni on social media.

Neither Lively or Baldoni addressed rumours of a feud during the press tour and the only reference to each other was Baldoni telling Today that his co-star was a "dynamic creative".

"She had her hands in every part of this production, and everything she touched made [it] better," he said about the 37-year-old.

Mixed critic reviews

Getty Images Justin Baldoni at the New York premiere of It Ends With UsGetty Images
Baldoni was not photographed with his co-star Blake Lively at the New York premiere of It Ends With Us

While the film was a box office success, it received mixed reviews from critics with some saying it romanticised domestic abuse.

There was a two-star review from The Telegraph's Tim Robey, who called it a "queasy drama" that "repackages domestic violence as slick romance".

He suggested the film "splices abuse and glossy courtship in the big city to deeply dubious effects".

The movie also sparked a debate on TikTok, with some saying that it's not clear from the trailer that this story is about an abusive relationship and rather it appears to be telling a love story.

Based on this misconception, some people said they found the film traumatic as they didn't know it contained scenes of domestic abuse.

'Smear campaign'

During the film's press tour, Baldoni hired a crisis manager, Melissa Nathan, whose previous clients include Johnny Depp and Drake.

Shortly after the press tour, Lively faced a barrage of criticism on social media relating to her comments on that tour as well as from old interviews.

One of the interviews to resurface was one shared by a Norwegian journalist, Kjersti Flaa, who posted a video on YouTube of her interviewing Lively in 2016. It was titled "The Blake Lively interview that made me want to quit my job."

Actor Brandon Sklenar, who plays Atlas in the film, defended Lively and said in a post on Instagram that people had been "vilifying" the women involved in the film online.

He said it was "disheartening to see the amount of negativity being projected" and that someone close to him who had experienced a relationship similar to Lily's had credited the film with "saving her life".

Legal complaint

Four months after the film's launch, Lively filed a legal complaint against Mr Baldoni in which she accused him of sexual harassment.

The complaint also listed Wayfarer Studios, Mr Baldoni's production company which produced It Ends With Us, as a defendant.

The legal filing accuses Mr Baldoni and Wayfarer CEO Jamey Heath of "repeated sexual harassment and other disturbing behaviour". Some other female cast and crew had also spoken up about their conduct, the filing alleges.

It also alleges that Ms Lively, Mr Baldoni and other people involved in the development of the film attended a meeting in January to address "the hostile work environment" on set. Her husband, actor Ryan Reynolds, attended the meeting alongside her, according to the complaint.

At the meeting, attendees agreed to a list of demands, including Mr Baldoni and Mr Heath making "no more descriptions of their own genitalia", requiring an intimacy coordinator on set at all times when Ms Lively was in scenes with Mr Baldoni and no "friends" of the producers and directors being on set during scenes when Ms Lively was in a state of nudity.

The list of demands also implied that Mr Baldoni had asked Ms Lively's trainer how much she weighed and alleged that Mr Baldoni and Mr Heath had spoken about their "pornography addiction" to Ms Lively.

Plan to 'destroy' reputation

Getty Images  (L-R) America Ferrera, Amber Tamblyn, Blake Lively and Alexis BledelGetty Images
America Ferrera, Amber Tamblyn and Alexis Bledel said they "stand in solidarity" with Lively

In the filing, Ms Lively also alleges that Mr Baldoni and his team attacked her public image after the meeting.

She accuses him of orchestrating a plan to "destroy" her reputation in the press and online, including hiring a crisis manager who led a "sophisticated, coordinated, and well-financed retaliation plan" against her and used a "digital army" to post social media content that seemed authentic.

"To safeguard against the risk of Ms Lively ever revealing the truth about Mr Baldoni, the Baldon-Wayfarer team created, planted, amplified, and boosted content designed to eviscerate Mr Baldoni's credibility," Ms Lively's team wrote in the filing.

In the filing, Ms Lively says that this had led to "substantial harm" that affected "all aspects" of her life.

Mr Baldoni's legal team told the BBC the allegations are "categorically false" and said they hired a crisis manager because Ms Lively had threatened to derail the film unless her demands were met.

Responding to the legal complaint, Mr Baldoni's lawyer, Bryan Freedman, said on Saturday: "It is shameful that Ms Lively and her representatives would make such serious and categorically false accusations against Mr Baldoni, Wayfarer Studios and its representatives."

Mr Freedman accused Ms Lively of making numerous demands and threats, including "threatening to not show up to set, threatening to not promote the film", which would end up "ultimately leading to its demise during release, if her demands were not met".

Support for Lively

Hollywood stars including America Ferrera, Amber Tamblyn and Alexis Bledel have publicly backed Lively after she filed her complaint.

Ferrera, Tamblyn and Bledel, who starred with Lively in 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, issued a joint statement on Instagram, on Sunday saying they "stand with her in solidarity".

"Throughout the filming of It Ends with Us, we saw her summon the courage to ask for a safe workplace for herself and colleagues on set, and we are appalled to read the evidence of a premeditated and vindictive effort that ensued to discredit her voice," they wrote.

Colleen Hoover, the author of It Ends With Us, also showed her support, describing Ms Lively as "honest, kind, supportive and patient".

Additional reporting by Grace Dean.

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