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Temperatures drop across UK as arctic blast brings more snow

BBC A police 'road closed' sign and two cones blocks a snow and slush covered country road. The hedges and trees either side of the track are covered in a blanket of wet snow.BBC

Much of the UK could be set for three days of snow as temperatures plunge across the country.

A Met Office yellow warning for snow has been issued for all of England and Wales and parts of Scotland this weekend, with icy conditions forecast to continue into Monday.

It means there is a risk of rural communities being cut off, schools being closed and power cuts, as well as widespread travel disruption.

The wintry conditions will hit days after much of the UK was lashed by strong winds and heavy rain, which led to widespread flooding across the north-west of England.

The snow warning starts at noon on Saturday until 09:00 GMT on Monday and covers all regions of England apart from the South West, the majority of Wales and parts of southern Scotland.

About 5cm of snow is expected across the Midlands, Wales and northern England over the weekend, with as much as 20-30cm over high ground in Wales and the Pennines. With strong winds, some drifting may also be possible.

Parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland may also see some disruptive snow. In southern England any snow is likely to turn back to rain as milder air temporarily arrives.

Temperatures will begin to fall overnight on Wednesday, with parts of the country warned to expect icy conditions on Thursday morning and some snow expected in Scotland.

It will feel increasingly bitter as the Arctic air reaches all areas of the UK by Thursday, with a mix of sunny spells and wintry showers, paving the way for widespread snowfall across the weekend.

BBC Weather lead presenter Ben Rich warned that snow is notoriously hard to forecast, and the warning will likely be modified closer to the time as confidence in in the data behind it grows.

"With just a small change in temperature or the track of the low pressure can mean an area gets rain or sleet instead of snow," he said.

The warnings come after many Britons saw their New Year's celebrations accompanied by heavy rain and extensive flooding, including in Greater Manchester where a major incident was declared on New Year's Day.

Places affected include Bolton, Didsbury, South Manchester, Harpurhey, north Manchester, Stalybridge, Stockport and Wigan.

In Cheshire, the banks of the Bridgewater Canal collapsed with water pouring into surrounding fields at Little Bollington, prompting road closures and property evacuations.

Around 90mm of rain has fallen widely across north west England over the last 24 hours with over 100mm recorded on some hills in north Wales and Cumbria.

And in London, the New Year's Day parade suffered a short delay due to the high winds and a brief squall of torrential rain in the capital.

You can keep up to date with BBC Weather forecasts online and on the app.

Ex-college football player and aspiring nurse among attack victims

Michelle Bech Martin BechMichelle Bech

A well-known American football player, a young aspiring nurse and a mother of a four-year-old are among the victims of the New Year's day attack in New Orleans in which at least 15 people were killed.

Their names are being released by families and relatives before authorities complete post-mortem examinations.

Here's what we know so far.

Martin 'Tiger' Bech

Martin "Tiger" Bech is a former football player at Princeton University.

His death was confirmed in a statement by the university.

"There was no more appropriate nickname of a Princeton player I coached," Princeton football coach Bob Surace said in a statement.

"He was a 'Tiger' in every way - a ferocious competitor with endless energy, a beloved teammate and a caring friend."

Martin Bech's brother, Jack Bech, posted a tribute on X alongside a news article reporting his death.

"Love you always brother!" he wrote. "You inspired me everyday now you get to be with me in every moment. I got this family T, don't worry. This is for us."

Mr Bech was a member of the 2016 and 2018 Ivy League Championship teams.

Nikyra Cheyenne Dedeaux

The 18-year-old was an aspiring nurse.

Her death was confirmed by her mother, Melissa Dedeaux, on social media.

"I lost my baby just pray for me and my family pleaseeeeee!!! God I need you now!!," the mother pleaded, along with a photograph of her daughter wearing a red graduation cap and gown from this year.

Ms Dedeaux - who is also a nurse - told local media outlet Nola that her daughter had been due to start her nurse training later this month.

She added that Nikyra had snuck out with a cousin and friend, who both survived.

Reggie Hunter

The death of the store manager and father of two was confirmed to CBS News, the BBC News' US partner, by his cousin Shirell Robinson Jackson.

Ms Jackson described him as "full of life", and said the 37-year-old had messaged the family minutes after midnight to wish them a Happy New Near.

He was with another cousin who was injured in the attack.

Nicole Perez

Kimberly Usher Fall, Ms Perez's friend and boss at the deli store she worked at, called her a dedicated, smart and a "good-hearted person", according to CBS.

The 27-year-old was also a mother to a four-year-old boy.

Matthew Tenedorio

The 25-year-old audio-visual technician had a "laid-back spirit and infectious laughter" that brought joy to those around him, according to a fundraiser his family set up in his name.

His mother Cathy Tenedorio, told US broadcaster NBC News, she last saw her son alive at 21:00 local time on New Year's Eve, adding she remembered hugging and kissing him.

What we know about the New Orleans attack and driver

Reuters Police stand in dark at attack scene in new orleans.
Reuters

Ten people are dead and at least 35 injured after a man drove into a large crowd in New Orleans in the early hours of New Year's Day, authorities have said.

Here's what we know so far.

When did the incident happen?

At 0315 on New Year's day, a man drove a pickup truck at speed into a large crowd in Bourbon Street.

Police described the act as "very intentional", adding that the man was "hell-bent on creating the carnage and the damage that he did".

"This man was trying to run over as many people as he possibly could", said New Orleans Police Chief Anne Kirkpatrick.

The driver fired at officers from his vehicle, injuring two officers. They are in a stable condition, authorities said.

In a later update, the FBI confirmed the driver was dead and that the incident was being investigated as an "act of terrorism".

Who was injured?

Police said 10 people were killed and at least 35 injured. None of them have been identified yet.

The injured have been sent to several area hospitals for treatment.

Police said it appeared that the victims were mainly locals.

Where did it happen?

The man drove into a large crowd on Bourbon Street in the southern US city of New Orleans in Louisiana.

Bourbon Street is a well-known nightlife and tourist hotspot that is filled with bars, clubs with live music and restaurants.

It is within New Orleans' French Quarter, a lively area that attracts tourists and locals, especially to celebrate the new year.

What about the driver?

The driver of the vehicle has died, but the cause of death is not yet clear.

He has not been identified by police, who said earlier that he had fired at officers when they responded to the scene.

The truck, a white Ford F-150 Lightning, with a heavily damaged bonnet was geolocated by the BBC Verify team in front of Rick's Cabaret on Bourbon Street, near the Conti Street intersection.

Officials are investigating whether the suspect was connected to or inspired by a foreign terror organization, according to BBC's US news partner CBS.

Investigators also are analyzing potential explosive devices recovered at or near the scene.

A long gun was recovered from the scene, CBS reported.

What was found at the scene?

Special agent Althea Duncan of the the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) confirmed at a morning news conference that the agency had taken over the investigation.

Ms Duncan said a possible explosive device had been found at the scene and authorities were working to find out if it was "viable".

She stressed that the public should stay away from the area "until we can figure out what is going on".

Police asked that the public stay clear of Bourbon Street between Canal and St Ann streets.

What did witnesses say?

A witness who was on Bourbon Street at the time of the incident has just shared some of the harrowing scenes.

Whit Davis, from Shreveport, Louisiana, told the BBC: "We had been on and around Bourbon Street since the beginning of the evening.

"When we were in the bar we didn't hear shooting or crashes because the music was so loud," Mr Davis said.

Police held Mr Davis and a group of people in the bar, and when they were allowed to leave he said they "were walking past dead and injured bodies all over the street".

Bereaved whale spotted pushing another dead calf

Ken Balcomb, Center for Whale Research Tahlequah the whale seen supporting dead calfKen Balcomb, Center for Whale Research
Whale J35 (known as Tahlequah) seen supporting the dead calf in 2018

A killer whale, which captured the world's attention in 2018 when it was spotted pushing the dead body of its newborn calf for 17 days, appears to be grieving again.

The whale, known as Tahlequah, has lost another calf and is again pushing the body, according to the Center for Whale Research.

Tahlequah has this time been spotted off the coast of the US state of Seattle.

Killer whales have been known to carry dead calves for a week but scientists in 2018 said Tahlequah had set a "record".

The Center for Whale Research said the death of any calf was a "tremendous loss" but added that the death of Tahlequah's newborn was "particularly devastating" given its history.

The centre, which studies the Southern Resident killer whale and works on its conservation, said Tahlequah had now lost two out of four documented calves - both of which were female.

Both Canada and the US list Southern Resident killer whales as endangered.

The whales depend on Chinook salmon - which have been in dramatic decline in recent years - for food.

Failures to reproduce are linked to nutrition and access to these salmon, according to research from the University of Washington.

Whales can travel an average of 120km (75 miles) a day.

The 2018 sighting of Tahlequah pushing a dead calf happened when it was off the shores of Victoria, British Columbia.

Why Apple is offering rare iPhone discounts in China

Getty Images Shoppers look at iPhone 16 Pro at an Apple Store in Chengdu, China.Getty Images
US tech giant cuts prices in China as it faces growing competition from local rivals like Huawei

Shoppers in China are getting rare discounts on iPhones as Apple faces growing competition from local brands.

The four-day promotion, which starts this Saturday (4 January), includes discounts of as much as 500 yuan ($68.50, £55.30) on some of the US technology giant's newest handsets.

Chinese phone maker Huawei has also cut prices of its high-end mobile devices by as much as 20%.

The discounts come as consumers in China remain hesitant about spending because of the country's economic challenges.

The offer covers Apple's top models as well as older handsets and some other devices.

The biggest discount of 500 yuan will apply to Apple's flagship iPhone 16 Pro, which has starting a price of 7,999 yuan, and the iPhone 16 Pro Max which currently costs 9,999 yuan.

The firm held a similar promotion in China last year ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday. This year, the festival starts at the end of January.

Changing behaviour

"Apple's strategy has changed to adapt to the change in Chinese consumers' shopping behaviour," said Will Wong, a senior research manager for market intelligence firm International Data Corporation (IDC).

"The value-seeking trend has made price discounts more attractive to consumers. Apple may fall behind other competitors if it doesn't adopt such a pricing strategy."

The discounts being offered by Apple and Huawei reflect a wider trend in China.

From online retail giants to the country's car makers, deals are being offered in a bid to attract customers who have been reluctant to spend as the world's second largest economy slows.

Local competition

Against this backdrop, Apple's share of the Chinese market has come under increasing pressure from local rivals, such as Vivo and Xiaomi.

The US firm re-entered China's top five smartphone makers in the third quarter of 2024 after briefly dropping off the list.

According to IDC's latest research, Vivo was China's best-selling smartphone maker in the period as its sales jumped by more than 20%.

During the same period, Apple saw sales dip by 0.3%. Huawei's jumped by more than 40%.

"We've seen market competition increase with almost everyone launching a flagship last quarter," said Ivan Lam, a senior analyst at Counterpoint Research.

Huawei has seen demand for its products surge after its return to the premium smartphone market in August last year.

The Shenzhen-based firm has since launched several new devices powered by advanced technology despite the company facing US restrictions.

基本常识|一夜难安睡的银川人,该逃还是该躲?

CDT 档案卡
标题:一夜难安睡的银川人,该逃还是该躲?
作者:项栋梁
发表日期:2025.1.2
来源:基本常识
主题归类:地震
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

4级地震,通常来说并不可怕。

但是,一天之内发生多次4级以上地震,并且地震局研判未来几日还有可能发生“震感较强”地震,你会作何感想?这是宁夏银川市民从昨天到今天正在经历的真实考验与艰难抉择。

1月2日10:01 银川4.8级地震

1月2日银川永宁县4.8级地震

1月2日16:43 银川金凤区4.6级地震

1月2日4.6级地震

1月3日03:45 银川2.6级地震

……

于是,一部分银川市民选择连夜离开。

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还有一些市民则是在焦虑之中彻夜难眠。

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如果换了是你来面对这种情况,你会选择“逃”还是“躲”呢?

选择“逃”还是“躲”,应该说都没有错。自己是生命的第一负责人,只要有秩序地行动,不引发恐慌骚乱,选择暂时离开银川或者在银川就近找空旷安全处躲避,都是可以理解的选择。

然而实际上,对当下的银川市民来说,就近躲避的选项其实是不存在的。或者严格来说,是尚未被启动的。

躲避“可能发生的较大地震”,应该选择空旷的、离建筑物有一定距离的安全场地露营,住帐篷、轻质板房,甚至打地铺都可以考虑。

可能大多数人平时没有留意,但这样的地方在每一座城市都有的,被称为“应急避难场所”。

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地震应急避难场所通常设在公园、体育场、市民广场等大片空旷地区,平时发挥着各自的常规功能,待应急响应时原地转化为避难场所。

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就这么看起来,还是很踏实很有安全感的对不对?

银川还是经济发展相对比较落后的省会,它都能做到这个程度,其他城市应该做得更好吧?在我们没留意到的地方,国家已经默默地为紧急特殊情况做好了相应准备,只待有需要的时候就启用……

理论上的确是这样,但现实中呢,也不是说完全做不到,但就……不会那么丝滑。

第一,应急避难场所的容纳总量还存在一定差距

截至2023年底,银川市常住人口为290万人,其中主城区常住人口约240万。上面我贴出来的表格是银川市于2024年5月公示的最新版应急避难场所22处(仅包含主城3区),加起来可以容纳85万人避险。

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一个简单的数学计算,银川市主城区已建成的应急避难场所只能容纳约三分之一的常住人口。

当我们把目光转向银川下辖的永宁县,问题就更直观一些了。永宁县本身并未公示辖区内应急避难场所的信息,根据高德地区查询数据显示,永宁县辖区仅有1处应急避难场所。

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第二,应急避难场所的配套设施有待完善

有人可能会想,应急避难场所,不就是一些空地么,到处都有啊,花几百块钱立个牌子不就成了应急避难场所?

还真不是这样……

人群聚集起来,哪怕是躲避洪水、地震等自然灾害的紧急情况,人也是需要吃喝拉撒睡的,而这些供人吃喝拉撒睡的配套设施才是建设应急避难场所最难最贵的地方。

想要安置几万人在一片广场上避难,移动厕所你得有吧?帐篷地垫得有吧?银川现在夜间最低温可是零下9度,总不能让大家依偎取暖吧。

以银川市公示已经“建成”的,测算“可以容纳”85万人的应急避难场所,真要按上面的最低标准实际运行起来,别说80万人了,能安置8万人住3天就谢天谢地了。

真要按照足够安置整座城市全部人口避难的标准来储备各项应急物资,那当然是最理想的情况,只是这个成本我们当下社会还很难承受得起,或者说还不想去承受。

所以我们看到,尽管已经出现多次4级以上地震,尽管市民多有担忧,但银川市并没有主动启用这些应急避难场所让市民前往躲避。这里当然有避免社会恐慌的考量,但更多还是成本和可行性层面的考量。

非不为也,实不能也。

第三,对地震的研判预报现在还不够可靠

启用应急避难场所还要面临的一个难题是缺乏决策依据。假如是已经发生了特大地震,房屋垮塌没法住了,那没办法只能在避难,假如是即将登陆的台风,有较为可靠的路径预测,那也简单,提前安排群众转移避难就好,范围放宽一些都可以接受。

银川现在的难点在于,没有人能确定会不会继续发生较大的地震,更不知道什么时候有可能发生。所谓专家综合研判“近期发生大地震的可能性不高”,或者“近期还有可能发生4到5级地震”,都只是非常粗略的判断,完全不足以作为重大公共政策的决策依据。

不是中国地震专家无能,是全世界的地震专家都好不到哪去。人类对底层深处10公里的了解还比不上对近太空100公里的了解多,确切说是远远比不上。真的,太难了……

所以,回到银川市的现实来说,有能力且有意愿的人们选择了暂时“逃”到外地避一避,有意愿但没能力的人们,就只能待在家里等一个未知的明天。大家都到应急避难场所“躲一躲”是不现实的。

怜我世人,忧患实多……

AI将我们带往何处?

AI的狂飙突进,是近几十年来人类科技积累的集中体现。与之前数次工业革命不同的是,AI的发展不会局限于某个方面或某些方面,而是会带来全方位的影响,其广度与深度将远超我们现在的想象。

(本文首发于2025年1月2日《南方周末》)

南方周末特约撰稿 左力

责任编辑:朱力远

(农健使用AI工具生成/图)

自2022年12月ChatGPT横空出世以来,AI就一直是全球最具热度的科技话题。随着国内外各大厂商纷纷加入这个全新的赛场,各种基于大语言模型(LLM)的泛用型AI如雨后春笋般不断出现,而AlphaFold、AlphaProof等专精某一领域的特化型AI,也在不断刷新着智能的极限。AI这一原本只出现在科幻电影和小说中的事物,正在逐渐走进我们的日常生活,并开始潜移默化地改变我们的生活习惯。

虽然这一波AI热潮来得迅猛且突然,但是如果追根溯源,我们就会发现,现阶段AI所需的理论和数学基础,即包括基于人工神经网络的深度学习框架等在内的相关理论,早在20世纪七八十年代就已经被相关研究者提出并加以研究了。近年来,计算机芯片算力的不断提升,以及互联网的不断发展,提供了足够的算力和物料基础。这些发展,使得AI从纯粹的理论研究,变成了我们每个人都可以接触到的现实。

可以说,现在AI的爆发式发展,正是近几十年来人类科技积累的集中体现。这正是我们现在所处的时代中,科技突破的一个重要特征。现今重大的科技进展,已经不再是单靠某个领域的发展与创新所能做到的,而是依赖于多学科、多领域的协作。各个领域相互交融,协同发展,这正是当下方兴未艾的第四次工业革命的一个典型特征。而数字化与AI的高速发展与突破,也正是第四次工业革命最为重要的发展方向。

不可阻挡的洪流

第四次工业革命这个说法,会让人想到历史上之前的三次工业革命所带来的各种深远影响。但是,它也会给人以一种感觉,四次工业革命是彼此相互独立的事件。而这反而会使得我们在一定程度上无法看清当下AI发展的本质。

实际上,自十八世纪中叶工业革命在英国爆发以来,人类科技就逐渐成为一个越来越紧密的整体。这个整体逐渐发展成一股势不可当、不断加速向前的洪流。人为划分出的四次工业革命,就是这股洪流在不同时期,以不同形态所展示出的阶段特征。而AI,则是这股科技洪流,在我们当下这个时代所涌现出的最新的浪潮。

看清一条河流之前流淌的方向,可以让我们知道它接下来会流向何方。在现在这个AI时代即将到来的时刻,回顾这股已经奔涌了两三百年的科技洪流,有着属于

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Biden Plans to Block Takeover Bid of U.S. Steel by Japan’s Nippon

The president’s announcement of the fate of the iconic Pennsylvania-based company, which became a contentious political issue in an election year, is expected as soon as Friday.

© Kyodo, via Associated Press

U.S. Steel, the iconic American company whose metal has been used to build some of the nation’s most famous bridges and buildings, is based in the swing state of Pennsylvania.

中国春节机票价格大跌 最高降幅近七成引热议

今年春运将于本月中旬启动,多家在线旅游预订平台数据显示,春节期间国内机票价格大幅下降,热门航线的降幅最高接近70%。然而,火车票被抢购一空,这一消息引发了网民热议和质疑。

根据航旅纵横和航班管家的数据,截至2024年12月下旬,2025年春节假期(1月28日至2月4日)的国内航线经济舱平均票价同比下降2.2%。热门旅游城市间的票价降幅尤为明显。例如:杭州至昆明、三亚票价下降64%;杭州至海口、广州分别下降63%和61%;广州至上海、哈尔滨的机票降幅分别达75%和74%。上述机票价格大约在人民币三百元左右。

此外,北京、上海、广州等一线城市的出发票价仍较高,而青岛、武汉、西安等城市出发的返乡航线则降至原价的4至6折。

上海居民郑先生本周五(3日)接受自由亚洲电台记者采访时说,机票价格下跌,火车票(慢车)出现一票难求局面与国内经济环境有关。他说:“票子(火车慢车)因为票子紧张,路程远,我想买慢车卧铺,但买不到,很多单位因为没有业务,员工已经提前放假,火车票慢车紧张,我只能开车去。现在(居民)消费能力不行,什么都降价,超市内连人都看不到,和以前不能比。”

返程机票价格依然高企

与去程票价大幅下降相比,返程机票价格仍然高居不下。例如,从三亚返回北京或杭州的票价在除夕当天仅为原价的2.2折,而热门航线的商务舱票价则可能高达数千甚至上万元。去年春节期间曾出现类似情况,三亚回程票价因需求激增而暴涨,部分游客不得不绕道国际航线返乡。

江苏居民王先生认为许多人放弃搭乘飞机,与收入减少有关。他对本台说:“经济形势不太好,火车票必将难买。我们上一次到南京去,回来江苏泰州,基本上就没票。如果按照特价机票计算,坐火车时间长,还不如坐飞机。特价机票都是时间点不好的,或者是早上起飞或者晚上。”

机票大幅降价引发热议

尽管降价消息登上热搜榜,但不少网民表达质疑。有人抱怨购买特价机票“去程便宜,回程补回来。”还有的说“去年海南的机票就是这样,去的时候百元,回来要万元。”“我查的票价还是原价,没看到所谓的暴跌。”

南京从事旅游行业的付女士对本台说,春节机票下跌除了航空公司的经营策略,也有其它原因:“第一,现在经济不景气,坐航班的人不多了,那些人都发不出工资,提前回老家了。另外,火车也是很大的竞争对手,也有人开车返乡,费用更便宜,再一个最近韩国发生空难,引起大家对坐飞机的不安。”

《都市快报》引述航旅纵横数据显示,2025年中国传统新年假期国内航线机票预订量超244万张;出入境航线机票预订量超112万张,同比增长约37%。

中国多家平台建议消费者通过“反向买”、“错峰买”和“提前买”等方式省钱。例如,春节前一周从成都、郑州飞往广州、深圳的票价平均仅为3折左右,约600元。根据往年经验,春运机票预订高峰期集中在节前,提早规划是避免高价的关键。

责编:陈美华

© AP

多家在线旅游预订平台数据显示,春节期间中国国内机票价格大幅下降。

真实故事计划|在回本路上挣扎的年轻人

CDT 档案卡
标题:在回本路上挣扎的年轻人
作者:贺伟彧
发表日期:2025.1.1
来源:真实故事计划
主题归类:中国经济
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

年轻人被视为金融市场的新生消费力量。前一阵股票市场回暖,超百万人新开账户,其中不少人是00后。他们许多人投资经验不多,对于金融市场的涨跌缺乏应对。

一些人后悔贸然入市,期待回本后就撤离。光是保本,就花光了所有力气。回本是一场苦旅,也是普通人投资路上的必经路。

坠入水下

22岁的刘轩坠入了水中。

2024年国庆节假期刚过,他给自己的户头留下2000元余额,将除此之外的约6万元都投入了股市之中。

刘轩选中的股票和基金没有辜负他的期待。当天买入后,刘轩的账户就有了600元浮盈。这样的收益让刘轩满意,但由于相关交易制度固定,当天买进的股票和基金要到下一个交易日才能卖出,刘轩决定第二天就把股票卖掉,将这600元的收益收入囊中,再伺机而动。

事与愿违。第二天一开盘,势头骤然开始走低,一天时间,刘轩的账户形成了6000元亏损。他不得不打消了卖出的决定,留在其中继续观望。

自大学开始,刘轩就是一个对收入十分敏感的孩子。他出生于2002年,自小家里不宽裕,儿时他的母亲和父亲离婚后,就带着一双儿女一起生活,靠着一份在县城5000元左右月薪的教师工作养家。自小家中拮据,还因妈妈心善借钱给亲戚追不回,刘轩和妈妈、妹妹三人一直在负债中生活。

大学起,刘轩比同龄的孩子多了些对挣钱的渴望和嗅觉。他在课余陆续接兼职,写过每个月800元的公众号文案兼职,后来还和同学一起做短视频自媒体,好的时候一个月能赚到1万元帮补母亲和妹妹。投入股市的6万元,便是他大学4年业余打工的积蓄。

怀着对未来的期待,刘轩把6万元投入股市,期待着靠本金的膨胀,用新的方式创造收入,但却事与愿违。

6千元的亏损,约等于他当一个月兼职的收入。但刘轩说,他不后悔入市。他坚信这是牛市周期,入局没有错,错的是他事先没有研究清楚交易规则,就贸然冲了进去。

自2024年9月24日以来,多项提振经济与股市的重磅政策的抛出使A股市场迎来了一波高潮。随舆论发酵,狂热在10月8日到达顶峰,各大券商开户数创下历史新高,短期内大量散户资金涌入股市,其中不少是像刘轩一样新开户的00后。

入市之前,刘轩就一直在留意近段时间的相关政策和市场变动。从“9·24”新政,到9月27日的银行存款准备金率下调,再到9月30日,中国股市迎来16年来单日最大涨幅,这些信息给了他信心。刘轩说,因为看到很多东西在涨,而且实现翻倍收益的个股不在少数,他觉得市场上有很多机会,只是自己把握不住,是能力问题,所以,他决定留在股市继续观望。

就像沉入水下,回本的基准线就是海平面。刘轩开始了他的等待。

在水下,张露等待了两年。故事的开头是甜的。2022年10月,她跟着微博上一位算命博主的推荐,尝试着花两三万元买入了几支股票。两个月,她账户里的股票市值上涨了9000元。有时候,一天就能看到1000元的盈利。

如今回看,张露将那段时间称作自己的“新手保护期”。她是云南一家国企中做文秘工作的普通员工,一个月的薪资6000元和身边的大多数人无异,把钱投入股市之前,也未学习过投资、股市的相关知识。

张露甚至连股票的基本操作都不太懂,把“卖出”点成“买入”的失误,至少发生过三次。这一点,张露自己也清楚。回看当初,她觉得自己完全是在瞎操作:“完全就是跟风,啥也没看就无脑买。”

但就是这样的她,在初入股市的初期,生出了一种“自己是股神”“赚钱好简单”的感觉。

如果说入市初期的盈利是侥幸,那么后来,张露迎来骤然、长期的亏损则是必然。

除了妈妈,炒股的事张露不敢告诉家里其他人。张露的哥哥曾是老股民,他从2008年入市,之后一直在股海浮沉,直到2015年“把钱全赔完了”。这家人晓得股市的厉害,张露知道全家人都反对炒股,但她还是入了场。

顺风顺水地尝到甜头之后,张露花每周300元的费用,加入了那位博主的荐股群,博主推荐什么股票,她就买什么股票。可是好景不长,在短时间内,那几支股票接连走跌。为了拉平亏损,张露开始就着跌下来的股价补仓。结果,越补越多,把80万积蓄都搭进去之后,她依然没有回到盈利的水平线。

自2023年5月份开始,张露的账户就进入了亏损状态,之后一路缩水。最严重的时候,2024年7月,她账户上的亏损额达到了22万元。

其中张露最印象深刻的一笔交易,发生在2023年年中。当时,张露以每股1900元左右的价格,购入了100股某酒业集团的股票。买入之后,张露就看到这支股票开始跌。她只好开始补仓,每股跌到1800元时补了一笔,到每股1600元时补了一笔,每股触及1500元时又进行了补仓,四笔交易下来,总共68万就套在了这支股票里。

直到如今,张露根据博主推荐买的股票,也没能涨回这些年亏损的部分。

无人会为她的亏损“负责”。那位推荐股票的博主消失了。在他推荐的股票接连走跌后,花钱进群的会员们,在荐股群里群情激愤,一度联合起来投诉那位博主。自那之后,那位博主就在互联网上消失了,张露也失去了炒股路上唯一的指引。

如今,张露自认是货真价实的“韭菜”。她知道自己不懂,也不愿花心思研究,空有捞钱的幻想。在入市前所有美好构想落空之后,张露只有一个诉求——回本。

栗娜2022年跟着相亲认识的未婚夫冲入了股市,至今,丈夫仍是她的炒股军师。

原本在相识阶段让栗娜印象平平的未婚夫,因为一次意外的闲聊,扭转了自己在栗娜心中的形象。当时,他在车上突然讲起股票,栗娜很惊讶,“这不是赌博吗?”男人说不是,他给栗娜介绍股市的玩法,分析当下的行情,还讲到自己的操作,给她看账户上的盈利。

栗娜第一次认识炒股的人,那些炒股知识她听得迷迷糊糊,但男人说起股市中的运筹帷幄和成功战绩令眼前的这个男人释放出一种魅力。她觉得他“好不一样,好厉害”。

经不住几次三番的诱惑,栗娜跟着他投了三千块进去。当时她月薪六千,当天就“红”了一百多块。最初的兴奋感很难忘怀,一百块的甜头让她初次尝到股市的魔力,也让栗娜对这个男人的崇拜升级。陆陆续续地,她放了十几万进去。几个月后,她的账户就有了一万七千元左右的的浮盈。

那时,栗娜跟好朋友说自己在炒股,朋友劝她收手,她听不进去。她对股市充满信心,还想赚更多。丈夫更是狂热。他炒了两年多,挣了三四万,后来,每个月的工资一到账,除开房贷和日常开销,他就统统投进股市。

一切顺利的时候,栗娜感知不到危险。

转折来得猝不及防,2024年开年后,丈夫突然接到了裁员通知,紧接着,就是两轮股票暴跌。栗娜的账户里,蒸发了二十几万元市值。

那段时间,栗娜感到一种深深的无力。看着亏损,她舍不得清仓离场,可是继续留在股市里,就只能看着它一天天地越来越少,甚至还要继续补仓来拉平亏损。栗娜陷入了纠结之中。

图片

图 | 《大时代》剧照

沉入水下的日子

等待回本的日子里,刘轩学着去感受短线波动中的情绪周期,“涨得很高的时候,很可能就要进入退潮期了,千万不能在这时候买入。”又比如“这个股票这两天一直在跌,说明它的走势已经很弱,但如果第三天突然来了一个高开,那就说明这个票走强了,有资金进去了,你就可以去追一把。”

这个策略确实帮他回了些本。有段时间,他观察到机器人板块走势很强,有一支股票连着两天“烂板”,多次涨停后封板、解封再封板。刘轩预判它第三天应该开始走弱、低开。结果第三天,这支股票高开。刘轩趁势追了进去,在预判走势到头时卖出。

这次操作,他追回了2000元。卖出后,这支股票还在接着上涨。刘轩复盘经验,发现他忽略了交易当天的一则新闻:这个公司跟一家势头正盛的通信公司合作了。那天机器人板块的走势已经到头,大部分的股票都开始下跌,但因为这条合作新闻,这一支逆势上扬。

这次经历让刘轩感到自己的进步。他愈发相信股市有规律,而炒股是一门学问。他看到市场上一些在稳定赚钱的人,“不一定每次出手都会赚,但在概率学上总体赚大于亏,最终账户不停上涨。”但他也觉得,对于不懂的人来说,它确实就是一场赌博,比如10月8号跟着人群盲目追进去的自己。

为了感受市场情绪,他加了很多股民群。他觉得有些人在这方面实在没有悟性,总是固执地追问自己所持股票的未来走势,还会不会涨?其实群里所有人都知道那支股票的周期已经过去,只是持股人付出了真金白银的代价,在心理上始终不肯接受亏损。

在炒股群里,不理智的股民们很容易被带着走。在一些群里,早上开盘,汇率有点变动,大家就开始吵着要“拉爆A股”,开盘二十分钟后开始下跌,一群人就又开始嚷嚷“快出货”,恐慌的情绪被放大,经验不够的新股民很难保持平静。

刘轩觉得这些想投机又不研究的人赔钱是活该,“听别人推荐就想暴富,想来牛市薅一波韭菜,其实自己才是那个韭菜。”

有时候,刘轩会想,“回本”二字带来的执念太深,以至于他错过了一些正确决策的时刻。

他错过了一个重要的下午。

入场次日就亏损6000元之后,刘轩没有着急撤出。后来,他如愿等来一波上涨趋势,逐渐趋近回本线,账户里股票的市值一度回到了5万8千元。

当时,刘轩隐约感觉,这一波涨幅已接近尾声。但是回本近在眼前,他实在舍不得撤退,想着等到第二天再迎来小幅上涨便可直接回本。

一念之间,他选择观望。过了夜,到第二天开盘,他又看到了“断崖式”下滑,账户里股票的市值从前一天的5万8千元,跌回了5万3千元。一夜之间,5千元的距离,他不敢再耽搁,决定狠心割肉。卖掉了一部分股票,有一些跌停的,卖都卖不掉。事后他回忆那天:“只能眼睁睁看着它一直跌。那一次是最伤的,也是长教训最多的。”

等待回本是一段难熬的日子。对张露来说尤是如此。

偶尔,她回去看一些博主的分析,跟着他们操作。有赚,也有亏。综合来看,她感觉博主们说的都不一定对,“没有人真的懂市场”。

因为操心回本的事,她觉得自己老了好几岁。

晚上翻来覆去睡不着,连着几天不洗澡,不停刷手机,看五花八门的博主讲股市观点,忧心忡忡地熬到凌晨,稀里糊涂入睡。魂仿佛跟着股票的价值蒸发掉了。每天中午醒来,她不刷牙洗脸,蓬头垢面下楼。久久不能回本的股票占据了她的全部心力,她感觉人生无望,连喜欢的男生都不愿意搭理了。

自入股市开始,开盘的每一分钟,张露都想去看走势。领导布置的任何工作任务,都让她感到烦躁,她的心思全到股票上去了。开会的时候,张露也拿着手机偷偷看盘,领导讲了什么,一句都听不进去。

其实对于张露来说,根本没必要每分每秒地盯盘,她做的是长线,她自己也知道,“我没有玩短线的资本”。但她还是想去看,为了心情的愉悦。有时候,看一眼,涨了,飞来横财确实让人心旷神怡,连领导的批评都变成轻飘飘的过眼云烟,全无所谓,“反正赚钱了,干什么都很开心”。

要是跌了,心里就开始不爽。最生气的还是那次,那支股票张露前一天就想好了,等第二天开盘就卖掉,结果第二天被派去开会。会议禁止使用手机,她心急如焚,始终找不到看手机的机会,害怕被通告批评,那支股票就在她看不到大盘的时候一路狂跌。

这种对股市的牵肠挂肚,在账户陷入亏本后愈加焦灼。她只想赶紧了结烂摊子,为股票涨跌牵肠挂肚的痛苦她无法忍受,但更不能接受亏损,于是只能苦等。

有时候,她想着如果能等到回本那天,她会拿回那80万的存款,去买套房。

以前张露的哥哥赔光了钱,家里怕他再挥霍,结婚时不再给他买新房,把市区的房子给了他作婚房。妈妈不想打扰小夫妻的生活,自己一个人回了农村。她想把妈妈接回城里,跟自己一起住。

亏损骤来时,最是栗娜的生活需要用钱的时间。

年初,她正处于孕期,盘算着孩子出生后各项支出所需的钱财,心绪日渐焦灼。她总觉得愧疚,因为觉得自己注定要亏待孩子:“(如今的我们)给不起孩子最好的,孩子一出生,就要陪我们省吃俭用。”而在此前,结婚典礼和买房消耗掉了丈夫的大半存款,其余的钱也都投入了股市。

日子本来应该很好过。栗娜的丈夫是摄影师。除了在公司的工作,还有自己的独立工作室,月收入可以达到三万,栗娜自己是幼师,有编制,年收入算起来也有十几万。在浙江衢州的小县城,这个收入供一家人生活绰绰有余。骤然间,栗娜的丈夫失去了稳定的收入,四处求职无果,手里的股票又在暴跌,每月还有5000多元房贷要换,一天几万元的亏损,让这个刚刚建立的小家,陷入了恐慌之中。

这半年来,栗娜没买过新衣服、新鞋子。为了省钱,她自己剪头发,连停车费也不舍得交,每次为了找个免费的停车点,都要把车停得远远的。

晚上总也睡不着,有一次做梦,她梦见股票涨停了。在梦里,她狂喜。醒来发现是一场梦,天亮了还要接受新一轮暴击,又是一阵心焦。

日子一天比一天压抑,两人的情绪都在崩溃边缘。晚上,丈夫抱着栗娜痛哭,说对不起她,不该让她炒股,没有给她好的生活。栗娜也哭,她同样感到绝望,但更怕丈夫想不开,只能强装乐观安慰他,“没关系,会好的。”第二天早上,她挺着大肚子开车去上班,一个人边开边哭,不敢让丈夫看到。

在这样的痛苦中挣扎了几个月后,2024年7月份,宝宝顺利地降临了。新生命给了夫妻二人清仓的决心,“不能再亏下去了”。夫妻俩把账户清零,几年炒股,得到的是二十几万的亏损。

循环

炒股之后,漫无目的的日子有了依托,刘轩也说不清楚,“这算一种爱好还是算什么?”总之,炒股之后,他每天会在九点半开盘前起床,抖擞精神,提前浏览相关新闻,关注上证指数波动,感受市场情绪,定下今天大致的操作策略。三点收盘后,他会复盘今天的操作,哪里不对,下次改进。炒股让他的生活变得充实而规律。

有时,刘轩反思自己为什么会亏到1万8。刘轩做的是短线交易,每天都会操作买入卖出。大好行情让他没法等待长线回升,每天看着别的股票都在上涨,别人都在赚钱,他不能忍受自己的钱被套住不动,踏空感让他焦躁。如果一支股票一直亏损,看不见涨势,他就会割肉开始买别的,但很可能在涨势时买入,马上又迎来了下跌。

炒股的过程中,他也感到在跟自己的人性博弈。刚开始从ETF转投个股时,刘轩不敢重仓,轻仓买入多支,分散风险。这一批里也有大赚的,收益率很高,二十几个点,但因为本金太少实际收益不高。他感到懊悔,觉得自己错过良机,出手又开始大胆起来,重仓买入,然后就是三次失利。都是同样的错误,追涨妖股,因为贪心没能及时撤出,吃了好几个跌停,卖都卖不掉,亏了三四千。金额其实也不算太大,但同样的错误连犯三次,他无法原谅自己。这一天他把股票全部清仓,挣的、赔的,一口气全卖了,不再看盘,休整了一天,第二天重整旗鼓从零开始布局。

入市近三个月,刘轩感到自己的操作水平大大提升,逐渐能把握住追涨杀跌的节奏,在其中感受到乐趣。10月入市,他交了两个月的“学费”,12月,他的账户开始回升,只是离回本始终差了一口气,盈利了一阵子后,免不了又迎来一波颓势,他还在耐心等待。

栗娜和丈夫始终还是无法放弃股市。孩子长到4个多月时,2024年10月,栗娜和丈夫重新进场。当时,她的丈夫找到了新的工作,尽管薪资只有以前的一半。

栗娜直言,她自知自己是“被股票耍得团团转”,但是,她还是念念不忘那亏损的二十多万元,想通过股票,重新把亏掉的本钱赚回来。

有时栗娜觉得,炒股失败带来的也许并不都是伤害,经此一役她觉得自己对于财富的得失能看开了,心态磨练出来,“有钱就多花点,没钱就少花点。钱去了还能挣回来,身体健康就好。”

“说是贪欲也好,不甘心也好。炒股的人,挣到了钱也不会走掉的,因为你(会)想要更多的钱。亏了钱,更不会走,就像我现在一样,不会走。”栗娜说。

2024年10月8日,张露终于回到了水上。当天,股市逼近涨停高开,她持续的亏损一夜之间回了本,甚至盈利了8万元。

回到水上那一天,她没有把原本“回本就撤退”的计划提到跟前。转身,她计划着借杠杆继续向前冲。

她从各类借贷平台东拼西凑,借了20多万元。发现借贷的钱不能直接进股市,她就先转给妈妈,再让妈妈转给她。当时她还以为自己能从这波牛市里挣个二十万,“国家不是要给我们发钱嘛,大家都这么说”。

当天下午3点前,张露没有执行交易卖出所有的股票。

她再次留了下来。

追加的股票一路下跌。在上了杠杆后,亏损带来的压力成倍增加,那段日子张露过得心惊肉跳,后来实在承受不住,“宁愿亏本我也要还”。她把一支股票卖了,亏损5万6,用提现出来的钱把借款还了。她觉得放着不动,可能以后会涨回来,但是张露受不了,她没那个耐心,她想过回平静的生活,不想再被股市“玩弄”。这笔钱借了不到一个月,利息还了四千多。

她的心情始终不能回归平静,一想到千载难逢的回本机会就这样错过,一颗心就紧紧地揪起来,悔恨万分。市场的狂热更让她焦躁,她不再能说服自己接受亏损,“全世界都在挣钱,就我一个人还在跌”。

张露记得,10月10日,全天特大单与大单都与散户操作完全背离,当股市下跌,散户出货,机构就开始吸入;股指拉高,散户追涨,机构就开始抛售。全天机构继续净流出,而新的散户继续大幅增持。行情让张露看清了:“散户都是韭菜”。

她陷入了某种循环。

张露做了最差的打算,股票每年分红,那支酒业集团的股票,股息能到3%左右,跟银行利率差不多,大不了就吃一辈子股息。最要紧的是控制住自己,张露现在手上现金只有2万块,算是接下来几个月的生活费,想补仓也补不了了,“只能老老实实躺平,它啥时候回来我啥时候卖”。

*应讲述者要求,文中人物信息有模糊

中国新闻周刊|再曝非正常死亡,“指居”制度何去何从?

CDT 档案卡
标题:再曝非正常死亡,“指居”制度何去何从?
作者:作者名
发表日期:2024.1.2
来源:中国新闻周刊
主题归类:指定居所监视居住
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

2024年12月19日,邢燕军的追思会在北京举行。在追思会上,他的家人拿着一张公安机关作出的撤案决定书进行宣读,上面写着“因为没有犯罪事实,决定撤销此案”。

47岁的邢燕军曾担任优友互动(北京)科技有限公司总经理。2023年11月8日,内蒙古呼伦贝尔市新左旗公安局办案人员跨越1500多公里,远赴北京,以涉嫌开设赌场罪等为由,对上述公司包括邢燕军在内的14人展开抓捕行动。

在新左旗检察院已经作出不批捕决定之后,邢燕军等人本可以被取保候审。但同年12月,邢燕军等12人被新左旗警方采取指定居所监视居住(以下简称“指居”)措施。

2024年4月3日,邢燕军在指居房间内被发现非正常死亡。12月6日,新左旗公安局作出撤销案件决定书。这意味着,邢燕军公司被抓的14人,集体被宣告无罪。此时,离邢燕军死亡已过去了247天。

邢燕军案引起了社会关注,“指居”制度也再次成为法学界热议的话题。

我国《刑事诉讼法》规定了五种强制措施,其中拘留与逮捕属于羁押措施,拘传、监视居住与取保候审都属于非羁押措施。监视居住制度本是刑事诉讼中较轻缓的强制措施,按照规定,符合逮捕条件,有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,可以监视居住:患有严重疾病、生活不能自理的;怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女;系生活不能自理的人的唯一扶养人;因为案件的特殊情况或者办理案件的需要,采取监视居住措施更为适宜的;羁押期限届满,案件尚未办结,需要采取监视居住措施的。另外,对符合取保候审条件,但犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不能提出保证人,也不交纳保证金的,可以监视居住。

“指居”是监视居住的一种。《刑事诉讼法》规定,监视居住应当在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的住处执行;无固定住处的,可以在指定的居所执行。对于涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪,在住处执行可能有碍侦查的,经上一级公安机关批准,也可以在指定的居所执行。

不过,最高人民检察院官网曾刊文提到,“指居”的执行方式的羁押性和非羁押性界限并不清晰,在实践中往往被异化为变相羁押。北京师范大学法学院教授左坚卫曾撰文称,近年来,被非法“指居”并在其间遭受刑讯逼供的刑事案件当事人不在少数。

当前恰逢《刑事诉讼法》即将修改,法学界围绕“指居”制度展开了是改是废的讨论。多位受访者告诉《中国新闻周刊》,目前,我国还没有建立起完善的“指居”规范体系,包括“指居”场所需要具备什么标准、需要哪些外部监管措施、怎么保障嫌疑人“指居”期间会见律师的权利、怎么约束办案机关的自由裁量权等,这些还没有达成共识。

被异化为“变相羁押”

“在长达6个月的‘指居’期间,我不能走出房间,窗户24小时处于封闭状态,也不允许看电视和看书。”孙晓凯(化名)这样讲述自己的“指居”生活。

在涉及邢燕军等人的案件中,孙晓凯系该案第二被告人。北京市京都律师事务所律师马立喜担任其辩护律师。马立喜回忆,他曾多次提交律师意见给办案机关,认为该案不构成犯罪、不符合“指居”条件。

根据《刑事诉讼法》第七十四条的规定,监视居住适用的前提是符合《刑事诉讼法》第八十一条规定的逮捕条件。司法实务当中,如果检察院在审查批准逮捕阶段,以“事实不清、证据不足”为由决定不批准逮捕,公安机关即便需要继续侦查,在此情况下可将嫌疑人取保候审,而不是监视居住。

孙晓凯的经历并非少数,早在2016年,北京市尚权律师事务所发布过《新刑诉法实施调研项目数据报告(2015)》,调研项目访问了全国574名律师,超过60%的被访者认为,侦查程序中监视居住的法律实施存在适用条件方面的问题,即侦查机关使用随意,裁量权太大。

从立法本意看,“指居”其实并非一种羁押措施。中国人民大学法学院诉讼法教研室主任刘计划告诉《中国新闻周刊》:“‘指居’旨在保障无固定住处的犯罪嫌疑人适用监视居住而免于被逮捕进而被羁押,可是在实务中‘指居’的性质已被严重异化,沦为比看守所羁押更为不利的一种变相羁押,‘指居’地点往往成了与世隔绝的变相羁押场所,这完全背离了立法原意,也是立法者始料未及的。”

清华大学法学院教授张建伟曾撰文回溯经历三次修改的《刑事诉讼法》对“指居”的规定。1979年,《刑事诉讼法》第38条第二款规定:“被监视居住的被告人不得离开指定的区域。监视居住由当地公安派出所执行,或者由受委托的人民公社、被告人的所在单位执行。”

张建伟说,那时的嫌疑人、被告人统称为“被告人”,从这一措施的适用看,监视居住是一种非羁押措施,嫌疑人、被告人的活动范围虽然受到限制,但没有剥夺其人身自由。

1996年,《刑事诉讼法》第一次修改,首次将监视居住的“住处”分为了固定住处和指定的居所。2012年再次修改时,《刑事诉讼法》对“指居”正式作出了明确规定:“监视居住应当在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的住处执行;无固定住处的,可以在指定的居所执行。对于涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、特别重大贿赂犯罪,在住处执行可能有碍侦查的,经上一级人民检察院及公安机关批准,也可以在指定的居所执行。但是,不得在羁押场所、专门的办案场所执行。”

2018年,为与《监察法》衔接,《刑事诉讼法》第三次修改后,规定适用“指居”主要包括两种情况:一是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人没有固定住处而需要监视居住的;二是犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌危害国家安全、恐怖活动犯罪,且在住处执行可能有碍侦查的。

虽然《刑事诉讼法》对“指居”的适用条件作了规定,但在黑龙江省高院刑二庭原法官、北京和昶律师事务所律师杨照东看来,“上有政策,下有对策,针对在当地有固定住所的嫌疑人,有的公安机关也会想法实现‘指居’目的”。

他告诉《中国新闻周刊》,2023年,他在江苏省某区办理一个案件,嫌疑人在当地有固定住所,当地公安机关就将该案改变管辖到另外一个其没有固定住所的县,进而对其“指居”。20天后,办案人员拿到了口供,次日就将其解除“指居”,转回了原来的区。

“我向法院提出,公安机关涉嫌为取得口供而改变管辖进而‘指居’。后来,检察院把‘指居’期间的口供从控方证据中撤出了,不再作为指控犯罪的证据。”杨照东说。

杭州市警察协会特约研究员、杭州市公安局拱墅区分局一级警长童晓辉具备公职律师和公安部高级执法资格,他告诉《中国新闻周刊》,此前对于如何理解《刑事诉讼法》中“固定住处”的概念,实践中确实有分歧。比如某市直属分局立案侦查的刑事案件,该直属分局驻地为A区,犯罪嫌疑人在本市B区有固定住处,若要对犯罪嫌疑人监视居住,是应该在其B区固定住处执行监视居住,还是因为其在A区没有固定住处而要指定居所监视居住?针对这些问题,公安部已发布典型案例进行指导,某市直属分局受理案件的范围为全市,犯罪嫌疑人在本市有固定住处,应该在其住处执行监视居住,否则,存在滥用指定居所监视居住、变相羁押的问题。

正如曾挂任最高人民检察院刑事执行检察厅副厅长的中国人民大学法学院教授、诉讼案例研究中心主任李奋飞告诉《中国新闻周刊》的,实践中“指居”不仅有被滥用的趋势,更面临着制度异化的问题,其强制程度甚至可能超过拘留逮捕措施。

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(资料图片)在一次针对指定居所监视居住场所开展的集中演练中,法警配合值班医护人员,对突发疾病的犯罪嫌疑人开展检查、救治。

“脱离监督”易突破口供?

多位法学界人士认为,在公安机关办案时,我国《刑事诉讼法》规定的强制措施中,“指居”措施颇受青睐。

究其原因,根据张建伟的分析,主要源于其多重便利性,包括不在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人自己的居所和看守所进行人身自由的限制,更便于施加控制以及对场所进行操控,指定的居所变成了实际的办案场所,也方便取供,监视居住可以长达6个月,时间宽裕等。

北京市尚权律师事务所的上述报告也指出,执行监视居住的手段或方法有不合理之处,变相拘羁押审讯嫌疑人的情况也较多,占比52.7%。

有媒体援引某派出所一位原教导员仇某的话说,《刑事诉讼法》规定,逮捕一般情况下只能羁押2个月。对比而言,“指居”的审讯时间更为充分。

一名律师向《中国新闻周刊》透露,在他了解的一起案件中,8名嫌疑人被“指居”在同一间房屋内,房屋中间设置了从屋顶到地板的防护栏,甚至,“8人中还有一名是女性”。

2024年6月13日,最高检发布一批指导性案例,其中包含发生在江苏的一起嫌疑人反映其在“指居”期间遭刑讯逼供的情况,包括遭受殴打及饥饿、违法使用戒具、疲劳讯问等变相肉刑手段。最后,针对刑讯逼供,该案两名侦查人员被依法追究刑事责任。嫌疑人在“指居”期间所作的有罪供述也被依法排除。

在“指居”期间遭遇刑讯逼供的案例不止于此。据多家媒体报道,2022年7月7日,34岁的河北省某县住房城乡建设局的工作人员暴钦瑞等9人被以涉嫌寻衅滋事为由,被带到宾馆“指居”。13天后,暴钦瑞在“指居”期间离世。

2024年4月22日,暴钦瑞的家人见到了最高检司法鉴定中心出具的尸检报告。结论是,暴钦瑞死于肺动脉血栓栓塞引起的急性呼吸循环功能衰竭。这与他生前遭受长期限制性体位、反复机械性损伤、电击损伤等有关。

暴家代理律师、华东师范大学法学院教授佀化强告诉《中国新闻周刊》,2025年1月,上述事件中的公安局8名办案人员涉刑讯逼供一案将在保定市莲池区人民法院开庭审理。

上述问题之所以会产生,原因之一是“指居”有时处于监管的中空地带。浙江省一位受访的刑警告诉《中国新闻周刊》,便于办案确实是公安机关对嫌疑人“指居”的重要原因。不过,他们“指居”时,会主动向同级检察院报备,检察院也会过来查看“指居”场所是否符合要求,“指居”期间全程录音录像也要提供给检察院。

但还有多位受访者称,从法律规定来说,公安机关决定“指居”时,并不需要主动向检察院报备。刘计划表示,因为“指居”的立法本意不是羁押,因此,公安机关采取“指居”措施时,无须向检察机关报备或经其批准。

一位受访的警方人士告诉《中国新闻周刊》,只有针对被检察院逮捕之后的犯罪嫌疑人,公安机关将其变更为监视居住、取保候审等情形,公安机关才需要依法通知检察院。

在山东省一名检察官眼中,虽然按照《刑事诉讼法》规定,检察机关有权也有义务对“指居”进行法律监督,但很多时候,检察机关对公安机关采取“指居”措施并不知情,因此,难以对其监督。

“实践中,‘指居’成为办案机关控制的封闭场所,尤其沦为获得讯问便利的秘密场所,检察机关的监督大多形同虚设。”刘计划说。

还有多位受访者表示,在“指居”期间,辩护律师会见被监视居住人的申请常常受到办案机关的限制。北京市尚权律师事务所主任毛立新告诉《中国新闻周刊》,“指居”地点往往都是保密的,这导致律师会见时,难以找到公安机关对接的人去办理会见手续。即使申请了,也经常迟迟没法会见。

多位受访者表示,被“指居”者普遍认为,因为“指居”存在缺少监督等,他们更渴望被羁押在看守所。

执业律师代存田告诉《中国新闻周刊》,设置看守所的目的就是实现羁押与审讯的分离。尽管看守所也隶属公安部门,但毕竟是独立的职能部门,负责嫌疑人的审前羁押与管护。这些年来,看守所管理越来越规范,被羁押者的人身安全、休息、饮食保障有很大改善。提审者必须到看守所履行提审手续,遵守看守所的管理规定进行审讯。

改废之争

2023年9月,第十四届全国人大常委会公布立法规划,修改《刑事诉讼法》被列入第一类项目,即“条件比较成熟、任期内拟提请审议的法律草案”。此后,全国人大常委会法工委多次就《刑事诉讼法》新一轮修改广泛调研,听取意见。

《刑事诉讼法》被称为“小宪法”,足见其重要性。而在其四修时,“指居”制度是改是废也备受关注。

南开大学法学院教授高通告诉《中国新闻周刊》,针对“指居”,现在我国还没有建立起一套完善的规范体系,比如“指居”的场所需要具备什么标准、“指居”期间需要哪些外部监管措施、怎么保障“指居”期间律师的会见权利、怎么约束办案机关的自由裁量权等。

在多位受访的警方办案人士看来,“指居”依然有现实需求,不宜废除。一些受访的警方人士认为,经过几次修改,现行《刑事诉讼法》已对“指居”做了比较客观可行的修正。

广东省一位刑警告诉《中国新闻周刊》,“指居”和取保候审都是强制措施之一,可以互相补充。他曾遇到过有犯罪嫌疑人在取保候审期间,为逃避刑罚而长期反复怀孕的案例。“这种情况下,‘指居’可维护法律尊严。如果废除‘指居’,法律的执行将会有漏洞。”

高通也表示,我国前三次修改《刑事诉讼法》时,法学界就有呼声取消“指居”,但因为彼时逮捕率持续在高位,“指居”还是被当作逮捕的替代性措施保留了下来。此外,2012年第二次修改《刑事诉讼法》时,《监察法》尚未推出,保留“指居”,还有出于将“双规”法治化的考量。

在北京大学法学院教授陈永生看来,“指居”制度完全废除的可能性不大,客观上这项制度仍有存在的现实需要。有些人在办案机关所在地的确没有固定住所,也没钱租房,只能适用“指居”。

高通同样认为,完全废除“指居”制度有一定难度,他倾向于将其保留,但必须严格规定,限制适用。“该制度现在主要的问题是被滥用、缺乏监管,如果能够将其纳入监管的话,‘指居’可以起到降低羁押率等作用。”

那么,如果保留,今后又将如何严格限制“指居”制度适用空间?高通举例说,居所分为指定居所和普通住所,办案机关选择哪种居所应该慎重;“指居”的审批手续今后也应作明确的细化。

刘计划则表示,如果刑诉法修改要保留“指居”制度,应当全面还原“指居”的本质并予以完善,以规范“指居”的执行,完善并落实检察机关对“指居”决定与执行的监督,切实保障辩护律师的会见与通信权。

不过,刘计划还是认为,基于“指居”制度积弊太深,直接予以废除亦不失为釜底抽薪的立法选择。

李奋飞也建议,全国人大常委会或需对“指居”制度等《刑事诉讼法》的实施情况开展执法检查,如果不能通过彻底改造有效解决该制度被滥用、被异化的问题,《刑事诉讼法》修改时应该考虑对其予以废除。

中国政法大学终身教授陈光中则在今年发出呼吁,应当彻底取消“指居”制度。

他与中国政法大学刑事司法学院博士研究生魏家淦在今年第五期《中国刑事法杂志》发文称,《刑事诉讼法》再修改应当将合法性原则、相当性原则、变更性原则作为刑事强制措施适用的基本原则。技术性的修法已不能实现“指居”制度的立法目的,应当彻底取消“指居”制度,其功能可被改进后的取保候审所取代。

中国政法大学刑事司法学院教授罗翔也持相似观点。他告诉《中国新闻周刊》,“指居”制度很容易被滥用,其严厉性远超逮捕这种强制措施,即便它可以起到某种积极作用,但是弊大于利,法律无法追求最好,只能避免最坏。废除“指居”制度应该是一个比较不坏的选择。

高通认为,目前,《刑事诉讼法》第四次修改还处于广泛调研阶段,尚未有特别明确的修改思路。因此,有必要引导各界广泛讨论,这有利于修改时缩小意见分歧。

作者不详|纪念李医生被训诫5周年

CDT 档案卡
标题:纪念李医生被训诫5周年
作者:作者不详
发表日期:2025.1.3
来源:社交媒体截图
主题归类:李文亮
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

他有关的几个日子都会被反复提起。今天是他被训诫5周年。

其他还包括他发出警报的日子和他死亡的日子。三个日子,代表三种意义。

他是新冠时代中国人命运的象征:向社会发出警报的专业人士被打压、约谈,最终失声、死亡,而全社会接下来付出了极大的代价。

他日渐成为很多人的“信仰”,每天都有人在他微博上留言,讲述自己的点点滴滴:失业、失恋,生活中的不如意,也有人生的坚持和进步。

他成为很多人的倾诉对象。这是因为他是“人间的至善”。当然,人们知道他只是普通人,单纯、明亮、善良;好好读书,考上大学,找份工作,靠专业吃饭;有基本的职业操守,胆小怕事,被警察约谈,老老实实写下“能““明白”,签下自己的名字。

正是这种普通让他成为“每一个人”,他是“社会的共识”,也见证了社会的溃败。人们纪念他,不过是保持一种最低限度的质疑,一点倔强。

这种漫长的纪念,是一种建构和创造,也是伤痛和不甘心。虽然微弱,甚至卑微,但在本质上也和当初北岛的“我不相信”一致。

在获得真正的道歉之前,这种怀念和疑问,就不会停止。“一个健康的社会不能只有一种声音”,这是他说的。而训诫书上的“明白”,其实是每个人共同签下的一一这再次证明,“一种声音”的力量何其强大,这正是李医生用生命的代价换来的教训。

他的死是自己生命的终点,却应该社会的某种起点。

iWeekly周末画报|文学杂志纷纷停刊,这位主编却说“我们还在继续”

CDT 档案卡
标题:文学杂志纷纷停刊,这位主编却说“我们还在继续”
作者:Emin
发表日期:2025.1.1
来源:iWeekly周末画报
主题归类:小鸟文学
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

在刚过去的2024年年底,文学界坏消息不断。文学出版物停刊的新闻、线上文学内容停止服务的消息接二连三,种种情况让我们不禁会怀疑:文学在当下是不是不行了?

纸媒衰弱、书店关店潮,其实文学的“式微”已是老生常谈,大家一边看着莫言、余华、苏童等大作家上综艺,讲过去自己写作、投稿、成名的故事,一边则唏嘘文学的黄金时代不再。

依赖情怀和愿景造势一时,但是现实是残酷的。为此我们找到“小鸟文学”的主编杨樱聊了聊,从她身上我们发现,我们对文学的爱,不过就是对生活以及所有可能性最真诚的爱。

文学的黄昏?

前不久《书城》杂志发布休刊公告,宣布2025年1月1日起休刊。《书城》杂志创刊于1993年,曾经数度改版,经历多次停刊复刊。杂志海派风格鲜明,内容丰富,栏目众多,每一期内容都呈现出不同的阅读趣味,曾经一度被称为中国最像《纽约客》的杂志。无独有偶,在年底的时候,《文学报》也以交出“推进主流媒体系统性变革”的说法,宣布2025年暂停纸质版的独立邮发。

不只是传统出版物,线上文学内容似乎也光景不好。一年出12卷的线上付费订阅文学杂志《小鸟文学》也迎来2024年12月31日停止更新的日子,服务完最后一个订阅读者之后暂停服务。一度被视为国内文学播客先行者的“可以听的文学杂志”跳岛FM前不久官方宣布了现有团队解散的消息,并更新了最后一期《第218期:自由潜水特别版:上岛吃饭,虽然是散伙饭》。

以上种种情况会让很多人不禁会怀疑:文学的黄昏是不是就在眼前了?纸媒衰弱、书店关店潮,其实文学的“式微”已是老生常谈。但其实就算行业坏消息频发,依旧还是有不少文学品牌依旧在前行,不仅不断有新品牌冒出来,而且不少原来的品牌也根据自身情况调整后有了更好的发展。

在拥抱不确定的当下,或许有一点是确定的:文学的发展未来会如何,不仅需要时间来证明,同样也需要我们这一代人的努力。

小鸟文学

2021年“小鸟文学Aves”App上线,作为一款付费线上文学杂志,它精准攒聚了一众年轻的文学爱好者,尤其是最初“小鸟文学Aves”开出的高于文学刊物的稿酬一时间令诸多文学爱好者精神为之一振,并引发众多文学创作者关注。它在2021年获得刀锋图书奖“年度阅读平台”。

“小鸟文学Aves”App上线的时候主编杨樱说:“小鸟代表自由,有时代表高度,我们叫小鸟,因为我们还向往一点天空上的事。”3年后,小鸟即将和我们告别,杨樱又说:

“文学本身不是为了某个目的而产生的,如果一定要说什么目的,它是为了成为经典和永恒。”

因为没有目的,也就无所谓成功与失败。对于小鸟的停止更新,杨樱不以为意:“App的内容停止更新不代表我们的工作停了,我们还会一直做,还会用不同的形式去呈现。”

在小鸟运营的3年多时间里出了不少杰出作品。2022年,伦敦政经学院的人类学博士生周雨霏的非虚构作品《驯服与被驯服的:在拉萨繁育藏獒》在小鸟首发,之后被大众知晓,拿了不少文学奖项。这篇关于藏獒和女性的故事既有社会研究者的学术严谨性,也不乏创作文学感,“我们找周雨霏约稿,结果都超出了我们的预期。”杨樱用周雨霏的例子向我们解释小鸟文学的独一无二性,“我们多少提供了一些市面上没有的、有创新型的内容,一般人可能不会写。”

比起专业作者,集聚素人写作者的“24 小时文学聚会”栏目更是小鸟独特的典型体现。“这是个素人投稿的栏目,很多作者非常年轻,90后95后甚至00后,他们的文字一看就是没什么规则,是没有被规范过的表达。可能看上去有点野,题材也非常野。一般常规的文学杂志是不会接这些题材这些文章的,但是小鸟就会发表。”

image

敬美好生活

即使“小鸟文学”停更,杨樱是不会停的。自始至终,文学只是杨樱创造美好生活途径的一个分身。至于何为美好生活,要追溯到10年前。

2014年社交媒体初起,杨樱和伊险峰带着团队打着“何为美好生活”的口号上线了《好奇心日报》。凭借着高质量的PGC(Professionally Generated Content)输出,《好奇心日报》讲述在消费主义下如何更好生活,其商业洞察、生活方式和年轻中产的内容核心精准打中20-40岁之间、关注商业、科技、互联网“高精尖”人群,一时间《好奇心日报》和杨樱名利双收。只是4年后的政治环境对内容的自由度产生极大限制,两人做出关停的决定。产品是关停了,但是做内容的心从来没有放弃。之后某一天,投资人找到他们,希望他们再试一试媒体平台。“我们第一反应当然是好,并且我们决定依然围绕‘何为美好生活’这件事。不过,新闻是不能做了,那我们不如就转向文学好了。于是小鸟就诞生了。某种程度上,‘小鸟’和‘好奇心’是一脉相承的,‘小鸟’是‘何为美好生活’文学向的衍生。”

说干就干,2021年“小鸟文学”上线,定位成一款专注于提供高质量文学内容的阅读平台,内容涵盖虚构文学和非虚构文学。“小鸟”提供付费阅读服务,由杨撄担任主编,编辑委员会由彭伦、李静睿、曾梦龙、伊险峰等人组成。“在世界变得模糊不定之时,让文学杂志的价值是在一个崩坏的语言环境里,让人保持对文字的敬意”——这是编辑们口中的小鸟文学,也是杨樱心里的“美好生活”。

image

Q:作为一个线上的软件内容主编,和传统出版的主编有什么不同的地方吗?

杨樱:我觉得挑稿子严格是我们的一个特点。我们有一个三个人的文学小组来审稿,我们三个人对每一篇稿子投票,要得到三票的稿子才能上刊。

做小鸟我们还有一些比较犟的部分,我们希望用不同的形式去接触正在发生的话题。虽然文学不是新闻,但是我们想成为一个新闻的延长线。不能直接触碰,但是希望可以回应,哪怕是以从知识结构上作为回应都可以。这在我们的各个栏目中都能看到。我觉得这是我们和传统文学刊物最大的不同。也许可以说我们距离当下更近。

我觉得这种内容的“当代性”并不是线上和线下的区别,这是一种选择。你需要有一种对“当代性”探讨的欲望和动力,然后去落实。

传统的文学杂志,比如说最知名的《收获》《花城》《人民文学》等等,作品被刊载在这些杂志上已经是一种荣誉、一种社会认可,你被选中排上可能要等几个月甚至一两年,这种情况下它没有必要实现这种当代性。

Q:在大众认知中,文学就是理想主义的代名词,你同意这个说法吗?

杨樱:我觉得文学是理想主义代名词之一吧,理想主义太多了,它不只有文学。

我大学的时候有过一个经历。我当时看一本叫《植物的欲望》书,那本书是讲的四种日常植物的故事,其中讲到苹果。书中提到“苹果是如何驯化人类”的这件事,大意是说苹果得到被大范围普及播种其实并不是我们人类的选择,而是它吸引人类让人类繁殖它。我看完大受震撼,非常有感触,于是我在一次计算机课上和我身边的同学分享了这件事。我到现在都记得他看我的眼神,可以说毕生难忘。那种眼神不是好奇也不是责备,而是一种质疑,他质疑你为什么要和我说这么奇怪的东西。在他的认知里,这件事是一件没有用、没有价值的事情。在那个时候我好像就感觉到,我似乎和他们不太一样。

其实文学应该就是类似这种东西,没有目的性,没有实际价值。文学本身不是为了某个目的而产生的,如果一定要说什么目的,我觉得它为了成为经典和永恒。文学是值得做的事情,我现在也还有能力去做。

Q:你如何看待AI与创作的关系?

杨樱:我也刚开始玩这个东西,挺好玩,各种AI工具有各自擅长的,我会有时候用它写个诗、画个画,跟它玩一玩。很多初级工作AI可以完成的很好,比如说翻译,比如说写请假条、说明书。你如果说AI与创作的关系,我觉得它在努力模仿人类的思维模式,而且在学习速度上不可小觑。现在如果拿AI生成一段影像,可能真的还分不清到底是人工的还是AI的,从这个意义上来说AI是有创造力的。我觉得去评价AI的创造力其实要看操作AI的人。你如何训练它,它就会有何种的体现,你是什么水准,你就能把它用到什么水准。在这个意义上来说,AI是人类非常好的合作者。

本哈明·拉巴图特的《理性的疯狂梦》是一本讲述人工智能的长篇小说。它从冯诺依曼一直探讨到李世石,给我印象最深的地方就是它描写李世石败给了Alphago的部分。他有一个场景的描写,说李世石输掉比赛有一个很重要的原因是因为他的羞耻心,作为人类,他在做完一些行为之后他会有情感,这种情感可能是羞耻、懊悔也可能是感觉压力。Alphago与之相比最大的优势就是完全没有任何感情的干扰。比如在下了一步非常愚蠢的棋之后,Alphago毫无感觉,虽然操作它的科学家可能惭愧的无地自容;同样的事情发生在李世石身上他可能就会想死,也会影响他的下一步棋。

虽然我无法评价AI是不是一个很有创造力的作者,它的终极形态我也无法想象、更无法评判,但是我认为,AI是一定不会取代人类的。像书里写到的,无法产生感情可能是AI的优势,这也正是它无法取代人类的原因。只要你有足够的方法,AI是可以被预测的,它的路径和结果都是可以被推算出来的。但是人类因为有感情,所以不可预测。你不会知道突然之间去杀了个日本小孩的人在想什么,你也不会知道冲到广场上刺伤几十个人的人他在想什么,甚至连你身边亲近的朋友家人你都不理解他们在想什么。

我觉得人性的这种不可预测是创造力的来源。

Q:你最近在读什么书可以和我们分享下吗?有哪些书对你产生过很大的影响?

杨樱:我大学里看过一本小说叫《手提箱》,篇幅很短大概就5万字,作者是谢尔盖·多甫拉托夫,是一个流亡的苏联作家。前两天我碰到了他的另一部小说,叫《我们一家人》,他真的就是写了十三位个性鲜明、血肉丰满的亲人,读起来轻松诙谐很有趣,背后其实是有深刻意义的。多甫拉托夫在被译成简体中文好像就这两本书,06、07年左右出过一版后就没有再版了,现在好像只能在图书馆找到了。

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今年我非常集中的看了米兰·昆德拉的所有作品,除了话剧没有看其他应该都看过了。当然我以前就看过昆德拉,但是没什么印象,今年又重新再看觉得太喜欢了,把他列为我最喜欢的作者。我看到有八卦说为什么昆德拉没有得诺贝尔文学奖,是因为他太挑剔了。因为他这个的性格所以其他文学创作者和他的关系都不好,诺奖的评委也就自然不喜欢他。这个算是八卦野史,但我觉得挺有意思。

还有一个我很想向大家推荐的作家,齐格蒙特·鲍曼。他的书可以给你很多东西,所有东西都可以在他的书里找到答案,什么狗屁工作、什么工具人、什么女性主义,这些他都讲过,而且是20年前讲的。你很难想象一个人可以从集中营说到 TikTok,这个人太神奇了。

Q:小鸟文学的未来会如何?

杨樱:目前的状况就是我们打算暂停了。我们会更新到今年12月31日,是因为我们最后的一个订阅者订阅期间是这个,就算只有一个订阅者,我也要为他更新完。不过我想强调下,暂停的是付费部分的电子杂志,但是内容形式是我们自己定的,我们还会继续做内容,但可能不是以一月一卷的形式。具体是什么形式我还没有计划。其他新媒体平台上的更新我们还会继续。

极昼工作室|在极越最后的日子

CDT 档案卡
标题:在极越最后的日子
作者:魏荣欢
发表日期:2025.1.2
来源:极昼工作室
主题归类:时代的一粒沙
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

2024年末,极越汽车受到关注,是以一种不同寻常的倒掉方式。12月11日下午,内部全员会宣布开启“创业2.0”阶段,几小时后团队原地解散。

收到解散通知的时候,测试组长肖琴刚把接下来两周的工作做好分工安排,订了大包间组织团建,准备鼓舞士气。她来自河南农村,是家庭经济支柱,所在工区少有员工听到风声。“我今天还干活吗?”大家都懵了。

上海工区的整车软件开发工程师陆明,在公司闪崩前不久,被非正式通知部门解散,工作停滞。在他和同事们的视角中,上市分红的大饼一直在画,互联网病早已深入公司内部。极越宣布解散后,他在公司熬了一夜等谈判结果,第二天赶着去参加面试——冬天本来就不是应聘的好季节,他背着房贷,不能有断档期,在这个年末攒了五六个面试。

公司命运起落之下,多名员工回顾了他们身处其中的经历。


丢失的署名

12月11日星期三下午,距离团建聚餐还有一个多小时,肖琴发信息让调休的人早点到。

前一天刚到了5台新测试车,作为组长,她把外包人员分成两班轮休,打算周末加班。测试哪些场景、车速多少,规划已经排到了2025年Q2。担心前阵子公司有一半外包岗被裁,影响组员心态,她预订了公司十公里外的一家湘菜馆,那里有坐得下全组二十多人的大包间,想鼓舞士气。

收到消息,四五个调休人员不明情况,以为临时有活儿要支援。饭桌上,肖琴挨个划拉菜单,荤素搭配、冷热比例都顾不上了,够吃就行,点完菜她开口——“对不住大家,本来想年底之前肯定是稳的,不会再为工作奔波着急,好好干就行了。但现在是我们(正式员工)都会(被)开掉了。”

团建就这样吃成了告别宴。大家喝光了七瓶汾酒,互相感谢,还在吃胃药的男同事主动要喝,“最后一次了,你现在不喝啥时候喝?”肖琴记得,另一个话不多的员工拉着她不断重复,“琴姐,你以后一定要拉我”,这位员工三十来岁,媳妇正怀着二胎。

一桌子人几乎同时失业,这是肖琴怎么也没想到的。这天早上,她如常到公司,忙着准备资料,11点有个线上会。她所在的工区,不到二十名正式员工,外包人员一百多名,主要负责智能驾驶测试,每款车型投入量产前,要在这里通过一系列验证。

差几分钟就到开会时间,会议临时取消,研发和测试的主要负责人请假。这种事常有,她并没当回事。十二点半午饭时间,肖琴被拉进一个部门大群,上海总部的员工也在,有人说“赶紧宣判”,建群的领导说,“等我把手头上的工作忙完”。肖琴猜测,可能要裁员。

到了下午4点,CEO夏一平召开全体会,肖琴没听到“解散”两个字,反而解读出了积极的意味——会上说要进入2.0创业时代,“一场更加激烈的战斗即将到来……管理层将全力以赴,与大家共渡难关”。但会上也说,公司没钱给大家交11月的社保了,肖琴认为,“发不出来钱了而已”,她跟同事王浩宇说。

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极越汽车自诞生以来的日子。讲述者供图

王浩宇在一个小时前,本打算把存有数据的硬盘寄给供应商,上海总部的一个同事提醒他,“东西不寄了,保管好个人资产”。他早上刷到公司解散的小道消息,问资方同事,对方回答微妙,“老板会给出解释”。他猜测,公司出现了短期资金不足。

而在上海总部,员工陆明早有心理准备,已经在投简历面试了。陆明记得,11月底就传出裁员消息,外包50%,正式员工40%,没过一周,部门例会全部取消,工作暂停,领导也非正式地通知大家“自己找出路”。

听到CEO说,“如果现在签离职协议,还能去找下一家新公司把12月社保交了。”王浩宇心里做好的最坏打算是——可能未来几个月没有工资。会后,HR来谈离职方案,他还主动说:“我接受几个月没有工资,自己先垫钱交社保。”

这是多名员工的想法,跟公司共患难,以后企业上市,以元老级员工身份,拿到股权分红——这份信心来自百度、吉利两大股东背书,以及“懂车帝”的销量榜单。2024年9月,新款极越07上市之后,从外部数据来看,销量开始往上走,大家开始畅想,明年可能一个月卖到三五千台。“况且年底工作不好找,降薪或者去小公司还不如在这停薪留职捱几个月”,王浩宇说。

裁员通知传到肖琴,她始终不相信是全员裁员,发消息让调休的人早点到,“不管怎么说先把饭(团建聚餐)吃了”。

第二天(12月12日)上午10点,她和同事们相约去和HR谈社保断缴和赔偿金,才知道公司一夜之间没有了。HRBP只有两句话,“我也不知道”“我不能决定”,有人提出跟上一级HR谈,对方推脱,“下周我也不在这了”。

工区开始出现混乱。王浩宇见到,一名外包员工赔偿谈得不顺利,从试驾车里拿走逆变器、灭火器,发泄不满,眼看要拿走桌上的硬盘,被王浩宇拦下。他赶紧收拾挂在自己名下的资产——上万的设备带回家,剩下的堆进测试车,开到工区外一处人少的地方锁起来。

他们所在工区,价值1000万的测试机器人、20多万的扫描仪,7000多块的椅子,分散挂在各员工名下。之前这些设备放在靠门很近的地方,方便拖出去测试。“现在公司的任何一个地方都是不安全。”王浩宇的这句话很快应验。

当天下午五六点,来了几家供应商,开叉车和板车,想要把测试车带走抵债。一楼车间的卷帘门敞开,王浩宇看见有个男的坐进一辆测试车不出来,但因为没有电子钥匙卡启动不了。另一个穿深色羽绒服的中年男人说来拿钱,尾款还没结,王浩宇搭话:“别找我,我也是要钱的。”

当公司进入无管理状态

12月12日这天,听说另一个工区有丢微波炉的,肖琴开始清点组内资产,把小件收进纸箱搬到车间,和贵重的测试机器人放在一起,用四辆车把设备放在车间深处的一个角落。大家商量,让行政人员取消员工进入权限,防止供应商拿走,也防止出现“叛徒”;之后(员工)如果拿不到社保和赔偿,看能不能变卖这部分资产。

肖琴仍抱有一丝幻想,公司还会留一部分人维持运转,至少有序地赔偿、解约。直到饮水机、微波炉、咖啡机、厕纸,以及保洁工具和绿植,一样一样被供应商撤走,来上班的意义,只剩下谈社保断缴和赔偿金。

按照HR给的说法,员工当时有两个选择:一是12月16日前签订离职协议,获赔N+1,次年2月15日才可以拿到;二是留在公司继续上班,但没有社保和工资,相当于“自费上班”。距离11月社保缴纳日的截止日,仅剩2天,员工普遍反馈,“太仓促了。”

研发工程师陆明参与了12月12日上海总部的谈判。他注意到,15名员工代表在会议室,跟CEO谈,人力总监也在;大部分员工围在会议室前等结果,曾有一个供应商出现,大喊欠债还钱,有人上前制止,担心影响员工问题的谈判重点。

之后两天,在工区角落,陆明还看到五六个工程师,围着电脑研究智能语音的改进方案,想做出一个离线之后也可以稳定使用的版本。

肖琴和同事进入了无管理状态。每人出二十块,采买饮用水、打印纸和厕纸。垃圾先自己收拾,他们准备了一个大垃圾袋,把各自的垃圾聚集,“如果后期实在搞不定,再考虑请日结保洁员。”

肖琴不知什么时候才能等到结果,“离大大本营太远了,我们都是后知后觉。”看到上海的同事提出了一套员工的赔偿需求,她和同事们自发给谈判代表转账,让他们买早餐和药品。

处在“后知后觉”的岗位,31岁的肖琴对公司一直抱有信心。她刚来公司是在2022年8月,工区还在装修,水泥地,喷漆的时候,她搬着办公桌去室外工作,下了班再搬回去。到了冬天,四个电暖器同时开就会跳闸,贴好几个暖宝宝也不管用。说起过去两三年的经历,肖琴忍不住心酸。

极越是她干得最久的一份工作,入职时HR告诉她,“现在加入就是元老级别”“新能源汽车制造正在风口,会出现三个新的车企。”肖琴入职不久就被提拔成组长,跟隔壁组的河南老乡,私下成为无话不谈的好友。

测试工作总伴随着风险,尤其是智能驾驶测试,是要把驾驶交给机器。她眼见同事为了躲避障碍物紧急打方向盘,撞到路灯杆上,车胎爆了。在团队,肖琴是为数不多保持劲头的人,她是家里老大,妹妹是博士后,父母没有退休金,肖琴是全家挣钱的指望。在工作中,她也习惯于把活儿揽过来,想多存些钱,再找机会转岗。

12月初,文创工区的研发人员赵书林已经预感到不妙——他所在团队裁员比例达到50%,出海业务资质认证也叫停了。赵书林没在裁员名单上,但他主动找领导申请把自己加上,“裁员比例太高了,预感公司发不出年终奖,不如拿了N+1直接走”。但名单还没公布,公司就解散了。

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员工归还资产。

门店信号更弱。公司倒闭的消息传到号称“杭州最大门店”时,25岁的店员李浩刚入职3天,早上店长还问他,“明天有没有试驾的客户?”西安一家门店店长王雨安,已入职一年,从四个员工发展成十四五人团队,他一直觉得有成就感,和公司一起在成长。

王佳是入职一年多做产品运营,已到孕晚期,预产期在一月份。据她介绍,公司有80多名孕产妇,还有刚怀孕两三个月的,接下来孕期、产期和哺乳期,将近两年多的时间,“没法找新工作,没有公司会接收一个孕妇”。

12月12日晚,陆明和很多上海同事一起在公司熬了通宵,终于等到公司允诺,第二天为全员缴纳11月的社保。13日,他赶了两场面试,一个传统车企,一个新能源车企——冬天本来就不是应聘的好季节,他背着房贷,不能有断档期,在这个年末攒了五六个面试。

985毕业后,他找到一份待遇不错的车企,两三年后认识了妻子,前年迎来他们的孩子,计划着把两室一厅换套大点的。他离开传统车企来到极越,降了一点薪,因为“厌倦国企工作重复性高、更新慢,这个「从零到一」的项目有挑战,能带来成就感”。

14号是陆明36岁生日,往年妻子会准备蛋糕,全家吃顿饭,这次没了心思。陆明早晨吃了碗清汤手擀面,加两个荷包蛋,扒拉几口赶往公司,“这是本命年最后一道坎”。

谈拢社保后,陆明观察到,谈判节奏明显变慢,群里气氛也变了——有人开始怀疑员工代表被收买;要钱也产生分歧,在群里讨论两句,还会被指责看热闹不嫌事儿大,“不去现场,啥也不干,捐款的时候也不捐,就知道瞎出主意。”他看到群里说。

立项慢、上路快、击鼓传花

陆明在一个新项目组,自主研发电子电气架构。项目组2023年底成立,一半人是新招,另一半复用其他部门员工。陆明介绍,目前极越上市的两款车,是在吉利的电子电气架构基础上做的,修改要通过吉利,相当于没有自己的核心技术;而研发一套自己的架构,落实到一台车上,至少四年。

招聘他的领导,面试时也讲明了项目的不确定性,有可能成不了。但陆明当时判断,“既然开始自研,说明这个车企还是有希望的”。入职后,项目进程比他预期慢得多——在陆明的讲述中,本该在四月份发的第一版需求,到八月份才提出,还是非正式的,因为没有立项;本来计划六月立项,推迟到了2025年六月。

陆明之前在传统车企工作多年,原以为互联网企业,部门之间沟通更顺畅,结果“部门墙”也很严重,其他部门的配合显得滞后。陆明推测,部分管理层对这个项目可能还是犹豫,他渐渐不急了,“慢就慢吧,给发工资就可以了。”

根据公开报道,2021年3月,极越汽车的前身集度汽车诞生,当时百度和吉利分别持股55%和45%。然而第一款车型就卡在缺乏造车资质,在上海车展被叫停;集度叫停后,极越是吉利从已注册的品牌库里挑出来救场的。

员工赵书林在公司闪崩后才意识到资质的重要性,“如果公司有独立造车资质,即使破产,也会有企业冲着这块牌照来并购”。而在另一员工崔笑的叙述中,拿不到资质的原因归结于,前几年新能源汽车处在风口期,大量资本涌入,导致2022年开始汽车生产资质发放收紧。

12月17日流传广泛的一篇由员工匿名撰写“极越闪崩时间复盘”文章分析,公司闪崩是产能过剩和产业转型时代背景下的产物。据相关统计,从2018年到2023年,5年间共计超过400家新能源汽车企业消失。新能源车市场呈现两级分化:销量、产量飙升,但行业的另一面,是车企在激烈竞争下的淘汰赛。

多名极越员工表示,公司上市分红的大饼一直在画,原本需要预留时间检测、检验的功能,直接到汽车上路还接着检测。负责测试的王浩宇说,“以前一个实验做完基本上几年,现在一年都出两台车了。”

供职于另一家新能源车企的技术管理人员孟佳然表示,互联网管理者在车辆制造中习惯沿用做软件的思维,要求快速迭代,“产品做出来,简单验证一下没问题,就推到市场,让用户去验证,并没有考虑真实的用户需求。”

他在传统车企工作过十年,“汽车开发周期至少两三年,经过两冬两夏,两个高温实验和两个低温实验,因为一些硬件问题需要长周期的耐久实验,才有可能发现,比如之前就出现过悬架断裂的问题。”孟佳然发现的问题,会通过邮件或会议纪要提出来,他刻意在每个环节留下文字痕迹,写明发现的风险点。

据孟佳然了解,就算管理层出身传统车企,也会在投资人的催促和同行压力下匆忙将车辆上市。大部分新势力厂家都存在这种情况,“车已经上市了,还在不停改,不停做实验。如果发现问题,就再改,甚至不惜上门给客户升级或更换。”

前研发工程师陆明一直没买新能源汽车,除了验证时间短,另一个原因是不放心供应商的质量。陆明认为,激烈竞争导致车企对供应商疯狂压价,而供应商“缩减成本最终肯定是质量下降”。

他举例,有的供应商投了很多钱做研发,临了准备往车上装的时候,突然被换掉。还有的供应商结账使用承兑汇票,拉长付款周期,结果被拖垮——新能源车在供应商圈被形容为“击鼓传花”的游戏,每人Auto曾报道,“不知道到谁手里,热闹就消失了,变成一堆找不到人兑换的空头支票”。

极越的经营者在成本上缺乏控制,对投资者怀有盲目信心,即使在资金迟迟未到时,新的门店依旧在推进,是这家公司在此轮媒体复盘中最为诟病的问题之一。

崩盘前一两个月,极越曾向两大股东多次请求支援,财新杂志在其报道中梳理,百度提出极越融资10亿元,自己和吉利再各出10亿;(2024年)九十月份,融资一直没到账,银行决定不再给极越续贷。

现金断流后,极越迅速崩盘。据21世纪经济报道,截止目前,极越欠款总额为70亿元,其中百度9亿元、吉利26亿元,银行11亿元,其他包括供应商在内的欠款达24亿元。

一丝幸运

12月16日周一上午,是之前公司约定的last day。肖琴和同事们收到物业发的函,厂区欠租金40多万。水电暖暂时不会停,因为之前按季预付过款,可以使用到月底。上一周没来得及收的会议室话筒,丢了俩,说不清是谁拿走的。

过去几天,每天大家都互相问,明天还来么?肖琴每天都来公司,她在家待不下去。洗漱的时候,父母在厨房做饭,姥姥开始擦地,姥爷坐在她边上,想问又不敢问。父母都在打零工,过去一年没怎么接到活。正式得到她失业的消息后,母亲开始跟她要简历,说找人帮忙。

隔壁组的河南老乡张俊义找到了零工,给鞭炮厂做设备升级,面色缓和了不少。截至16日,他已经投出去175份简历。张俊义一家三口住在天津,女儿5岁,房子在2018年高点入手,月房贷七千。妻子在一家事业单位工作,稳定但收入不高,能维持日常生活,但家庭大头支出都要靠他。

2024年又多了两笔债务,一笔是媳妇借钱给弟弟结婚的60万,另一笔是自己借钱炒股亏的二三十万。媳妇和张俊义一样,都来自农村家庭,娘家手里没钱,又希望弟弟风光结婚,把买车、彩礼、买房首付和酒席钱全包了。而张俊义想要快速还掉买房的借款,两次从银行贷款炒股,结果都亏进去。年终奖原本是他堵窟窿的期望,现在落空。

媳妇埋怨他炒股亏钱,张俊义反击她借网贷给弟弟结婚。媳妇说,她借钱至少还算是干了点正事,但炒股亏了就是没了,张俊义也说不出什么。最近,他陆续收到了几个offer,都在南方。他选了一家稳定但薪水少的,决定南下,“(那里)感觉倒不了,会一直有口饭吃,其他地方,35岁后不知何去何从。”

12月19日下午三点多,员工们终于等到赔偿方案——普通员工将拿到N+1的经济补偿,2025年1月20日之前支付,垫付资金由百度、吉利打入监管共管账户;工资结算延长至12月20日,员工的社保和公积金由公司缴纳至12月。

12月20日,张俊义和同事们都签了离职协议。临走的时候,肖琴跟他告别,说过年回老家聚。肖琴刚被一家车企拒绝。被拒那天晚上,她再也绷不住,给小两岁的妹妹发了信息,“睡了没有?”她住的地方不通地铁,和妹妹读书的学校离得很远。

妹妹很快打回电话,她知道肖琴很少在家人面前示弱,是照顾全家的角色。肖琴在电话里哭了,说公司倒闭,觉得自己在努力奋斗的一件事情,一下子没有了。妹妹安慰她,这个行业不适合你,就换个行业,两人聊到凌晨三点。

王浩宇接受了降薪,但他面试的公司中,有家一听他在极越的薪资就没了回音,王浩宇猜测对方担心自己把这份工作当跳板过渡,不会长期干。圣诞前倒是有家公司愿意接收,但提出降薪30%,他想了想还是没去。

签离职协议的第二天中午,大家聚了个餐,庆祝拿到赔偿。聚餐时聊到几家同年倒闭的新能源车企,又生出一丝幸运:“比高合跟威马强,他们破产倒闭很慢,拿赔偿啥的费劲,我们这不到10天结束了。”

(文中人物为化名)‍

'No one deserves this': Victims' families seek answers in New Orleans attack

EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock Flowers placed at the entrance of Bourbon Street. EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock
Fourteen flowers were placed at the entrance of Bourbon Street - one for each victim killed in the attack.

Just hours before the clock struck midnight on New Year's Eve, Jack Bech got on a phone call with his older brother Martin - an avid outdoorsman and former football star mostly known to friends and teammates as "Tiger".

Jack, 22, was in Dallas visiting family members, while Tiger, a 28-year-old former Princeton alumnus who lived in New York, was in New Orleans, getting ready to celebrate the New Year.

"We just thought it was going to be another conversation," he told the BBC. "I was showing him what we were eating, and he was showing us what he was eating."

The two brothers would never speak again.

"I hung up the phone, and that was the last time I ever spoke with him," Jack recalled.

Tiger was among the 14 people killed when an attacker ploughed through a crowd on Bourbon Street in New Orleans.

The attacker, 42-year-old army veteran Shamsud-Din Jabbar, was killed in a gunfight with police after he drove a pick-up truck into the crowds, according to authorities. Though he posted videos online proclaiming allegiance to the Islamic State group before the attack, FBI officials said they believe he was acting alone.

While the identities of all the victims have not been made public yet, a picture is slowly emerging of a group of mostly young people, many of whom - like Tiger - were Louisiana locals.

Jack - who remembers his brother as his best friend, role model and inspiration - says that the close-knit Bech family will never be the same.

New Orleans victim's brother says family will have to deal with his death 'every day'

Most of the family is in the town of Lafayette, about 136 miles (218km) away from New Orleans.

"This is something we're going to have to deal with. Every time we wake up, and every time we go to sleep, it's going to be something," he added. "Every holiday, there's going to be an empty seat at the table."

But Tiger said that his brother "wouldn't want us to grieve and mourn". Instead, he has encouraged his family to remember him as "a fighter".

"He'd want us to keep attacking life...he'd want us to go and be there for each other," he said.

"I told my family that instead of seeing him a couple of times a year, he'll be with us every moment," Jack added. "Whenever we're waking up and we're going to sleep and we're walking, when we're at work, doing whatever, he'll be with us."

Christina Bounds Matthew TenedorioChristina Bounds
Matthew Tenedorio's family says they begged him not to head into New Orleans on New Year's Eve

Among the other victims of the attack in the early morning hours of 1 January was Matthew Tenedorio, an audio-visual technician at New Orleans' Caesars' Superdome.

Tenedorio, who just turned 25 in October, had spent the earlier part of his evening at his brother's home in the town of Slidell, about 35 minutes away from New Orleans.

With him were his father and mother - who just recently recovered from cancer.

His cousin, Christina Bounds, told the BBC that his family "begged" him not to go into New Orleans, fearful of the large crowd and potential dangers.

Despite their pleas, he went, along with two friends. When the news broke, his mother eventually got a hold of one of them.

"They said they were walking down Bourbon, and saw a body fall," she said, noting that they now believe it was a body thrown into the air by the attacker's truck.

Amid screams and gunshots, Tenedorio was separated from his friends.

His family says he was shot, and believe he was killed during the exchange of gunfire between the attacker and police officers on Bourbon Street.

The BBC is unable to independently verify this claim.

According to Ms Bounds, the family's tragedy has been made more painful by the slow, nearly non-existent trickle of communications they've had with local authorities.

"We couldn't get any information when my aunt [Tenedorio's mother, Cathy] showed up at the hospital," she said. "There has been no information from doctors, hospitals, or cops. Nobody."

"They have zero information, and that's the part that's pissing everybody off. We don't even know what happened," Bounds added. "Was he carried out by the EMS? Was he in an ambulance? Did he die instantly?"

These answers, she added, would "help people accept" what happened.

"But now it's like total shock," she added. "It's not registering."

The family has started a GoFundMe page to gather funds for Tenedorio's funeral expenses - which Ms Bounds said have been made difficult by his mother's significant medical bills during her cancer diagnosis.

Another cousin of Tenedorio's, Zach Colgan, remembers him as a "goofball" who was quick to make a joke, cared deeply about animals and was an avid storyteller.

"He cared. He was definitely a people person. A happy-go-lucky guy," Mr Colgan told the BBC. "It's sad that a terrorist attack took him...no family should ever have to bury their son, especially for something so senseless."

Mr Colgan, who has experience working with law enforcement in Louisiana, says he believes officers have done the best they can in an extremely hectic casualty situation.

"I know it's chaotic. But part of closure is getting answers. I know my aunt and uncle weren't able to get much besides 'yes - Matthew was killed'," he said.

"It'd be nice to know a little bit more," Mr Colgan added. ""If it was my kid, I'd want to know."

Even as his family continues to search for answers, Mr Colgan says he hopes that the government and public's focus continues to be on the victims, rather than on law enforcement's response or what else could have been done to prevent the attack.

"I want every single one of them to be remembered," he said. "They didn't deserve this. No one deserves this."

Two dead after plane hits factory roof near LA

CBS Pieces of the plane inside the buildingCBS

Two people have died and 18 others were injured after a small plane crashed into a commercial building in southern California, officials say.

Ten people were taken to hospital with injuries, the Fullerton Police Department said in a post on X on Thursday afternoon. Eight others were treated for injuries and released at the scene.

The single-engine Van's RV-10 crashed at 14:15PST (20:15GMT), according to the Federal Aviation Administration.

Officials have provided no further details about how the crash occurred. It is unclear whether the two people who died were workers or were on board the plane.

Police say they are evacuating buildings in the area, and are asking the public to stay away from the crash site.

Congressman Lou Correa, who represents the area of Orange County, about 25 miles (40km) south of Los Angeles, said that the building that was struck is a furniture manufacturing business.

In a post on X, Correa said that at least a dozen of the victims are factory workers.

Aerial photos of the scene show parts of the plane inside the building. The crash also sparked a fire which was extinguished by fire crews.

Security footage recorded from a building across the street shows a fiery explosion, according to local news outlets.

"People are just shaken over the situation," witness Mark Anderson told KRCA-TV.

"It was just a large boom, and then one of the people went out and said, 'Oh my gosh, the building's on fire.'"

The area where the plane crashed is near the Fullerton Municipal Airport, about 6 miles (10 kilometers) from Disneyland.

The plane appears to have been turning back to the airport shortly after takeoff, according to KRCA-TV.

This is the second plane to crash in the area in the past two months, according to CBS, the BBC's US partner.

On 25 November, another plane crashed into a tree roughly one block away from this most recent crash. No major injures were reported in that crash.

Social care reforms in pipeline for 2028, say ministers

Getty Images Carer helps older woman down some stairs - they are both smilingGetty Images

Proposals on the long-term funding of adult social care in England are unlikely to be delivered before 2028 at the earliest, the government has confirmed.

Health and Social Care Secretary Wes Streeting is promising "to finally grasp the nettle on social care reform", with an independent commission due to begin work in April.

But the commission, chaired by Baroness Louise Casey, is not due to publish its final report until 2028.

Councils and care providers say it is too long to wait for reform of vital services which are already on their knees.

The government also announced immediate plans to get care workers to do more health checks, and a funding boost for services to help elderly and disabled people remain in their homes.

Social care means help for older or disabled people with day-to-day tasks like washing, dressing, medication and eating.

Only those with the most complex health needs get social care provided free by the NHS, so most care is paid for by councils.

In England, only people with high needs and savings or assets of less than £23,250 are eligible for that help, leaving a growing number of people to fund themselves.

Some face paying hundreds of thousands of pounds for their care and may be forced to sell their own home as a result.

The government's ultimate aim is "a new National Care Service, able to meet the needs of older and disabled people into the 21st Century", said Streeting.

He said he had invited opposition parties to take part in the commission "to build a cross-party consensus to ensure the National Care Service survives governments of different shades, just as our NHS has for the past 76 years".

Baroness Casey - who has led several high-profile reviews, including into homelessness, the Rotherham child exploitation scandal and the Metropolitan Police - said she was pleased "to lead this vital work".

She is viewed in government as being straight-talking, with good cross-party links, and as someone who gets things done.

Even so, drawing up a plan for a National Care Service that meets the needs of an ageing population and is affordable is perhaps her biggest challenge yet.

There is agreement that the care system has been in crisis for years, struggling with growing demand, under-funding and staff shortages.

The problem has been getting political agreement on how overdue reform will be funded.

In 2010, Labour plans to fund social care were labelled a "death tax"' in that year's election, and Conservative plans were called a "dementia tax" in the 2017 election.

There have also been numerous commissions, reviews and inquiries over the past 25 years which have failed to bring change.

The 2011 Dilnot Commission plan for a cap on individual care costs came closest, making it into legislation, but was not implemented.

It was finally scrapped by the new Labour government last summer because it said the last Conservative administration had not set aside the money to fund the reform.

However, providing enough support for people in their own homes, care homes and supported living remains a pressing issue.

The care systems in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are slightly more generous, but all are facing the pressures of growing demand and squeezed finances.

"Our ageing society, with costs of care set to double in the next 20 years, demands longer-term action," said Streeting.

The government had promised a National Care Service in its manifesto, although provided little detail.

The independent commission will work with users of care services, their families, staff, politicians and the public to recommend how best to build a care service to meet current and future needs.

"Millions of older people, disabled people, their families and carers rely upon an effective adult social care system to live their lives to the full with independence and dignity," said Baroness Casey.

"An independent commission is an opportunity to start a national conversation, find the solutions and build consensus on a long-term plan to fix the system."

Baroness Casey wears a pink and orange patterned blouse and talks to an interviewer while on camera during a television interview with the BBC
Baroness Casey has chaired a series of high-profile reviews

The commission will report to the prime minister and its work will be split into two phases.

Phase one will identify critical issues and recommend medium-term improvements. This will report by mid-2026.

Phase two will look at how to organise care services and fund them for the future. This report is not due until 2028 - a year before the next election.

The King's Fund independent health think-tank urged the government to "accelerate the timing".

"The current timetable to report by 2028 is far too long to wait for people who need social care, and their families," said its chief executive, Sarah Woolnough.

Councils, which are under huge financial pressure, pay for care services for most people.

Melanie Williams, president of the Association of Directors of Adult Social Services, agreed that the "timescales are too long".

She believes much of the evidence and options on how to reform adult social care are already known and worries that "continuing to tread water until a commission concludes will be at the detriment of people's health and well-being".

About 835,000 people received publicly funded care in 2022, according to the King's Fund. The charity Age UK estimates there are about two million people in England who have unmet care needs - and according to workforce organisation Skills for Care, while 1.59 million people work in adult social care in England, there are currently 131,000 vacancies.

Helen Walker, the head of Carers UK, which represents millions of unpaid people who provide care to family members, said families were "under intense pressure and providing more care than ever before"

When older or disabled people are unable to get the help they need in the community they are more likely to end up in hospital, or get stuck on a ward when they are ready to leave.

Amanda Pritchard, NHS England chief executive, said: "We hope this vital action plan and commitment to create a National Care Service will both help better support people and ease pressure on hospital wards."

The government also confirmed an extra £86m would be spent before the end of the financial year in April to help thousands more elderly and disabled people to remain in their homes.

The money is on top of a similar sum announced in the Budget for the next financial year.

Overall, it should allow 7,800 disabled and elderly people to make vital improvements to their homes which should increase their independence and reduce hospitalisations, says the government.

Other changes include:

  • better career pathways for care workers
  • better use of technology and new national standards to support elderly people to live at home for longer
  • up-skilling care workers to deliver basic checks such as blood pressure monitoring
  • a new digital platform to share medical information between NHS and care staff.

'No one deserves this': Victims' families seek answers in New Orleans attack

EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock Flowers placed at the entrance of Bourbon Street. EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock
Fourteen flowers were placed at the entrance of Bourbon Street - one for each victim killed in the attack.

Just hours before the clock struck midnight on New Year's Eve, Jack Bech got on a phone call with his older brother Martin - an avid outdoorsman and former football star mostly known to friends and teammates as "Tiger".

Jack, 22, was in Dallas visiting family members, while Tiger, a 28-year-old former Princeton alumnus who lived in New York, was in New Orleans, getting ready to celebrate the New Year.

"We just thought it was going to be another conversation," he told the BBC. "I was showing him what we were eating, and he was showing us what he was eating."

The two brothers would never speak again.

"I hung up the phone, and that was the last time I ever spoke with him," Jack recalled.

Tiger was among the 14 people killed when an attacker ploughed through a crowd on Bourbon Street in New Orleans.

The attacker, 42-year-old army veteran Shamsud-Din Jabbar, was killed in a gunfight with police after he drove a pick-up truck into the crowds, according to authorities. Though he posted videos online proclaiming allegiance to the Islamic State group before the attack, FBI officials said they believe he was acting alone.

While the identities of all the victims have not been made public yet, a picture is slowly emerging of a group of mostly young people, many of whom - like Tiger - were Louisiana locals.

Jack - who remembers his brother as his best friend, role model and inspiration - says that the close-knit Bech family will never be the same.

New Orleans victim's brother says family will have to deal with his death 'every day'

Most of the family is in the town of Lafayette, about 136 miles (218km) away from New Orleans.

"This is something we're going to have to deal with. Every time we wake up, and every time we go to sleep, it's going to be something," he added. "Every holiday, there's going to be an empty seat at the table."

But Tiger said that his brother "wouldn't want us to grieve and mourn". Instead, he has encouraged his family to remember him as "a fighter".

"He'd want us to keep attacking life...he'd want us to go and be there for each other," he said.

"I told my family that instead of seeing him a couple of times a year, he'll be with us every moment," Jack added. "Whenever we're waking up and we're going to sleep and we're walking, when we're at work, doing whatever, he'll be with us."

Christina Bounds Matthew TenedorioChristina Bounds
Matthew Tenedorio's family says they begged him not to head into New Orleans on New Year's Eve

Among the other victims of the attack in the early morning hours of 1 January was Matthew Tenedorio, an audio-visual technician at New Orleans' Caesars' Superdome.

Tenedorio, who just turned 25 in October, had spent the earlier part of his evening at his brother's home in the town of Slidell, about 35 minutes away from New Orleans.

With him were his father and mother - who just recently recovered from cancer.

His cousin, Christina Bounds, told the BBC that his family "begged" him not to go into New Orleans, fearful of the large crowd and potential dangers.

Despite their pleas, he went, along with two friends. When the news broke, his mother eventually got a hold of one of them.

"They said they were walking down Bourbon, and saw a body fall," she said, noting that they now believe it was a body thrown into the air by the attacker's truck.

Amid screams and gunshots, Tenedorio was separated from his friends.

His family says he was shot, and believe he was killed during the exchange of gunfire between the attacker and police officers on Bourbon Street.

The BBC is unable to independently verify this claim.

According to Ms Bounds, the family's tragedy has been made more painful by the slow, nearly non-existent trickle of communications they've had with local authorities.

"We couldn't get any information when my aunt [Tenedorio's mother, Cathy] showed up at the hospital," she said. "There has been no information from doctors, hospitals, or cops. Nobody."

"They have zero information, and that's the part that's pissing everybody off. We don't even know what happened," Bounds added. "Was he carried out by the EMS? Was he in an ambulance? Did he die instantly?"

These answers, she added, would "help people accept" what happened.

"But now it's like total shock," she added. "It's not registering."

The family has started a GoFundMe page to gather funds for Tenedorio's funeral expenses - which Ms Bounds said have been made difficult by his mother's significant medical bills during her cancer diagnosis.

Another cousin of Tenedorio's, Zach Colgan, remembers him as a "goofball" who was quick to make a joke, cared deeply about animals and was an avid storyteller.

"He cared. He was definitely a people person. A happy-go-lucky guy," Mr Colgan told the BBC. "It's sad that a terrorist attack took him...no family should ever have to bury their son, especially for something so senseless."

Mr Colgan, who has experience working with law enforcement in Louisiana, says he believes officers have done the best they can in an extremely hectic casualty situation.

"I know it's chaotic. But part of closure is getting answers. I know my aunt and uncle weren't able to get much besides 'yes - Matthew was killed'," he said.

"It'd be nice to know a little bit more," Mr Colgan added. ""If it was my kid, I'd want to know."

Even as his family continues to search for answers, Mr Colgan says he hopes that the government and public's focus continues to be on the victims, rather than on law enforcement's response or what else could have been done to prevent the attack.

"I want every single one of them to be remembered," he said. "They didn't deserve this. No one deserves this."

'Ripped off' caravan owners start compensation fight

BBC Joanne Horner-Bloomfield, with short grey hair and wearing a white cardigan and green top, looks towards the cameraBBC
Joanne Horner-Bloomfield says she is "devastated" to have to rely on food banks since losing so much money from her caravan

About 1,200 caravan owners across the UK, many of whom say they feel "ripped off", are to begin legal action against the holiday parks that sold them.

Members of the Holiday Park Action Group (HPAG) are seeking compensation for what they say are unfair increases in annual pitch fees and misleading claims about the value of static caravans at the time of purchase.

The legal proceedings follow a BBC investigation that revealed how people had lost their life savings, inheritance and pensions when the holiday homes they had bought lost value.

One of the parks involved said it gave "comprehensive information" to all prospective buyers, while another said its sales contracts were "clear and readily understood".

Joanne Horner-Bloomfield, 65, is one of those joining the legal action.

She said she "lost everything" after buying a static caravan on Watermill Leisure Park in Lincolnshire and now relies on food banks.

In summer 2022, she used £29,995 from the sale of her late mother's house to buy the caravan, spending an additional £7,500 for a decking and two storage sheds.

Mrs Horner-Bloomfield spent much of her time at the site, which she said was "a beautiful place".

The annual pitch fee in 2022 was £2,795, but it increased to £3,041 in 2023. When she was told the 2024 fee would be £4,100, she realised she could not afford to keep the caravan.

Mrs Horner-Bloomfield, who worked as a carer before ill health forced her to stop, and does not yet receive a pension, asked to sell the caravan back to the park owners in September 2023.

However, she was told they no longer purchased caravans manufactured more than 10 years ago.

She said the park also told her that her caravan would only fetch about £5,000 on the open market.

Mrs Horner-Bloomfield said: "I was stunned. I said why did you charge me £29,995 a year ago for something that was only worth £5,000? And he said, 'well it's business isn't it?' I was furious."

Watermill Leisure Park said its dealings with Mrs Horner-Bloomfield were "fair and transparent" and it provided buyers with a "clear and readily understood sales contract".

It said it was "under no obligation to buy back a holiday caravan" but any offers it does make are "a fair reflection of the value to the park of that holiday home at that particular moment", based on factors such as time of year and level of demand.

A spokesperson said sales staff also advise that holiday caravans are intended as a long-term purchase.

A blue sign at the entrance to Watermill Leisure Park, advertising luxury holiday homes, with trees in the background.
Joanne Horner-Bloomfield says she was told her caravan at Watermill had lost £25,000 in value in just over a year

Mrs Horner-Bloomfield said she felt "betrayed and let down" because she had not been informed how low the resale value of her caravan would be when she purchased it.

She eventually sold her caravan for £5,500, of which £500 was paid to Watermill as a disconnection fee.

She added: "It just broke my heart. I'm devastated that at 65 years of age I'm reduced to using a food bank.

"The money that I was hoping to walk away with would have made life so much easier for me."

Mrs Horner-Bloomfield said she hoped the legal action would help her.

"It would be nice if we win and could get some of our money back, but more importantly would be to make a law to stop these unscrupulous site owners from taking people's life savings."

'Disgusting practices'

HPAG, which has organised the group action, says most caravans were sold by parks at a "significantly marked-up price" which led to "substantial losses" if buyers later decided to sell.

HPAG has 70,000 members in a Facebook group where caravan owners voice complaints.

Carole Keeble, the group's founder, said existing regulations were failing to protect consumers from "unfair commercial practices" on an "industrial scale".

She hoped the group's legal action would put an end to such practices and called on the government to address the "significant issues across the sector".

The High Court will give a ruling based on a small number of identified test cases. Hugh Preston KC, the group's barrister, hopes it will pave the way for the rest of the claimants to get compensation too. He is representing about 1,200 people.

James Richardson stands outside his home, looking at the camera. He is wearing a navy blue T-shirt. He is balding and has a grey-brown beard and blue eyes.
James Richardson and his wife, Emma, said they found themselves "haemorrhaging money" after buying a holiday home

The first claim will ask the High Court to declare whether or not the annual pitch fee increases written into the contract between park owners and caravan buyers are fair and enforceable - and if not, whether the buyers are entitled to a refund.

The second claim will ask a judge to decide whether the holiday parks selling the caravans should be expected to explain to buyers, before purchase, that caravans lose substantial value if resold after only a few years - and if so, whether they can be compensated for the lost value.

Mr Preston KC told the BBC: "It's essentially an unregulated sector, there's no statutory regulations that tell parks what to do or how to behave… and there are a wide range of issues that consumers feel they're just not getting fair value from."

A spokesperson for the Department for Business and Trade said it was "aware of the difficulties that some holiday home owners have experienced" and was committed to protecting consumers from "rogue practices".

They added the government had plans to introduce tough financial penalties for breaches of consumer law.

Some of those joining the legal action shared their stories with the BBC as part of our investigation in October.

They include James and Emma Richardson, from Cleethorpes, who lost more than £50,000 over two years of owning a caravan at Tattershall Lakes Country Park in Lincolnshire. Mr Richardson hopes the case can "put an end" to the "disgusting practices" by some holiday parks.

Sally Nicholls, from Sheffield, used her entire pension pot and borrowed money to buy a £69,000 caravan at the same park. She only managed to get £15,000 for it when she sold it three years later. She says trying to change the law was "more important" to her than winning compensation.

Away Resorts An aerial image of Tattershall Lakes Country Park shows a lakefront with several long, thin static caravans on the shore, and a couple of small boats moored up. There's also a large communal area and beach with sunloungers set out and a large white parasol offering some shade.Away Resorts
Tattershall Lakes Country Park is run by Away Resorts Holidays
Sally Nicholls, a woman with short reddish hair, sits on a leather chair against a backdrop of yellow wallpaper
Sally Nicholls says she hopes the legal action will push the industry to change

Away Resorts, which runs Tattershall Lakes Country Park, said in October that it provided all prospective buyers with "comprehensive information, including detailed terms and conditions" to ensure they knew the potential risks of caravan ownership.

It said it had no further response to add about the launch of the legal action.

Industry representatives, the British Holiday and Home Park Association, said it was not appropriate to comment.

The National Caravan Council said it was aware of the legal action but would not be commenting further.

Related internet links

Sara Sharif's killer father 'attacked in prison'

Surrey Police Police mugshot of Urfan Sharif. He has a beard and is looking straight at the camera.Surrey Police

Police are investigating after the father of Sara Sharif was reportedly assaulted in prison weeks after being jailed for the 10-year-old's murder.

Urfan Sharif is said to have been attacked at Belmarsh Prison on New Year's Day by two other inmates in a cell, the Sun newspaper reported.

Sharif reportedly suffered cuts to his neck and face, and it is understood he received medical treatment inside the prison.

Sharif, 43, and Sara's stepmother were sentenced to life imprisonment after being convicted at the Old Bailey last month of killing Sara at their home in Woking, Surrey.

A Prison Service spokesperson said: "Police are investigating an assault on a prisoner at HMP Belmarsh on 1 January.

"It would be inappropriate to comment further while they investigate."

Belmarsh is a Category A jail in south-east London housing some of the UK's most dangerous prisoners.

According to the Sun, Sharif was assaulted with a makeshift weapon.

BBC News has approached the Metropolitan Police for a statement.

A spokesman quoted in the Sun said the inmate "suffered non life-threatening injuries".

Surrey Police Sara Sharif - she has a faint smile on her face and wearing a green dress as she sits on a bedSurrey Police
Sara was found dead in August 2023

Sara was hooded, burned and beaten during a "campaign of torture" that lasted two years before her body was found at the family home in August 2023.

Urfan Sharif was sentenced to a minimum of 40 years in prison for murder, while his wife Beinash Batool, 30, received a minimum of 33 years.

Sara's uncle, Faisal Malik, 29, was sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment for causing or allowing her death.

The three fled to Islamabad, Pakistan, with Sara's five siblings, the day before her body was found, prompting an international manhunt.

They hid out there for four weeks before returning to the UK, where they were arrested.

Two dead after plane hits factory roof near LA

CBS Pieces of the plane inside the buildingCBS

Two people have died and 18 others were injured after a small plane crashed into a commercial building in southern California, officials say.

Ten people were taken to hospital with injuries, the Fullerton Police Department said in a post on X on Thursday afternoon. Eight others were treated for injuries and released at the scene.

The single-engine Van's RV-10 crashed at 14:15PST (20:15GMT), according to the Federal Aviation Administration.

Officials have provided no further details about how the crash occurred. It is unclear whether the two people who died were workers or were on board the plane.

Police say they are evacuating buildings in the area, and are asking the public to stay away from the crash site.

Congressman Lou Correa, who represents the area of Orange County, about 25 miles (40km) south of Los Angeles, said that the building that was struck is a furniture manufacturing business.

In a post on X, Correa said that at least a dozen of the victims are factory workers.

Aerial photos of the scene show parts of the plane inside the building. The crash also sparked a fire which was extinguished by fire crews.

Security footage recorded from a building across the street shows a fiery explosion, according to local news outlets.

"People are just shaken over the situation," witness Mark Anderson told KRCA-TV.

"It was just a large boom, and then one of the people went out and said, 'Oh my gosh, the building's on fire.'"

The area where the plane crashed is near the Fullerton Municipal Airport, about 6 miles (10 kilometers) from Disneyland.

The plane appears to have been turning back to the airport shortly after takeoff, according to KRCA-TV.

This is the second plane to crash in the area in the past two months, according to CBS, the BBC's US partner.

On 25 November, another plane crashed into a tree roughly one block away from this most recent crash. No major injures were reported in that crash.

当中美关系不再拥有“小院高墙”

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当中美关系不再拥有“小院高墙”

GEOFFREY GERTZ
Illustration by Kristie Bailey/The New York Times; source photographs by Evaristo Sa, via AFP, and Kevin Dietsch, via Getty Images.
去年12月2日,美国宣布了新一轮限制向中国出口先进半导体的管制,而且预期很快将出台更多限制。这是拜登政府持久政治遗产的最后部分之一:限制中国获取技术的规模和范围大幅扩大。
拜登政府反复使用“小院高墙”这个比喻来阐明过去两年里的政策,上月宣布限制措施时也用了这个说法。它的意思是,应该将敏感技术放进一个院子,用贸易和投资限制的高墙保护起来。但是这个院子应该很小,只涉及少数有军事用途的先进技术,同时,美中之间更广泛的商业贸易和投资仍将继续。
随着拜登政府进入最后阶段,“小院高墙”战略的矛盾之处正在增多。这个战略试图达到两个本质上相互冲突的目的:在不颠覆全球经济秩序的同时,推进技术竞争地缘政治的根本改变。拜登政府在达到这两个目标方面都做得不好。特朗普上任后,他的外交政策团队可能会采用由拜登团队启用,但又不愿广泛使用的技术控制工具,并全力释放这些工具,这将给经济造成显著的干扰。别再提那个精心设定范围的小院子了。
“小院高墙”战略背后的想法最初曾说得通,它反映了拜登政府在处理美中关系时试图平衡相互矛盾的压力:用国家安全顾问沙利文的话说,要让美国在基本技术领域,保持对主要战略竞争对手“尽可能大的领先优势”,但又不切断全部有意义的经济联系。
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事实证明,这非常困难。2022年10月,拜登政府宣布了第一轮针对中国的半导体出口全面限制后,亚历克斯·帕尔默在时报发表的文章中将其描述为“经济战的宣战书”。它带来了巨大的经济和外交代价。美国的技术企业担心,高墙可能会将它们挡在中国市场之外。美国在欧洲和亚洲的盟友对中国的军事现代化项目有一些与华盛顿一样的担忧,但对与北京突然决裂持谨慎态度。
为了缓解盟友们的担忧,拜登政府试图在采取限制措施时小心谨慎。就在宣布半导体出口管制措施的一周后,沙利文在阐明政府政策时使用了“小院高墙”的比喻。那之后,随着拜登政府推出更多控制和限制先进技术出口的措施,“小院高墙”的说法一次一次地出现在讲话要点发布新闻中。
尽管拜登政府想把自己的做法描述为小范围的、有针对性的,但现实情况要复杂得多。政府从未定义哪些技术属于小院之内,部分原因是,很难预测哪些产品可能会在未来带来安全风险。这为扩大院子留下了空间。
而且,即使受限制技术的数量有限,但限制技术的影响并非有限。半导体和人工智能是应用范围广泛的基础技术,限制它们对中国经济和技术发展的影响将是巨大的。
拜登政府在过去两年里出台了一系列新的出口管制和对华投资限制,以及向中国传输数据的限制。虽然每项措施都是小范围的和特定的,但累积效应要大得多。
“小院高墙”的总想法确实有助于赢得一些持怀疑态度的美国盟友和伙伴的支持,这对拜登团队来说是一个重大胜利。美国的一些盟友甚至借用了这个比喻。英国在2023年11月宣布修订《国家安全与投资法》时,将新做法描述为“小花园、高篱笆”。
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但美国与盟友的合作程度仍然有限​​,部分原因是,拜登政府承诺其措施不会超出由它自己设定、没有定义的界限,盟国政府并不完全信任这一承诺。盟友们也担心,在缺少有效法律护栏的情况下,拜登政府正在开发的政策工具会在某天移交给一个不那么克制的美国政府,院子的范围可能会大为扩展。它们现在正忐忑地观望着即将上任的特朗普总统。
中国当然从未接受“小院高墙”的想法。它不接受国家安全技术限制有别于两个大国之间更广泛的经济竞争这一前提,也能看出这些所谓的小范围限制的广泛影响。拜登政府试图作出的保证并未阻止中国采取反制措施进行报复,包括上个月宣布的禁止向美国出口某些关键矿产品
就特朗普而言,他不寻求将经济竞争与国家安全区分开来,没有多少兴趣尽量减少经济干扰或与盟友合作。他的政府准备严厉限制与中国的贸易和对华投资,并向盟友施压,要求它们也这样做。
特朗普更具对抗性的做法会更有效吗?他的团队将需要应对拜登政府同样面临的挑战,包括加强打击走私和躲避出口管制的执法工具,以及说服盟友采取自己的限制措施。特朗普政府最终需要回答的问题是,它打算在多大程度上让美国经济与中国脱钩,以及在这个过程中愿意容忍多大程度的经济扰乱。尽管“小院高墙”战略存在缺点,但仍起了必要的约束作用。特朗普团队将需要制定一些自己的限制原则。

Geoffrey Gertz是新美国安全中心的高级研究员,曾担任拜登政府国家安全委员会的国际经济主任。

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美国考虑对中国无人机颁布禁令

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美国考虑对中国无人机颁布禁令

ANA SWANSON
立法者曾多次对无人机带来的国家安全风险表示担忧,其中包括中国领先的无人机制造商大疆的无人机。
立法者曾多次对无人机带来的国家安全风险表示担忧,其中包括中国领先的无人机制造商大疆的无人机。 Alex Goodlett for The New York Times
拜登政府于周四表示,出于国家安全担忧,正在考虑制定一项新规定,限制或禁止中国无人机进入美国。
商务部在一份通知中表示,外国对手——尤其是中国和俄罗斯——参与无人机的设计、开发、制造和供应,可能会对 “美国国家安全构成不当或不可接受的风险”。
该通知要求私营公司在3月4日前就该规则的范围和影响发表评论。如果对中国和俄罗斯无人机做出限制,实施何种限制将由特朗普政府决定。
商务部表示,中国和俄罗斯已经表现出通过网络间谍活动危害美国基础设施和安全的意愿,并称两国政府可能会利用其法律和政治局势“笼络私营实体以谋求国家利益”。
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除了业余爱好者外,美国各行各业也在使用无人机。它们帮助农民监控农作物和喷洒农药,为化工行业检查管道,勘测桥梁和建筑工地,并为消防员和其他应急人员提供帮助。
但在过去十年中,无人机不断发展,配备了先进的摄像头、接收器和人工智能能力,这加剧了人们对无人机可能成为敌对政府的有用工具的担忧。
商务部称,总部设在中国的公司占据了美国无人机市场至少75%的份额,这种优势“提供了大量的利用机会”。商务部还称,俄罗斯在全球无人机销售中的份额相对较小,但它已宣布有意投入巨资开发国内市场。
商务部长雷蒙多在一份声明中表示,拟议的规则将是“保护美国免受外国实体威胁的重要一步”。
她补充说,确保无人驾驶飞机系统技术供应链的安全“对保障我们的国家安全至关重要”。
商务部在通知中表示,无人机可用于在碰撞中破坏实体基础设施、投放爆炸性有效载荷或收集关键基础设施的信息,包括建筑布局。
此外,由于美国的关键基础设施越来越依赖无人机,任何使无人机远程失效的行为都将给国家安全带来风险。商务部补充说,过去,总部设在中国的无人机公司曾对其设备进行更新,以建立禁飞限制,使无人机在这些公司规定的冲突地区无法飞行。
通知称,商务部还在考虑是否有任何措施可以降低风险,允许中国无人机继续销售,例如某些设计要求或网络安全软件。
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为检查和消除高科技产品和通信基础设施中收集大量美国人数据的漏洞而,拜登政府做出了更广泛的努力,这项拟议的规则是其中的一部分。
9月,美国政府采取行动,禁止美国的联网汽车使用中国开发的软件。这一举措旨在防止中国情报机构监控美国人的行踪,或利用汽车电子设备作为进入美国电网或其他基础设施的途径。
周四,中国将28家美国公司列入出口管制名单,以“维护国家安全和利益”。
美国国会议员曾多次对无人机带来的国家安全风险表示担忧,其中包括来自中国领先无人机制造商大疆的无人机。拜登总统上月签署的国防法案中包含一项条款,要求政府确定大疆或另一家中国公司道通智能的无人机是否构成威胁。
这些限制措施是在人们日益担心美国容易受到网络攻击的情况下出台的。美国财政部周一宣布,它遭到了中国情报机构的黑客攻击
近几个月来,一系列揭露显示,一个名为“盐台风”的复杂中国情报组织如何深入渗透到至少九家美国电信公司,目标是候任总统特朗普和其他人使用的电话线路。

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