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全国人大代表白玛措:看到南周报道,我做了这些双碳调研

“我建议要扩大碳中和相关专业布点,特别是地方院校和中西部地区高校。另外,推动一些绿色双碳领域的专业人才将知识带到西部去,缩小东西部的差距。此外,我也建议要完善双碳领域职称评定体系。”

“接下来,我会关注双碳最新的变化和理念,关注在日常生活中,双碳对农牧民具象化的影响。希望今后可以和南方周末有更多的交流,在未来能够提交一份高质量的建议。”

南方周末记者 宋炳晨

责任编辑:曹海东

全国人大代表、西藏自治区社会科学院研究员白玛措。受访者供图

“西藏不仅需要更多的双碳人才,甚至在某些岗位上,需求比东部地区更为迫切。”看到南方周末的报道后,全国人大代表、西藏自治区社会科学院研究员白玛措意识到这一问题的紧迫性。

2024年11月,南方周末刊发《欢迎“绿领”》一文(具体参见南方周末2024年11月13日报道《欢迎“绿领”》),其中提到,绿色人才培养速度与绿色大潮还无法匹配,绿色技能人才的培养和供给体系尚无法有效满足市场需求的快速增长。白玛措看到这篇文章后,多次与南方周末沟通,并对文中提到的相关问题进行了调研。

在“双碳”目标推动下,西藏,这片拥有丰富清洁能源的高原之地,正迎来绿色转型的历史机遇。白玛措发现,当前西藏的高校在碳中和、绿色能源等专业上的布局较为滞后,足够的人才支撑,才能助力西藏“高水平打造国家清洁能源基地”的目标。

白玛措是一位以游牧社区为主要研究对象的人类学者,她认为,双碳不仅是自然科学的事情,社会科学一样能有所作为。2025年3月10日,白玛措接受了南方周末记者的采访。

缺少绿色复合型人才

南方周末:你当时是怎么关注到南方周末的这篇文章的?

白玛措:

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校对:吴依兰

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

资金不足新农合变更 农民普通病仅限县级以下医院

从今年元月份开始,山东、河南等地农村新农合医保参保农民的就医受到限制,医疗报销范围将限制在县级及以下医院。多位受访者表示,他们每年支付近四百多元医保费,今年将不能在县级或以上医院看一般性疾病,医院方面消息称,此乃社保局资金不足导致,这一情况引发了部分农民不满。

近期,河南洛阳等地县级以上医院在门诊挂号处贴出通告表示,市卫生部门要求,自2025年1月1日起,城乡居民参保患者,门诊统筹仅限基层定点医疗机构使用,即定点乡镇卫生院和村卫生室,到县级医院就诊者,不再享受门诊统筹报销。请相互告之。另有网传图片中显示,医院在玻璃上直接贴出写有“2025年新农合不再报销”的提示。

河南洛阳农民何女士本周四(13日)接受自由亚洲电台采访时表示,当她得知这个消息后“简直不敢相信是真的”。她说:“以前的新农合报销对我们老百姓看病还是很有帮助的,他们现在说在县级医院没有统筹,我觉得是不可能的。因为现在大部分老百姓,包括我的亲戚朋友,他们大部分看病报销几乎都去县级医院。”

官方解释是推动医疗资源下沉

根据医保局发出的通告表示,从2025年起,参加新农合医保的农民将只能在县级及以下医院进行就医,医疗费用报销也仅限这些医疗机构。还说,这项政策的出台,是国家在完善基层医疗体系、推动医疗资源下沉方面的重大举措,旨在提升县乡医院的服务能力,并推动医疗服务的均衡发展。这项新的政策规定,农民在看病时,如果选择县级医院以下的医疗机构治疗,能够按照医保标准获得相应的报销。然而,如果选择在省级或更高级别的医院就诊,医疗费用将不再纳入报销范围。政策实施后,很多农民将不得不改变以往的就医习惯,从大城市医院回归到本地或县级医院。

本台就此致电洛阳市医保局办公室和第一人民医院、第五人民医院,但始终无人接听。

山东临沂农民卢女士告诉本台,这项规定已经在当地实施。她说,今年的新农合医保不但从400元涨到480元,而且还限制了农民就医范围:“是的,这个消息是真的,(因为)医保局没钱,今年(医保费)涨到480元(每年),做大手术可以去县级医院,一般普通病症要下级小型社区医院。他们现在就这样做,他们医保没有钱支付。”

民众议论医保资金不足导致

新农合医保参与者卢女士说,现在看病需要在社区医院先确诊后,由医生决定是否要去县医院治疗,但是社区医院设备有限:“社区医院给患者检查或确诊时,他们的能力有限啊!他们的医疗手段也有限啊!这样一来给老百姓日常生活造成很大的不便。我最近上医院去,医院人员一直在说,哎呀,医保都没钱了,连医保用药都卡得非常死。”

云南香格里拉居民小钱告诉本台,新政策增加了农民看病的难度:“之前都可以的,现在门诊看病又报不了啦,现在一年要交四百元。”

河南郑州退休教师贾女士接受本台采访时说,新型农村合作医疗保险“被降级”,这很不公平。她说:“即使面对农民你也不应该这样,当初你对农民是怎么承诺的呀?你说只要参加新农合,无论去哪个医院看病都可报销。你这种各自为政的做法是否与中央的文件相抵触,当时国家发文给农民的承诺,只要参保,无论在哪个医院看病都行。”

根据官方解释,此地方政策出台,主要是为了减少基层医疗资源的过度流失,促进县级医院的建设和发展,同时也意在缓解大城市医院过度负担的问题。不过,对于农民而言,医疗服务的质量和就医的便利性问题仍是他们关心的焦点。

一些农民表示,县级医院的医疗水平和设备条件有限,难以满足一些复杂疾病的治疗需求,可能会影响他们的就医体验和正常多的生活。

责编:陈美华 许书婷

© REUTERS FILE

山东、河南等地农村新农合医保参保农民的就医从今年元月份开始受到限制,医疗报销范围将限制在县级及以下医院。

特斯拉为何在中国“失宠”

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特斯拉为何在中国“失宠”

艾莎
小米SU7超级电动汽车。曾经对特斯拉趋之若鹜的中国车主正日益转向本土品牌,这些品牌提供更高效、更高科技的汽车,有时价格只有特斯拉的一半。
小米SU7超级电动汽车。曾经对特斯拉趋之若鹜的中国车主正日益转向本土品牌,这些品牌提供更高效、更高科技的汽车,有时价格只有特斯拉的一半。 Manaure Quintero/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
中国是特斯拉在美国以外最重要的市场,多年来,它在那里一直占据主导地位。
今年10月,32岁的刘洁(音)决定买一辆电动汽车,特斯拉是她的首选之一。但在试驾了几辆中国汽车后,她选择了小米的一款运动型轿车。小米是一家以生产智能手机、电水壶和扫地机而闻名的消费电子产品制造商。
“小米更时尚,”刘洁上周在北京说。“特斯拉,对我来说,有点普通。到处都是特斯拉Model Y。”
买主们说这只是就事论事。特斯拉仍被视为顶级品牌,特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克在中国也很受尊敬。当他在上海出席该公司第一家海外工厂的开工仪式时,中国政府为他铺上了红毯。马斯克被誉引燃中国本土电动汽车行业的人。
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但现在,这个市场充满来自中国对手的血雨腥风。曾经对特斯拉趋之若鹜的中国车主正越来越多地转向本土品牌,这些本土品牌提供更高效、更科技的汽车,有时价格只有特斯拉的一半。
特斯拉最大的竞争对手、电动汽车巨头比亚迪在今年前两个月售出了481318辆汽车,比去年同期增长了四分之三以上。特斯拉在今年头两个月售出了60480辆汽车,比去年同期下降了14%。
上个月,一辆特斯拉Model Y停在北京的一个配送中心。特斯拉在中国仍然被视为顶级品牌,但现在来自中国对手的竞争更加激烈。
上个月,一辆特斯拉Model Y停在北京的一个配送中心。特斯拉在中国仍然被视为顶级品牌,但现在来自中国对手的竞争更加激烈。 Jessica Lee/EPA, via Shutterstock
就在马斯克成为特朗普总统的助手、负责削减联邦开支的时候,特斯拉在中国的销量正大幅下降。由于投资者回避特斯拉股票,该公司在过去一个月损失了近三分之一的市值。
在中国,比亚迪对特斯拉的威胁已经持续多年。过去三年中,比亚迪每年的汽车销量增加都在大约100万辆。比亚迪之所以受欢迎,部分原因在于它的汽车更便宜。地方政府有时会引导业务向比亚迪的方向发展,也起到了帮助作用。
但房地产危机和消费经济普遍放缓打击了家庭,严重削弱了人们的购物欲望,使所有汽车制造商都举步维艰。情况变得如此糟糕,以至于政府在一年前开始为消费者提供旧车置换补贴。政府上周还增加了激励措施。国内企业可以从补贴中受益,但特斯拉也是如此。
即使在经济放缓的情况下,对于买得起的人来说,豪华车仍然有市场。刘洁的预算约为29万元,她说,与她买的29.99万元的SU7 Max相比,特斯拉也是一个可负担的奢侈选项。尽管特斯拉提供五年期免息贷款,而小米不提供任何贷款。
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许多中国司机也愿意为自动驾驶等先进技术支付更高的价格,而特斯拉在这一领域一直落后,因为政府推迟了该公司类似或更好的技术的推出。
但特斯拉面临着另一个问题:需求。中国所有汽车的销量都在放缓。
2024年北京车展上展出的小米SU7的内部。
2024年北京车展上展出的小米SU7的内部。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
这跟旨在用电动汽车取代高油耗汽车的政策有一定关系。在上海和北京等城市,车主可以以旧车换新车,并获得1.5万元的补贴。在一些特斯拉经销店,员工们在墙上贴满了被买家换下的汽车照片——从保时捷到梅赛德斯,甚至偶尔还有中国车。
但是以旧换新通常是一次性的。
许多经销商觉得卖车越来越难了。“两年前还可以,但现在市场已经饱和了,”上海一汽大众经销店的销售人员陈家明(音)说。这家经销店是大众集团与国有的一汽集团合作经营的。
陈家明在“新能源汽车区”工作,它位于上海中山公园附近一个购物中心的地下室,该中心在三年前由一个美食广场改造而成,当时正值电动汽车在中国兴起。
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最近一个工作日,商场地下室的十几个经销商中有些已经离开,里面的灯是熄灭的。一排抓娃娃机照亮了另一片空地。陈家明说,为了不让一汽大众经销店关门,商场给了它七个月的免租金待遇。
“我认为特斯拉在中国的竞争力最多只能持续两三年,”拥有一辆比亚迪的陈家明说。他还说,与本土竞争对手相比,特斯拉的自动驾驶技术已不再领先。
2023年,中国苏州的比亚迪展厅。该公司是特斯拉最大的竞争对手。
2023年,中国苏州的比亚迪展厅。该公司是特斯拉最大的竞争对手。 Qilai Shen for The New York Times
经过多年游说,特斯拉终于在上月被允许向中国司机提供其自动驾驶技术的一个版本。该功能比美国的特斯拉司机可以使用的全自动驾驶功能低一个级别。在中国,想获得必要软件升级的司机必须额外支付6.4万元。
在附近的中国电动汽车制造商极狐汽车经销店工作的夏丽芳(音)表示,年轻的买家更喜欢中国品牌。她说,特斯拉和比亚迪仍然是中国最受信任的品牌,但90后和00后更愿意尝试新品牌。
“我们的车比特斯拉好看,”夏丽芳笑着说。
她还说:“买一辆特斯拉的钱可以买两辆我们的车。”

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SpaceX launch meant to get stranded astronauts home postponed

BBC Breaking NewsBBC

A SpaceX mission that aimed to clear the way for two stranded astronauts to get back to earth has been postponed.

The launch from Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force Station was put back due to a hydraulic ground issue. There is another possible launch opportunity on Thursday.

The rocket aimed to fly four new crew members to the International Space Station (ISS) and pave the way for the return of Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore.

The two NASA astronauts flew to space in June but were not able to return on a Boeing spacecraft after it was deemed unsafe. The pair would be able to return to earth within days of the SpaceX mission reaching the ISS.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

Government Shutdown Looms With Senate Democrats Opposing 6-Month Funding Bill

The top Senate Democrat said his members were not ready to provide the votes to allow the Republican-written stopgap spending measure to pass ahead of a Friday night deadline. There is still time for a reversal.

© Haiyun Jiang for The New York Times

Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and the minority leader, with Senator Patty Murray. The standoff puts Senate Democrats at risk of being blamed for any shutdown.

Trump’s Big Bet: Americans Will Tolerate Economic Downturn to Restore Manufacturing

The president offers many reasons for imposing tariffs, including revenue, leverage over competitors and job creation. But history suggests a more complex history.

© Maansi Srivastava for The New York Times

President Trump has acknowledged in recent days that the United States may be headed into a recession, even as he doubles down on imposing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, China and the European Union.

Europe Expected a Transactional Trump. It Got Something Else.

Europe had been banking on a United States that wanted to make a deal on tariffs and trade. With little progress in that direction, it’s reluctantly starting to hit back.

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

President Trump at a business round table in Washington, this week. After American tariffs on steel and aluminum kicked in on Wednesday, Europe announced a sweeping package of retaliatory tariffs.

China Cools on Musk: ‘Two Cars for the Price of One Tesla’

Elon Musk, the company’s chief executive, is fast losing out to Chinese electric carmakers in Tesla’s second-most-important market.

© Manaure Quintero/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

A Xiaomi SU7 ultra electric car. Chinese drivers that once flocked to Tesla are turning more and more to local brands that offer more efficient cars with better technology, sometimes at half the price.

SpaceX launch that aimed to get stranded astronauts home postponed

BBC Breaking NewsBBC

A SpaceX mission that aimed to clear the way for two stranded astronauts to get back to earth has been postponed.

The launch from Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force Station was put back due to a hydraulic ground issue. There is another possible launch opportunity on Thursday.

The rocket aimed to fly four new crew members to the International Space Station (ISS) and pave the way for the return of Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore.

The two NASA astronauts flew to space in June but were not able to return on a Boeing spacecraft after it was deemed unsafe. The pair would be able to return to earth within days of the SpaceX mission reaching the ISS.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

A man called Bombshell fires up Zimbabwe's succession battle

Blessed Geza / Facebook A close-up of Blessed Geza, in a grey suit and shirt, looks into the camera with furrowed brow.Blessed Geza / Facebook
Blessed "Bombshell" Geza has gone into hiding and been expelled from the ruling party for his outspoken remarks

A long convoy of armoured personnel tanks rolling through a Harare neighbourhood sparked concerns - for a brief moment - that a military coup was afoot in Zimbabwe.

"What's going on in Zimbabwe?" one person posted on social media. Another said: "The last time this happened there was a coup."

Government spokesman Nick Mangwana was quick to allay the public's fears, explaining the tanks were in the capital that mid-February morning as part of a scheduled exercise to test equipment and were "nothing to be concerned about".

Yet the chatter and speculation continued, revealing much about the state of the country.

Ahead of the routine military drill, President Emmerson Mnangagwa had, for the first time since becoming president in 2017, faced harsh criticism about his leadership from within his Zanu-PF party with calls for him to step down.

The accusations evoked memories of the lead-up to the coup that toppled his predecessor, long-time leader Robert Mugabe.

He had come to power in 1980 as the revolutionary hero who ended decades of white-minority rule. But his demise was heralded when veterans of the 1970s war of independence withdrew their support for him.

It was a war veteran and senior Zanu-PF member named Blessed Geza, also known as "Bombshell", who launched a verbal offensive against Mnangagwa.

He became angered when some within the party began pushing to change the country's laws to allow for the president to seek a third term.

In a series of often expletive-laden press conferences, gritty-voiced and with a furrowed forehead, he repeatedly called on the 82-year-old president to go or face being removed.

"I must apologise for helping him come into office," said Geza in one press conference aired on social media about the president, who goes by the nickname "The Crocodile".

"As soon as he [Mnangagwa] had the taste of power, he escalated corruption, forgot the people and only remembered his family," said the outspoken war veteran, who was then a member of Zanu-PF's powerful central committee.

"Mnangagwa has also surrendered state power to his wife and children. We sadly see history repeating itself. We can't allow that to happen."

AFP Journalist Blessed Mhlanga in a khaki shirt frowns as he is surrounded by police outside court in Harare.AFP
Journalist Blessed Mhlanga was arrested last month for interviewing Bombshell

Zanu-PF was outraged by his "disloyal" remarks - later described as "amounting to treason" - forcing Bombshell into hiding from where, through his representatives, he continues to make taunts via social media, hinting at protests.

He is wanted by the police on four charges, including vehicle theft, undermining the authority of the president and inciting public violence.

Blessed Mhlanga, the journalist who first interviewed Bombshell back in November, has also been arrested on charges of transmitting a message that incites violence.

Trouble began brewing over Mnangagwa's ambitions to stay in office during Zanu-PF rallies last year. The president is currently serving his second and final term, which expires in 2028.

The slogan "2030 he will still be the leader" began to be uttered by his supporters despite Zimbabwe's constitution limiting presidential terms to two five-year terms.

They argued that he would need to remain in office to complete his "Agenda 2030" development programme as he was doing such great work.

A motion was then adopted unanimously at Zanu-PF's conference in December that did not explicitly speak of a third term but sought to extend Mnangagwa's existing term until 2030.

Despite a recent assurance from Mnangagwa that he did intend to step down in three years, the influential Roman Catholic bishops have become involved.

In a pastoral letter last week, Zimbabwe's Catholic Bishops Conference warned that the 2030 debate was a distraction from the things that truly mattered - business closures, high unemployment, rampant corruption and economic policies that favour the wealthy at the expense of ordinary Zimbabweans.

Presidential spokesman George Charamba expressed his disappointment about the clerics' pronouncement, telling the state-run Herald newspaper the matter was now "dead and buried".

Nonetheless, Bombshell's message seems to have landed. It has resulted in a purge in Zanu-PF, with the expulsion of Geza and some of his allies.

Yet political analyst Takura Zhangazha says Geza's outburst is unlikely to galvanise crowds to his cause.

AFP Zimbabweans celebrate with soldiers on the street including a woman in a red T-shirt and black cardigan holding a machine gun in 2017AFP
Zimbabweans took to the streets to thank the army when Robert Mugabe was ousted

These days people are less interested in such political spectacles, he says, unlike at the time of Mugabe's downfall when Zimbabweans, including opposition party supporters, turned out en masse to support the coup - thanking the military and the war veterans.

"Even that attempt by Geza to talk about corruption and the plight of the workers - it's not going to get people riled up, organising, mobilising. They don't have that capacity or interest any more," he tells the BBC.

"I can promise you there's no repeat of 2017 before 2028," he said, adding that Zimbabweans feel they were used in the ousting of Mugabe and would not be brought out on the streets again for Zanu-PF's internal battles.

This is also because there are splits across the political landscape, including a weak opposition.

Even the war veterans do not represent a united front, Mr Zhangazha says.

Geza has previously voiced support in the succession debate for Vice-President Constantine Chiwenga, the 68-year-old former army chief, but other war veterans are known to back the 2030 agenda.

Political analyst Alexander Rusero says it is important to understand the war veterans' influential role in both Zimbabwe and Zanu-PF.

"They see themselves as caretakers, so you can't wish away their sentiments," he tells the BBC.

However, he believes that the current grievances aired by the likes of Bombshell are prompted more by self-regard than public interest.

"They feel as if they are excluded from the cake that they should otherwise be enjoying," he tells the BBC.

Mr Zhangazha agrees that those who show loyalty within the governing party are likely to benefit from things like tenders, government contracts, access to housing, land and agricultural inputs such as fertiliser and seeds.

For Jameson Timba, the leader of a faction of the main opposition party, the Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC), it all sums up the state of politics in Zimbabwe.

"You have a country where the economic situation is deteriorating. People can hardly afford more than one meal a day," he told the BBC.

"We have major supermarket chains which are literally closing down," he said, referencing the economic woes facing OK Zimbabwe, one of the country's biggest retailers that has been forced to close several big branches with empty shelves in others.

Mr Zhangazha noted the forecast for the fragile economy looks even more grim thanks to the fallout from the recent suspension of USAID.

Getty Images Zimbabwe's President Emmerson Mnangagwa in sunglasses and wearing a suit and sash in the colours of Zimbabwe and a chain and star of office holds up his fists.Getty Images
Emmerson Mnangagwa, once Mugabe's deputy, took over as Zimbabwe's leader after the 2017 coup promising a new start for the country

Timba is still recovering from a five-month stint in jail, spending most of his incarceration sitting on a concrete floor, sharing a cell and toilet with 80 people.

He was arrested in June, along with more than 70 others, for hosting an "unlawful meeting" at his private residence when he held a barbeque to mark the International Day of the African Child.

His treatment - and those of his fellow detainees - reflected how opposition politics was being criminalised, he told the BBC.

"The country is facing challenges. Any leader or government worth his salt would actually call for an early election, to check and determine whether they still have the mandate of the people," he said.

"To do the opposite represents a joke essentially [when] you're talking about extending a term of office."

However, there is little chance of an early vote.

For now, Bombshell remains in hiding and the elections are years away - but the succession debate will keep cooking.

More about Zimbabwe from the BBC:

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Go to BBCAfrica.com for more news from the African continent.

Follow us on Twitter @BBCAfrica, on Facebook at BBC Africa or on Instagram at bbcafrica

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中国军舰环澳航行为何引发轩然大波

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中国军舰环澳航行为何引发轩然大波

VICTORIA KIM
澳大利亚军方上个月公布的照片显示,中国派往澳洲的舰队包括一艘巡洋舰(左上)和一艘补给舰。这些舰艇的动向一个月来一直让澳大利亚军兑处于警戒状态。
澳大利亚军方上个月公布的照片显示,中国派往澳洲的舰队包括一艘巡洋舰(左上)和一艘补给舰。这些舰艇的动向一个月来一直让澳大利亚军兑处于警戒状态。 Australian Defense Force
在将近一个月的时间里,澳大利亚军队一直处于戒备状态,因为一支中国海军舰队未事先通报的情况下环绕该大陆航行。舰队的船只进出澳大利亚的专属经济区,在商业飞行空域附近发射实弹,迫使数十架民航班机在飞行途中改变航线。舰队还驶过了西澳大利亚的珀斯,一艘来访的美国核潜艇前几天曾停靠在附近的海军基地。
中国军舰终于在上周末向北驶向印度尼西亚方向。
虽然澳大利亚官员多次向公众保证,中国舰艇的出现和行为完全符合国际法,但这次航行是中国海军有史以来到达的最南端,并让澳大利亚深感不安。
这迫使澳大利亚不得不认真地审视本国日益老化的舰队,在军事上对遥远盟友美国的依赖,以及最大的贸易伙伴中国日益强大的军事实力等问题。
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中国派出的三艘舰艇(一艘巡洋舰、一艘护卫舰、一艘补给油料舰)在技术上和战略上都没有什么突出之处。中国强大的海军早已展示了覆盖广阔水域的能力,及其超级舰艇的实力。
事实上,这次航行最终突出的是澳大利亚自身的不足:分析人士和前海军官员称,澳大利亚海军是该国自第二次世界大战以来舰艇最陈旧、规模最小的海军。澳大利亚海军有两艘对远程航行至关重要的油料舰(中国海军的这次航行就使用了这种舰船),但那两艘油料舰都已暂时停用几个月了。中国这次派遣的两艘军舰上共有144个舰载导弹垂直发射系统,而澳大利亚皇家海军的10艘军舰加起来总共只有200个这种系统。
“中国人正在我们自己的后院里让我们难堪,”研究军事支出和能力的专家马库斯·赫勒说,他曾在澳大利亚国防部工作。
“我们甚至没有环绕自己国家航行的能力。他们真的触及了我们的痛处,”他说。当然,澳大利亚军队能依赖新西兰等友好国家,在这两个国家对中国舰队进行联合监视期间,新西兰为一艘在塔斯曼海航行的澳大利亚舰艇加了油。
中国舰队在澳大利亚引发的轩然大波表明,在美国最坚定的盟友们正在被迫重新审视与华盛顿关系的长期假定之际,中国有可能利用这一机会。美国尚未对中国舰艇的出现发表官方评论,尽管中国的行动恰逢一名美国高级指挥官和一艘美国潜艇访问澳大利亚。
上个月,一艘美国潜艇曾在西澳大利亚州的罗金厄姆停靠。澳大利亚已大力加强了与美国的军事同盟关系。
上个月,一艘美国潜艇曾在西澳大利亚州的罗金厄姆停靠。澳大利亚已大力加强了与美国的军事同盟关系。 Pool photo by Colin Murty
中国官员已表示,中国海军正在国际水域进行训练,这与所有国家海军的做法一样,没有什么可解释或道歉的。
但这并没有阻止澳大利亚对中国这次行动的时间选择和试图传递的信息进行猜测。就在特朗普政府颠覆人们对美国继续支持欧洲和乌克兰等盟友的预期之际,中国海军舰队进行了环澳洲航行。澳大利亚即将举行联邦选举,中国军舰的出现差不多确保了国防将成为选举的主要议题。
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“就在美国展示其不可靠性的时候,中国海军凸显了澳大利亚的脆弱性,”《悉尼先驱晨报》政治和国际部编辑彼得·哈彻尔上个月写道。他写道,在华盛顿的“恣意行事”和中国军队动作频频之间,“我们如此脆弱,以至于未来十年我们将几乎毫无防御之力。”
在过去几年里,澳大利亚的安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯政府一直在努力稳定澳中关系,在上届政府执政期间,两国关系跌至低谷,中国实施了给澳大利亚带来严重损害的贸易限制措施。
与此同时,澳大利亚已大力加强了与美国的军事联盟。今年2月,澳大利亚向华盛顿支付了五亿美元,以加强美国的潜艇工业,这笔钱也是最终购买美国二手核动力潜艇的首付款,购买这种潜艇是澳大利亚与美国和英国达成名为AUKUS的安全协议的一部分。
上个月,美国国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯曾对他的澳大利亚同行理查德·马尔斯表示,特朗普总统对澳英美三方协议“非常了解,非常支持”。但几周后,当记者问特朗普是否会与英国首相讨论AUKUS时,特朗普问道:“那是什么意思?”
民众在海军周期间参观悉尼的一个基地,摄于上周六。
民众在海军周期间参观悉尼的一个基地,摄于上周六。 Izhar Khan/Getty Images
澳大利亚在今年2月初首次发现了中国军舰,一艘军舰出现在澳洲北部,另外两艘出现在东北部。澳大利亚对这些军舰进行了跟踪,它们在澳洲东海岸以外的公海向南行驶,曾在悉尼附近进入澳大利亚的专属经济区。
澳大利亚民众对中国海军舰队的不安今年2月21日彻底演变为恐慌。那天,一名正在澳大利亚与新西兰之间的塔斯曼海上空飞行的民航飞行员收到中国军舰发出的无线电警告,称中国军舰将在该水域进行实弹演习。该飞行员通知了澳大利亚民航服务部门,后者紧急调整了飞越该水域的航班,最终有近50个民航班机改线。
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虽然中国海军的演习让澳大利亚和新西兰感到惊讶,但两国都承认舰队的航行合法。其中一艘舰艇有可能携带对地攻击导弹或反舰弹道导弹。
中国对澳洲反应的回应基本上就是:习惯就好了。
“作为该区域的一个大国,作为一个需要关注许多事务的国家,中国向区域的不同地方派遣舰艇进行各种活动是正常的,”中国驻澳大利亚大使肖千接受澳大利亚国家广播公司采访时说。
悉尼的HMAS Kuttabul海军基地,摄于上周六。澳大利亚政府计划对海军舰队进行升级,但一些专家对澳大利亚的工业能否完成这个任务表示怀疑。
悉尼的HMAS Kuttabul海军基地,摄于上周六。澳大利亚政府计划对海军舰队进行升级,但一些专家对澳大利亚的工业能否完成这个任务表示怀疑。 Izhar Khan/Getty Images
中国的海军已经是世界上规模最大的海军,而且还在迅速扩大,同时在亚洲其他地区积极展示自己的存在。日本防卫大臣上个月表示,中国海军舰艇去年在琉球群岛周边海域航行事例共68起(琉球群岛位于九州和台湾之间),与2021年的21起相比大幅增加。
“他们正在逐渐但非常稳定地扩大影响力,向世界展示他们有能力在自己选择的任何时间去他们想去的任何地方,”澳大利亚海军前副司令罗文·莫菲特说。“我们看不出有任何理由认为他们今天会有意将其能力用于对付我们。但如果意图发生了改变,他们是有能力那样做。”
但对一些人来说,中国舰队的出现提醒了人们敌对国家到达澳大利亚海岸的可能性。
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“我们一直认为,冲突是我们可以选择参与与否、发生在世界另一端的事情,”曾在海军服役20年的海军专家詹妮弗·帕克说。
阿尔巴尼斯政府去年宣布了扩大和升级澳大利亚海军舰队的雄伟目标,但预计要到2030年代才能看到结果,一些专家对澳大利亚的工业能否完成这一任务持怀疑态度。
澳大利亚军舰曾在中国附近航行,穿越过台湾海峡,也参加过在南中国海举行的联合演习。(中国国防部发言人曾问澳大利亚是否会事先通知中国政府将在中国附近举行演习。)但中国附近的这些水域是繁忙的海上通道,多个国家在那里有利益交织,而派军舰前往澳大利亚以南的海域或塔斯曼海的唯一原因是传递信息,海事透明度计划SeaLight的负责人雷·鲍威尔说道,他曾担任美国驻堪培拉的国防武官。
“那个信息就是,我们能够让你处于危险之中,”他说。

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'Criminal' lack of cash leaves nine in 10 high-risk toxic sites unchecked

Getty Images A power station pumps smoke into the skyGetty Images
Sites with possible contaminated land could be where old factories, power stations, railway lines or landfill sites once were

Thousands of sites potentially contaminated with toxic chemicals have never been checked by councils, a BBC investigation has found.

Nine out of 10 "high-risk" areas have not been tested by councils responding to a BBC Freedom of Information request, and scientists fear they could pose a health risk.

The sites are thought to contain substances such as lead or arsenic.

The BBC Shared Data Unit found of 13,093 potentially toxic sites that councils have identified as high risk, only 1,465 have been inspected.

The UK government has said that local unitary authorities have a statutory duty to inspect potentially contaminated sites but councils claim they do not have the money to do it.

The research comes after the release of new Netflix drama Toxic Town which tells the story of families fighting for justice following one of the UK's biggest environmental scandals.

The BBC's findings raise fresh questions about what exactly has been left beneath our feet from the UK's heavy industrial past.

"What we don't do in this country is do a full economic evaluation on the cost of things, including health and that feels almost criminal," said Dr Ian Mudway, a leading expert on the effect of pollution on human health.

"I'm not even certain we've achieved the point of scratching the surface."

Contaminated land is a site that might have been polluted from its previous use - it could have been a factory, power station, a railway line, landfill site, petrol station or dry cleaners.

If you live in a property constructed after 2000, any contamination issues should be covered by updated planning laws.

How much land is contaminated in the UK?

But if you live in a property built before 2000, the rules are less clear.

The Environmental Protection Act requires councils to list all potential contaminated sites, and inspect the high-risk ones to make sure people and property are not at risk.

But after contacting all 122 unitary authorities in Wales, Scotland and England about their contaminated land, 73 responded to the BBC's Shared Data Unit Freedom of Information request which revealed there were 430,000 potential sites identified in the early 2000s.

Of those, 13,093 were considered to be potentially high-risk, which experts said should have then been subject to physical testing. Yet, more than 11,000 of them remain unchecked to this day.

Half of Wales' 22 councils told the BBC they could not or would not give us figures - but those that did, identified 698 high-risk sites of which 586 have not been inspected.

An aerial shot of the River Ystwyth valley. The river is on the left of the photo and there are houses in the green fields to the right of photo.
Despite the stunning backdrop, the River Ystwyth that flows through Cwmystwyth in mid Wales is among the most heavily polluted rivers in the UK due to the area's industrial past

Where Robin Morris lives is home to more than 400 of Wales' 1,300 abandoned metal mines and its three rivers, the Ystwyth, Rheidol and the Clarach, are some of the most heavily-polluted in the UK.

The Cwmystwyth mines in north Ceredigion date back to the Bronze Age and were abandoned in 1950, but spoils including a high level of zinc, cadmium and lead scatter the landscape and have polluted the River Ystwyth below.

Many Cwmystwyth locals, like Robin, have filtration systems installed if they receive their water from the hills where the old mines were.

"We installed an advance filtration system and were assured it would take absolutely everything," he said.

'Alarm bells'

The BBC took a soil sample from Robin's garden on the banks of the Ystwyth and it revealed a very high reading of lead - well above the recommended safe level for gardening.

"It causes alarm bells to ring," Robin told BBC Wales Investigates.

"In light of the figures from your soil sample, we should have stopped growing vegetables long ago."

It's just one sample, but other things that have happened in the past now seem to make more sense.

Robin Morris in a blue shirt near his home on the banks of the River Ystwyth in mid Wales.
Robin Morris added a water filtration system to his home's water supply so he can drink clean water

"We had ducks and chickens, a couple of the ducks went lame and we did consult the vet, he thought it was because of lead contamination," added Robin.

Ceredigion council said it was liaising with Wales' environmental body National Resources Wales to continually assess the health impact from the area's mining legacy.

Dr Mudway insists there was "no safe level" of lead and told the BBC it could impact children's development as well as kidney and cardiovascular disease in adults.

"Nothing is more of a forever chemical than lead," added the environmental toxicologist at Imperial College London.

"This is a hazard that has not gone away and is still a clear and present danger to the population.

Dr Ian Mudway in a white lab coat at his university. He is looking at the camera, he has grey hair and is wearing a pair of glasses.
Dr Ian Mudway wants to raise public awareness of lead and other toxic chemicals

"It's one of the few chemical entities for which we can calculate a global burden of disease - between half a million to just under a million premature deaths per year because of the release of lead into our environment.

"When you talk about the cost of ensuring that land is safe... that costs money up front.

"The costs of potential health effects, especially if they contribute to chronic diseases which people live with for 10 or 20 years, or the costs of remediating land, after when you realise that it's a high-level, dwarf the profits made at the other end of that cycle. That feels almost criminal.

"The health cost is hardly considered at all."

Huw Chiswell Manon Chiswell with her father Huw. Huw is looking at the camera and has his mouth open. He is wearing a blue shirt with a dark-grey cardigan over the top. He has black shades on and grey hair. He is holding his daughter, who is in the right of the photo, she has light-brown hair, and is wearing a white top. The sea and beach are behind them.Huw Chiswell
Huw Chiswell believes his daughter was most likely poisoned at their home

When Manon Chiswell was a toddler she suddenly stopped talking - doctors advised her family she was showing lots of autistic traits.

"I do have memories of being very closely monitored in Meithrin [nursery]... I always had an adult with me," said Manon, now 20.

"I couldn't speak... they had to use a traffic light system, and yes or no cards to redirect me and help me communicate."

But a blood test later found high levels of lead in Manon's blood.

She was not autistic, she had been poisoned.

Her father, Huw Chiswell, believed Manon was most likely poisoned at their home in Cardiff, which was near an old industrial site.

Manon Chiswell is looking at the camera. She is sat on a picnic table with her hand on the table itself. She has blue nail varnish and blue fingerless gloves. She is wearing a black leather jacket under a black t-shirt.
A blood test found high levels of lead in Manon's blood

"She used to eat earth [as a toddler] in the garden," he said.

"There were railway sidings not far from where we lived at the time, so it's difficult to draw any other conclusions really, because once she'd stopped the eating, she got better."

But it is not just about lead - a government report suggests that sites posing the greatest health risks were also contaminated by chemicals such as arsenic, nickel, chromium, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in soil or water.

PA Media A picture of Zane Gbangbola. Someone is holding the large photo which has Zane who is of mixed heritage and has curly hair. PA Media
An inquest into Zane Gbangbola's death concluded he was killed by carbon monoxide but his parents dispute the coroner's verdict

Campaigners want a new law forcing councils to keep a public register of all potential contaminated sites.

It is led by the parents of a seven-year-old boy who died from poisonous gas after the River Thames flooded their home in 2014, and they believe the fumes came from a nearby landfill.

Zane's law - named after Zane Gbangbola - also calls for measures such as more money for councils to identify and test possible sites.

"You have to know that it exists before you can protect yourself," said Zane's dad Kye Gbangbola, who was left paralysed after the gas poisoning.

"Until we have Zane's Law people will remain unprotected."

When tighter regulations on dealing with potentially contaminated land became law 25 years ago, the minister that pushed them through wanted just that.

Now John Selwyn Gummer feels UK government funding cuts has meant far fewer inspections.

John Selwyn Gummer in a blue suit is to the left of the image, looking slightly away from the camera.
John Selwyn Gummer, now Lord Deben, was secretary of state for the environment between 1993 and 1997

"There is no way in which local authorities can do this job without having the resources," said Lord Deben.

"Successive governments have under-provided for the work that we need to do."

'There's a possibility some people's health is being threatened'

Several councils have told the BBC that funding is the reason they had stopped checking possible contaminated land.

Phil Hartley was one of hundreds of officers across the UK that used to check potential sites and Newcastle's former council contamination officer.

He said the central government grant removal had led to a "collapse" in checks.

"Since the money dried up very, very few councils proactively go out looking for contaminated land sites because the council doesn't want to take the risk of finding them," said Mr Hartley.

"There's a possibility that some people's health is being threatened, which is not great."

The UK government said local authorities had a statutory duty to inspect potentially contaminated sites, require remediation and maintain a public register of remediated land.

"Any risk to public health from contaminated land is a serious matter," a spokesperson from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs said.

They also asked the Environment Agency to produce a new state of contaminated land report to provide the "best possible baseline of data to measure future policies related to contaminated land against".

The bodies that represent councils in Wales and England both said a lack of cash meant they could not fulfil their duty.

The Welsh Local Government Association said while Wales' 22 councils took their responsibility to check sites "seriously", progress was "increasingly constrained by a lack of dedicated funding and specialist resources".

England's Local Government Association said: "Without adequate funding, councils will continue to struggle to provide crucial services - with devastating consequences for those who rely on them."

You can watch Britain's Toxic Secret on BBC iPlayer and BBC One on Thursday 13 March at 20:30 GMT

New endometriosis pill approved on NHS in England

Getty Images A woman with dark hair turns to one side and holds a while pill to her lips, as if she is about to swallow itGetty Images

The first daily pill for treating endometriosis symptoms has been approved for use on the NHS in England - but only for patients who have tried all other options.

Endometriosis affects 1.5 million women in the UK, causing pain and extreme tiredness as a result of tissue similar to the womb lining growing elsewhere in the body.

The new tablet, known as relugolix combination therapy, has been approved by drug assessment body the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and, unlike current injectable treatments, it can be taken at home.

The charity Endometriosis UK said the pill gives patients more choice, but will help only a relatively small number of people.

What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

  • severe period pain that stops you from doing normal activities
  • very heavy periods
  • pain when you poo or pee
  • other symptoms can include pain in your lower tummy, pain after sex, fatigue, shortness of breath, low mood, anxiety
  • difficulty getting pregnant

The new combination therapy pill works by blocking specific hormones that contribute to the condition, while also providing replacement hormones that are needed.

It will only be available on the NHS for people who have already tried all other medical and surgical treatments and found they did not help, NICE said - equivalent to 1,000 women a year.

This includes treatments such as hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine delivery systems.

Helen Knight, director of medicines evaluation at NICE, said it marked "a potential step-change in how we manage endometriosis, putting control back in patients' hands while ensuring value for the taxpayer".

She said the treatment could be stopped and started more easily than other treatments, which is important for those planning to have children and for managing side effects.

That could also reduce pressure on NHS services, she added.

NICE initially rejected the drug, but new evidence was provided by the manufacturer on its effectiveness and value for money.

'Collapsing in pain'

Ami Clarke Ami is propped up in a hospital bed with a large white pillow behind her head and tubes coming out of her hand - there is a pot of pasta in front of her and she is smilingAmi Clarke
Ami posts about her life with endometriosis on social media as "positivami"

Ami Clarke, 27, from St. Albans, started experiencing endometriosis symptoms after her very first period, aged 13.

She was not diagnosed until 10 years later - by then she had tried six different contraceptive pills to find a way of helping her pain, but nothing seemed to work.

"I came off the pill and that's when my periods became absolutely, completely unmanageable. They took over my life. I wasn't going to university, I wasn't going to work," Ami says.

"If I was going to work, I was collapsing in pain consistently every single month."

Ami kept going back to her GP because the pain was "completely unbearable".

"I was just so desperate, my mental health was on the floor. I don't even know how I survived. It was like 20 to 25 days out of the month where I was just completely bed-bound," she told the BBC.

Ami had her first surgery in October 2021, which reduced the pain for seven or eight months, but then it gradually came back. A second operation in April 2024 was not as successful. She is now trying to raise enough money to have a third surgery, privately.

Ami says it is good to hear that further treatment is being developed for endometriosis because "a lot of the time it feels like you're being left in the dark".

Usually, the first treatments for endometriosis, after pain relievers, are hormone injections which temporarily shut down the body's production of estrogen. This is the hormone that causes endometriosis tissue to grow and cause pain.

However, patients often need to travel to hospitals to have the injections, which last for up to three months.

With the new all-in-one tablet, there is no need for patients to remember to take hormone replacement therapy as a separate tablet.

It can be stopped quickly if side effects are difficult and taken up until the menopause.

"It's a step forward and will give patients more choice, but it will impact a relatively small number of people," says Emma Cox, chief executive of Endometriosis UK.

"We need to see more investment in other research and treatments," she added.

The treatment will cost £72 for a 28-day supply, NICE said.

SpaceX launch that aimed to get stranded astronauts home postponed

BBC Breaking NewsBBC

A SpaceX mission that aimed to clear the way for two stranded astronauts to get back to earth has been postponed.

The launch from Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force Station was put back due to a hydraulic ground issue. There is another possible launch opportunity on Thursday.

The rocket aimed to fly four new crew members to the International Space Station (ISS) and pave the way for the return of Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore.

The two NASA astronauts flew to space in June but were not able to return on a Boeing spacecraft after it was deemed unsafe. The pair would be able to return to earth within days of the SpaceX mission reaching the ISS.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

Murdered girl's mum says dad would 'never harm' her

Sarah Hall A mum smiles as she looks at her daughter, to her left, pulling a silly face at the camera. They are in the foreground and behind them is the sea and a beach. Sarah Hall
Sarah Hall said the death of her daughter Scarlett and the aftermath had been a "never-ending nightmare"

In January, Simon Vickers was found guilty of murdering his 14-year-old daughter Scarlett after a jury rejected his claim he had killed her in a play-fight. His partner, Scarlett's mother, is adamant it was an accident.

It's the question Sarah Hall will hear for the rest of her life - how can she possibly support the man who was convicted of murdering her daughter?

"I know he'd never harm Scarlett," she insists.

Ms Hall claims 5 July had been a normal Friday night at the family's Darlington home.

She says the close-knit trio, who dubbed themselves the Three S's, called them "happy Fridays" as it meant another week of work and school was over.

Sarah Hall A woman is seated on a sofa, looking at the camera. She has long, dark hair and is wearing dark clothes. Behind her, slightly out of focus, is a portrait of her late daughter. Sarah Hall
Sarah Hall says losing her daughter and then her husband going to prison is a "never-ending nightmare"

Scarlett ate her dinner and spent the evening in her bedroom, chatting with friends and playing games online.

Her parents drank wine and watched the men's European Football Championships on TV in the living room.

Vickers also smoked some cannabis, something he regularly did to ease backache caused by his manual job in a factory, Ms Hall says.

At about 22:00 BST, the teenager joined her parents in their small kitchen where her mother was putting the finishing touches to the adults' tea, spaghetti bolognese and garlic bread.

Ms Hall becomes very emotional when she describes what happened next.

She and her daughter were throwing grapes into each other's mouths, she says, having "just a fun fight".

Vickers also joined in. As Ms Hall was busy draining off the pasta in the sink, her partner of 27 years and their daughter were "mucking about by the back door".

Precisely what happened next is still the source of much confusion for her, but she is certain it was not criminal.

Sarah Hall A father and daughter look into the camera. The dad is smiling and has stubble and a navy blue had on. The daughter is a teenager with dark hair, she is doing a 'peace' sign to the camera.Sarah Hall
Scarlett Vickers' dad Simon has been jailed for her murder

During the play-fight, Ms Hall says she accidentally nipped Vickers with the kitchen tongs.

He reacted and Scarlett "jokingly" called him a wimp, Ms Hall says.

Vickers replied "how would you like it" and swiped the tongs across the worktop towards his daughter, Ms Hall says.

A kitchen knife had been placed next to the tongs, ready to cut the garlic bread, and Ms Hall believes the utensil caught the knife and wedged it against a granite chopping board, leaving the blade protruding out from the bench.

At that same moment, Scarlett moved towards her dad, perhaps in a bid to grab the tongs, and ran on to the blade, Ms Hall says.

'Something seriously wrong'

During Vickers' trial, he also claimed the injury was inflicted accidentally, but a pathologist said it was "practically impossible" for it to have been caused by anything other than a knife being held firmly in a hand.

Vickers initially said he hurled a knife instead of what he thought was a spatula, but also told paramedics and police at the scene Scarlett had "lunged" towards him and the blade "just went in".

Sentencing Vickers, judge Mr Justice Cotter said he had "no doubt" Scarlett's father had been holding the knife.

What Ms Hall knows for sure is her daughter cried "ow", then blood started to pour from her side.

"I just thought 'that's not right, there's something seriously wrong'," Ms Hall says.

Google A police van parked outside a grey-rendered two-storey semidetached home on a street of houses. Blue and white police tape has been stretched around the house and about eight bouquets of flowers and some balloons have been left leaning against the small brick wall in front of the home.Google
Scarlett Vickers died at her home in Darlington in July

Ms Hall grabbed a tea towel to try and stem the bleeding, her daughter collapsing to the floor.

Vickers took over from her and shouted at Ms Hall to call 999.

It took the ambulance what "felt like forever" to come, but paramedics were actually there within minutes and immediately started trying to save Scarlett's life.

Their efforts were in vain.

Scarlett died from a single 4in-deep (11cm) stab wound to her chest.

The blade needed only mild force to pass between her ribs and into her heart, causing catastrophic bleeding, a pathologist would later say.

'Becoming an incredible woman'

The police arrived and Ms Hall and Vickers were arrested for attempted murder and taken to separate police stations.

When Ms Hall was given the news her daughter had died, she cried: "No, no, please no. My little girl."

She was given a sedative and put into a cell where she remembers waking up intermittently, crying, before lapsing back into her medicated sleep.

Scarlett was the girl who had always made her parents laugh.

She was bursting with energy, beautiful, boisterous and sassy, her mother says.

"She was an incredible girl and she was becoming an incredible young woman."

Durham Police Mugshot of Vickers. He has short dark hair and a grey stubbly beard, and is wearing a grey sweatshirtDurham Police
Simon Vickers stood trial in January

Both Ms Hall and Vickers were initially charged with murdering their daughter, but the case against her was quickly dropped and Vickers alone stood trial at Teesside Crown Court in January.

The strongest evidence against him was from pathologist Dr Jennifer Bolton, who concluded the knife must have been being firmly held in a hand to cause the injuries it did.

After a 10-day trial, during which Ms Hall gave evidence in support of Vickers, and about 13 hours of deliberation, jurors found him guilty of murder with a 10 to two majority.

Vickers could have pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of manslaughter but Ms Hall says he said he needed "to stand up in court and tell them that he would never, ever harm" Scarlett.

Jailing him for life with a minimum prison term of 15 years, Mr Justice Cotter said a "momentary but devastating act of anger" had robbed Scarlett of her life, adding Vickers' account of it being a "freak accident" was "unconvincing and wholly implausible".

Sarah Hall A father and daughter pose for a selfie. The background is overexposed but they are both smiling in the image. Sarah Hall
Sarah Hall said Simon Vickers was a doting dad who would never deliberately harm his daughter

Ms Hall says that is "absurd", adding her partner "never had a flash of anger".

"I was there that night," she says. "There were no arguments. There was no temper, no shouting."

She says she was shocked when the verdict was announced, adding: "I thought I'd misheard.

"It's just been a never-ending nightmare."

Responding to social media speculation in the aftermath of the trial that Vickers must have been a controlling and abusive partner, Ms Hall said: "No, never.

"He was understanding, comforting.

"[Our relationship] was very supportive, never controlling."

Sarah Hall A mother poses with her teenage daughter. They are leaning in towards each other, with heads touching and facing the camera. The mother is smiling and wearing a blue coat while the daughter makes hand signals at the camera in her black coat. Sarah Hall
Scarlett loved going on holiday with her parents, her mother said

Ms Hall says her family was a happy one and they "did everything together".

Vickers and Scarlett had a very loving relationship, Ms Hall says, adding they were "as daft as each other".

When challenged about how she can stay with Vickers, Ms Hall says she is still resolutely supporting him.

"How can I blame him for an accident when I know he's in as much pain as I am?" she says.

"If I thought he'd done it deliberately then no, I wouldn't have been here [doing this interview].

"I would have protected her with my life, as would he."

At Vickers' sentencing, the court heard Ms Hall's and Vickers' parents remained "resolute in their belief" he "did not intend Scarlett any harm".

'It was a happy house'

Ms Hall dreams about her daughter every night, remembering with horror each morning that she's really gone.

"I just want her back so much," she says. "I'm not sleeping well, I'm not eating well. I'm just existing."

She has only been back to their home on Geneva Road three times since Scarlett's death.

The semi-detached house is now just a "shell" because "they're not here", she says.

"It was a happy house," she says. "I see the memories everywhere.

"Even going back into [Scarlett's] bedroom, she left a blazer there with all her school stuff still in.

"Everything was just left how it was."

Vickers' sentence is set to be reviewed by the Court of Appeal, after Solicitor General Lucy Rigby KC said she thought it was too lenient.

A list of organisations in the UK offering support and information with some of the issues in this story is available at BBC Action Line

Follow BBC North East on X and Facebook and BBC Cumbria on X and Facebook and both on Nextdoor and Instagram.

New law needed for Southport-type attacks, says terror watchdog

Merseyside Police Axel Rudakubana sits in the back of a taxi wearing a blue medical maskMerseyside Police
Murderer Axel Rudakubana planned his attacks from his bedroom at home

A new offence to cover lone individuals planning non-terrorist mass killings should be considered in the wake of the Southport attacks, the UK's terror watchdog has said.

However the independent reviewer of terrorism legislation, Jonathan Hall KC, says the definition of terrorism should not be expanded or changed.

Last summer, Axel Rudakubana stabbed six-year-old Bebe King, seven-year-old Elsie Stancombe and nine-year-old Alice Aguiar to death at a Taylor Swift-themed holiday class.

He also tried to murder eight other young girls, and two adults who tried to save them, including the class organiser Leanne Lucas.

Police officers discovered ricin pulp and a copy of an al-Qaeda manual at Rudakubana's house, but did not find any clear ideological reason for his attack, so did not classify it as terrorism.

Other evidence suggested he was interested in Adolf Hitler, Genghis Khan, the Rwandan genocide and school massacres.

Following the attacks, Sir Keir Starmer said Britain faced a new threat from "extreme violence carried out by loners, misfits, young men in their bedrooms".

In January he asked Mr Hall to identify any changes needed to the law as a result of the Southport murders.

Mr Hall considered whether the definition of terrorism itself should be changed to include mass violence without a political, religious, racial or other ideological motivation, but concluded it should not.

"Redefinition would alter the landscape. It would risk major false positives – the prosecution of people who by no stretch of the imagination are terrorists – and extend terrorism liability into novel terrain," Mr Hall said.

"People swapping violent war footage would be at risk of encouraging terrorism, resulting in unacceptable restrictions on freedom of expression."

Mersyside Police Elsie Dot Stancombe, Alice Aguiar, and Bebe KingMersyside Police
Elsie Dot Stancombe, Alice Aguiar, and Bebe King were murdered by Axel Rudakubana

However, Mr Hall said there was a clear risk to the public of people who are interested in carrying out acts of mass violence, including school massacres.

Currently there is no law against preparing for such an attack which "means that no prosecution would be available if the police raided an address and found careful handwritten but uncommunicated plans for carrying out a massacre".

As a result, he is recommending the government considers creating a new offence, similar to the offence of preparing an act of terrorism.

The offence would make it illegal to "engage in any conduct" in preparation of the killing of two or more people, what he calls "non-terrorist mass casualty attack-planning".

He suggests that the maximum sentence should be life imprisonment.

A government spokesperson said legislation would now be amended to incorporate Mr Hall's recommendations, adding today's report was "an important step" towards preventing an attack like this from happening again.

Downing Street also said police were looking into how misinformation spreads online after false information about the killings sparked riots across England and Northern Ireland.

The spokesperson added: "We have asked the Law Commission to conclude its own review into the rules around contempt of court as soon as possible."

As part of his report Jonathan Hall KC considered what should happen with young people like Axel Rudakubana, who are referred to the counter-terrorism Prevent programme, but are not taken on because they do not have a clear ideology.

"If they are not to be managed by counter-terrorism police, who will 'own' the risk?", he asked.

He said lessons should be learned from counter-terrorism, and generally it should be the police that take responsibility for public protection, rather than leaving it to other agencies like mental health services.

Mr Hall added that police should have been able to give more information to the media about the suspected attacker in the aftermath of the Southport murders.

"In the digital era, if the police do not take the lead in providing clear, accurate and sober details about an attack like Southport, others will."

"Following Southport, the disinformation generated on social media, combined with widespread allegations of a 'cover-up', risked far more prejudice to any trial than the placement of undisputed facts about the attacker in the public domain," he said.

事实查核|关闭星链?重行选举?这些假信息由AI加工而来

最近,一些针对美国政府及其高阶官员的资讯,借由人工智能(AI)科技加工真实音画素材在网上传播。亚洲事实查核实验室收集、查核了其中两则:

1. 卢比奥在接受CNN采访时称,要说服马斯克关闭给乌克兰的星链服务?

查核结果:错误

原视频经剪辑变造并插入音频。

一些微博用户(12)与抖音用户近来在传播一段18秒的视频,画面是取自美国国务卿卢比奥(Marco Rubio)2月28日接受美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)访问内容片段。微博大“V”“斯图卡98”根据这一视频内容翻译称,卢比奥受访时说自己“过两天会与马斯克见面,会说服马斯克切断乌克兰军队(使用的)星链,那时泽连斯基就知道有多么离不开美国了。”

上述资讯传在抖音与微博上都引来“美国背信弃义”或质疑美国不向俄罗斯施压的批评。然而,亚洲事实查核实验室(Asia Fact Check Lab, AFCL)比对了CNN专访原始视频,发现原始片段中主持人和卢比奥视频连线,全程都画面中,对话全程不曾切换到其它画面。(下方截图左)。

但网传视频中,约第8秒开始却插入了乌克兰总统泽连斯基(Volodymyr Zelenskyy)日前在白宫与特朗普等人争执的画面(下方截图右),搭配着听起来像是鲁比奥声音说的“要说服马斯克关闭乌克兰星链”的内容。

网传视频(右)加入了原视频(左)中没有的画面
网传视频(右)加入了原视频(左)中没有的画面
(图截取自YouTube、微博)

再从谈话内容来看,CNN的原版访谈里,卢比奥先是表达他认为泽连斯基应该为在白宫的表现道歉。记者追问:泽连斯基应该为什么事道歉?卢比奥说,泽连斯基不需要摆出如此对抗的姿态,以致于把事情搞砸了。他就此展开讲述了一些细节,但并未提到马斯克和星链。

但在网传视频中,卢比奥回答了一句之后,就话锋一转称”自己要说服马斯克关闭星链”。这不仅和原视频内容完全不同,语速也明显变慢,还有规律的停顿(下图红圈处),而音质也比原视频中听起来更为扁平。

AFCL撷取这段第8秒到18秒的音频,用AI生成内容侦测软件Hive的检测发现,这段听起来极似卢比奥声音的音频,有高达99.8%的可能是AI生成,极有可能是深伪技术编造出的内容。

AI侦测软件检查的结果显示卢比奥的音频大概率由AI生成
AI侦测软件检查的结果显示卢比奥的音频大概率由AI生成
(图截取自Hive软件界面)

这段加工过的视频最早由X上的英文用户发布,已有乌克兰官方的查核组织法新社(AFP)发布查核报告,但相关不实内容仍然在中文世界流传。

2. 网传截图显示,马斯克说特朗普若再选举,会大输特输?

查核结果:缺乏证据

3月9日,X上有中文账号(12)转发一张据称是马斯克(Elon Musk)的发文截图,内容为马斯克发文说:“美国需要举行选举,川普将以压倒性差距落败”。

3月9日,X上传出马斯克发文嘲讽特朗普再次选举会大输的消息。
3月9日,X上传出马斯克发文嘲讽特朗普再次选举会大输的消息。
(图取自X)

转发的其中一名“蓝勾“用户为“Lawrence of Gobi 愚蠢的精卫”,他的文章在一天内就收获将近50万次观看,该用户还直接邀请网民问Grok(X的内建AI)这则消息是否为真。

观察网传截图内容,AFCL发现文末时间标记的格式和X上的其他文章不同。随机选取一则X上的贴文(见下图),会发现在电脑上时间的正确写法为“时间+AM或PM,月+日+年”,在手机上阅览则稍有不同,但都和截图内的时间标记不一样。

比对网传截图和X在电脑及手机上的版本,时间标记方式明显不同。
比对网传截图和X在电脑及手机上的版本,时间标记方式明显不同。
(图取自X)

进一步使用查核工具InVID & WeVerify查证,检测结果显示,该图上的用户名称及时间处有变造痕迹(见下方截图的红色部分)。

InVID & WeVerify检测结果称:“过滤器可检测图像在先前创建和压缩过程中的异常。如果图像中新增或移除了一个元素,而其压缩方式与图像其馀部分不同,则可以被检测出来”,而红色部分正是被检测出的不寻常之处。

查核工具InVID & WeVerify的验证结果,其中彩色模糊部分为明显经后制变造的部分。
查核工具InVID & WeVerify的验证结果,其中彩色模糊部分为明显经后制变造的部分。
(图取自InVID & WeVerify网站)

AFCL再以关键字“The USA needs to hold an election”等关键词搜寻,并没有找到马斯克曾经发过相关信息的证据,也没有任何官方消息或机构媒体报道他发表过这一言论。

但马斯克曾在此传言的前一天,即3月6日发布过一篇帖文,称“乌克兰需要举行选举,泽连斯基将以压倒性差距落败”,目前该文还在线上,并未被撤销,网传截图可能是将该帖的内容进行加工,变造而来。

以关键字搜寻找到马斯克3月6日的发文,与传言内的内容高度相近。
以关键字搜寻找到马斯克3月6日的发文,与传言内的内容高度相近。
(图取自X)

亚洲事实查核实验室(Asia Fact Check Lab)针对当今复杂媒体环境以及新兴传播生态而成立。我们本于新闻专业主义,提供专业查核报告及与信息环境相关的传播观察、深度报道,帮助读者对公共议题获得多元而全面的认识。

读者若对任何媒体及社交平台传播的信息有疑问,欢迎以电邮afcl@rfa.org寄给亚洲事实查核实验室,由我们为您查证核实。亚洲事实查核实验室更详细的介绍请参考本文

我们另有X、脸书、IG频道,欢迎读者追踪、分享、转发。 X这边请进:中文@asiafactcheckcn;英语:@AFCL_engFB在这里IG也别忘了

© AFCL

亚洲事实查核实验室制图

EU braces for higher prices as US trade war ramps up

Getty Images Two men with umbrellas, blurred in the photo, walk past a shop selling Levi's jeansGetty Images
Imports of American jeans, motorcyles and bourbon will be hit by EU countermeasures

In Brussels, it was just after 06:00 on Wednesday. But it was midnight in Washington DC when President Donald Trump's 25% tariffs on steel and aluminium took effect on major US trading partners.

It took less than 10 minutes for the European Union to respond.

"Tariffs are taxes. They are bad for business, and worse for consumers," said European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.

The EU's initial countermeasures will take effect on US products on 1 April, ranging from jeans and motorbikes to peanut butter and bourbon, just as they were with the Trump administration's first tariffs in 2018 and 2020.

But there will be more to come in mid-April. A whole swathe of textiles, home appliances, food and agricultural products could be included, depending on a two-week consultation with stakeholders.

A list of items almost 100 pages long is being circulated that features meat, dairy, fruit, wine and spirits, toilet seats, wood, coats, swimwear, nightdresses, shoes, chandeliers and lawnmowers.

For consumers, higher prices loom on Europe's supermarket shelves, especially for American products. But for businesses and some industries, especially steel, there is real danger.

The head of Germany's BGA federation of wholesale, foreign trade and service, Dirk Jandura, warned that Germans might have to dig deeper into their pockets to pay for American products in the supermarkets.

Orange juice, bourbon and peanut butter were the most likely products to be hit. "Margins in trade are so low that this cannot be absorbed by the companies," he said.

In total, the EU will target €26bn (£22bn) of US exports.

"We're not going to go into hypotheticals other than to say we've been preparing assiduously for all these outcomes," said EU spokesman Olof Gill.

António Costa, the EU's Council President, called on the US to de-escalate, although there was little sign of that on Wednesday, as Trump vowed to hit back at the EU's countermeasures.

"We've been abused for a long time and we will be abused no longer," he said.

In Austria too, there was concern about the escalation.

"The US is the second most important export market for Austrian products after Germany - and the most important for Germany," said Christoph Neumayer, who is head of the Federation of Austrian Industries. It was "essential that Europe acts together and decisively", he added.

Getty Images President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen speaks at the European ParliamentGetty Images
EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen responded swiftly to the US tariffs

One EU official pointed out that products such as soybeans and orange juice could easily be sourced from Brazil or Argentina, so consumers would not be hit too hard.

And there was a suggestion that some of the US exports targeted were also from US states under Republican control: soybeans from Louisiana or meat from Nebraska and Kansas.

A relatively large number of US exports enter the EU via the Dutch port of Rotterdam or Antwerp in Belgium.

Dutch Economic Affairs Minister Dirk Beljaarts said nobody stood to benefit from a "tariffs war", but he was hopeful it would not hit his own country's economy too hard: "It has an impact on companies and consumers - particularly consumers in the US."

One area that will be hit especially hard on both sides of the Atlantic is in the drinks sector.

Pauline Bastidon of Spirits Europe said producers in the EU and US stood united, with risks facing European companies that produced US spirits and US companies that were heavily invested in Europe.

Chris Swonger, of the US Distilled Spirits Council, said that in the three years since the suspension of the EU's earlier 25% tariff on American whiskey, US distillers had "worked hard to regain solid footing in our largest export market".

Reimposing tariffs from 1 April was "deeply disappointing" and he called for a return to "zero-for-zero" tariffs.

For cognac producers in France, the prospect of a 25% US import tax is also a major problem as most of their produce is for export, either to the US or China.

French producers have already been hit by Chinese measures that have slapped heavy taxes on cognac.

"Morale is down in the dumps," Bastien Brusaferro of the general winegrowers' union told France Info.

Thousands of jobs are at stake in the Charente region alone, he says: "Cognac is a product that's made for export."

There was a dire warning too from the head of the European Steel Association, Henrik Adam.

"President Trump's 'America First' policy threatens to be a final nail in the coffin of the European steel industry," he warned.

Trump's initial tariffs on European steel in 2018 saw EU steel exports to the US fall by more than a million tonnes, and for every three tonnes of steel that did not enter the US, two-thirds of it entered the EU instead.

"These new measures imposed by Trump are more extensive, therefore the impact of the US tariffs is likely to be far greater."

US team headed to Moscow for Ukraine talks as Putin visits Kursk

Getty Images Donald Trump at the White HouseGetty Images

US officials are headed to Russia to discuss a potential ceasefire in Ukraine, according to President Donald Trump.

The news comes after Ukrainian officials agreed to a 30-day ceasefire following a highly anticipated meeting with American officials in Saudi Arabia.

Earlier, Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that the "ball is truly in their [Russia's] court" and that the US believes the only way to end the fighting is through peace negotiations.

The Kremlin has said it is studying the ceasefire proposal, and that a phone call between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin is possible.

Following the meeting in Jeddah on Tuesday, Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelensky said it was now up to the US to convince Russia to agree to the "positive" proposal.

Speaking alongside Ireland's Taoiseach - or Prime Minister - Micheál Martin in the Oval Office on Wednesday, Trump said he had received "positive messages" about the possibility of a ceasefire.

"But a positive message means nothing," he said. "This is a very serious situation."

Trump did not specify what officials he was referring to.

However, Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt told reporters at the White House that National Security Secretary Mike Waltz spoke to his Russian counterpart.

Earlier this week, a source familiar told the BBC that Middle East envoy Steve Witkoff would head to Moscow for negotiations following the talks in Jeddah.

The White House confirmed the plans on Wednesday.

"We urge the Russians to sign on to this plan. This is the closest we have been to peace in this war," Leavitt said.

The Kremlin has said it is studying the proposed ceasefire and further details, which spokesman Dmitry Peskov said will come "via various channels" over the course of the next several days.

In the Oval Office, Trump said that he believes a ceasefire would make sense for Russia, adding - without further details - that there is a "lot of downside to Russia" as well.

"We have a very complex situation solved on one side. Pretty much solved. We've also discussed land and other things that go with it," Trump added. "We know the areas of land we're talking about, whether it's pull back or not pull back."

To pressure Russia, Trump said that he "can do things financially".

"That would be very bad for Russia," he said. "I don't want to do that because I want to get peace."

The meeting in Jeddah was the first between US and Ukrainian officials since a 28 February meeting between Zelensky, Trump and Vice President JD Vance descended into a shouting match and, ultimately, a pause in US military assistance and intelligence sharing.

The pause was lifted following the meeting in Jeddah, and Trump said that he believes that the "difficult" Ukrainian side and Zelensky now want peace.

Kremlin Image taken from a handout video provided by the Russian Presidential Press Service shows Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) with Russian Chief of General Staff Valery GerasimovKremlin
The Kremlin said President Putin visited a command post in Kursk on Wednesday

Even as negotiations over a potential ceasefire are ongoing, fighting has raged in Ukraine.

Russian drones and missiles reportedly struck targets in Kryvyy Rih - Zelensky's hometown - overnight, as well as in the port city of Odesa, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv.

Clashes also continued in Russia's Kursk region, where Peskov said Russian troops were "successfully advancing" and recapturing areas held by Ukrainian forces.

And later on Wednesday, the Kremlin said President Putin had visited a command post in the region. He was shown in footage released by the Kremlin walking alongside his military chief Valery Gerasimov, with both men wearing combat gear.

It marked the Russian president's first visit to the region since Ukraine's incursion across the border in August last year.

Russian media report that President Putin ordered the military to "fully liberate" the region during the visit. He is yet to comment on the ceasefire proposal agreed by Ukraine and the US on Tuesday.

The head of Ukraine's military, Oleksandr Syrsky, also indicated on Wednesday that some of its troops were withdrawing from Kursk. In a post on the Telegram messaging app, he said: "In the most difficult situation, my priority has been and remains saving the lives of Ukrainian soldiers."

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