禁止对华出口尖端芯片：2022年10月7日，美国商务部工业和安全局（Bureau of Industry and Security，
“BIS”）公布《出口管制条例》（EAR），一年后再度收紧，尤其针对向中国出口高性能芯片和半导体制造相关事宜。重点管控的目标是被用于数据中心的尖端芯片以及用于训练AI的大模型芯片。美国商务部将逐案调查酌情发放出口许可证。这一背景下，2023年10月美国禁止了英伟达（Nvidia）向中国输出先进芯片。
华为、中芯实现突破？：2023年8月，被美国“断供”芯片的华为推出新款手机Mate 60 Pro (图)。专业机构拆解分析判断该手机使用的是华为海思设计、中芯国际（SMIC）制造的“麒麟9000s”7纳米芯片。虽然在去年就有报道称中芯“制造”出了7纳米芯片，但业界人士分析，这次仍是通过14纳米制程重复曝光生产出7纳米芯片，而这种工艺决定了其产量和良品率不高，但成本高，尚达不到批量生产的要求。
BBC Punjabi met Singh in June at his ancestral home in Beas Pind village in Punjab state
Fauja Singh, a British-Indian man believed to be the world's oldest marathon runner, has died after being hit by a car in India at the age of 114.
Police say Singh was crossing a road in the village where he was born in Punjab when an unidentified vehicle hit him. Locals took him to hospital, where he died.
Singh, a global icon, set records by running marathons across multiple age categories, including when he was over 100. He began running at 89 and ran nine full marathons between 2000 and 2013, when he retired.
His running club and charity, Sikhs In The City, said its upcoming events in Ilford, east London, where he had lived since 1992, would be a celebration of his life and achievements.
The hit and run happened on Monday as the centenarian was walking in his birth village, Beas Pind, near Jalandhar.
"A search is under way, and the accused will be caught soon," said Harvinder Singh, a top district police officer.
As news of the death broke, tributes poured in.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi called him an "exceptional athlete with incredible determination".
Harmander Singh, Fauja Singh's coach at Sikhs In The City, confirmed his death in a statement posted to the running club.
The statement said: "It is with great sadness that we can confirm our icon of humanity and powerhouse of positivity Fauja Singh has passed away in India.
"His running club and charity Sikhs In The City will be devoting all of its events until the Fauja Singh Birthday Challenge on Sunday 29 March 2026 to celebrate his life of success and achievements.
"We will be doubling the efforts to raise funds to building the Fauja Singh Clubhouse on the route in Ilford where he used to train."
When the BBC met Singh in June in Beas Pind, he was agile and active, walking several miles every day.
"I still go for walks around the village to keep my legs strong. A person has to take care of his own body," he said.
A torchbearer for the 2012 London Olympics, Singh clocked several milestones during his running career, including reportedly becoming the first centenarian to complete a full marathon in 2011 in Toronto.
However, his claim of being the world's oldest marathon runner was not recognised by Guinness World Records as he could not show a birth certificate from 1911. The BBC reported at the time that Singh's British passport showed his date of birth as being 1 April 1911, and that he had a letter from the Queen congratulating him on his 100th birthday.
His trainer, Harmander Singh, said that birth certificates were not made in India at the time Singh was born.
Guinness World Records officials said they would have loved "to give him the record", but that they could only "accept official birth documents created in the year of the birth".
As a young boy growing up in Punjab, Singh was teased by people in his village as his legs were weak and he could not walk properly until the age of five.
"But the same boy, once mocked for his weakness, went on to make history," he told BBC Punjabi in June.
Before he turned 40, Singh, a farmer, had lived through the turbulence of both the World Wars and experienced the trauma of Partition.
"In my youth, I didn't even know the word 'marathon' existed," Singh told BBC Punjabi. "I never went to school, nor was I involved in any kind of sports. I was a farmer and spent most of my life in the fields."
He first took to running to cope with grief.
After the death of his wife Gian Kaur in the early 1990s, he moved to London to live with his eldest son Sukhjinder. But during a visit to India, he witnessed his younger son Kuldeep's death in an accident which left him devastated.
Overtaken by grief, Singh would spend hours sitting near the spot where his son had been cremated. Concerned villagers advised his family to take him back to the UK.
Back in Ilford in London, during one of his visits to the gurdwara, Singh met a group of elderly men who would go on runs together. He also met Harmander Singh, who would go on to become his coach.
"Had I not met Harmander Singh, I wouldn't have got into marathon running," he said in June.
Saurabh Duggal/BBC
Singh's blue-and-white running shoes which have his name on them
Singh made his debut at the London Marathon in 2000, a month shy of turning 89. He participated through a Golden Bond entry - a system where charities pre-purchase a fixed number of spots for a fee. He chose to run for BLISS, a charity that supports premature infants. His tagline: "Oldest running for the youngest! May they live as long as him."
Singh says that before the run, he was told by event officials that he could only wear a patka (headgear worn by many Sikh boys and men) and not a turban.
"I refused to run without my turban. Eventually, the organisers allowed me to run with it, and for me, that's my biggest achievement," he said.
He finished the race in six hours and 54 minutes, marking the beginning of a remarkable journey.
By his third successive appearance at the London marathon, he had shaved off nine minutes from his previous best.
In 2003, at the Toronto Waterfront Marathon, he bettered his timing by an astonishing one hour and five minutes, completing the race in five hours and 40 minutes.
"I don't remember my timings; it is my coach, Harmander Singh, who keeps the record of all my timings. But whatever I have achieved is all because of his training, and I sincerely followed his schedule," Singh said in June.
"In London, he used to make me run uphill, and because of that, I kept on improving," he added. "Almost after every training session in London, I used to go to the gurdwara, where my diet was taken care of. Everyone there motivated me to run long distances."
Singh shot to international fame in 2003 when Adidas signed him for their Nothing Is Impossible advertising campaign which also featured legends such as Muhammad Ali.
In 2005, he was invited by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan to participate in the inaugural Lahore Marathon. A year later, in 2006, he received a special invitation from Queen Elizabeth II to visit Buckingham Palace.
Among the many mementos and certificates displayed at Singh's home in Punjab is a framed photograph of him with the Queen.
Pardeep Sharma/BBC
Mementoes and certificates on the wall at Singh's house in Punjab
He continued to compete in marathons well into his 100s and earned the nickname "Turbaned Tornado". Most of his earnings from endorsements went directly to charitable foundations.
"I was the same Fauja Singh before I entered the world of running - but running gave my life a mission and brought me global recognition," he recalled.
In 2013, he participated in his last long-distance competitive race in Hong Kong, completing a 10km run in one hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds.
He credited his health and longevity to a simple lifestyle and disciplined diet.
"Eating less, running more, and staying happy - that is the secret behind my longevity. This is my message to everyone," he said in June.
In his final years, Singh divided his time between India, where his younger son lives, and the UK.
When the BBC met him in June, he was hoping to visit London again soon to meet his family and coach.
British MP Preet Kaur Gill shared a photo of herself with him on X, writing: "A truly inspiring man. His discipline, simple living, and deep humility left a lasting mark on me."
Jas Athwal MP said Singh "inspired millions across the world". He wrote on X: "His spirit and legacy of resilience will run on forever."
The 18 islands which make up the Faroes are connected by 23 tunnels, four of which run below the sea
The Faroese prime minister says Shetland could boost growth and revitalise island life by following his country in replacing ageing ferries with undersea tunnels.
Shetland Islands Council says it is pushing ahead with plans to build tunnels to four outlying isles in the archipelago including Unst, the most northerly place in the UK.
"I think we have learned in the Faroe Islands that investment in infrastructure is a good investment," Aksel Johannesen told BBC News.
Shetland Islands Council says its multi-million pound project is likely to be funded by borrowing money and paying it back through tolls, potentially providing a new transport model for other Scottish islands.
The Faroese prime minister Aksel Johannesen told BBC News tunnels had helped to grow the population and the economy of the archipelago
Critics say politicians in Scotland have wasted years talking about tunnels while the Faroes, nearly 200 miles further out into the Atlantic, have actually built them.
"It is frustrating," says Anne Anderson of salmon producer Scottish Sea Farms, which employs nearly 700 people in Scotland, including just under 300 in Shetland.
The island chain produces a quarter of all Scottish salmon - the UK's most valuable food export with international sales of £844m in 2024.
"Ten years ago Scottish salmon used to have 10 per cent of the global market. Nowadays we're slipping ever closer to five per cent," adds Ms Anderson, who blames that slide, in part, on a lack of investment in public infrastructure .
She agrees that the UK should look to the Faroes for inspiration.
"Identify what works well for them and then just copy and paste and let's get moving," urges Ms Anderson.
Anne Anderson of Scottish Sea Farms says politicians should get moving
They have been building tunnels in the Faroes since the 1960s.
The 18 islands which make up the self-governing nation under the sovereignty of Denmark are connected by 23 tunnels, four of which run below the sea.
More are under construction.
Most dramatic is a 7.1 mile (11.4km) tunnel which connects the island of Streymoy to two sides of a fjord on the island of Eysturoy.
It includes the world's only undersea roundabout.
At its deepest point it is 187m (614ft) below the waves and has halved the driving time between the capital Tórshavn and the second biggest town, Klaksvik.
A tunnel which connects the islands of Streymoy and Eysturoy includes the world's only undersea roundabout, nicknamed the jellyfish
Speaking in his grass-roofed office looking out over a busy harbour in Tórshavn, Johannesen says tunnels helped to grow the population and the economy of the archipelago, which is home to some 54,000 people, in contrast to Shetland's 23,000.
"It's about ambition," says tunnel builder Andy Sloan, whose company worked on part of the Faroese tunnel project.
He adds the islands have led the world "in connecting an archipelago in the middle of the North Atlantic through blood, sweat and tears – and focus.
"They have delivered a remarkable piece of infrastructure," says Mr Sloan, who is executive vice-president of engineering firm COWI.
It is now advising Shetland Islands Council on the technicalities and financing of tunnels.
The Faroese tunnels were constructed using a technique known as drill and blast – where holes are drilled in rock, explosives are dropped in, and the rubble is then cleared away – which Mr Sloan says could also be used in Scotland.
"Without doubt, Shetland can copy what has been achieved in these islands," he adds.
Tunnel builder Andy Sloan worked on the Faroese tunnels
Prof Erika Anne Hayfield, dean of the Faculty of History and Social Sciences at the University of the Faroe Islands, says the tunnels have delivered significant benefits.
"People can live and thrive in smaller settlements," while still participating fully in island life and commuting to "the central labour market" in Tórshavn, she explains.
"In the long term, in terms of demography, social sustainability, a lot of people on islands believe that it is necessary," adds Prof Hayfield.
But she said the costs of some tunnels had been controversial, with some Faroese arguing that they are being built at the expense of investing in schools and hospitals.
The capital, Tórshavn, is a shorter commute for islanders since the construction of the tunnel network
Shetland's main town, Lerwick, may be closer to Tórshavn than it is to Edinburgh – and closer to Copenhagen than London – but advocates of tunnels insist the islands are not a remote backwater but an advanced economy constrained by poor infrastructure.
The archipelago of 100 islands at the confluence of the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean boasts the UK's only spaceport and a thriving fishing industry.
"We land more fish in Shetland than we do in the whole of England, Northern Ireland and Wales," says council leader Emma Macdonald.
"Tunnels could be incredibly transformational," she continues.
Macdonald adds: "We're really excited about the opportunity."
"Shetland's really integral to Scotland and to the wider UK," says Macdonald.
The council has authorised a £990,000 feasibility study into building tunnels to four islands – Unst, Yell, Bressay and Whalsay.
It has not yet published an estimated cost for construction.
Elizabeth Johnson says tunnels would "enhance the economic viability of the island"
"Tunnels would really open up this island for businesses," says Elizabeth Johnson, external affairs manager of Saxavord Spaceport on Unst.
She adds that they would "enhance the economic viability of the island".
But with neither the Scottish nor UK governments volunteering to pay for Shetland's tunnels, the Faroese funding model of borrowing paid back by tolls looks likely to be adopted.
"I think people recognise that there is probably a need for tolling and I think people understand that," says Macdonald.
She adds: "They already have to pay to go on the ferries."
At present the council runs ferry services to nine islands, carrying around 750,000 passengers each year on 12 vessels at a cost of £23m per year.
The average age of the fleet is 31.5 years, costs have risen sharply in the past decade, and some routes are struggling to meet demand for vehicle places.
Hebridean and Clyde ferries, off the west of Scotland, run by Scottish government-owned Caledonian MacBrayne, are also ageing and have been beset by problems.
The 18 islands which make up the self-governing nation under the sovereignty of Denmark are connected by 23 tunnels
Mr Sloan says tunnels could provide more robust transport links for the west coast as well as the Northern Isles.
"Quite frankly, it can be repeated in Shetland, and not just Shetland, possibly elsewhere in Scotland."
Mr Sloan agrees that tolls are the most feasible funding option.
Tolls were abolished on the Skye Bridge in 2004 after a long-running campaign of non payment, and were scrapped on the Forth and Tay road bridges in 2008.
But Ms Johnson, of the Saxavord Spaceport, reckons Shetlanders would be happy to pay their way.
"I don't think anybody that I've spoken to would be against tolls," she says.
Four tunnels in the Faroes run below the sea
Although there is no organised opposition to tunnels in Shetland some locals do express concern about whether they would change what it means to be an island.
Pat Burns runs the northernmost shop in the British Isles, The Final Checkout on Unst.
She was not convinced about tunnels at first, fearing that they would alter the nature of island life.
"I like the challenges of trying to get from A to B," she explains.
However after years of worrying about bad weather interrupting supplies for her shop and seeing tourists turned away because ferries are full, she has changed her mind.
"I was a wee bit iffy-iffy about it before," she says, "but now I realise that if Unst doesn't get a tunnel, the challenge is going to be too big."
Stormy weather in New York City on Monday. A few lingering showers are expected across parts of the New York City area, New Jersey, Long Island and southern Connecticut on Tuesday.
BBC Punjabi met Singh in June at his ancestral home in Beas Pind village in Punjab state
Fauja Singh, a British-Indian man believed to be the world's oldest marathon runner, has died after being hit by a car in India at the age of 114.
Police say Singh was crossing a road in the village where he was born in Punjab when an unidentified vehicle hit him. Locals took him to hospital, where he died.
Singh, a global icon, set records by running marathons across multiple age categories, including when he was over 100. He began running at 89 and ran nine full marathons between 2000 and 2013, when he retired.
His running club and charity, Sikhs In The City, said its upcoming events in Ilford, east London, where he had lived since 1992, would be a celebration of his life and achievements.
The hit and run happened on Monday as the centenarian was walking in his birth village, Beas Pind, near Jalandhar.
"A search is under way, and the accused will be caught soon," said Harvinder Singh, a top district police officer.
As news of the death broke, tributes poured in.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi called him an "exceptional athlete with incredible determination".
Harmander Singh, Fauja Singh's coach at Sikhs In The City, confirmed his death in a statement posted to the running club.
The statement said: "It is with great sadness that we can confirm our icon of humanity and powerhouse of positivity Fauja Singh has passed away in India.
"His running club and charity Sikhs In The City will be devoting all of its events until the Fauja Singh Birthday Challenge on Sunday 29 March 2026 to celebrate his life of success and achievements.
"We will be doubling the efforts to raise funds to building the Fauja Singh Clubhouse on the route in Ilford where he used to train."
When the BBC met Singh in June in Beas Pind, he was agile and active, walking several miles every day.
"I still go for walks around the village to keep my legs strong. A person has to take care of his own body," he said.
A torchbearer for the 2012 London Olympics, Singh clocked several milestones during his running career, including reportedly becoming the first centenarian to complete a full marathon in 2011 in Toronto.
However, his claim of being the world's oldest marathon runner was not recognised by Guinness World Records as he could not show a birth certificate from 1911. The BBC reported at the time that Singh's British passport showed his date of birth as being 1 April 1911, and that he had a letter from the Queen congratulating him on his 100th birthday.
His trainer, Harmander Singh, said that birth certificates were not made in India at the time Singh was born.
Guinness World Records officials said they would have loved "to give him the record", but that they could only "accept official birth documents created in the year of the birth".
As a young boy growing up in Punjab, Singh was teased by people in his village as his legs were weak and he could not walk properly until the age of five.
"But the same boy, once mocked for his weakness, went on to make history," he told BBC Punjabi in June.
Before he turned 40, Singh, a farmer, had lived through the turbulence of both the World Wars and experienced the trauma of Partition.
"In my youth, I didn't even know the word 'marathon' existed," Singh told BBC Punjabi. "I never went to school, nor was I involved in any kind of sports. I was a farmer and spent most of my life in the fields."
He first took to running to cope with grief.
After the death of his wife Gian Kaur in the early 1990s, he moved to London to live with his eldest son Sukhjinder. But during a visit to India, he witnessed his younger son Kuldeep's death in an accident which left him devastated.
Overtaken by grief, Singh would spend hours sitting near the spot where his son had been cremated. Concerned villagers advised his family to take him back to the UK.
Back in Ilford in London, during one of his visits to the gurdwara, Singh met a group of elderly men who would go on runs together. He also met Harmander Singh, who would go on to become his coach.
"Had I not met Harmander Singh, I wouldn't have got into marathon running," he said in June.
Saurabh Duggal/BBC
Singh's blue-and-white running shoes which have his name on them
Singh made his debut at the London Marathon in 2000, a month shy of turning 89. He participated through a Golden Bond entry - a system where charities pre-purchase a fixed number of spots for a fee. He chose to run for BLISS, a charity that supports premature infants. His tagline: "Oldest running for the youngest! May they live as long as him."
Singh says that before the run, he was told by event officials that he could only wear a patka (headgear worn by many Sikh boys and men) and not a turban.
"I refused to run without my turban. Eventually, the organisers allowed me to run with it, and for me, that's my biggest achievement," he said.
He finished the race in six hours and 54 minutes, marking the beginning of a remarkable journey.
By his third successive appearance at the London marathon, he had shaved off nine minutes from his previous best.
In 2003, at the Toronto Waterfront Marathon, he bettered his timing by an astonishing one hour and five minutes, completing the race in five hours and 40 minutes.
"I don't remember my timings; it is my coach, Harmander Singh, who keeps the record of all my timings. But whatever I have achieved is all because of his training, and I sincerely followed his schedule," Singh said in June.
"In London, he used to make me run uphill, and because of that, I kept on improving," he added. "Almost after every training session in London, I used to go to the gurdwara, where my diet was taken care of. Everyone there motivated me to run long distances."
Singh shot to international fame in 2003 when Adidas signed him for their Nothing Is Impossible advertising campaign which also featured legends such as Muhammad Ali.
In 2005, he was invited by the then Prime Minister of Pakistan to participate in the inaugural Lahore Marathon. A year later, in 2006, he received a special invitation from Queen Elizabeth II to visit Buckingham Palace.
Among the many mementos and certificates displayed at Singh's home in Punjab is a framed photograph of him with the Queen.
Pardeep Sharma/BBC
Mementoes and certificates on the wall at Singh's house in Punjab
He continued to compete in marathons well into his 100s and earned the nickname "Turbaned Tornado". Most of his earnings from endorsements went directly to charitable foundations.
"I was the same Fauja Singh before I entered the world of running - but running gave my life a mission and brought me global recognition," he recalled.
In 2013, he participated in his last long-distance competitive race in Hong Kong, completing a 10km run in one hour, 32 minutes and 28 seconds.
He credited his health and longevity to a simple lifestyle and disciplined diet.
"Eating less, running more, and staying happy - that is the secret behind my longevity. This is my message to everyone," he said in June.
In his final years, Singh divided his time between India, where his younger son lives, and the UK.
When the BBC met him in June, he was hoping to visit London again soon to meet his family and coach.
British MP Preet Kaur Gill shared a photo of herself with him on X, writing: "A truly inspiring man. His discipline, simple living, and deep humility left a lasting mark on me."
Jas Athwal MP said Singh "inspired millions across the world". He wrote on X: "His spirit and legacy of resilience will run on forever."
Additional Patriot missile batteries will give Kyiv a chance to expand protection against Russian attacks (file pic)
For the first time since returning to the White House, Donald Trump has pledged to make new weapons available to Ukraine.
Under a new deal, the US will sell weapons to Nato members who will then supply them to Kyiv as it battles Russia's invasion.
The president didn't give too many specifics about what he said was "billions of dollars' worth of military equipment". But when asked if the deal included Patriot air defence batteries and interceptor missiles, he replied "it's everything".
One European country has 17 Patriot systems and "a big portion" would soon be on the way to Ukraine, Trump said.
For Ukraine, a huge country that currently operates handful of batteries - perhaps as few as eight - this is a major step forward, giving Kyiv a chance to expand protection against Russian ballistic and cruise missiles.
Sitting beside the president, the Nato Secretary General, Mark Rutte, hinted at a bigger package.
"It's broader than Patriots," he said.
"It will mean that Ukraine can get its hands on really massive numbers of military equipment, both for air defence, but also missiles, ammunition..."
This is a significant moment.
Less than two weeks ago, there was horror in Kyiv at news that the Pentagon had suspended military shipments to Ukraine, including Patriots.
The decision-making surrounding that announcement remains unclear, but on Monday, Trump once again tried to make light if it, saying it had been made in the knowledge that this deal would be struck.
"We were pretty sure this was going to happen, so we did a little bit of a pause," the president said.
Now, thanks to some tortuous negotiations, many of them involving Rutte, the weapons can continue to flow without Washington picking up the tab.
"We're in for a lot of money," the president said, "and we just don't want to do it any more."
As they sat side by side in the Oval Office, Rutte continued to flatter Trump, calling the latest deal "really big" and saying it was "totally logical" that European members of Nato pay for it.
Reuters
A number of countries, he said, were lining up to participate, including the UK, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands.
"And this is only the first wave," he said. "There will be more."
In a separate and rather characteristic development, Trump threatened Moscow with a new deadline: if Vladimir Putin doesn't agree to a ceasefire deal in the next 50 days, Russia and its trading partners will be hit with 100% secondary tariffs.
It's a novel approach, which Kyiv and members of the US congress have been urging for some time: pressure Russia by targeting countries that continue to buy Russian oil and gas, like China and India.
Trump's move comes as the US Senate continues to work on a bill that would impose much stiffer sanctions.
The president said the Senate bill, which envisages 500% secondary tariffs, could be "very good" but added that it was "sort of meaningless after a while because at a certain point it doesn't matter".
As always, the precise details of the president's threat remain somewhat vague.
But whatever happens in the coming weeks and months, Monday felt like something of a turning point. A US president finally moving away from his perplexing faith in Vladimir Putin, while still giving the Russian leader time to come to the negotiating table.
It's definitely not a return to Joe Biden's pledges to support Ukraine "for as long as it takes," but nor is it quite the neutral stance that has infuriated Ukraine and its western allies.
Trump appears to have guaranteed that the all-important US weapons pipeline to Ukraine will remain open for now – provided others pay for it.
But 50 days will feel like a very long time to Ukrainians, who are on the receiving end of near-nightly drone and missile bombardment.
Nothing Trump has done seems likely to put an immediate stop to this.
Daniel Graham (left) and Adam Carruthers have never admitted chopping down the tree at Sycamore Gap
Adam Carruthers and Daniel Graham are being sentenced later for cutting down the Sycamore Gap tree on Hadrian's Wall in Northumberland. Who are they? And, given they have never admitted causing the destruction that shocked the world, what might have possessed them to do it?
Many people who knew the pair spoke to the BBC, but most requested anonymity.
Among them were neighbours in the quiet street in Carlisle where 39-year-old Daniel Graham grew up. They remember him as an "average kid" before his parents' separation - describing that as an event which "sent him off the rails."
His dad Michael took his own life in 2021, something Graham spoke about while giving evidence in court in relation to his struggles with poor mental health.
He was estranged from many members of his family, with one saying he would "fly off the handle at anything".
Daniel Graham grew up on a residential street in Carlisle
For the last decade Graham lived and worked on a patch of land on the outskirts of Kirkandrews-upon-Eden, just outside Carlisle.
He called it Millbeck Stables and ran his company, DM Graham Groundworks, from the site on a secluded lane, nestled among large country homes.
Journalist Kevin Donald described the plot as "a strange little shanty".
"It's got a caravan, horses on the land and pillars at the entrance with lions on the top," he said.
'An odd-bod'
Graham erected a series of buildings, a stable block, horse shelter and storage unit, gaining planning permission for some of them.
He lived on site in a static caravan, largely hidden behind big metal gates which included his initials.
Harold Bowron, chairman of the village's Parish Hall Committee, said Graham was "a man of mystery, a bit of an odd-bod".
"There were these black gates and then a tall fence all round the site with black plastic sheeting so you couldn't see in, but there were lights on all night.
"His lorry is still there. You can see in now because all the plastic has come down."
Daniel Graham lived in a static caravan on a plot of land near Carlisle
A planning application for Graham to be allowed to live on the site was rejected in April 2023, five months before the Sycamore Gap tree was cut down.
He had not been paying council tax and among the comments on the application was a claim he had displayed "dominant and oppressive" behaviour.
"When news came out he'd been arrested, we weren't surprised," Mr Bowron said.
"Everyone was saying 'oh yes that strange bloke'."
In court, the jury heard that tree felling was part of Graham's business and he owned three or four chainsaws.
Adam Carruthers helped him with that work, and the court was told the pair were close friends.
Adam Carruthers lived in the centre of Wigton, Cumbria, for many years
Carruthers grew up in Wigton, a market town in Cumbria with a history stretching back to medieval times.
His parents still live there and town councillor Chris Scott described it as a place where families put down roots and stay for generations.
Scott did not know Carruthers personally, but runs a social media site for the town and remembers a "curious silence" when he was arrested.
"People weren't discussing it all, which surprised me because it was such a big story at the time."
Adam Carruthers' childhood friends described him as quiet and "a bit of a loner" when at Nelson Thomlinson School
A childhood friend of Carruthers said he was "a bit of an outcast" but also the last person he would expect to have been involved in the felling of the tree.
His arrest was "the talk" of their school friendship group.
"Growing up we were the good kids," the friend said. "We couldn't get our heads around it. You would never ever think he would do something like that."
Carruthers went to Nelson Thomlinson School where another fellow pupil described him as a "bit of a loner".
"He always kept to himself and in classes he wouldn't talk. Teachers would try and get him to talk, and fail."
At the time of his arrest in October 2023, Carruthers had recently become a father for the second time and was living in a caravan with his partner at Kirkbride Airfield.
Graham and Carruthers met in 2021 when the latter, who was a mechanic, repaired a Land Rover belonging to Graham's father so it could be used for his funeral.
Graham called Carruthers his "best pal" and paid him to help him on jobs, splitting the cash evenly.
But their friendship splintered as the trial unfolded, with Graham blaming Carruthers who, in turn, said he had no idea who did it.
PA
Academics argue Carruthers and Graham may have been seeking attention by cutting down the tree
In the absence of any declared motive, could interactions between the pair hold clues to what drove them to take a chainsaw to one of the most beloved trees in the UK?
After the felling, they exchanged messages talking about the scale of the reporting of the story.
In one voicenote, Daniel Graham exclaimed: "It's gone viral, it is worldwide."
Newcastle University's Bethany Usher, who specialises in crime journalism, is among those who believe the pair were craving attention.
"Social media has completely changed the way we view ourselves, taking video of ourselves doing things is so part of our lived experience," she said.
"What became clear from the trial is that they enjoyed the attention they got worldwide.
"It's like they were saying 'I'm someone, I have got the attention of people', and they forgot that what they were doing was providing evidence for the police.
"The truth is they knew the tree was special, but they were trying to show they counted more."
'Pleasure in grief'
Dr Philip Stone from the University of Lancashire, who studies dark tourism where visitors travel to sites of death, brutality and terror, said the pair may have "enjoyed watching the distress they had caused from such spiteful, wanton ecological vandalism".
"To use the German psychology phrase schadenfreude, some people take a pleasure in other's people's misfortune and getting a sense of perverted pleasure from the response from that.
"It is as though they are thinking 'Yeh, I'm going to get my 15 minutes of fame, but I'm also going to get pleasure in seeing other people's grief'."
Hayley Graham-Hardy
Hayley and Lee Graham-Hardy got engaged at Sycamore Gap
Among those hurt by the loss of something both very public and personal was Hayley Graham-Hardy.
She got engaged at the Sycamore Gap tree and, after her wedding, she and her husband Lee posed for their photographs there.
"Strong, resilient always there, the tree symbolised what we wanted our marriage to be," she said.
The couple had hoped there had been more to the felling than Carruthers and Daniel having "a bit of a laugh" and it "stung" to find out that seemed to be their only motive.
"They sent messages to each other about someone not having the 'minerals' to do what they did," she said.
"I'd like to say to them, 'you guys haven't got the minerals to own up to what you did and I hope that sticks with you in prison'."
By next summer, new borrowers will have just two repayment options, streamlining the previous menu to pay off higher-education debt. Here’s what to know.
Shipping containers at a port in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. European Union officials say that if President Trump follows through on his tariff threats, it could upend trans-Atlantic trade.
Leaders from Georgetown, the City University of New York and the University of California, Berkeley, will become the latest to testify about accusations of campus antisemitism.
As a vote to cut more than $500 million per year in federal funding nears, stations are making their pitches to lawmakers, listeners and “Viewers Like You.”
Paula Kerger, the chief executive of PBS, at its headquarters in Arlington, Va. She has been promoting a campaign to save federal funding for public media.
Barely a week after devastating floods destroyed Camp Mystic and killed at least 132, Camp CAMP, which serves disabled youth, reopened Monday, thanks to a herculean cleanup led by a volunteer army.
Camp CAMP staff members helped a camper ride a horse shortly after the facility opened on Monday in Center Point, Texas.
Among the ideas being promoted: knocking on every single door in a House district and awarding cash prizes for the most effective new ways to reach voters.
Door knocking — both where to do it and whether it is still effective in a digital age — is being studied by Democratic strategists to identify what went wrong in 2024.
For-profit hospitals provide most inpatient physical therapy but tend to have worse readmission rates to general hospitals. Medicare doesn’t tell consumers about troubling inspections.
A bonfire topped with an effigy of a migrant boat. Homes set alight. During the Troubles, similar tactics were used to target Irish Catholics in the territory.
A fire set in the streets during an anti-immigrant riot last month in Ballymena, Northern Ireland. Violence there erupted after two boys were charged with the attempted oral rape of a teenage girl.
To avoid government scrutiny, companies are asking for fewer trainings focused on race and gender and more on neurodivergence and generational differences.
“If you have something being billed as a generational differences training,” said Arin Reeves, who has been a D.E.I. consultant for 26 years, “it is less likely to raise eyebrows.”
Sickness, not stubbornness, is the most likely explanation for the animal’s “unusual behaviors,” which prompted the unusually long closure, officials said.
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10年内禁止在华投资半导体：2022年8月9日，美国总统拜登签署《2022年芯片和科技法案》。该法案包括对芯片行业527亿美元的补贴、对半导体和设备制造25%的投资税收抵免等扶持政策。其最受瞩目的条款之一是，禁止获得联邦资金的公司在中国生产先进制程芯片，期限为10年，违反禁令的公司，需要全额退还联邦补助款。换言之，拿了美国政府补贴的资金，10年内不能在中国投资半导体产业。
禁止对华出口尖端芯片：2022年10月7日，美国商务部工业和安全局（Bureau of Industry and Security，
“BIS”）公布《出口管制条例》（EAR），一年后再度收紧，尤其针对向中国出口高性能芯片和半导体制造相关事宜。重点管控的目标是被用于数据中心的尖端芯片以及用于训练AI的大模型芯片。美国商务部将逐案调查酌情发放出口许可证。这一背景下，2023年10月美国禁止了英伟达（Nvidia）向中国输出先进芯片。
要求盟国配合限制出口芯片制造设备：2022年10月美国宣布对芯片制造设备的对华出口实施新的限制。此后荷兰的阿斯麦（ASML）和日本的东京电子（Tokyo Electron）跟进宣布配合美国的限制政策。这些国家如果不严格控制对华出口，华府会动用《外国直接产品规则（FDPR）》全面阻止相关产品的销售。此前的2022年8月，所有美国设备制造商都收到了商务部的信函，通知他们不要向中国供应用于14纳米或以下芯片制造的设备。
钢铝关税25%：2024年5月14日，拜登总统宣布，对战略性行业加征关税，这些行业包括钢铁和铝。华府启动《贸易法》第301条款，从2024年开始对钢铁和铝产品的关税从目前的0% - 7.5%提高至25%。
半导体关税50%、电动车100%：白宫划定的战略性行业也包括半导体、电动车以及太阳能产品。半导体产品的关税将于2025年从25%提高至50%。电动汽车的关税将于2024年从25%提高至100%。锂电池以及电池部件的关税从2024年其从7.5%提高至25%。太阳能电池板的关税将在2024年从25%提高到50%。
起重机、医用口罩手套加征至25%关税：此外，港口起重机的关税从今年起从0%提高至25%；注射器和针头的关税将从0%提高至50%。一些医疗用品如呼吸器和口罩，其关税将从0%-7.5%提高至25%。橡胶医用和外科手套的关税将在2026年从7.5%提高至25%。
哪些法案还在路上？：美国国会夏季休假结束后，众议院将率先讨论并通过一系列涉华法案，其中包括降低对中国生物技术的依赖、禁止中国电动汽车和无人机、限制中国公民购买农田以及恢复一个旨在消除剽窃美国知识产权的项目。美国民主共和两党在“不能输给对手中国”的问题上保持高度一致。众议院投票过后，还要按程序再经参议院表决通过。
"中国芯"：“中国芯”的提法在2000年代初就已开始传播。背景是中国在芯片方面长期依赖进口，缺乏自主研发能力的状况，令领导层对半导体领域的科技依赖性感到担忧，计划提升芯片设计、制造封测和装备材料产业链能级。在新的产业政策推动下，出现了一批集成电路研发创新机构。
浮夸造假：2006年的“汉芯”造假丑闻，给这场轰轰烈烈的科技创新运动蒙上了一层阴影。上海交通大学微电子学院院长、汉芯科技有限公司总经理陈进被查出在负责研制“汉芯”系列芯片过程中存在严重的造假和欺骗行为。这一事件所凸显的急功近利的浮夸现象，始终伴随中国芯片产业的发展。
“大基金”投入巨资：2014年，中国国务院公布了《国家集成电路产业发展推进纲要》，成立扶持芯片产业的“大基金”。 第一期募资1387亿元，2019年二期募资2041.5亿元，2023年推出的第三期规模扩大至3000亿元。受资助的公司包括中芯国际和长江存储等龙头企业。但一些分析人士指该基金主要在幕后运作，投资标准不够透明；此外技术创新的进展可能被夸大，许多投资未能取得成果。
为了不被“卡脖子”：2020年以来，美国逐步扩大对中国的芯片制裁，并联手日本、荷兰等国，更大范围封锁半导体制造设备输入中国，例如荷兰ASML公司生产的极紫外线（EUV）光刻机。中国欲实现半导体自给自足的意愿更加迫切。在响应习近平号召解决"卡脖子"技术问题的“造芯”运动中，一再出现资金使用不当和烂尾项目。2022年的芯片产业反腐风暴中，多名芯片大企业高管被调查。
华为、中芯实现突破？：2023年8月，被美国“断供”芯片的华为推出新款手机Mate 60 Pro (图)。专业机构拆解分析判断该手机使用的是华为海思设计、中芯国际（SMIC）制造的“麒麟9000s”7纳米芯片。虽然在去年就有报道称中芯“制造”出了7纳米芯片，但业界人士分析，这次仍是通过14纳米制程重复曝光生产出7纳米芯片，而这种工艺决定了其产量和良品率不高，但成本高，尚达不到批量生产的要求。
改变游戏规则的新技术？：2023年9月底，香港《南华早报》报道，中国科学家计划构建一个由粒子加速器驱动的巨型芯片工厂。这项新技术如果成功，将有可能使中国在半导体芯片行业中超越美国的制裁，走上芯片自产的道路。报道称，这一雄心勃勃的项目突显了中国在科技创新方面的决心，并预示着半导体行业可能出现的巨大转变。但中国整体经济面临的巨大下行压力，也将给芯片科研进行融资的过程带来了不小的阻碍。
道阻且长：依靠自己的力量建立先进的芯片产业链需要巨大投入，但又非仅靠资金就能实现。财经专栏作家刘远举曾在FT中文网撰文指出，“芯片行业仅仅跟随性发展，就涉及巨大的投资。若要站在世界领先水平，更需要大量的研发投入，这些研发投入大、见效慢、周期长、且充满风险。这需要给企业家以长远而稳定的预期；建立完善的知识产权保护体系；透明、公开的科研体系，远非一蹴而就之事。”
往返巴拉圭途中「低调」过境：2023年8月，台湾副总统赖清德前往巴拉圭参与新任总统就任典礼，去程过境美国纽约，回程则短暂停留旧金山。赖清德身为民进党党主席，也是下届总统选举的热门候选人，他此行保持「低调」、未安排与美国国会议员见面，但仍引发中国官方强烈不满。中国外交部发表声明谴责赖清德「窜美」，称其「顽固坚持『台独』分裂立场，是彻头彻尾的『麻烦制造者』」。台湾外交部则回应称中国无权干涉民主国家正常交往，没有理由过度反应。
过境美国 会晤麦卡锡：台湾总统蔡英文2023年3月底至4月初访问拉美邦交国，途中顺道停留美国纽约和洛杉矶，并且与美国众议院议长麦卡锡在洛杉矶见面，这也是几十年来在美国领土会见台湾领导人的最高层级美国政治人物。当时中国外交部对此批评道：「针对美台勾连的严重错误行径，中方将采取坚决有力措施捍卫国家主权和领土完整。」据华府智库战略暨国际研究中心（CSIS）统计，虽然台湾总统自1994年就有过境美国纪录，但在蔡英文任内，停留美国的时间明显更长，且她每次访问都会过夜，参与的活动也更丰富。
路途遥远 必然经停：蔡英文总统并非首次利用过境美国的机遇与美国高层开展互动。台湾为数不多的邦交国中，许多都位于拉美，离东亚地区路途遥远，航程往往比经乃至突破普通民航飞机的极限。因此，台湾领导人出访拉美，通常都会经停美国。图为2017年蔡英文过境夏威夷珍珠港。
三角关系风向标：台湾领导人在过境美国期间受到什么样的待遇、与谁会晤，自然也成为了台美、中美、两岸关系的风向标。图为2018年3月，蔡英文在加州里根总统图书馆与美国新墨西哥州长马丁内兹会面。
足迹遍布全美 独缺首都：自2016年上任总统以来，蔡英文过境的美国城市包括纽约、迈阿密、休斯顿、丹佛、旧金山、洛杉矶等。不过，台湾领导人从来没有在任内到过美国首都华盛顿。图为2019年7月，蔡英文抵达纽约时与前来机场的台湾侨民合影。
美国专门修法：台湾的过境外交始于1994年。时任总统李登辉借访问拉美之机，经停夏威夷，但是美国为了避免激怒中国，只允许机上人员上厕所、加油，但是不予“过境签证”。后来，美国专门为此修改法律，并且在1995年允许李登辉过境。图为李登辉总统1995年6月在纽约州雪城汉考克国际机场发表演讲，多名国会参议员出席。
私人行程 官方礼遇：李登辉的这次过境，是以“私人访问”的名义，受邀前往其母校康奈尔大学进行演讲。不过美方全程予以礼遇，这也触怒了北京，间接引发了之后的台海飞弹危机。
“麻烦制造者”不受欢迎：陈水扁总统的美国过境待遇则相对较低。当时，在反恐等多个议题上需要中方协助的小布什政府，视独立色彩鲜明的陈水扁为“麻烦制造者”，其过境地点也时常被迫选择在阿拉斯加等偏远地区。甚至还发生过专机起飞后美方通知不予过境的事件。
马英九外交休兵：马英九2008年上台后，两岸关系、台美关系均明显好转，同时期的中美关系也相对较好，因此美方给予马英九的过境待遇同前任陈水扁相比也显著提高。北京与台北在马英九任内达成了“外交休兵”的默契，因此马英九在过境时相对低调，北京也对此鲜有抗议。不过当时在野的民进党则抨击马英九低调过境美国为“自我矮化”。