School-age children in Australia are vaping less, research suggests, a year after a government ban on disposable vapes came into effect.

Vaping rates among 14 to 17 year olds fell from 17.5% at the start of 2023 to 14.6% in April this year, according to the latest update from Cancer Council Australia's nationwide study Generation Vape.

The survey also found rates for people aged over 15 reduced by more than a third.

Australian Health Minister Mark Butler said vaping rates for young Australians "have now turned the corner", adding that officials have seized more than 10 million illegal vapes in the past year.

"Our education and prevention campaigns as well as support to deter people from taking up vaping and smoking or to quit are making a difference," he said in a statement.

New laws to stop single-use vapes from being made, imported, advertised and supplied in Australia were introduced in July 2024. Nicotine vapes can now only be legally purchased with a prescription at pharmacies. However, a black market for nicotine vapes has been thriving in the country for years.

The UK similarly banned the sale of disposable vapes from June this year.

Vapes are considered safer than normal cigarettes because they do not contain harmful tobacco - but health experts advise that they are not risk-free and the long-term implications of using them are not yet clear.

Australian authorities - like those in the UK - were particularly concerned about the uptake of vapes by youth, with Mr Butler arguing the products were creating a new generation of nicotine addicts.

The latest Generation Vape survey found that 85.4% of young people - from a pool of about 3,000 children aged between 14 to 17 - had never vaped.

Less than a third of those teenagers expressed an interest in vaping, which the Cancer Council says represents a drop in curiosity about the products.

Attitudes towards vaping among school-age children are changing too, the researchers said, pointing to interviews conducted in the study where many current or former vapers said they felt a sense of shame or embarrassment about their vape use.

Though fewer teenagers are reporting that they're able to buy their vapes themselves, however, tobacconists and vape shops remain a key source of vape sales, despite the new laws.

Speaking to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on Wednesday, Mr Butler said he is confident the "peak of vaping" is behind Australia.

"I know this is a really, really tough fight and we've got a lot more to do, not just in the area of vaping, but illicit tobacco as well," he said.

Tobacco use remains Australia's leading cause of preventable death - despite some of the strongest anti-smoking laws in the world - and kills more than 24,000 people each year.

It's a makeover on a massive scale - it involves moving 1,300 plants, replacing 16,000 panes of glass and cleaning up hundreds of tonnes of iron.

This is the ambitious £50m plan to renovate the world-famous Palm House, which sits at the heart of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

The hot and humid conditions inside have taken their toll on the building, which opened in 1848 and houses a tropical rainforest.

Kew will also use the refurbishment – which will see the glass house closed for five years from 2027 – to reduce emissions from the Palm House to net zero.

The planning permission for the project has now been submitted, and some of the plants that make up the indoor tropical rainforest have started to be relocated.

"This is probably the plant that I worry about moving the most," says Thomas Pickering, head of glasshouses.

He's standing next to one of Kew's most precious specimens: a plant called Encephalartos altensteinii, which is a type of cycad.

It's growing in a pot, and at 250 years old, it's older than the Palm House itself. It's also enormous - weighing more than a tonne and standing about 4m tall.

"It's the sheer size of it. It has a huge weight in that root ball, but also this incredibly long stem, which is very old because they're incredibly slow-growing plants," says Pickering.

The horticulturists will use scaffolds, supports and braces to protect the plant when the time comes for it to be moved. Other plants, that are a bit easier to shift, have already been taken to a temporary greenhouse.

"It's going to be a long term project," explains Pickering.

"And over the next two years, it's going to be a process of selecting which plants we need to containerize (place in pots) and keep, which ones we need to propagate - and also some of the plants will be felled because we won't be able to move them."

The Palm House was built more than 175 years ago and was a wonder of the Victorian age.

No-one had ever constructed a glass house on that scale before and the engineers borrowed techniques from the shipping industry to build the huge structure.

It was last renovated in the 1980s, but now the iron is heavily rusting in places, so it will be stripped back to the bare metal work, repaired and repainted.

All of the thousands of single glazed panes of glass will be replaced and tests are underway to find the best type of glass to provide maximum insulation.

Maintaining the Palm House's temperature at 21C uses a lot of energy, but now gas boilers will be replaced with air source and water source heat pumps.

"This is an incredibly challenging building to make net zero," said Rachel Purdon, head of sustainability at Kew.

"We can do a huge amount with things like sealing the glass and improving the heating systems to massively reduce the carbon footprint and improve the sustainability of the Palm House without impacting the aesthetics."

The Water Lily House, which is located next to the Palm House, will also be made over as part of the renovation. The public will still be able to visit both for the next two years before they're closed for the works.

The team at Kew acknowledges this will be a big undertaking that will have a temporary impact on people coming to their botanic gardens. But they say the results will be worth it.

"The really important aspect of this is to try and ensure that the structure can last as long as possible, before we have to do another refurbishment," says Rachel Purdon.

Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs), who assist doctors in GP surgeries and hospitals, should be known as "assistants" to avoid confusing patients, an independent review says.

The review recommends PAs and AAs wear standardised clothing and badges to distinguish them from doctors, and that they should not diagnose patients.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting announced the review last year, following a heated debate over the roles and responsibilities of the healthcare positions.

The doctor's union, the BMA, says the review should have gone further.

Review author Prof Gillian Leng talked to doctors, patients and the public to collect evidence on the safety and effectiveness of the roles of PAs and AAs.

She said a clear vision "was largely missing" when they were introduced in 2000 and there was no national plan for how the new roles would fit into existing teams, resulting in growing "confusion about the roles' purpose and remit".

"Where capacity was limited in local services, gaps in medical posts were sometimes covered by PAs, without taking into account their more limited training or ensuring that supervisors had the necessary understanding of the roles and the time and skills required to provide appropriate oversight," Prof Leng added.

She also listened to families of relatives who died after being treated by PAs, believing them to be qualified doctors.

Emily Chesterton was told the calf pain she was experiencing in October 2022 was a sprain but it was in fact a blood clot. She died, aged 30, after being seen twice by a physician associate.

Susan Pollitt, 77, was being treated by a PA in hospital two years ago after a pump was left in her stomach for 15 hours longer than it should have been. She died from an infection two days later.

Her daughter Kate says the family have never blamed the PA involved but want more clarity.

"As a family, when you've got someone in hospital, you don't think straight because you're just worried about your relative," she says.

"Even though people are telling you who they are, you're not registering it. So I do think it needs to be made clear, with the uniform and the badges and the name. So we do welcome that," Kate says.

In other cases, patients said they were satisfied after seeing a PA and felt listened to, the review says.

The review recommends physician associates should:

• be renamed "physician assistants" to reflect their supportive role in medical teams
• not see new patients in primary or emergency care or make a diagnosis
• have at least two years' hospital experience before working in a GP surgery or mental health trust
• be part of a team led by a senior doctor
• wear badges, lanyards and clothing to set them apart from doctors

Anaesthesia associates should be renamed "physician assistants in anaesthesia" or PAAs.

In addition, patients should be given clear information about the role of a PA and there should be a faculty to represent PAs and set standards for training.

Physician associates (PAs) and anaesthesia associates (AAs) were introduced into the NHS in the early 2000s to ease doctors' workload.

As their numbers grew, concerns were raised about the safety of the roles, the lack of clarity around their responsibilities and the impact they had on junior medics' work and training.

PAs are not authorised to prescribe medication but they can order certain scans, take medical histories and conduct physical examinations.

Anaesthesia associates (AAs) support surgery teams and are a much smaller group.

There are now more than 3,000 PAs and AAs in England but the NHS workforce plan envisages that increasing to 12,000 by 2036.

Both PAs and AAs have to complete a two-year postgraduate course. To be eligible they need to have either a science-related undergraduate degree or be a registered healthcare professional already.

The Academy of Medical Royal Colleges said there was a growing campaign against their use, fuelled by unsubstantiated claims on social media. It requested an independent review to set out the jobs they can safely do.

PAs and AAs have been regulated by the General Medical Council, the body which also regulates doctors, since December 2024.

Doctors' training takes many years longer, and anti-social hours and exams are a regular occurrence.

The British Medical Association has said PAs and AAs were being asked to do tasks they were not meant to do and the lines with doctors were getting blurred.

Dr Emma Runswick, from the BMA, says the name change to physician assistants is "positive" but doctors haven't got everything they wanted and more still needs to be done.

"Patients can know who they are seeing, but it does not make the key changes that we are looking for in terms of setting out what they can and cannot do."

"But we would be a fool to say that it wasn't some progress."

Dr Hilary Williams, incoming vice president of the Royal College of Physicians, said the review was "thoughtful" and "thorough", and showed that "reform is urgently needed" to ensure safe teamworking in the NHS.

An advert by Trip drinks has been banned for making unauthorised claims it can "help you feel calm".

The ad for the drink, which includes cucumber, mint and magnesium also claimed it could help or reduce stress and anxiety.

This was not in line with rules on marketing food or drink ingredients as having health benefits, the advertising watchdog's investigation found.

Trip said it had removed the claims while it awaited external advice but hoped to be in a position to make the claims in the future.

Trip drinks has tapped in to a burgeoning market for non-alcoholic drinks, advertising widely on social media and positioning itself as a brand that uses ingredients that, it claims, relax people.

It calls itself the "UK's No.1 CBD brand". CBD, short for cannabidiol, is an extract of the marijuana plant and is commonly advertised as a relaxant, though it does not induce a "high" like other compounds found in the plant.

The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) upheld three complaints made against Trip's advert for its cucumber and mint flavoured drink. It appeared on its website in December with the words: "Try me in the morning to help find some calm before a long day, or take a Trip to unwind when work is over."

The ASA found the company made a host of claims about its "Mindful Blend" range having "viral ingredients", that were "calming". These included supplements Lion's Mane extract, L-theanine and ashwagandha.

The Great Britain nutrition and health claims register sets out which nutrition and health claims are permitted in adverts for food or supplements. These were not permitted, the ASA found.

Some of the language used in the advert, such as "crafted for calm" and "simply help you feel calm" would lead consumers to deduce that Trip drinks reduce anxiety, the ASA ruling said. These were implications that were prohibited by the GB register, it said.

The watchdog also found the advert's suggestion that the magnesium in the drink could reduce serum cortisol levels breached the code. Cortisol is commonly known as the stress hormone.

The ASA also found that Trip's claim of "0g added sugar" were inaccurate and therefore breached the ASA's codes of advertising.

The watchdog ruled that the ad must not appear again in the same form, and said it had told Trip not to make claims that its drinks could prevent, treat or cure human disease.

When the world-famous Sycamore Gap tree was illegally felled in September 2023, TV chef and Hairy Biker Si King was among those devastated by the wanton destruction. He was so angry he could not bring himself to visit the site again - until now.

He takes several deep breaths, steeling himself, then walks slowly up to the stump.

Inside the fence surrounding the remains of the sycamore, several green shoots are growing.

"Dear me," Si says simply, before turning away, too overwhelmed by the "big yawning gap" in the landscape.

"I've put off coming to see it, because I didn't want to," he says.

Si inspects the scars left by a chainsaw blade.

"Absolutely mindless," he adds.

On the morning of 28 September 2023, when news that the much-loved landmark had been felled spread globally, Si was among those expressing their fury.

"You've just murdered a sentinel of time and elemental spirit of Northumberland," he raged on social media. "For whatever warped reason you've done it, it's shocking."

The TV chef, best known as one half of the Hairy Bikers, had to postpone filming that day because of his "visceral reaction" to the news.

In his direct message to those responsible - a 44 second clip that's had almost two million views on X - he furiously ranted that he hoped they had a conscience.

Coming from the north-east of England, where the tree had grown for more than 100 years, Si knew its importance.

"There was a magic and majesty to it," he says, calling it an "absolute exclamation mark of who we are in this part of the world".

• Men jailed for felling 'irreplaceable' sycamore
• Listen to Felled: The Sycamore Gap story
• Watch The Sycamore Gap: From Roots to Ruin

Si had been sent the news of its felling in a text message by a close friend, who had come to cherish the tree following a personal tragedy.

He hoped she was mistaken, but links to news articles sent in follow-up messages brought the dreaded confirmation.

Such was his anger, he had to record his condemnation video several times because of the swearing in the original versions.

Following a third expletive-free attempt, he asked fellow Hairy Biker and best friend Dave Myers if it was acceptable to be shared with their one million followers on X.

"I was absolutely raging," Si says.

"That level of vandalism and brutal bitterness was beyond my comprehension.

"I can't comprehend the mindset that would just do that. I don't understand that character and personality. That was just plain nasty.

"It felt so personal."

That sentiment was shared by millions both in the UK and around the world.

Sycamore Gap was the scene of marriage proposals, wedding photographs and somewhere grieving families scattered ashes.

For Si, it was a "special place" that provided moments of "peace", "solace" and "counsel."

It was also somewhere he visited when "in crisis."

Five months after the tree was cut down, his on-screen partner and "best mate" Dave died at the age of 66, two years after revealing he had cancer.

Had the tree still been there, Si says he would have gone there to reflect on his loss, "given the year everybody involved with the Hairy Bikers has had".

However, with only the stump remaining, it was "too much" for him to visit in the immediate aftermath of Dave's death.

On one occasion he drove to the road adjacent to Sycamore Gap, but his emotions halted his return and he "looked away", unable to bring himself to stop his car.

It was only in June, after Daniel Graham and Adam Carruthers, both from Cumbria, had been found guilty of chopping down the tree, that he says he felt ready to return, accompanied by a BBC film crew for the documentary The Sycamore Gap: From Roots to Ruin.

"It's quite difficult to put into words," he says, as he surveys the scene.

"I'm an emotional human being and it's sorely missed - tragically so."

Sycamore Gap had extra poignancy to Si because of another personal tragedy.

The close friend who had texted him on the day to say the tree had been cut down had lost her son when he was just 18.

Following the teenager's death, Sycamore Gap became a natural place for them to gather and grieve.

"The impact of that, because we were all very close, was enormous," Si says.

The peacefulness of Sycamore Gap was "of solace" to them all, so much so the tree was depicted on the young man's gravestone.

"Sycamore Gap is that important," Si says.

"It's not just a tree."

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The Trump administration says it has launched an investigation into Brazil's "unfair" trading practices.

It will include the Brazilian government's policies "related to digital trade and electronic payment services; unfair, preferential tariffs; anti-corruption interference", a statement from the US Trade Representative said.

The investigation seek to determine whether they are "unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict US commerce."

Last week, US President Donald Trump urged Brazilian authorities to end their prosecution of the country's former President Jair Bolsonaro, accusing them of carrying out a "WITCH HUNT".

Trade Ambassador Jamieson Greer said that the probe was being launched at Trump's direction "into Brazil's attacks on American social media companies as well as other unfair trading practices that harm American companies, workers, farmers, and technology innovators".

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

US House of Representatives Speaker Mike Johnson has called for the justice department to release all its files on sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, in a split with President Donald Trump, who has sought to draw a line under the matter.

"We should put everything out there and let the people decide," Johnson, an ally of the president, said in an interview.

It came as Trump said Attorney General Pam Bondi should release "whatever she thinks is credible" on Epstein. At the weekend, the president urged supporters not to "waste time and energy" on the controversy.

Bondi is under fire after she said last week there was no evidence Epstein kept a "client list" or was blackmailing powerful figures.

Convicted paedophile Epstein's 2019 death in a US prison while awaiting federal trial was ruled to be a suicide, but many in Trump's Make America Great Again (Maga) movement suspect a cover-up.

Asked about the Epstein files on Tuesday by US conservative commentator Benny Johnson, Speaker Johnson said he was in favour of "transparency".

The Republican congressman from Louisiana added that he trusted President Trump and his team, and that the White House was privy to facts that he did not know.

But he said Bondi "needs to come forward and explain it to everybody".

• Trump defends US Attorney General Pam Bondi over Epstein files
• Who was Jeffrey Epstein?

Trump is facing a rare backlash from his staunchly loyal political base over their theories that details of Epstein's crimes are being withheld in order to protect influential figures, or intelligence agencies.

On Tuesday, he praised his attorney general's handling of the matter, saying: "She's handled it very well, and it's going to be up to her. Whatever she thinks is credible, she should release."

Last week the president vented frustration in the Oval Office about his supporters' fixation on Epstein and implored them to move on.

But other Republican allies of the president are not letting go of the matter.

Georgia congresswoman Marjorie Taylor-Greene told Benny Johnson in a separate interview on Tuesday: "I fully support transparency on this issue."

She praised Bondi's work as attorney general, but said that leaders and elected officials should keep their promises to voters. President Trump had previously pledged to release all details of the Epstein investigation.

Another conservative Republican, Lauren Boebert of Colorado, said if more Epstein files were not released, a special counsel should be appointed to investigate the financier's crimes.

Senator John Kennedy of Louisiana said the voters expect more accountability.

"I think it's perfectly understandable that the American people would like to know who he [Epstein] trafficked those women to and why they weren't prosecuted," Kennedy told NBC News.

But other influential Republicans – including Senator John Thune and congressman Jim Jordan – deferred to President Trump on the matter.

At an unrelated news conference on fentanyl on Tuesday, Bondi brushed aside questions about the controversy.

"Nothing about Epstein," she told reporters. "I'm not going to talk about Epstein."

She said last week's memo by the Department of Justice, jointly released with the FBI, declining to release any further files on Epstein "speaks for itself".

The government's findings were made, according to the memo, after reviewing more than 300 gigabytes of data.

On Tuesday, House Democratic lawmakers tried unsuccessfully to force a vote on releasing Epstein files.

Republicans pointed out the administration of President Joe Biden, a Democrat, also had access to the files, but did not release them.

Severance, The Penguin, and The White Lotus lead the nominations for this year's Emmy TV awards.

Britt Lower, Quinta Brunson, Harrison Ford and Jeremy Allen White are among the stars competing for the top prizes for acting.

The Studio, The Bear, Abbott Elementary and Shrinking are among the contenders in the comedy categories.

The best TV shows and actors of the past year will be honoured at the awards ceremony in Los Angeles on 14 September.

Here is the full list of nominees announced on Tuesday.

The most nominated shows

The most nominated shows

27 - Severance

24 - The Penguin

23 - The White Lotus

23 - The Studio

16 - The Last of Us

14 - Andor

14 - Hacks

Major categories

Outstanding drama series

• Andor (Disney+)
• The Diplomat (Netflix)
• The Last of Us (HBO Max)
• Paradise (Hulu)
• The Pitt (HBO Max)
• Severance (Apple TV+)
• Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
• The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding comedy series

• Abbott Elementary (ABC)
• The Bear (Hulu)
• Hacks (HBO Max)
• Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
• Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
• Shrinking (Apple TV+)
• The Studio (Apple TV+)
• What We Do in the Shadows (Hulu)

Outstanding limited or anthology series

• Adolescence (Netflix)
• Black Mirror (Netflix)
• Dying for Sex (Hulu)
• Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
• The Penguin (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a drama series

• Sterling K Brown - Paradise (Hulu)
• Gary Oldman - Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
• Pedro Pascal - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
• Adam Scott - Severance (Apple TV+)
• Noah Wyle - The Pitt (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actress in a drama series

• Kathy Bates - Matlock (CBS)
• Sharon Horgan - Bad Sisters (Apple TV+)
• Britt Lower - Severance (Apple TV+)
• Bella Ramsey - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
• Keri Russell - The Diplomat (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actor in a comedy series

• Adam Brody - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
• Seth Rogen - The Studio (Apple TV+)
• Jason Segel - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
• Martin Short - Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
• Jeremy Allen White - The Bear (Hulu)

Outstanding lead actress in a comedy series

• Uzo Aduba - The Residence (Netflix)
• Kristen Bell - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
• Quinta Brunson - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
• Ayo Edebiri - The Bear (Hulu)
• Jean Smart - Hacks (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

• Colin Farrell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
• Stephen Graham - Adolescence (Netflix)
• Jake Gyllenhaal - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
• Bryan Tyree Henry - Dope Thief (Apple TV+)
• Cooper Koch - Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

• Cate Blanchett - Disclaimer (Apple TV+)
• Meghan Fehy - Sirens (Netflix)
• Rashidah Jones - Black Mirror (Netflix)
• Cristin Milioti - The Penguin (HBO Max)
• Michelle Williams - Dying for Sex (Hulu)

Outstanding supporting actor in a drama series

• Zach Cherry - Severance (Apple TV+)
• Walton Goggins - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• Jason Isaacs - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• James Marsden - Paradise (Hulu)
• Sam Rockwell -The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• Tramell Tillman - Severance (Apple TV+)
• John Turturro - Severance (Apple TV+)

Outstanding supporting actress in a drama series

• Patricia Arquette - Severance (Apple TV+)
• Carrie Coon - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• Katherine LaNasa - The Pitt (HBO Max)
• Julianne Nicholson - Paradise (Hulu)
• Parker Posey - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• Natasha Rothwell - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
• Aimee Lou Wood - The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding supporting actor in a comedy series

• Ike Barinholtz - The Studio (Apple TV+)
• Colman Domingo - The Four Seasons (Netflix)
• Harrison Ford - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
• Jeff Hiller - Somebody Somewhere (HBO Max)
• Ebon Moss-Bachrach - The Bear (Hulu)
• Michael Urie - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
• Bowen Yang - Saturday Night Live (NBC)

Outstanding supporting actress in a comedy series

• Liza Colón-Zayas - The Bear (Hulu)
• Hannah Einbinder - Hacks (HBO Max)
• Kathryn Hahn - The Studio (Apple TV+)
• Janelle James - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
• Catherine O'Hara - The Studio (Apple TV+)
• Sheryl Lee Ralph - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
• Jessica Williams - Shrinking (Apple TV+)

Outstanding supporting actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

• Javier Bardem - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
• Bill Camp - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
• Owen Cooper - Adolescence (Netflix)
• Rob Delaney - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
• Peter Sarsgaard - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
• Ashley Walters - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding supporting actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

• Erin Doherty - Adolescence (Netflix)
• Ruth Negga - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
• Deirdre O'Connell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
• Chloë Sevigny - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
• Jenny Slate - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
• Christine Tremarco - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding reality competition programme

• The Amazing Race (CBS)
• RuPaul's Drag Race (MTV)
• Survivor (CBS)
• Top Chef (Bravo)
• The Traitors (NBC)

Outstanding talk series

• The Daily Show (Comedy Central)
• Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC)
• The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS)