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Trump told Netanyahu not to kill Iran's supreme leader, says report

Getty Images A close-up of US President Donald Trump sitting in the Oval Office. He is looking to his left, wearing a red tie with a US flag pin on his suit. Getty Images

US President Donald Trump rejected a plan by Israel to kill Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, three US officials have told BBC's US partner CBS News.

Trump reportedly told Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that assassinating Khamenei was not a good idea, according to one official. The president has not commented publicly on the report.

The conversation is said to have happened since Israel launched its attack on Iran on Friday.

During an interview with Fox News, Netanyahu did not directly confirm or deny a report from Reuters that Trump had vetoed a plan to killed the ayatollah.

"There's so many false reports of conversations that never happened and I'm not going to get into that," the Israeli prime minister said.

"But I can tell you I think we do what we need to do. We will do what we need to do and I think the United States knows what is good for the United States and I'm just not going to get into it."

An Israeli official told CBS News that "in principle," Israel does not "kill political leaders, we are focused on nuclear and military. I don't think anyone making decisions about those programs should be living free and easy."

Israel first launched an attack on Iranian nuclear infrastructure and other targets on Friday.

Iran later confirmed the head of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) intelligence unit, Mohammad Kazemi, had been killed, alongside a deputy and another commander.

The two countries have continued to launch massive strikes at each other since, with attacks entering a third day on Sunday.

In his latest post on Truth Social about the escalating situation in the Middle East, Trump said "Iran and Israel should make a deal", adding that he would get the two to cease hostilities "just like I got India and Pakistan" - referring to the recent confrontation between the countries.

In a separate post on Saturday, the president said the US "had nothing to do with the attack on Iran".

"If we are attacked in any way, shape or form by Iran, the full strength and might of the U.S. Armed Forces will come down on you at levels never seen before," he warned.

MP Patrick Spencer pleads not guilty to sexual assault charges

PA Media Patrick Spencer wears a navy suit and stands in front of a plain background.PA Media
Patrick Spencer appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court

An MP has pleaded not guilty to two counts of sexual assault that allegedly took place at London's Groucho Club.

Central Suffolk and North Ipswich MP Patrick Spencer is accused of two assaults on two women on the same day in August 2023 - before he was elected.

The 37-year-old, who became a Conservative MP at the 2024 general election, appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court.

He is due to appear next at Southwark Crown Court on 14 July for a plea and trial preparation hearing.

Mr Spencer stood in the dock to confirm his name as Michael Patrick Spencer and his date of birth.

District Judge Paul Goldspring told the MP he was on unconditional bail.

The charges were first brought against Mr Spencer in May.

Frank Ferguson, head of the special crime and counter terrorism division at the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), previously said: "Following a review of the evidence provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, we have authorised two counts of sexual assault against Patrick Spencer MP.

"The charges follow two alleged incidents involving two separate women at the Groucho Club in central London in August 2023."

First heatwave of 2025 likely as temperatures to surge above 30C

First heatwave of 2025 likely as temperatures to surge above 30C

A row of multi-coloured beach huts on the right with some grass and a view over looking blue sea and bright blue skyImage source, BBC WeatherWatcher / squiz
Image caption,

The hottest spot in the UK so far this year was in Suffolk on 13 June

  • Published

Temperatures are set to soar to more than 30C (86F) this week as an area of high pressure builds across the UK.

It will become increasingly hot later this week and by the weekend some places could easily beat the highest temperature recorded so far this year - 29.4C (85F) in Suffolk on 13 June.

For a heatwave to be declared by the Met Office we need to reach a threshold temperature for at least three consecutive days, and that varies from 25C across the north and west of the UK, to 28C in parts of eastern England.

Whilst we have seen temperatures exceeding these figures in recent weeks, the warm spells haven't been long enough to qualify as a heatwave but that could be about to change.

A map showing heatwave thresholds across different areas of the UKImage source, MetOffice
Image caption,

A heatwave is defined by the Met Office three consecutive days above these temperatures

Temperatures over 30C for the first time this year

The warm weather will be concentrated across East Anglia and south-east England on Monday and Tuesday before spreading across the Midlands, east Wales and north England by the weekend.

On Monday we're likely to reach 26C, by Wednesday the heat becomes much more widespread with highs of 28C and by the weekend the hot spots surge somewhere between 30-33C.

Meanwhile, it will become warmer in Northern Ireland and Scotland later in the week, but it will be more comfortable here with temperatures mostly in the low 20Cs.

By Sunday things become more uncertain and we may see fresher air move in from the Atlantic with a risk of thundery downpours.

However, some models keep the heat for longer especially in East Anglia and south-east England with temperatures continuing to stay above the 30C mark.

A map showing how the heat becomes more widespread later this week
Image caption,

Becoming much hotter later this week

Heatwaves are becoming more common due to climate change, with a greater chance of seeing extreme heat.

They can cause problems for our infrastructure, such as trains running at reduced speeds due to the risk of train tracks expanding and buckling in the heat.

We also see an increase in heat-related health problems which can lead to an increase in excess deaths in those with underlying health conditions.

Heat health alerts are issued to warn health providers of the risk of a heat causing adverse impacts to the heath and wellbeing of the population.

More on this story

'Forever chemical' which may impact human reproduction found in 31 UK rivers

Getty Images The River Ness flows through Inverness. There are two spires on the bank. Getty Images
The River Ness in Scotland was the only river of those sampled that did not show traces of the "forever chemical" TFA.

A chemical that scientists worry might have an impact on human reproduction has been found in rivers across the UK.

Researchers from York University analysed samples from 32 rivers in all the UK's 4 nations and found traces of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at 98% of the test locations.

TFA is what's known as a "forever chemical" which means that it breaks down extremely slowly in nature, and so accumulates over time.

As with other "forever chemicals", also known as PFAS, just how much a threat to human health and at what concentrations is still being researched.

But scientists in Germany say having looked at the impact of TFA on animals they want it to be classed as toxic for reproduction.

TFA forms when synthetic chemicals from other "forever chemicals" such as those found in pesticides and refrigerants are partially broken down.

"This molecule (TFA) is everywhere," Alistair Boxall, professor of Environmental Science at the University of York who carried out the research, told the BBC. "We will all be drinking water containing TFA every day - so we'll be exposed throughout our lifetime. It's that long-term, low level exposure that is the big concern."

This new study was funded by environmental charity Fidras and involved sampling in 5 rivers in Wales, 3 in Northern Ireland 14 in Scotland and 10 in the north of England. The highest concentration was recorded on the River Kelvin in Glasgow.

The River Ness, which flows from Loch Ness to the Moray Firth, was the only river sampled not to show traces of TFA.

Recent studies in the EU have found TFA to be widespread, including in wine and food, human blood and breast milk.

Authorities in Germany have been looking with interest at rising TFA levels in drinking water. In the last two decades its concentrations have gone up fourfold and researchers have been trying to establish what impact - if any - it might have on human health.

Citing scientific studies that showed TFA affecting rabbit and rat foetuses, the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) has applied to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) for TFA to be classified as toxic for reproduction and harmful to the environment. That could eventually lead to recommendations being made in the EU as to how products containing TFA should be controlled.

"Currently, there are no expected adverse health effects from consuming water or food contaminated with TFA," said Andreas Hensel, president of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). "The new classification is an important step in preparing further measures to ensure that this remains the case in the future".

There aren't currently any rules or regulations in place to identify or reduce the concentrations of TFA either in the environment or in drinking water supplies in the UK.

But aware of concerns, the Drinking Water Inspectorate, which monitors and regulates drinking water quality in England and Wales, has just commissioned its own research. It will look at how much TFA is already in drinking water and what risk - if any - it poses.

"The information signposted by the University of York suggests that TFA can be formed from the degradation of PFAS-containing pesticides," Ann Bunting, Principal Inspector of the Drinking Water Inspectorate, told the BBC. "It is important that the fate of pesticides and other chemicals in the environment is understood, in order to protect drinking water sources."

A spokesperson for Water UK, which represents the UK's water companies, told the BBC: "We want to see PFAS, including TFA, banned and the development of a national plan to remove it from the environment which should be paid for by manufacturers."

中东战事升级 以色列称掌握德黑兰制空权


2025-06-16T12:33:18.285Z
德黑兰再次遭到以色列的猛烈空袭

(德国之声中文网)以色列军方称,以军获得了伊朗首都德黑兰的制空权。军方发言人德夫林周一在新闻发布会上表示:“我们现在可以说,我们已经在德黑兰上空取得了完全的空中优势。”

德弗林表示,自周五以来,已有超过50架战斗机和精确制导导弹袭击了120多个朝以色列方向发射的弹道导弹发射台。他还表示,以色列已经摧毁了伊朗三分之一的发射台。

2025年6月16日凌晨,伊伊朗朗对以色列发动新一轮导弹袭击,以色列的回击重点针对伊朗导弹发射基地。

特拉维夫夜间遭导弹袭击

一枚伊朗导弹击中美驻以色列大使馆在特拉维夫的分支机构,造成建筑轻微受损,无人员伤亡。美国驻以色列大使赫卡比表示,美国驻以色列大使馆和领事馆将继续关闭。美驻伊拉克大使馆亦发出警告,称美侨恐遭袭击,应尽速撤离。

以色列和伊朗再次互射导弹 核设施暂无泄漏

伊朗导弹在特拉维夫郊区巴特亚姆造成大规模破坏,仅此地就有9人丧生。另据以色列媒体报道称,耶路撒冷也发生巨大爆炸,沿海城市海法郊外发生火灾。自上周五以来,至少有13名以色列人在空袭中死亡、近百人受伤。

以色列防长卡茨在X 上发帖指责伊朗故意针对以色列平民。他将伊朗政权称为“傲慢的独裁者”和“懦弱的杀手”,并表示:“德黑兰的居民将为此付出代价,而且很快。”

自周五以来,十多名以色列人在空袭中死亡

革命卫队情报主管死于空袭

作为回击,以色列出动空军轰炸伊朗境内多个革命卫队指挥中心。以色列军方称,这些指挥中心被用来与伊朗支持的中东武装组织一同推进“针对以色列国的恐怖袭击”。

伊朗通讯社Tasnim证实,伊斯兰革命卫队的情报部门主管卡赛姆(Mohammed Kasem)及其副手莫哈格(Hassan Mohaghegh)在以色列对德黑兰的空袭中丧生。

以军还袭击了伊朗中部和西部多处地对地导弹发射阵地。的地对地导弹基地。”以色列国防军周日发布消息称,已“对多个武器生产基地完成了大规模打击”,其中包括一个地对空导弹发射器。

伊朗媒体报道,德黑兰的石油部、警察总署等政府机关已收到攻击。周一凌晨的空袭后,伊朗官方没有公布新的死伤人数。此前的数字是,自上周五以来,已有224人死亡、一千多人受伤,其中九成是平民。

德黑兰居民纷纷逃离,造成交通堵塞

特朗普:先打一架再谈

美国总统特朗普表示希望以伊两国“能够达成协议”。特朗普在前往加拿大参加七国集团峰会时对记者说:“我认为现在是达成协议的时候了,我们拭目以待,”他接着说,“有时他们必须先打上一仗”。特朗普表示,美国将继续支持以色列的防御,但拒绝透露他是否要求以色列暂停对伊朗的打击。

德国总理梅尔茨(Friedrich Merz)在前往G7峰会途中表示,“以色列有权捍卫其生存和公民安全。”他指出,伊朗的核武器计划对以色列构成了生存威胁,因此“绝不允许伊朗发展或拥有核武器”。梅尔茨补充说,德国将向以色列提供消防物资。

据《华尔街日报》报道称,特朗普政府已将原计划交付乌克兰的部分防空系统部件改用于满足驻中东美国空军的需要。美国国防部长赫格塞斯周六接受福克斯新闻采访时证实,部分防范空中无人系统的装备已从乌克兰发往了中东。

据美联社援引一位知情美国官员的话报道称,美国总统特朗普否决了以色列向美国提出的“刺杀伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊”的计划。据这名知情官员透露,特朗普政府认为刺杀哈梅内伊将加剧冲突。

以色列总理内塔尼亚胡15日在接受美国福克斯新闻网采访时被问及相关计划。内塔尼亚胡没有直接回应,但他表示,他认为以色列“会做需要做的事”,他认为美国“知道什么对美国有利”。不过内塔尼亚胡的发言人稍后对媒体表示,有关以色列刺杀计划的报道是“假新闻”。

 

DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。

© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。

中东冲突升级 特朗普:先打一仗再谈


2025-06-16T12:33:18.285Z
特拉维夫遭到伊朗导弹的袭击

(德国之声中文网)2025年6月16日凌晨,伊伊朗朗对以色列发动新一轮导弹袭击,以色列的回击重点针对伊朗导弹发射基地。

一枚伊朗导弹击中美驻以色列大使馆在特拉维夫的分支机构,造成建筑轻微受损,无人员伤亡。美国驻以色列大使赫卡比表示,美国驻以色列大使馆和领事馆将继续关闭。美驻伊拉克大使馆亦发出警告,称美侨恐遭袭击,应尽速撤离。

以色列和伊朗再次互射导弹 核设施暂无泄漏

伊朗导弹在特拉维夫郊区巴特亚姆造成大规模破坏,仅此地就有9人丧生。另据以色列媒体报道称,耶路撒冷也发生巨大爆炸,沿海城市海法郊外发生火灾。自上周五以来,至少有13名以色列人在空袭中死亡、近百人受伤。

以色列防长卡茨在X 上发帖指责伊朗故意针对以色列平民。他将伊朗政权称为“傲慢的独裁者”和“懦弱的杀手”,并表示:“德黑兰的居民将为此付出代价,而且很快。”

自周五以来,十多名以色列人在空袭中死亡

革命卫队情报主管死于空袭

作为回击,以色列出动空军轰炸伊朗境内多个革命卫队指挥中心。以色列军方称,这些指挥中心被用来与伊朗支持的中东武装组织一同推进“针对以色列国的恐怖袭击”。

伊朗通讯社Tasnim证实,伊斯兰革命卫队的情报部门主管卡赛姆(Mohammed Kasem)及其副手莫哈格(Hassan Mohaghegh)在以色列对德黑兰的空袭中丧生。

以军还袭击了伊朗中部和西部多处地对地导弹发射阵地。的地对地导弹基地。”以色列国防军周日发布消息称,已“对多个武器生产基地完成了大规模打击”,其中包括一个地对空导弹发射器。

伊朗媒体报道,德黑兰的石油部、警察总署等政府机关已收到攻击。周一凌晨的空袭后,伊朗官方没有公布新的死伤人数。此前的数字是,自上周五以来,已有224人死亡、一千多人受伤,其中九成是平民。

德黑兰居民纷纷逃离,造成交通堵塞

特朗普:先打一架再谈

美国总统特朗普表示希望以伊两国“能够达成协议”。特朗普在前往加拿大参加七国集团峰会时对记者说:“我认为现在是达成协议的时候了,我们拭目以待,”他接着说,“有时他们必须先打上一仗”。特朗普表示,美国将继续支持以色列的防御,但拒绝透露他是否要求以色列暂停对伊朗的打击。

德国总理梅尔茨(Friedrich Merz)在前往G7峰会途中表示,“以色列有权捍卫其生存和公民安全。”他指出,伊朗的核武器计划对以色列构成了生存威胁,因此“绝不允许伊朗发展或拥有核武器”。梅尔茨补充说,德国将向以色列提供消防物资。

据《华尔街日报》报道称,特朗普政府已将原计划交付乌克兰的部分防空系统部件改用于满足驻中东美国空军的需要。美国国防部长赫格塞斯周六接受福克斯新闻采访时证实,部分防范空中无人系统的装备已从乌克兰发往了中东。

据美联社援引一位知情美国官员的话报道称,美国总统特朗普否决了以色列向美国提出的“刺杀伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊”的计划。据这名知情官员透露,特朗普政府认为刺杀哈梅内伊将加剧冲突。

以色列总理内塔尼亚胡15日在接受美国福克斯新闻网采访时被问及相关计划。内塔尼亚胡没有直接回应,但他表示,他认为以色列“会做需要做的事”,他认为美国“知道什么对美国有利”。不过内塔尼亚胡的发言人稍后对媒体表示,有关以色列刺杀计划的报道是“假新闻”。

 

DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。

© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。

Meta这是独辟蹊径,还是病急乱投医?

科技巨头Meta本周的连环动作,轰动AI圈。

南方周末科创力研究中心

责任编辑:黄金萍

科技巨头Meta本周的连环动作,轰动AI圈。

6月11日,Meta发布基于视频训练的世界模型V-JEPA 2(Video Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture 2),并发布技术论文 V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planning。

V-JEPA 2拥有12亿参数,基于联合嵌入预测架构(JEPA)构建,在2024年首个基于视频训练模型V-JEPA的基础上,进一步提升了动作预测和世界建模能力,能够实现最先进的环境理解和预测,并在新环境中完成零样本规划和机器人控制。

图灵奖得主、Meta首席AI科学家Yann LeCun亲自出镜讲解。在视频中,他强调了世界模型的重要性,其能够让AI理解世界,并拥有预判行为的能力。

之前Yann LeCun在各种公开场合和个人社交媒体曾直言大语言模型(LLM)的局限性,认为它只擅长检索,无法通往真正的智能;他也被外界批评未能带着Meta做出成功的产品。看来,他对V-JEPA 2还是满意的。

Yann LeCun是见过AI起落、真正坐过学术冷板凳的人。尽管扎堆LLM蔚然成风,但也要有人像他这样愿意去尝试另外不同的道路,探索AGI的可能。

隔天,Meta又以一则投资交易引爆AI圈。

专注AI训练数据标注的Scale AI公司宣布获得Meta投资,即Meta将以约149亿美元收购公司49%的股权,Scale的创始人Alexandr Wang将加入Meta的“超级智能”新实验室,负责Meta的人工智能工作。

在2014年以190亿美元收购WhatsApp之后,这是Meta时隔十年的第二个大手笔投资。

Scale AI公司成立于2016年,由时年19岁的MIT辍学大学生Alexandr Wang在旧金山的Y Combinator创办,包括Open AI、谷歌、微软等科技企业都是其客户。

仅仅9年时间,Meta的新投资对Scale的估值超过290亿美元(约合人民币2000亿元)。Scale已离职的联合创始人、现年30岁的Lucy Guo持有公司5%的股份,因此成为世界上最年轻的白手起家的女亿万富豪。

AI的造富神话,震惊四方。我们看了一下,当天,A股市场上市值超过2000亿人民币的公司只有47家,美股市值超过290亿美元的公司也只有291家。

另一方面,从抢人、抢数据,到造模型、建生态,从Meta近期的一系列动作不难看出其重新整理AI版图的野心。自Llama 4发布以来平淡的反响来看,Meta所面临的压力不小。

想在AI赛道上突围,离不开在算力、人才以及数据等要素上的较量。这从来不是单靠砸钱就能胜出的领域,真正决定胜负的,仍是技术落地的速度、产品生态的质量。

在这一收购宣布的三天之前,Alex Wang 在播客《Shawn Ryan Show》的访谈中提到一个有意思的观点,“我们不是一个数据标注公司,而是一个AI数据工厂。”在他看来,市场上已经不缺好的模型,也不缺数据,但是

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

“苏超”作业怎么抄:“把体育娱乐、体育赛事的权利还给地方”

“我们寄望‘苏超’可以在日渐稳健的行进中走出更加完善的路径,塑造更加完备的体系,为人们通过身体活动谋求身心健全发展创出一片天,不要被过度行政化和商业化弄得变了味”

(本文首发于南方人物周刊)

南方人物周刊记者 徐梅

发自:北京

责任编辑:陈雅峰

高考结束,“苏超”归来,这个名为“2025年江苏省城市足球联赛”的朴素地方民间赛事,因为热梗频出,成为今夏传播的顶流。

 “苏超”的作业能不能抄?该怎么抄?皮球已经从江苏踢向了全国各地。

知名体育学者易剑东接受《南方人物周刊》专访时表示,“苏超”是一个积极的基层赛事组织创新,“我觉得其最大价值就是把体育娱乐、体育赛事的权利还给地方,体育作为高级的精神公共品,它积极的社会意义和价值是举世公认的。‘苏超’激发了老百姓的生活热情和生命活力,带动文旅消费热潮,是一个有益的创新。”

他不赞同各地盲目抄作业,尤其是经济欠发达地区。“江苏8500多万人口是现场观赛球迷人数居高不下的保障。江苏经济发展水平在全国位列第二(仅次于广东),人口数量全国第四(仅次于广东、山东、河南),人均GDP仅次于北京和上海。较富裕的大量人口保障了有时间和经费前往

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

给AI打工的人,迷失在数据标注里

21世纪经济报道

北京798附近的一家咖啡馆内,AI数据标注师廖仔在交谈中一再提到店里的咖啡机器人。

在这家占地近3000平米的咖啡馆内,不少咖啡师围绕着中央圆形岛台工作,但其中最引人瞩目的是一台人型机械臂的咖啡机器人。据说,该机器人的脸还是依据咖啡店主理人建模而成。

如果时间回到三四年前,廖仔想不到机器人可以冲咖啡,也想不到自己会进入AI赛道。

99年出生的他,专科学历,曾在深圳一家体制内单位工作,因为不想自己的人生就这样一辈子看到头,廖仔离职读了一个建筑设计相关的课程。后来,他又由设计师切入AI行业,最终成为了大厂的一名外包数据标注师。职业变化背后,廖仔的收入也水涨船高,月薪从一开始3K一路涨到了现在13K。

处在Gap期的苏打也曾试图进入这个行业。

985硕士毕业的她此前工作一直顺风顺水,但去年因为跟上司发生矛盾离职后,进入了漫长的职业空窗期。近半年来,苏打也想过转换赛道。当下火热的AI行业让她心动,数据标注师曾被她视为职业转型的方向之一。

但经过一次兼职后,苏打打消了这个念头。“这就是一个纯烧脑的体力劳动,看不到任何上升的空间。”她对「定焦One」说道。

作为人工智能训练师的一个工种,数据标注师2020年被正式纳入国家职业分类目录,但围绕这个职业前景的讨论却是冰火两重天。

一边是基础大模型高速扩张时期,大厂高薪与“AI红利”吸引而来的数以万计的求职者,全国各地甚至涌现了不少打着AI训练师旗号的培训班;另一边则是弥漫在从业者之中的不安和焦虑,很多人觉得自己是在为AI打零工,或者只是成为了大模型优化的一个耗材,既难以形成技术积累,也随时可能被AI所取代。

如今,随着大模型开发从“拼底层参数”转向“争场景落地”,这一工种的需求也在发生变化。标注岗位不再像过去那样“批量放量”,取而代之的是更垂直化的需求和更强的专业门槛。转型成功的廖仔,和抽身离开的苏打,正是这股AI浪潮下的两个典型注脚。

“拧螺丝”的三种姿势:数据标注师的隐秘分层

如果想要进入AI行业,数据标注或许是最没有门槛的一个岗位——在网络上随手就能找到一份兼职。

「定焦One」体验了一个众包平台的视频审核兼职项目,任务是为自动售货机做数据标注。正式上岗前,求职者先得进群进行一轮训练——为500条视频进行标注,且正确率在90%以上才算通过考核。正式接单后,以计件形式收费,每单费用在0.04元到0.1元浮动,标错还会扣钱。

每个计件视频长度大概十来秒,需要辨别出顾客从自动售货机中拿走的商品种类以及数量。任务看似简单,做起来却并不容易。很多饮品、零食的包装非常接近,加上夜晚光线干扰,极易误判。「定焦One」尝试标注了20条视频,用时25分钟,完全正确的只有14条。

群里负责培训的老师一再鼓励大家:一开始错误率高是正常的,后面会越来越熟练、正确率越来越高,熟练后每天最多可做3000条视频。

但做过类似兼职的人在社交媒体抱怨:真的做不了太久,眼睛受不了。在那个标记为11群的近200人大群内,不断地有人退出、加入,就像一条永不停歇的虚拟流水线。

苏打也在类似的一个微信群里。

前不久,她在招聘平台看到国内某个大厂发布的数据标注兼职岗位。专业不限、经验不限,唯一的门槛是学历——必须是985/211硕士及以上。

这份兼职是为大模型思考过程和输出结果进行打分。输出结果的正确与否、是否照顾到了用户的情绪、感受,以及思考过程是否符合逻辑且高效等等都需要纳入考量。

苏打通过筛选后,也被拉到了一个微信群。同样的,在正式接单之前,需要先进行培训和测试。

苏打收到了一份长达几十页的文件,详细介绍了各个打分维度和评判标准。根据这个打分体系,她需要先进行两到三轮的试标,达标后才可进行接单。通过测试后,在正式的标注过程中,也需保证正确率。如果正确率低于平均水平,便会失去标注资格,需要重新测试。

据苏打观察,她所在群里测试的通过率并不高。

“这份工作的难点是记忆、理解的成本特别高。在标注之前,你得先理解、记住他们的评价体系和打分标准。”更让苏打难受的是,这些标准并不是固定不变的。有时候,面对相似的问题和回答,她用相同的思考方式去打分,结果却截然相反。

就像是写没有标准答案的一张张试卷,无法通过自我努力或学习提升正确率,只能原地不停得打转、消耗自己的脑力和体力,最后获得的报酬微乎其微。苏打告诉「定焦One」,这份兼职也是按计件收费,标注一件的费用只有3-7元。

比苏打幸运一些,廖仔没有这些严苛的KPI和考核标准。

廖仔参与标注的是国内另外一家互联网大厂的外包项目。他领导着一个由10名标注师组成的小组。项目里,有好几个这样的组别,对该大厂的大模型进行评估、鉴定、指定标注规则。廖仔会对每天需要标注的任务进行分配,再告诉组员具体的规则和评判标准确保客观性。除数据标注之外,他还需跟算法团队、产品研发团队沟通,根据上下游反馈调整模型的评估和鉴定。

廖仔还是以咖啡机器人举例,如果要AI制作咖啡,那么就需告诉它整个链路,包括咖啡树如何种植、咖啡豆有哪些品类、分子结构如何、怎么研磨等等。通过每一步的数据标注,对它进行调校,然后再回归到模型,让它自主训练。

三种数据标注工作可以大致勾勒出这个职业背后的隐形分层:自动售货机标注,考验“体力+注意力”,靠重复和熟练提升效率;为大模型的思考过程和输出结果打分,要求较强的理解力和记忆力,像在答一道道没有标准答案的试卷;大模型评估,则在标注之外承担流程管理和沟通工作,具备一定自主性。

常有人将数据标注比做AI流水线上的“螺丝钉”。在廖仔看来,即便是拧螺丝钉,到他这一步,最起码清楚了用什么工具拧、怎么拧效率会更高。

尴尬的岗位:重要,但是廉价

站在产业链更上游的Jackson,能从更为完整的流水线上审视数据标注的意义。

Jackson是海外一所名校研究生毕业,现在在上海一家科技企业从事基础模型训练工作。他告诉「定焦One」,模型训练主要包含三个部分:预训练、监督微调和强化学习。

预训练所需的数据量动辄十几TB,主要来源于公开爬虫数据、模型合成数据、第三方采购数据或企业自有数据。这一阶段对人工标注的依赖较少。

数据标注师主要介入的,是后两个阶段。

微调阶段(Supervised Fine-Tuning,简称SFT)目标是让预训练后的通用语言模型适应特定任务或对话场景,使其输出更符合人类期望。简而言之,就是输入特定数据后,教会模型“如何回答”。

强化阶段(Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback,简称RLHF)的核心是利用人类偏好数据优化模型输出质量。

用再通俗一点的话解释,SFT是要写出一个答案让AI学习、模仿;而RLHF则是在AI给出几个答案后,帮助AI选择一个更符合人类偏好的答案。

廖仔大部分的工作都属于前者,很难量化;苏打的工作则是后者,可以计件考核。而像前文提到的自动售货机标注这类较为简单的数据收集工作,将很快被AI替代。

Jackson介绍,在微调和强化阶段都可以使用一些自动化手段,或是使用其他模型生成的数据,但其内容的多元性、正确性以及专业性可能不如人工标注的数据。就像DeepSeek生成的内容一眼就能看出来。

最好的效果肯定是全部人工标注,但(AI公司)老板们比起做个完美的模型,更在意成本能用模型合成一个次优版本,也是可以接受的。”

据Jackson估算,一次完整的微调和强化训练多则需要几十万条数据,而且模型还会更新迭代,数据的需求也会成倍累积。据他观察,目前国内的大模型团队有财力做人工数据标注的只有几家顶级大厂,其他团队大部分都是用别人的模型生成数据。

根据公开资料,字节跳动在AI上的投入仅2024年就达到了800亿,2025年这一数字还要翻番到1600亿。今年2月,阿里巴巴集团CEO吴泳铭宣布,未来三年,阿里将投入超3800亿元用于建设云和AI硬件基础设施。

但即便是这些头部玩家,也必须在各环节精打细算。数据标注作为成本可控的一环,被大厂选择以外包、众包的形式进行,成为常态。

苏打每天兼职的工作量大概在3-4个小时,她计算了一下时薪,也就30-60块之间。苏打说,这三四个小时必须全神贯注,一点水分也挤不出。这样的一个付出和回报,如果不是对这个行业感兴趣真的很难坚持下来。

但苏打所在的微信群每天还在不断进人。“你不干,有的是人肯干,价格自然上不去。”

问题的本质不在于数据标注不重要,而在于这类工作缺乏技术壁垒。大模型的生成、优化是一个非常精细化的过程。每一条数据就好像是布玩偶身上的一个针脚、斑马身上的一根毛发,很难辨析出其对于整体的意义。在这条流水线上,标注师很难积累出个人能力上的“独占优势”,非常容易被替代。

没有壁垒,就难有议价能力。

从招聘网站公开信息来看,兼职数据标注师日薪多在120-500元之间,外包岗位月薪大部分在9-17K之间。几家大厂的正式岗位,月薪则在15-25K之间。相对技术岗和算法岗,这样的薪资水平并不算高。

被自己训练的AI替代:谁能突破金字塔?

因为没有成长性,苏打最终放弃了兼职,也不打算再投任何数据标注相关的岗位。为此,她还专门咨询了一位从事AI数据标注多年的朋友。

这位朋友在大模型爆火之前,便加入了国内的一家大模型团队,后来又跳槽去了另外一家大厂。朝阳行业、高薪岗位,很多人羡慕她踩中了风口,但她劝苏打慎重投递这个岗位。因为数据标注师职业发展空间有限,很难跳进AI产业真正的核心环节。

Jackson也持类似的观点。

他用金字塔形容当前AI从业者的阶梯式分布:塔底是标注,腰部是应用,再往上是做微调和后训练,塔尖才是基础模型设计和预训练。“现在基本上是背景决定一切,很难从塔底一层层向上突破。”

所谓的背景是指学历和学术背景。譬如,很多岗位,学历就是一个硬性门槛。Jackson分析,应用层面需要本科学历,微调和后训练阶段硕士起步,基础模型基本上都是博士。

就拿他所在的算法岗来说,找工作要看学历、实习、比赛、论文若干个维度。AI圈尤其重视学术背景。如果没有过硬的论文,即便是排名还不错的学校毕业,也很难进入大厂的AI团队。

“站在金子塔尖的,大部分是顶级学校的博士,还需要发很多论文的那种。”他总结。

与此同时,标注师们训练出来的模型本身,在悄然和标注师展开竞争。会不会被AI取代,成为悬在标注师们头上的达摩克利斯之剑。

Jackson指出,在一些成熟的文本模型中,模型合成的数据已经替代了80%的人工标注。这背后的逻辑是,模型不强时,对标注的需求就大;标注多了模型能力变强了,AI就会在这个任务或者这个领域把标注师替代了。

在海外的一些高科技企业,这样的情况已经发生。

据彭博社报道,苹果公司于2024年1月关闭了一个与Siri人工智能业务相关的团队。他们原本负责对用户与Siri交互时产生的数据进行监听分析、标注和理解用户需求。同样因为自动标注能力大幅改善,2022年6月,特斯拉裁撤了200名为其标注视频以改进辅助系统的美国员工。

另一方面,大厂战略的变化,也影响着数据标注师的职业前景。

2023年初,基础大模型是所有科技巨头竞相投入的战场,百度、字节、阿里、腾讯等大厂商高调押注自研大模型,数据标注一度成为不可或缺的基础岗位。

但进入2024年,这场竞赛明显降温。多家大厂陆续调整重心,开始从“造更大参数的模型”,转向“让模型真正落地”。

这一转向,也直接影响到数据标注这一基础工种的岗位供给与预算安排。于是,用于支持基础大模型训练的数据标注需求可能被压缩。未来企业需要的将不再是成千上万“能标数据的人”,而是“懂业务、懂模型的人”。

当然,需求并未完全消失。一方面,Jackson解释,随着AI技术的发展、大模型进一步落地将会产生大量的应用场景。每当有新的场景出现,就需要找人标注数据。数据标注的需求仍将长期、大量存在。另一方面,根据清华大学发布的《智能数据产业发展观察报告》,2024年数据标注产业有用工需求的企业从2023年的457家升至1195家。另据IDC数据测算,2025年中国人工智能基础数据服务市场规模将突破120亿元,2019-2025年年均复合增长率(CAGR)约为47%。

只不过,这些增长更多属于“横向增量”——也就是新场景带来的数据标注需求扩容,而非“标注师”作为工种本身的上升通道被打开。对绝大多数从业者而言,他们所做的,依然是为流水线打工。

已经被AI“抢”过一次饭碗的廖仔对自己的职业未来充满信心。

在来北京之前,廖仔在上海的一家设计公司做了两年设计师。那时候,AI对于设计行业的冲击已经开始,廖仔所在的公司也不得不向AI转型,决定做一个客服类大模型。他主动请缨参与其中,这个AI项目为他打开了新世界大门。

后来,他从公司离职,对AI进行了更为系统的学习。今年春节后,他入职了现在的公司。每天下班不管多晚,廖仔都会学习两个小时AI相关的内容,他还开了一个小红书账号“炸毛疯兔”,记录AI心得。

“凡事发生,皆有利于我。”在交流时,廖仔一再引用这句话。

咖啡店的工作人员时不时会送来一些新品试吃,服务细致妥帖。而引人注目的咖啡机器人一下午并没有冲调一杯咖啡。最起码现阶段,机器人对这家咖啡馆而言,更多是一个装饰品。尽管未来不可控,但人的主动性始终是关键。

题图及文中配图来源于pexels。文中廖仔、苏打、Jackson皆为化名。

用10元撬动3个亿!“苏超”如何用小票价踢出大生意?

21世纪经济报道

场上对抗拉满,场下玩梗不断,“苏超”用5—10元的低价门票,为全省“踢”出超3亿元真金白银,平均每城增收超2000万元!

A股“苏超概念股”同样上演“进球盛宴”。《21财料》观察发现,5月29日—6月13日,ST联合(600358.SH)、共创草坪(605099.SH)、金陵体育(300651.SZ)分别涨停10天、7天、5天,其中金陵体育(300651.SZ)涨幅高达148.19%。总冠名商江苏银行更“躺赢”出圈,6月12日股价创历史新高并跻身中国A50指数。

“苏超”赢了,江苏文旅赢麻了!二手门票炒至600元、场均观众达8798人、足球产品销量暴涨80%、端午旅游订单增长近一成……这场草根赛事如何完成从“看台”到“柜台”的精准射门?“苏超”爆火,到底做对了什么?本期《21财料》为你解码!

国家统计局:5月份国民经济运行总体平稳,稳中有进

央视新闻

今天(6月16日)上午10时,国务院新闻办召开新闻发布会,国家统计局介绍了5月份国民经济运行情况。相关负责人表示,随着我国加紧实施更加积极有为的宏观政策,5月份,国民经济顶住压力平稳运行,生产需求稳定增长,就业形势总体稳定,新动能成长壮大,高质量发展向优向新。

数据显示,工业生产平稳增长,装备制造业和高技术制造业增长较快。5月份,全国规模以上工业增加值同比增长5.8%,环比增长0.61%。

服务业增长加快,现代服务业增势良好。5月份,全国服务业生产指数同比增长6.2%,比上月加快0.2个百分点。

市场销售明显回升,以旧换新相关商品快速增长。5月份,社会消费品零售总额41326亿元,同比增长6.4%,比上月加快1.3个百分点;消费品以旧换新政策持续显效,限额以上单位家用电器和音像器材类、通讯器材类、文化办公用品类、家具类商品零售额分别增长53.0%、33.0%、30.5%、25.6%。

固定资产投资继续扩大,制造业投资增长较快。1—5月份,全国固定资产投资(不含农户)191947亿元,同比增长3.7%;

总的来看,5月份,随着政策组合效应持续释放,稳经济促发展效果显现,国民经济保持总体平稳、稳中有进发展态势,充分展现了我国经济的韧性和活力。

最新统计出炉:幼儿园一年关掉2万所,民办校少了1.5万所

南方都市报

6月11日,记者从教育部获悉,《2024年全国教育事业发展统计公报》发布。公报显示,2024年,全国共有各级各类学校47.00万所,其中,幼儿园25.33万所、民办校15.28万所,延续了续2023年以来的万余所降幅。特殊教育学校及在教学生数量则保持了近年来的上升走势,国内特殊教育覆盖面进一步攀升。

南都记者观察到,在学前教育领域,少子化的冲击正持续显现。公报显示,2024年全国共有幼儿园25.33万所,其中普惠性幼儿园22.10万所,占全国幼儿园的87.26%。全国共有学前教育在园幼儿3583.99万人,学前教育毛入园率92.00%。

相较2023年统计公报中27.44万所幼儿园、4092.98万的在园幼儿数,2024年全国幼儿园数量同比减少了2万多所,在园儿童数量减少了500多万。而其中对应的普惠性幼儿园数量,也由2023年的23.64万所减少至22.10万所,超1.5万所的降幅更是远高于此前一年9301所的锐减数量。

2016年全面二孩政策带来的1786万新生儿,曾是民办教育资本眼中的"金矿"。但此后出生人口七连跌,2023年、2024年中国全年出生人口分别为902万、954万。有数据预测,2025年出生人口可能在800万至850万之间,并将在800万以下的规模下持续存在多年。值得注意的是,少子化的冲击,也正为民办教育的未来蒙上了一层厚重的阴影。

从数据看,民办教育整体数据近年来持续在走下坡路。公报显示,2024年,全国共有各级各类民办学校15.28万所,占全国各级各类学校总数的比例为32.52%。相比上年的16.72万所,减少了近1.5万所,降幅超过了2023年的1.1万余所。

同时,2024年民办学校在校生4621.59万人,占全国各级各类在校生总数的比例为16.13%。民办高校803所,占全国高校总数的比例为25.75%。相比2023年在校生4939.53万人的数据,减少了超300万人,延续了上年减幅343.19万人的趋势。其占全国各级各类在校生总数的比例,也相较上年降低了0.83%。

这背后的原因,毋庸置疑直接指向人口出生总量和生育率的下降。有民办教育人士向南都记者分析称,在少子化持续冲击下,适龄生源池的持续收缩,民办教育的下半场将不再是跑马圈地的狂欢,而是精耕细作的耐力赛。那些提前储备现金流、构建特色壁垒、完成数字化转型的学校,或许能在寒冬里找到新的春天。

与此同时,公报显示,2024年全国共有特殊教育学校2396所,在上年度2345所的基础上增加51所,延续了继2023年以来的上涨趋势;全国共招收各种形式的特殊教育学生15.82万人,在校生91.59万人。相比上年招收15.50万人、在校生91.20万人的数据,2024年度特殊教育覆盖面和保障人数进一步攀升。

特朗普和马斯克翻脸了,但又离不开对方

双方吵也吵了,分也分了,但目前看来,还暂时没法彻底互相隔离

(本文首发于南方人物周刊)

南方人物周刊特约撰稿 陶短房

责任编辑:李屾淼

2025年5月30日,华盛顿,美国总统特朗普(右)在白宫举行新闻发布会“欢送”政府效率部领导人马斯克(视觉中国/图)

2025年6月5日以来,美国总统特朗普和世界首富马斯克这一对曾经的“好搭档”突然宛如斗气孩童般公开对撕。

这距离两人的“蜜月期”还不到一年。特朗普时隔四年重新入主白宫,马斯克为之台前幕后奔走,俨然从龙头功,一度成为美国“钱权通吃”的头部人物。马斯克对特朗普不吝溢美之词,特朗普也将马斯克称作“最好的朋友”,甚至还在特斯拉股票大跌之际自费购入特斯拉汽车,为马斯克的企业站台。

两人的善变众所周知,“天下无不散之筵席”也是常理,政坛盟友之间更是不讲私情,只问利益,但他们这桌筵席散得未免太早太快了些。

大选期间,马斯克不仅竭力为特朗普鼓呼,更在关键的摇摆州为后者助选,豪掷2.88亿美元。就任总统后,特朗普任命无从政经验的马斯克为“政府效率部长”(DOGE),支持其对诸多关键部门、领域进行大刀阔斧的改革和整顿。马斯克的“部长”仅任职129天即虎头蛇尾匆匆卸任,卸任后不到10天,互称“永远朋友”的二人就彻底撕破脸皮,不由得让人感叹。

2025年4月5日,示威者在华盛顿国家广场举行抗议活动,反对特朗普及其顾问马斯克(视觉中国/图)

分久必合,合久必分

曾经,马斯克与大多数硅谷同行一样,在美国政治光谱中属于“中立、略偏民主党”的群体。他大方承认自己在2016年的总统大选把票投中给了特朗普的对手希拉里·克林顿,2020年又投给其另一个对手拜登。2021年,他表示“宁愿远离政治”,不会投票给任何政党候选人。甚至,直到2024年年初,他仍然称自己在政治上“不结盟”,暗示不会向任何一党提供总统竞选政治捐款。

2024年7月13日,特朗普在宾夕法尼亚州参加总统大选竞选集会时,遭到枪击负伤。这成为马斯克对特朗普态度转变的分水岭。

人们发现,马斯克早在2020年就开始在维持(后来他在2022年10月收购推特并改名X)上与特朗普的铁杆粉群体频繁互动。刺杀事件后,他不但捐钱、提供造势平台(他的X平台成

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

伊朗再次向以色列发射导弹,以称正努力拦截

央视新闻

伊朗法尔斯通讯社公布的导弹发射画面

总台记者从伊朗方面获悉,当地时间16日凌晨,伊朗向以色列发射导弹。

以色列国防军当地时间16日凌晨发表声明称,确认最近有导弹从伊朗向以色列发射,以方防御系统正在努力拦截威胁。以色列多地拉响防空警报。

当天早些时候,以色列本土守备司令部发布指示,要求该国居民继续留在防空设施附近,减少在公共区域活动、避免聚集,并在收到警报时立即进入防空设施躲避,直至新的正式通知发布。

13日凌晨以来,以色列持续大规模空袭伊朗,轰炸核设施和军事目标,造成大量人员伤亡。伊朗当晚动用弹道导弹、无人机发起反击。此后,双方持续相互空袭。

印度空难客机两个黑匣子均已找到

央视新闻

印度总理首席秘书米什拉15日晚发表声明说,印度航空公司失事客机的两个黑匣子均已找到。

据《印度斯坦时报》报道,最新发现的黑匣子为驾驶舱语音记录器,先前发现的为飞行数据记录器。印度航空部长奈杜此前曾表示,失事客机第一个黑匣子13日被找到,将在三个月内公布坠机事故调查报告。

另据《印度教徒报》报道,下载和分析黑匣子数据可能需要四到五天,目前已有多家国际调查机构抵达事发地协助印方调查。

当地时间12日下午,一架从印度飞往英国的印度航空公司波音787-8型客机在印度古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德机场起飞后不久坠毁。据印度媒体14日报道,坠机事故遇难人数已升至274人,其中有33名地面人员。

三联生活周刊|遭遇“恶魔医生”刘翔峰的患者

王有志后来才明白,自己2014年手术时患的是血管瘤,医生却把他当成肝癌治疗,通过手术切除了他的胆囊,并在身体中安装了化疗泵。他还记得当时从中南大学湘雅二医院(以下简称“湘雅二院”)普外科的手术室出来,看到手术记录单上写着“轻度异型,未见恶性肿瘤”,始终觉得“不对路”。

八年间,这位来自湖南浏阳的农民默默吞下苦果——他前后花费了二十余万治疗费,被鉴定为九级伤残,拖着羸弱的身体打工还债,直到2022年在网络上看到关于当时的医生刘翔峰违规医疗的举报,王有志才决定起诉。司法鉴定结果显示,湘雅二院对王有志的伤残负有完全责任。根据今年1月的判决,医院应赔偿他57万余元的损失和2万元的精神抚慰金。

他不是唯一的受害者。2024年10月31日,长沙市中级人民法院一审公开宣判,刘翔峰构成故意伤害罪、受贿罪、职务侵占罪等,数罪并罚,决定执行有期徒刑十七年,并处罚金四十二万元。法院经审理查明:被告人刘翔峰在湘雅二医院工作期间,为牟取额外手术费用,单独或伙同被告人罗原灯夸大患者病情、虚构患者病征,给6名不具备相关手术指征的患者实施手术,致5人重伤、九级伤残,1人轻伤;利用职务便利,在引进医药产品上为他人提供帮助,收受贿赂66万余元;利用主持或参与手术的工作便利,收受医药产品销售人员回扣358万余元,非法侵占价值193万余元的手术耗材。

在近期引起全网关注的湘雅二院规培医生罗帅宇之死背后,这位“恶魔医生”刘翔峰的犯下的罪行再次被看见。

记者|夏杰艺

file

CDT 档案卡
标题:遭遇“恶魔医生”刘翔峰的患者
作者:三联生活周刊
发表日期:2025.6.16
来源:微信公众号“三联生活周刊”
主题归类:刘翔峰
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

突然改变的手术方案

2014年10月,45岁的王有志在一场常规体检中检查出“肝占位”,他很紧张,立即拜托亲戚帮他去中南大学湘雅二院挂了10月27号的门诊。在他心里,湘雅二院是湖南最好的医院,“有什么疑难杂症都能解决”。王有志的病历显示,当天的接诊人是普外科的主任医师刘国利。王有志记得刘国利当时立即安排他做了腹部CT和抽血化验,看完检查结果后,“他(刘国利)语气很着急,说我可能患有肝癌,是恶性肿瘤,需要立即手术。我印象很深刻,有一个下属问他检查结果怎么样,他就说了一个字,‘做!’”

科室病床紧张,但是医生还是想办法给王有志在走廊上加了一张病床,让他第二天就住进医院准备动手术。在本刊看到的手术前讨论记录单上,他的术前诊断是“肝占位性病变性质待定”,手术名称是“肝肿块切除术”,计划先切开腹腔探查,再根据探查情况决定手术方式。参与手术的将包括三位医生,手术人为“刘国利”,一助“刘翔峰”,二助是另一位医生。刘国利曾在接受媒体采访时否认参与此次手术,“问刘翔峰,是他做的。”他解释,自己只是作为科室负责医生在上面签字。“根据医院的规矩,(科室)所有的手术都是我的名字排在第一。

image
王有志的手术前讨论记录单

10月30日,全麻的王有志被送入手术室,期间刘翔峰焦急地走出来,拿着一张字迹潦草的手术单让他妻子签字,“她也看不懂,但医生说得很可怕,意思现在要更改治疗方案,要她签字,不改的话,她可能就要当寡妇了。”最后,王有志没有进行原定的肝肿块切除手术,而是被切除了胆囊,并在身体里安装了化疗泵。

从手术室出来后,王有志身体里多了一个异物,他感觉做什么都不舒服,吃也吃不下,睡也睡不好,整个人猛地消瘦许多,“熟人见到都说变了一个人”。但手术后的病历上却写着“轻度异型,未见恶性肿瘤”,王有志觉得奇怪,那为什么要安装化疗泵?但管床医生刘翔峰坚持,他的病大概率是癌症,“只能活十年了”,这就是正确的手术方案。而且王有志记得,刘翔峰说化疗泵随时都可以取出来,“只需要一个很轻松的小手术”。

image
王有志的手术记录单

他的管床医生刘翔峰当时40岁,毕业于中南大学湘雅医学院,获外科学博士学位,长期从事肝胆胰外科临床工作,那时候是主治医生,“个子很高,看上去很能干、有才华的一个高材生,说话做事比较自信。”

这次手术花费了7万多元,手术后按刘翔峰的要求,王有志每月都要去一趟湘雅二院复查、做化疗,后续的三次化疗,又花费了14000多元。王有志记得,有一次去化疗,自己催促了一下刘翔峰,他的反应是笑着的,用益阳口音回答道,“我要吃饭啊,我不吃饭怎么给你们治病”,给人的印象很亲切。复查的时候,刘翔峰还语气欣慰地告诉王有志,他的病情“稳住了”,“肝脏没有继续胀大”。

img
中南大学湘雅二医院

王有志来自湖南浏阳周边农村,平时在鞭炮厂打工,每个月收入才两千元左右,做手术前他刚刚盖完房子,家中积蓄耗尽,手术费是找亲戚朋友东拼西凑的,还借了农村信用社的贷款,欠了几万外债。手术后,王有志身体虚弱,没法出去工作,妻子独自承担养家还债的重担,还要照顾生病的他和上学的孩子。2015年初,他和妻子商量后决定放弃治疗,向刘翔峰提出想取出化疗泵,但刘翔峰的反应与之前相矛盾,“他说最好不要取,如果出了什么事情,我自己负全责。”

起诉

停止化疗后,王有志一直在吃中药,也去多家医院问过诊,期间有医生提出,“肝占位有七八成是血管瘤(造成的)”,王有志还不太敢相信,“我打过一次电话给刘翔峰,他说,‘老张,你百分之一百不是血管瘤’。”

2016年4月,王有志在朋友的推荐下来到湖南省人民医院,该院肝脏一外科的医生告诉他,他大概率患的是血管瘤,建议切除部分右肝,取出化疗泵。这一次住院治疗花费近6万元,术后,湖南省人民医院将标本送病检,右肝后叶病理诊断显示确实是“海绵状血管瘤”,而其余肝组织内“灶肝细胞增生、浊肿、空泡变性及淤胆;部分汇管区纤维组织及小胆管增生,炎症细胞浸润。”

清晰的病理诊断让王有志意识到,湘雅二院第一次的诊疗可能存在问题,但当时他并没有试图要个解释,觉得可能只是误诊,“人家医生为什么要害我呢?”术后不久,刘翔峰曾打电话过来问他是否取了化疗泵,“我说取了,他什么都没说,就把电话挂了。”

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《我不是药神》剧照

两次手术后,王有志的身体状态更加糟糕了,他一米七的个子,体重跌到了110斤以下,“免疫力下降,动不动就生病,药没停过,精神上受了很大的打击。”他只能断断续续地打工,家庭收入锐减,而手术欠下的外债一直没还清。与此同时,刘翔峰却一路高升——2016年晋升为中南大学湘雅二医院副主任医师,2018年赴美研修消化道肿瘤分子生物学及基因检测,参与5项国家级或省级科研项目,还担任过湖南省创伤急救医学中心副主任。

一直到2022年,在距离最初手术8年后,王有志才意识到手术可能真的出了问题。2022年8月14日,有网民在网上投诉,湘雅二院医生刘翔峰医疗作风有严重问题。网帖称,刘翔峰频繁对病人进行高额治疗、对急诊病人进行机器人手术;发现病人有异物倾向的,刘翔峰通常都按肿瘤先开化疗,对肠梗阻手术也进行得较为随意。数天后,中南大学湘雅二医院对外发布,医院已成立调查组,并于8月16日停止刘翔峰工作以配合调查,已免去刘翔峰湖南省创伤急救中心副主任职务,停止其处方权及手术权限。2022年8月25日,刘翔峰因涉嫌严重违法,接受长沙市监察委员会监察调查。

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刘翔峰案一审宣判 (图源 :央视新闻)

“我之前埋在心中的怀疑,一下子爆发了。”王有志说,他想起诉湘雅二院为自己讨个说法,但咨询了律师之后发现诉讼费用不菲,就打了退堂鼓,后来是家里亲戚主动鼓励他,并拿出钱垫付了前期的律师费,他才下定了决心。

刘大华是王有志的代理律师,经手过数十起医疗纠纷类诉讼,但看了王有志提供的材料后,他依然觉得惊讶,“明目张胆地、肆无忌惮地乱来,甚至都没有去修改病历,他们都懒得掩盖。”

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本案司法鉴定书中的鉴定意见

湖南省长沙市芙蓉区人民法院委托西南政法大学司法鉴定中心对此案中的医疗行为进行鉴定,根据鉴定中心2024年4月12日出具的报告,王有志属于九级伤残,而湘雅二院负有完全责任——手术前期,医方未做进一步相关检查以确定肝占位病变性质,治疗方案的选择缺乏依据;在术中未诊断肝癌的情况下,医方仍对患者实施了“抗肿瘤治疗+门静脉化疗泵埋置,且切除胆囊”,治疗方案选择错误;在此情况下,术后医方仍继续对患者进行了三次化学药物治疗,存在过错。

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湖南省长沙市芙蓉区人民法院的一审判决书内容

2025年1月,王有志打赢了这场医疗纠纷的官司,据湖南省长沙市芙蓉区人民法院的一审判决书,被告中南大学湘雅二医院应依法赔偿王有志因诊疗行为产生的全部损失57万余元,及精神损害抚慰金2万元。在接受本刊采访时,王有志说,每次回忆这个事情,他都觉得特别痛苦,当手术后知道自己治愈遥遥无期,生命面临倒数时,他很害怕妻子会抛下一切离开,“但最后我们还是坚持下来了”。讲到这里,王有志的喉咙像被堵住了,几乎发不出声音。王有志想不通,为什么医生要这样对他。

(为保护患者隐私,文中王有志为化名)

地球公民金建国|什么样的通报才能让人信服?

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不得不说,罗S宇事件的通报写得真烂。

尽管与以往的惜字如金相比,这次的篇幅竟长到需要下滑好几次屏幕才能读完,且看起来内容详实、面面俱到——走访做了、调查做了、鉴定也做了。但结果还是一样,没人信。

这不仅仅是因为网上流传的诸多疑点没能得到解答,更大的原因在于,这种蓝底白字的通报形式,在置信度上天生存在劣势,哪怕它能与事件本身前后呼应、且逻辑自洽。

为什么这么说?因为我看过不少置信度高的案情通报,这样的通报我们一般称它为调查报告。

很多人应该还记得,在2020年,美国发生过一起轰动全球的悲剧事件:非洲裔男子弗洛伊德因被怀疑使用假钞,遭到白人警察膝压超过9分钟,当场失去意识,最终身亡。

该事件引发的舆情风暴席卷了整个美国,最终经过三年的调查,美国司法部发布了一份长达89页的调查报告。

CDT 档案卡
标题:什么样的通报才能让人信服?
作者:drpei
发表日期:2025.6.16
来源:微信公众号“地球公民金建国”
主题归类:罗帅宇坠楼事件
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

之所以查了这么久、报告这么长,是因为这不仅仅是一份关于“警察误杀事件”的通报,而是要回应美国社会对于根本性问题的关切。

从报告中可以看出,调查方的证据非常扎实,有海量的视频证据、文件证据、数据统计证据以及口头证词,还有相关专家建立模型对这些证据进行科学评估。另外,许多媒体和学术组织也对这些证据进行了独立验证。

不仅如此,具体的调查方法亦会说明,比如在视频鉴定中,调查者是谁、鉴定方是谁、公证方是谁、采用什么鉴定手段等。再比如在走访调查中,采访者身份、被访者身份、采访形式、是否记录、如何记录、是否备份等都会一一写明。

有这样的调查报告,得出的结论自然不会是“弗洛伊德违法,警察执法过度,责令赔偿整改”这么简单了,而是明尼阿波利斯警察局存在系统性的过度使用武力、种族歧视性执法、侵犯第一修正案、对心理或行为障碍者的歧视性执法、问责机制失效等。

说完了弗洛伊德事件的调查报告,我们回过头看罗S宇事件的通报,我认为有9点证明其置信度低的理由。

1.调查组是由胡楠卫健委、中楠大学、长沙龚安菊组成,而被调查对象湘雅二医院恰好隶属中楠大学,主管部门就是胡楠卫健委,这不是既当运动员又当裁判员吗?光这一点就足以对其可信度打上一个大大的问号。

2.整篇通报下来,未见援引任何法律条文或赋权机制,究竟是依据的哪部法律成立的调查组?为何由卫生部门牵头?依据什么法条核查举报和认定死因?文件授权、上级批准等信息统统没说,只有“高度重视”“全面核查”“依法”。

3.全是结论性语句,缺乏调查细节。比如罗S宇的尸体落地为什么会发生反弹,原理与依据是什么?有没有专家参与论证?再比如在高坠点开展侦查实验,实验方法、过程是怎样的?再比如调查访问相关人员,调查启动时间、被访者时间段安排是怎样的?是否同步记录、是否保留材料副本、是否允许律师或家属参与、是否设有监督机制?这类没有任何细节说明的例子在通报中比比皆是,以至于没有可供外部检视的时序性和取证路径,大众只能接受结论,无法检验过程。

4.通报中多次提到声纹鉴定、音频核对以及电脑数据备份,用的都是“经鉴定、经核对、经检索”,却只字未提鉴定由哪家司法鉴定机构完成、是否有声纹数据库佐证,也未说明举报材料的提取方式、技术软件、时间点以及笔记本镜像有没有经公证人或外部律师验证。这导致报告中的关键证据看起来几乎是完全封闭的,既不公开也没有第三方审查,存在重大可验证性漏洞。搞半天,调查者是你,证据处理者是你,结论发布者还是你。

5.表面上看这则通报内容详实、面面俱到,从尸体落点到房间勘察,再从走访询问到音频鉴定,然而证据虽多,却十分杂乱,与其说它是通报,不如说是堆积式的披露,因为它光有证据堆叠却无事实分析。信息过载的同时却没有清晰的动因—行为—路径—结果的逻辑链,这进一步降低了通报的可信度。

6.这份通报最大的槽点就是刻意回避了公众最关切的问题,即医院的制度性腐败与结构性风险。通报只说管理不规范、责令整改,但未说明是否存在隐瞒工资、逃避监督、洗钱、财务空转等问题,也未审查管理不规范是否由系统性漏洞引起,以及罗S宇的死与腐败的医疗环境有没有关系。在公众对医疗系统逐渐失去信任的当下,这样的问题一笔带过,怎能让人信服?

7.有位网友说:“虽然我不擅长文本分析,一时间看不出什么漏洞,但这份通报给我的第一感觉就是不舒服。”为什么他会觉得不舒服?

第一是因为这篇通报在提到罗S宇时,强调说他成绩不好、情绪消极,给人一种“他就是因此自杀的,跟我们无关”的印象,却对自身责任闭口不提。

第二是在提到罗S宇的父母时,强调说他们提出了不合理的巨额赔偿、拒绝沟通、反复申请刑事复议,给人一种家属不懂事、无理取闹的印象,忽视了家属对调查失去信任的可能性。

第三,整篇通报经常出现“合理”“合法”“正常”等正向词汇,还有“不存在违法违规”“转换文字材料存在错误”“签名捺印真实有效”等肯定语气,看似专业,却暗藏着强化“自身无责”的逻辑,有种洗白文的既视感。

一份可信的通报,是为了回应民众关切的,理应传达“我们意识到问题严重性、愿意反思并推动改变”的情绪态度,而不是“我们很专业,一切都是因为你们不懂、你们误会、你们夸大”。

这种冷漠、充满技术性与防御性,缺乏对悲剧的同理与反思、毫无责任语言与换位思考的通报,与其说是通报,不如说是法院驳回起诉裁定书。连最基本的态度诚恳都做不到,怎能让人信服其内容呢?

8.通报虽说“科室在绩效分配中存在管理不规范问题,已责令医院整改,并对涉事科室主任、护士长等4人进行了严肃问责”,但却未公开说明如何整改、怎样问责。而且既已发现绩效流转经由研究生账户一事,通告是否应该说明有没有建立防止机制?有没有审计建议?后续的监督由谁落实?头疼医头脚疼医脚,这种“个案结案”式的整改与问责方式,不被信任是应该的。

9.目前所有的证据处理都由调查组独立完成,通报没有说明这些证据日后是否会公开,什么时候公开,媒体、组织与个人是否可以申请查看,能否参与数据比对。就目前这种“调查组—公众”的单向发布结构而言,缺乏“证据共享—公众复查—媒体校验”的完整循环,因此可信度大打折扣。

以上就是我认为的,为什么这篇通报无法让人信服的原因。反过来,也可以当作是如何写一篇让人信服的通报的简要指南。

老实说,在国内为这种事件写调查报告确实挺难的,若要实事求是,就不得不直面某些敏感话题。说瞎话吧,又容易漏洞百出,毕竟越是细节,越易于验证。那就只好退而求其次了,放弃调查报告,转为通告形式,前者是解释,容许反驳质疑,而后者则是告知,好好听着就行了。

极昼工作室|美国订单“复活”后,一家义乌工厂抢工90天

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每年四五月份,是义乌圣诞工厂最忙的时候。这里是全球圣诞装饰品的核心生产基地,美国约87%的相关商品依赖中国供应,义乌是主要供货地。大部分工厂在开年接单,随着夏季结束,完成出货。

今年受中美关税波动影响,美国订单停滞后又突然复苏,跟义乌多数圣诞工厂一样,郭夏冰的厂子一直在和订单赛跑。无论她还是客人,都想赶在暂停高额关税的90天窗口期内,也就是5月到8月之间,把货运上船只。

CDT 档案卡
标题:美国订单“复活”后,一家义乌工厂抢工90天
作者:极昼工作室
发表日期:2025.6.16
来源:微信公众号“极昼工作室”
主题归类:中美贸易战
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

视频、图丨吕萌

文丨魏荣欢

剪辑丨沙子涵

编辑丨陶若谷

美国客户回来,对郭夏冰的圣诞树工厂来说,烦恼并未消失。

工人跑了。绑枝工一下少了五六个,就在5月12日中美同意暂停高额关税之后的一周。之前因厂子停工转来她这里的工人,现在美国订单复产,又回到了原厂。这直接影响了郭夏冰的生产效率。她加紧发布招工信息,自己也加入工人,给圣诞树挂标签,耳朵上还夹着电话对接业务。

穿过新鲜塑料热熔气味的车间,郭夏冰发现,绑枝的地方堆满待处理的树叶,送叶子的工人需要绕道走。

20多年的车间生产经验令她立马警觉,前一道工序的拉草工很可能也会跑——枝没绑完,叶子就不需要那么多,不用加班了,工钱直接受影响,毕竟他们是按件计费——这素来是工人离职换厂的主要原因。

这时候,工人更是厂商争夺的资源。

郭夏冰的厂里有140多名员工,暑假赶单会临时增加二十个。圣诞树在二楼“生出”叶子和枝条,到三楼完成组装和装饰。熟练的工人能让流程更快、更顺畅。

四月底吸纳的那批工人里,就有不少熟手,还有一位优秀的管理者,这在以前是少见的。可刚待没几天,美国订单恢复,之前停产的工厂要拼命赶,郭夏冰新招的人走了一半,老员工也被优厚待遇吸引过去,有同行放话,“每人补贴1000块”。郭夏冰的高兴也就持续了几天。

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●郭夏冰在街头贴招聘广告。

image●流水线上,女工在埋头制作圣诞树枝。
郭夏冰六年前从装饰品转行加入,一直为美国订单占比不高而头疼。

美国订单在义乌是香饽饽。她接触的美国客户,单个订单额几乎都在300万人民币以上,圣诞树的叶子密,配灯多,属于豪华型,且回款稳定。而她接的大量订单,细碎分散在欧洲、亚洲,这在工人眼里也是劣势。

品类不同意味着降低劳动效率,圣诞树一会要尖头树枝,一会要圆头树枝,颜色一会绿色一会白色,出活儿少,影响工钱。曾有工人因此拒绝用工邀请,“一直招不到很好的拉草工,就是因为嫌弃我们单子太散了。”郭夏冰说。

但正因为如此,前阵美国关税猛增,她的工厂一直没停工。内部会议上,她告诉销售员:“手上的每一个不是美国的客户都非常珍贵,都是大家要争夺的目标”。

郭夏冰的厂子共六层,平均每天生产2000棵圣诞树,一棵圣诞树的售价在80到200元不等。据她介绍,这在义乌算是中型,规模更大的还有十来家。

如今美国订单突然恢复,一些美国客户又找上门,而咨询了生产周期后,发现来不及,单子又取消了。

一个谨慎的客户把订单拆分成两个,和郭夏冰商议,一部分在6月底之前交货,剩下的等到“90天”(暂停高额关税的窗口期)后,根据关税最新动向再定。有三个她很重视的美国商超,迟迟没来洽谈,正在忙着处理那些滞留在港口或待出港的家具家电。此刻,圣诞节有没有圣诞树已经没那么要紧了。

其他国家的客户也提出把交付日期提前,担心自己的货被压住。过去一个月,郭夏冰从没如此忙乱过。

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●一位植绒工人在检查圣诞树枝。

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●女工将圣诞树枝舒展成型。

此前一段时间美国的订单暂停和减少,加上庞大的库存和运转压力,不少美线生产厂家开始盯上其他国家的市场。缺单的厂商甚至涌到了以往并不待见的春季广交会,私下交易的摊位费也从10万元涨到了16万。

竞争之下,郭夏冰差点失去一个非美国的大客户。

去年,这个俄罗斯批发商总共下了1000多万人民币的订单,分到四个工厂,郭夏冰分到150多万的订单,负责生产两个款式。今年三月初,客人说要给她三个款式的订单,因为她交货最早,没到年底就销售光了。

期间新款式一直没定下来,直到4月20号左右,客人发来一封态度强硬的邮件,“我现在很容易找到工厂,那些美国单停掉的工厂都在等着订单生产”。要郭夏冰降价5%才继续合作,而且把交货日期提前了15天。客人坦言,这是其他三家工厂主动给出的条件。

“我相信他说的是实话,因为在这种情况下,俄罗斯的订单是非常有吸引力的。”对郭夏冰来说,维护非美国地区的客户变得尤为关键。但5%相当于一半利润,她当晚回复只能降价1%,如果实在不行,只能放弃订单。

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●工人将打包好的圣诞树罗列整齐。

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●流水线上的工人。

在后续的邮件中,她提出低价偷工减料的可能性,引起客人关注,对方把各厂家的参数拿来对比。郭夏冰注意到,别家的树枝是圆头的,而她的是尖头,要多一道工序。一个头差两分钱,一棵树如果1000个头,就相差20块钱了。

那之后,赶上五一假期,客人有阵子没联络,不知道是要继续还是终止。

这种量大的单款式订单,非常受工人喜欢,厂长几次三番问郭夏冰,要不要排期上生产线。她心里忐忑,不仅因为这是当前的优质客户,赢得工人的心也同样重要,但她还是表面淡定说,“没有就算了”。

这阵子,每天都是不确定的。

美国客人着急拿货,想各种办法来谈。在客户“共担关税”的要求下,她最开始下降了3%价格,后来不能再降价,客户又来建议,把货值报低一些。但这个风险需要郭夏冰承担,还有五年追诉期,琢磨了一下,还是没敢干。

生产也因此变得不确定,临时恢复的单子打乱了原有计划,生产周期也缩短了。

之前美国单子停滞的时候,有瑞士客户来加单,以为可以快速出货。实际上,订单已经满满排到七月份了,郭夏冰一面安抚稳住客户,一面查看排期尽量提前安排。对于客户有几个国家单子要求的,她建议先做美国的,保证六月底先出货,其余的稍微排后。

还有四五百万的美国订单在观望90天后的情况,郭夏冰没有死心,打算先把其他能生产的订单赶出来,预留出夏天的时间给美国客人加单。

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●郭夏冰(左三)和工人一起赶制订单,给即将打包的圣诞树贴标签。

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●圣诞树上的“中国制造”标签。

和客户的博弈,每天都在发生。在义乌外贸公司干了二十多年的岳华,日常工作是对接外国客商和义乌厂家,会花很多时间跟外国客户商议设计稿,再根据图稿找国内厂家打样,对接后续批量生产的订单。从今年春节开始,她每天都在谈判,涉及价格和工期。

暂停高额关税的90天窗口期内,码头一直拥挤,商家都想赶在截止日8月10日前,把自己的货品运上船。这段时间,为了应对美国订单的激增,很多原本去南美和欧洲的货运船只去跑美线了。

郭夏冰有一个客户,原本定好5月份的一班船,结果临近突然被告知航线取消。

定柜子和船是客户自己负责的,但出货日期延迟会直接引起仓储和回款压力。郭夏冰有个巴西订单,23个货柜的圣诞树。原本希望在5月5日就能发走6个柜子,结果排到了两周后,没地方放,她只好又租了一个仓库。一天租金一千块,租了三个月。仓库里还有六十几个柜子的货在等待出仓。

义乌商场的装饰品区,走廊里挂着各式圣诞彩灯、玩具,老板们坐在店里,不是玩手机就是打电话。问起生意,都说“还可以”。一个老板解释,生意人要面子,赚不到钱也不能喊,不吉利。尤其和供应商、客户谈起来,得说“跟去年差不多”,怕对方压价。

多数义乌厂商,经历过2008年全球金融危机的“弃单潮”,经历过疫情期间的贸易遇冷,也经历过贸易产品和方式的数次转型。见招拆招对他们来说不新鲜。

转口贸易是常见对策之一。把商品先运往中转国家,再进入消费国,避免生产国和消费国直接进行贸易。2018至2019年,特朗普政府对从中国进口的商品大规模加征关税。部分原本运往美国的义乌商品通过转口贸易运往墨西哥,原本需要加高额关税的商品,就能以美国对墨西哥的较低关税入境,成为一条被普遍尝试的灰色路径。

实际上美国一直有“原产地规则”,也就是未加工的商品转口,仍按原产国征税,那段时期美国也对此加强了监管,因此这条路径并不是总有效。也有厂家尝试在第三国进行组装等轻加工,但达不到实质性改造商品的要求。

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●女工坐在圣诞树枝丛中,加装饰配件。

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●工人在给圣诞树植绒。

一劳永逸的做法,是在其他低关税国家建厂。这也并不容易。

岳华合作过的5家挪到国外的厂子,3家又搬回来了。那边的生产周期变长,因为原材料全都要从中国进口,而且熟手少,不像中国工人的技术已经从大量的订单中磨出来了。那边的工人也不愿意接受加班,要求的工资更高。

这些厂家跟岳华表示,总体算下来,还是中国生产成本低。2025年拟启用AI检测商品原产地的消息,让这条路显得愈加走不通。

圣诞装饰品涉及面部彩绘和配件组装,这些需要手工完成的环节,在自动化程度较低的东南亚国家难以替代。岳华介绍,过去几十年,工人们技术的熟练度在大量订单中成熟。美国玩具协会数据显示,在中国以外建立同等产能需要5到8年,成本会高出30-50%。

刚开始办厂的时候,就有人劝郭夏冰挪到东南亚去,但当时条件不成熟做不起来。这几年,不少厂家基于种种考虑,还是迁了出去。郭夏冰车间现在的包装团队,就是从另一家厂子转过来的,那家前两年搬到了柬埔寨。

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●工厂里忙碌的郭夏冰(中间)。

这次,面对俄罗斯客户的犹疑,郭夏冰推荐了设计款的圣诞树,这是她的优势——运用之前做装饰品的经验,设计流行款式,价格和基础款差不多。这是她在这个产品高度同质化行业里,找到的生存优势。最终,她拿到了这个俄罗斯订单。

端午期间,她参加了宁波展会,接着跟俄罗斯客户见面,之后九月去俄罗斯,十月去智利拜访客户。郭夏冰觉得,之前传统的依赖线上和外贸公司当中介的模式需要改变了,打算培养业务员学小语种,用国外社交软件做宣传。还计划在淡季增加食品类的生产,跟圣诞产品互补,一切为了增强抗风险能力。

“90天”之后关税变化未知,以防美国订单临时加单而导致港口爆单,从而运费上浮,郭夏冰在所有报价单上加了两条备注:一个货柜的运费不超过2000美金,如果超过了,超出的部分由对方承担;目前的关税145%,之后根据升或降,价格也随之调整。

版权声明:本文所有内容著作权归属极昼工作室,未经书面许可,不得转载、摘编或以其他形式使用,另有声明除外。

  • END –

The protesters and residents pushing back on tourism in Barcelona

BBC Protesters take to the streets against overtourism BBC

As protesters marched through central Barcelona on Sunday, they shouted at the tourists who were filming them to "Go Home!".

Bemused couples sitting in street cafés got squirted with water pistols and a luxury clothes store was pasted with stickers declaring the tourists who'd shut themselves inside unwelcome.

Tourism is hugely important to Spain and Barcelona is a top destination for visitors. But the crowds are growing so fast that many locals complain they're being squeezed out of their own cities.

Here and in popular spots across southern Europe, residents are pushing back.

The protesters

Marina, a young woman wearing sunglasses, holds up a sign at a protest
This sign reads "Your AirBnB used to be my home"

"We cannot live in this city. The rents are super high because of BnBs and also the expats who come and live here for the weather," Marina explained, holding her own banner as the crowd gathered.

It declared "Your AirBnB used to be my home".

Other signs called for a ban on the giant cruise ships that dock here, with one announcing that over-tourism is "killing" the city.

"Our goal is not to stop tourism, because it's also good, but to have it at a normal rate," Marina said.

The protesters' route wound towards one of Barcelona's biggest attractions, the towering Sagrada Familia church designed by Catalan architect, Gaudi.

A combination of stunning architecture, sea and sun drew more than 15 million visitors to the city last year, almost ten times the local population. No wonder it's feeling the strain.

"We're not against individual tourists, it's about how we're managing this," Elena, a young marine biologist, said.

"Young people can't afford living here or even normal things like coffee that are all really expensive for our salaries."

The residents

Pepi Viu sits outside in a light green top, she is an older woman with glasses and there is a busy street behind her
Pepi Viu, 80, was evicted from her house earlier this month

It's not only the young who are struggling.

At 80 years old, Pepi Viu has just been evicted from her home of almost a decade, in a popular neighbourhood. She thinks the owner wanted to earn more rent than the pensioner could pay.

Pepi is now in a hostel, and searching for somewhere more suitable, but prices have soared almost 70% since she last rented.

"I can't find anything – and there's no support. I feel like I have no protection and it's upsetting," she says, frail and leaning on a stick. "There's only tourist flats now, but we residents need somewhere to live!"

In some areas of town, almost all locals like Pepi have already been pushed out.

But in a narrow, paved street of the Gothic quarter, right in the tourist heart of Barcelona, Joan Alvarez is fighting to hold on to the flat his family have rented for 25 years, and at a price he can afford.

His landlord has terminated the contract, but Joan refuses to leave.

Most of the apartments in his building have already been divided into single rooms to bring in more rent.

Joan's little oasis, with tiled floors and a terrace that looks towards the cathedral, is one of the few still intact.

"It's not just about the money, it's the principle," he explains, cats winding through potted plants as he talks. "This is central Barcelona and there's hardly any of us residents left. It shouldn't be like that."

"Housing shouldn't be big business. Yes, this is his property, but it's my house."

The landlords

Jesus Pereda owns two flats in Central Barcelona which he rents to tourists and says landlords are being scapegoated.
Jesus Pereda, who rents two flats to tourists in central Barcelona, says landlords are being scapegoated

Under pressure from the protests, the authorities in Barcelona have already taken the radical step of announcing a complete ban on short-term rentals to tourists from 2028.

10,000 landlords will lose their tourist housing licenses.

But Jesus Pereda, who owns two popular tourist flats not far from the Sagrada Familia, thinks that's the wrong response.

"They stopped giving out new licenses 10 years ago, but rents have still gone up. So how are we to blame? We're just an easy enemy," he insists.

Managing the flats is his job, providing an income for himself and his wife. "Now we have anxiety."

Jesus believes it's the 'nomad' workers moving from elsewhere in Europe who are pushing rents up, rather than tourists. "They earn and pay more. You can't stop that."

He argues that tourist flats like his help spread the crowds, and the cash, to other areas of the city. Without tourism he believes Barcelona would have an "existential crisis" - it represents up to 15% of Spain's gross domestic product (GDP) as a whole.

If he loses his tourist license, Jesus won't take on local tenants in any case: a price-cap means long-term rental is barely profitable so he plans to sell both the flats.

Chants and firecrackers

The protest in Barcelona culminated in chants of "You're all guiris!" – local slang for foreigners – and a burst of firecrackers. Red smoke billowed up in front of rows of police officers blocking all routes to the Sagrada Familia.

A little earlier, the crowd had targeted a busy hotel, kicking a flare into the lobby. Tourists inside, including children, were clearly shaken.

There were similar protests elsewhere in Spain and more crowds in Portugal and Italy: not huge, but loud and insistent.

The concerns are the same and there's no consensus on how best to tackle it. But Spain is expecting more tourists this summer than ever.

Additional reporting by Esperanza Escribano and Bruno Boelpaep

Cape Town safety fears force parents to seek former white-only schools

Sibahle Mbasana Brothers Anele (left), who is carrying a rucksack, and Lifalethu Mbasana in their navy jumper and white shirt uniforms outside their school gate in Simon's Town. Incorporated into the the white-painted metal gate is a curved sign reading 'Simonstad Skool'Sibahle Mbasana
The Mbasana brothers have to get up at 04:30 to get to school on time

Fears of crime and gang violence in the notorious townships on the outskirts of the South African city of Cape Town are forcing some parents to make difficult decisions to send their children on long daily commutes to former white-only schools.

"Thugs would go into the school carrying guns threatening teachers, forcefully taking their laptops in front of the learners," Sibahle Mbasana told the BBC about the school her sons used to attend in Khayelitsha, Cape Town's largest township.

"Imagine your child experiencing this regularly. There's hardly any security at the school and even if there is, they are powerless to do anything."

It is more than three decades since the end of white-minority rule in South Africa, but there are still black students who have to endure the vast inequalities that were the bedrock of the racist system of apartheid.

Mrs Mbasana feels her three children are the inheritors of this legacy - particularly affecting her oldest son Lifalethu who was at a township school between the ages of six and 10.

One of the apartheid era's main laws was the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which aimed to prevent black children from reaching their full potential. This created segregated schools with less funding and fewer resources for those in poor areas, which to this day are overcrowded and often suffer from the fallout of high crime, drug use and violence.

Mrs Mbasana, who grew up in Eastern Cape province and moved to Khayelitsha when she was 18, decided she had no choice but to transfer Lifalethu, who is now 12, and her other son Anele, 11, to a state school some 40km (25 miles) away in Simon's Town, situated on a picturesque bay on the Cape Peninsula which is famously home to South Africa's navy.

The boys have been joined by their seven-year-old sister Buhle at the school, which has better facilities and smaller class sizes.

"I told myself [that] Buhle was not going to that [local] school because I already endured so many things with the two boys when they were at that school," said the 34-year-old clothes designer.

She and her husband would love to move their family away from Khayelitsha completely.

"We don't want to live in the township, but we have to live here because we can't afford to move out," she said.

"Speak to anyone in the township and they'll tell you they would move out at the first opportunity if they could."

AFP/Getty Images Two cars drive down a main tarmac road in Khayelitsha. Some people are seen walking along a pavement on one side next to houses constructed mainly from corrugated iron. Lots of electricity wires, electricity poles and pylons can be seen. In the distance is Table Mountain.AFP/Getty Images
Khayelitsha is Cape Town's largest and fastest-growing township

There is no doubt that there are township schools, led by visionary principals and hard-working teachers, that have done wonders despite the obstacles of poor infrastructure and large class sizes.

However, safety and security have proved insurmountable for some when, for example, gangs demand protection fees from teachers.

The GroundUp news website has reported that teachers at Zanemfundo Primary School in Philippi East, close to Khayelitsha, were allegedly told to pay 10% of their salaries to the extortionists who seemed to operate with impunity.

"It is not safe at all. We are in extreme danger," one teacher told GroundUp.

"These gangs come to the school gun-wielding. Our lives are at risk. Teachers at the school are asking for transfers because they don't feel safe."

According to the Western Cape Education Department (WCED), a private security company is now to be stationed at the school and the police are patrolling nearby.

But similar incidents have reportedly taken place at five other schools in the surrounding areas of Nyanga, Philippi and Samora Machel.

Sibahle Mbasana Sipho (L) and Sibahle Mbasana pose for the camera in their car with their daughter Buhle, in navy jumper and white shirt school uniform, smiling between them as she leans in from the back seat.Sibahle Mbasana
Sipho and Sibahle Mbasana's daughter has also started school in Simon's Town

"My husband Sipho works in the navy in Simon's Town and he travels there so I thought it would be safer and more comfortable for my children to go to that school," said Mrs Mbasana.

But longer commutes, often by bus or minibus taxi, to safer schools come with their own dangers and stresses.

"My children get up at around 4.30am and leave at 5.50am when Sipho is transporting them. When they go by bus, because Sipho may be working elsewhere, they leave by 5.30 and they get home by 4.30 in the afternoon," said Mrs Mbasana.

"They are always tired and want to sleep. They are strong because they do their homework, but they sleep much earlier than other kids would."

Lifalethu made national headlines last year when there was a frantic search for him after he was forced to walk home from Simon's Town to Khayelitsha as the bus he regularly takes refused him entry as he could not find his ticket.

The driver involved was subsequently suspended for contravening company policy, which requires employees to assist schoolchildren in uniform who have lost their tickets.

With darkness falling, it was Mrs Mbasana's worst nightmare when Anele called to say his elder brother had not been allowed aboard.

But a massive social media frenzy followed and by several strokes of good fortune he was found - at one stage the boy had been given a lift by a good Samaritan who dropped him off at a petrol station around 5km from his home.

From there he was accompanied on foot by a security guard who lived in his area before being picked up and taken home to his relieved family by police officers who had joined the search for him.

Universal Images Group/Getty Images A view of the bay on which Simon's Town is built - a picturesque scene showing the bright blue sea, boats, a harbour, lush vegetation, a mountain and mainly white houses clustered around the coast.Universal Images Group/Getty Images
If traffic is light it takes just under an hour by car from Khayelitsha to reach Simon's Town, the home of the South African navy

His case highlighted the plight of thousands of pupils from townships, some of whom do a round trip of up to 80km per day either on public transport or pre-arranged trips with minibus taxis to attend school in the city's suburban areas - which used to accept only white students in the apartheid era.

Wealthier residents of these suburbs often opt for a private education for their offspring, meaning that the state schools there tend to have spaces for those coming from further afield.

Donovan Williams, vice-principal of the state primary school in Cape Town's trendy Observatory district, says about 85% of his school's intake of around 830 students come from the townships - many of whom are exhausted by their long days.

"Some parents work in the area while most spend lots of money on transport for their children to access schools with better infrastructure," he told the BBC.

"Sometimes they fall asleep in class."

According to Amnesty International, South Africa has one of the most unequal school systems in the world - with a child's outcome very much dependent on their place of birth, wealth and colour of their skin.

"Children in the top 200 schools achieve more distinctions in mathematics than children in the next 6,600 schools combined. The playing field must be levelled," its 2020 report said.

State schools are subsidised, but parents still have to pay school fees, which in the Western Cape can range from between $60 (£45) and $4,500 (£3,350) a year.

Of the nearly 1,700 schools across the province, more than 100 are no-fee institutions as designated by the government for learners living in economically depressed areas.

The province's education department explains that it often has to cover a shortfall in funding from the government - and schools in more middle-class areas turn to parents to cover the costs.

Recently 2,407 teaching posts were lost in the province as the government allocated only 64% of the cost of the nationally negotiated wage agreement with teachers, the WCED said.

The reduction in posts has meant that some contract teachers were not reappointed when their contracts ended in December, while some permanent teachers have been asked to move schools.

"We are in an impossible position, and it is not of our making, and the Western Cape is not the only province affected," the WCED added.

AFP/Getty Images Two South African schoolchildren - one black, one white - both with a South African flag painted across their faces.AFP/Getty Images
After the end of apartheid in 1994 there was great hope that desegregation would bring a level playing field for all

The National Professional Teachers' Organisation of South Africa (Naptosa) says the decision has been particularly devastating for schools in impoverished and crime-ridden areas.

"The schools that are feeling the real impact of this is your typical township school. They can't afford to replace those teachers with governing-body appointments, which is the case with the better-resourced schools where parents can afford to pay extra fees," Naptosa executive director Basil Manuel told the BBC.

"They feel the cut, they will have the bigger class sizes, they will have the teachers that are more stressed out.

"The children, especially those who are not too academically inclined, will slip through the cracks."

Experts blame the continuing educational disparities on the debt the African National Congress (ANC) government of Nelson Mandela inherited in 1994 from the apartheid regime.

"The ANC had to confront the fact that it couldn't deliver in the way it said it would," Aslam Fataar, research professor in higher education transformation at Stellenbosch University, told the BBC.

Faced with fiscal austerity "poorer schools were never given a chance to develop a sustainable platform for teaching and learning", he said.

"The political interest in what happens in the township schools has been lost 20 years ago. When it comes to teacher expenditure and pupil-teacher ratios you can see how that sector has been neglected. The numbers of teachers in those schools continues to bear the brunt of cuts."

Prof Fataar is equally bleak about the future: "I can't see, bar a miracle, how we can increase the finances for poor schools."

Parents like the Mbasanas, stuck in the townships and often at the mercy of gangs, have run out of patience.

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'They're weak': Israelis back conflict with Iran in neighbourhood struck by missile

BBC Veronica Osipchik, 33, had her home damaged by the blastBBC
Veronica Osipchik, 33, had her home damaged by the blast

Bat Yam, just south of Tel Aviv, has long been a stronghold of support for Israel's right-wing governing coalition.

In the early hours of Sunday morning, an Iranian missile struck a 10-storey block of flats here, killing at least eight people and trapping dozens more under thick layers of rubble.

Despite the severe damage, locals strongly back Israel's attack on Iran, which began on Friday and has targeted nuclear facilities, missile sites, air defences, an airport and other infrastructure as well as nuclear and military personnel.

"It needed to be done," says Veronica Osipchik, 33, who lives about 200m (321ft) from the strike site. "But we didn't expect it to affect us like this."

Ms Osipchik had the windows and shutters of her apartment completely blown through. Almost every building in the vicinity suffered similar damage.

"We were in shock," she said, sat on a camping chair alongside a suitcase packed with food and toiletries.

The ballistic missiles that caused the damage in Bat Yam are far more powerful than the rockets fired by Hamas and Hezbollah over the past year and half. Those are mostly intercepted by Israel's sophisticated air defence system.

The first of those trapped under rubble were pulled out within hours. As of late Sunday, at least three people remained unaccounted for. "I saw fear in their eyes," said rescue paramedic Ori Lazarovich. "People came out all grey, covered in soot and ash and debris."

Avi, a 68-year old who did not want to give his surname, was born and raised in Bat Yam. "We need to keep hitting [Iran]" he says. "Of course we have to keep going. Otherwise, they'll drop an atomic bomb on us."

"They're weak. We're much stronger," he adds. "Israel is number one in the world."

Emil Mahmudov, 18, agreed: "We should have done this sooner. That's what most Israelis think."

AFP Rescuers search through rubble at site of Bat Yam strike. AFP

Israel's justification for its attack on Iran is to stop its nuclear programme. For well over a decade, successive governments have sounded alarm about the Iranian regime gaining nuclear weapons - something Iran denies seeking.

Even as Netanyahu has come under fire within Israel for the state of the war in Gaza, his chief political rivals - Benny Gantz, Avigdor Lieberman and Yair Lapid - have all expressed support for attacking Iran.

Professor Yossi Mekelberg, of the Middle East Programme at Chatham House, says there has "always been support to stop Iran from acquiring nuclear military capabilities".

But, he says, "this is much bigger than fighting Hamas in Gaza, even Hezbollah in Lebanon, or a very limited direct confrontation with Iran."

"This is evolving into a full-blown war. And there is fatigue in Israel after 20 months of war."

"If there are more casualties, if people are spending a long time in shelters, and if it becomes, again, another never-ending war," then support, he says, could erode.

By mid-afternoon on Sunday, Israel's far-right national security minister Itamar Ben Gvir - who was recently sanctioned by the UK government for "inciting violence against Palestinians" - arrived in Bat Yam to meet mourners.

Flanked by a cohort of armed security personnel, he shook hands with shop owners along a street where many had their windows blown through by the shock of the blast.

Tom Bennett/BBC An elderly woman sites on a bench surrounded by her belongings. Tom Bennett/BBC
At least 100 people were injured by the blast in Bat Yam

One, who did not want to give his name, was sat on a plastic chair outside his bakery, which he'd run for 29 years. He said he was there to prevent looting.

Does he support opening a new front against Iran? "Of course," he says, waving his hands. "What kind of question is that?"

Netanyahu also visited Bat Yam on Sunday, to chants of "Bibi, King of Israel" - a play on a popular song about the Biblical warrior King David that many Jewish children learn in school.

Hours later, in an evening address, he mourned the dead, telling the nation: "This is a difficult day. I told you, there will be difficult days."

Even with broad support for the conflict, if it continues to escalate - and civilian deaths continue to rise - there will be a question over how many difficult days the Israeli public will tolerate.

Man and woman who died while skydiving in Devon named

Scott Armstrong Belinda Taylor is stood wearing a black sleeveless vest with long brown hair. She is stood by a wooden gate with a white horse on the other side. Scott Armstrong
Belinda Taylor, 48, from Totnes, died while skydiving in Devon, police say

Two people who died while skydiving in Devon have been named by police.

Belinda Taylor, 48, from Totnes, and Adam Harrison, 30, from Bournemouth, died in the accident at Dunkeswell Aerodrome at about 13:00 BST on Friday, Devon and Cornwall Police said.

The force said the skydivers died at the scene and their families had been informed.

It said inquiries were ongoing by police, British Skydiving and East Devon District Council Environmental Health and Safety Office.

British Skydiving said on Saturday it had been "notified of a tragic accident in which two jumpers lost their lives".

"Our deepest condolences go to their families, friends and the entire skydiving community," it said.

The Civil Aviation Authority said it was aware of the incident but could not comment any further due to it being an active investigation.

The Dunkeswell Aerodrome is a former RAF site located in the Blackdown Hills area of Devon, close to the county's border with Somerset.

According to the aerodrome's website, the site was originally built to be an American naval base during World War Two.

It is also claimed to be the highest licensed airfield in the UK at 839ft (256m) above sea level.

Along with skydiving, other activities on offer include Spitfire flight tours, wing-walking and flight training for aircraft.

MP pleads not guilty to sexual assault charges

PA Media Patrick Spencer wears a navy suit and stands in front of a plain background.PA Media
Patrick Spencer appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court

An MP has pleaded not guilty to two counts of sexual assault that allegedly took place at London's Groucho Club.

Central Suffolk and North Ipswich MP Patrick Spencer is accused of two assaults on two women on the same day in August 2023 - before he was elected.

The 37-year-old, who became a Conservative MP at the 2024 general election, appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court.

He is due to appear next at Southwark Crown Court on 14 July for a plea and trial preparation hearing.

Mr Spencer stood in the dock to confirm his name as Michael Patrick Spencer and his date of birth.

District Judge Paul Goldspring told the MP he was on unconditional bail.

The charges were first brought against Mr Spencer in May.

Frank Ferguson, head of the special crime and counter terrorism division at the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), previously said: "Following a review of the evidence provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, we have authorised two counts of sexual assault against Patrick Spencer MP.

"The charges follow two alleged incidents involving two separate women at the Groucho Club in central London in August 2023."

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