The Israel-Iran Conflict
© Arash Khamooshi for The New York Times
© Arash Khamooshi for The New York Times
© Kenny Holston/The New York Times
© Korean Central News Agency, via Associated Press
© Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images
(德国之声中文网)《南德意志报》发表评论写道,在稀土问题上,即便是世界上最有权势的领导人特朗普也显得软弱无力。和德国及世界其他国家一样,美国也在稀土方面高度依赖中国。甚至可以说,在稀土问题上,欧美国家已经被中国及其专制政府牢牢抓住了软肋。这篇题为《离了中国,寸步难行》的评论写道:
“中国对自身的垄断地位心知肚明,也愿意毫不留情地充分利用这种优势。过去几周以来,美国对此就有过切肤之痛。同特朗普的关税之争中,稀土被中国领导层当作了反制武器。他们下令减少了对美国的稀土出口。美国企业因此陷入恐慌。中国实施出口限制还不到两个月,福特就不得不关闭了一家工厂,原因是稀土制造的磁铁严重缺货。
“北京随时都有可能会改变主意”
现在,作为最新中美协议的一部分,中国表示愿意恢复稀土供应。但是,北京随时都有可能会改变主意,而且起因并不一定局限于特朗普会再度挥舞关税大棒。仅仅出于这一原因,就不应对中美协定抱持过高的期望。对欧洲来说,这也是一次深刻教训和警示。因为欧洲大陆的可胁迫性和美国一样严重。除非西方拥有了自主开采和精炼稀土的能力,否则这种随时可能受到胁迫的风险就不会发生改变。
其实,稀土问题绝非突如其来。早在中美贸易争端升级之前,地缘政治专家就已发出过相关的警告。依赖问题主要集中在稀土的精炼和深加工方面,在这一领域,中国的市场份额已高达90%。尽管如此,多年来西方在这一领域还是无所作为。现在,虽然已经有了在中国之外开采和加工稀土的尝试,但进展却极其缓慢。数周前,法国刚刚启用了一座将稀土加工成磁铁的工厂,这也是迄今为止,欧洲第一座此类工厂。”
《南德意志报》评论指出,长期以来,由于环保和节能等方面的限制,西方国家宁愿将稀土产业拱手相让。但要摆脱被“卡脖子”的尴尬,民主国家也必须具备推动稀土项目的能力,否则就将是政府的严重失职。
”但愿此次中美贸易争端,也能像新冠疫情时的‘芯片荒’一样,起到让人警醒的作用。当时,欧洲和美国都意识到,他们必须拥有本土的芯片产能,并立即采取了相应的行动。在德国的德累斯顿和美国的亚利桑那州,都已引入了芯片工厂。整个过程虽然并非一帆风顺,但却为务实的产业政策提供了成功的典范。
特朗普早就夸下了海口,声称他会将工业带回美国。但在许多工业领域,这种做法毫无意义,有时甚至是疯狂的举动。毕竟没有人会真的需要美国制造的玩具娃娃、烤面包机或者智能手机。但稀土的情况则大不相同,美国急需摆脱对中国的依赖。不仅是美国,其他国家也同样如此。垄断带来的权势地位令北京陶醉,而此次中美协定并没有改变这种现状。”
苦涩的现实
中美伦敦会谈之后,美国总统特朗普高调宣布,“交易成功,中国将恢复对美国的稀土出口”《商报》发表评论称,现在的问题是,欧洲企业是否也能从这项交易中获益?毕竟欧洲企业也曾深受中国稀土出口管制之苦。
“德国企业现在非常担忧:美国是否已就稀土资源争取到了优先采购权?那么,欧洲人怎么办?欧洲是否也需要同中国开展政治谈判,以获取稀缺原材料及其制成品的供应?中国会要求欧洲做出哪些妥协?下一次出于政治动机的断供又会何时发生?
一个必须吞食的苦果是,来自中国的原材料已经成为政治施压工具。专家们长期以来不断重复的警告,现在终于变成了现实。
现在的当务之急是,联邦政府和德国经济界必须从中得出正确的结论:中国并不是一个可靠的伙伴。在北京看来,依赖性就是会被人拿捏的软肋。也正因为如此,多年以来,中国的专制领导层一直在致力于使本国经济摆脱对外依赖。
布鲁塞尔和柏林也不应再犯过去的错误,但凡遭遇北京的压力,就立即做出妥协,而是应当反其道而行之。过去,柏林总是惧怕来自北京的压力,以至于他们甚至忘记了,中国也同样依赖欧洲。与此同时,欧洲也必须尽快大幅度减少对中国的依赖。”
摘编自其他媒体的内容,不代表德国之声的立场或观点。
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(德国之声中文网)中欧7月将举行峰会之际,《金融时报》引述四名消息人士称,欧盟拒绝在峰会前与中方举行高层经贸对话。
欧中经贸高层对话经常为欧中领导人会议奠定基础。消息人士称,今年的欧中峰会将于7月24-25日在北京举行。今年也是中欧建交50周年。
《金融时报》引述其中一名消息人士称,中方想要举行经贸高层对话,但欧洲方面认为所有谈判中都未取得进展。
欧盟去年对中国电动汽车加征关税,中国则针对欧盟白兰地采取反制措施。除相互反倾销调查外,消息人士向《金融时报》表示,中国对稀土的管制也是双边关系紧张的因素。
不过,也有一位欧盟官员向该报表示,欧中经贸高层对话是不定期举行,不一定总是在峰会之前。
《金融时报》还报道称,中国总理李强将出席中欧峰会,而不是国家主席习近平,也被布鲁塞尔视为一种拒绝。
中国外交部就此答记者问时表示,当前单边主义甚嚣尘上,中欧深化合作有利世界。“中欧一直就经贸等问题保持着沟通。”
冯德莱恩:北京扭曲市场
正在加拿大出席G7峰会的欧委会主席冯德莱恩则向特朗普提议,联手应对中国的不正当竞争做法。
据德新社报道,在G7一次工作会议上,冯德莱恩称关税最终会由企业通过提价转嫁给美国消费者,她还批评说,关税会转移对中国存在问题的视线,同时给增长和创新带来不确定性。
冯德莱恩表示,北京的做法显示,并无意愿遵守国际体系规则。她说,其它市场开放的同时,中国则无视知识产权保护,并使用大规模的补贴,目标是在全球生产和供应链占据主导地位。冯德莱恩表示,这并非公平竞争,而是扭曲市场的行为。
冯德莱恩表示,从欧盟角度看,问题的根源在于中国2001年加入世贸组织而不是G7伙伴之间的贸易。她还表示,特朗普认为当前全球贸易体系运作失当,是对的。
冯德莱恩提议,共同应对当前与中国存在的问题,使用G7的谈判力。她说,七国集团占据世界经济的45%,知识产权收入占到世界的80%。他建议,改革世贸规则,加强供应链韧性以及科技和工业的领先角色。
(综合报道)
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在“躺平”理念之前,中国民间就开始对抗盛行多年的“过劳文化”。这两项由一群中国年轻人在互联网上发起的中国项目,采用群众外包(crowdsouring)和开源项目的方式,它们借鉴的就是2019年发起的“996ICU项目“。这是一项反对中国互联网公司过度加班,中国程序员在2019年在代码共享平台GitHub上自行发起的开源项目。
Aaron Zhang是澳洲悉尼大学计算机专业的学生,最初他利用996ICU的编程代码,搭建了611study.ICU的网站,Zhang坦言自己编程水平有限,到了“牛马ICU”项目,团队已招聘到专业的网站开发工程师,页面也更为专业。
截至发稿前,该项目已收集了全国4962所公司企业的有效数据,投稿中甚至也包括国企和体制内的公务员。网站统计显示,每天工作在8小时以内的仅占6%,有37%每天工作时长超过12个小时。有79%的人需要每周工作6-7天。
与学生超时学习项目相比,职场超时工作的项目并没有造成轰动,或推动改革 。“压迫者和公权力的利益是相衔接的”,李颖解释,“工厂更大力度地压榨工人,(中国政府)他们才能从中获得更大的利益。”他觉得给“工人放双休”的希望渺茫。
不过在团队成员看来,ICU项目的深远意义在于打破了中国长久以来的“数据黑洞”。“大家都知道中国存在超时学习的问题,”Zhang说,“但没有渠道知道问题到底有多严重, 它的地区分布是什么样的。”
近年来,中国曾对外开放的官方数据,正逐步消失。而中国统计局已有的数据,可信度也遭怀疑,中国官方通告也承认,以“数据造假谋取虚假政绩问题仍有发生”。同时,中方还要求第三方数据提供商对外国实行更多限制,有智库表明,这将影响企业、政府和研究机构等对中国关键领域的研究。
从大图景看,这两个ICU项目找到了一个可能打破中国信息封锁的方式。中国民众通过VPN翻墙的方式,在谷歌文档上匿名填写学校和公司信息,每天上下学和上下班时间、每周上学和上学时间和每月放假天数,2024年学校自杀人数,长时间工作出现的问题等数据。这些数据会由团队内容审查员多次审核,标记分离出存疑的投稿,例如自杀人数过多和学习时长过高等。
无法否认的是,匿名性会使其数据准确度打折扣。蒋不在采访中承认,“数据的准确性和投稿者的安全之间会有一个永恒的矛盾”。为防止校方报复,投稿为匿名,也不会记录其IP所在地。他认为,如果有人存心编造数据,数据只要不是很离谱,的确没有办法辨别出来。 李颖分享给RFA关于这两个ICU项目的社区内部报告,也提及“自愿投稿的方式易使极端案例过度凸显”的局限性。
蒋不透露,他们在向联合国下属的非盈利组织反映中国儿童身心受迫害和中国劳工问题等。得到的反馈包括因其匿名投稿的性质,难以确定为可靠的信源。李颖解释,他们的合作并未因此受阻,他们还正在与其他人权组织接洽,暂不便透露细节。
参与两个项目以来,阿朗一共得到了24万$Li币作为报酬。蒋不说,$Li社区里有加密币领域的专家分享如何更安全地把$Li兑换成现金,但身居香港的阿朗还有很多安全顾虑,担心中国政府会查出钱的源头,发现他与李颖的联系。直到约一个月前,他手头紧张,才决定兑换了少量$Li,他说自己心里多少有些忐忑。
2024年12月年末,李颖发行了虚拟货币迷因币$Li,以构建一个去中心化的海外中文社区,用于推广中国的新闻和言论自由。“迷因币”(Memecoin)名字源于“Internet Meme”(互联网的表情包),“$Li”的标志也是“李老师”账户的头像,一只手绘虎斑猫。
在发币当天,这个极具个人色彩的$Li市值高达千万美金,然而随后就一路下跌,大幅贬值,现在仍为一种活跃的交易币,截至发稿前,市值约仅约200万美金。
李颖发币事件,很快在海外华人圈引发撕裂。有不少李颖的粉丝表示支持,而很多人也怀疑其动机。“白纸运动”的组织者和流亡者黄意诚在X上公开声明,与李颖“割席”,认为其在法律和道义上都有疑点,利用在白纸运动期间累计的民众信任,为自己发横财。也有人认为,李颖发行“李币”名为推广新闻自由,实为“割韭菜”、“老鼠仓”。
抱有怀疑态度的也包括后来的$Li社区成员。阿朗觉得,李颖最初发币的X推文中,提到要构建一个“去中心化的海外中文社区生态”,邀请人们加入筹备委员会,而这些概念很空泛,他最初担心,李颖想通过这个行动去骗钱,如果自己加入,“最终就可能变成了一个帮凶。”
蒋不最初听到这个消息,也觉得不可思议。像很多人一样,他觉得加密货币是“骗局和割韭菜”。他试图改变李颖的想法,劝导他这样会损害他的声誉。可没有成效后,纪录片导演出身的蒋不就想转而记录这个时刻。
3天,60多个小时,蒋不从巴黎飞抵意大利,记录下李颖发币的整个过程。蒋不说自己没有看到李颖从中套利。从网友们的质疑开始,蒋不发问了100多个问题,最终被李颖试图“用加密货币对抗极权的理想主义”所打动。结束拍摄后,蒋不参与了两个ICU项目,后来他决定购买$Li币,并捐赠给$Li委员会。此举引发博主和不少的批评,旅居日本的中国自媒体人王志安也怀疑,蒋不通过拍摄和采访获取获取内幕,毫无公信力,“串通李颖做老鼠仓”。对此,蒋觉得“纪录片没有态度,但我依然会对事情有自己的态度”,他不认同伦理问题。
“在华人社群里做领袖,是一件非常吃力不讨好的事。”李颖坦言,虽然最初想建立一个“去中心化的海外中文社区生态”,但他不得已被推上社群领袖的角色。但他发现,中国人普遍有一种”救世主“的心态,期待别人来拯救自己,而领袖又必须是像耶稣一样,自我奉献型。在自己遭遇过中方各种各样的威胁和打压后,李颖说自己失去了工作,国内的存款也被冻结,无法维系生计。2023年,李颖公布了自己在X上广告收益的分成,平均每个月568欧(约合4495人民币),这远低于同年意大利人均月收入水平。
“在不接受外国政府资助的情况下,我不得已选择发行加密货币。”李颖说。据“李老师”X平台小号发表的声明,$Li发售总量为10亿枚, 价格由市场调整, 将成立一个基金会,其基金会持币19.5%,李颖个人持有2%。
这些质疑声,来自于加密货币的风险性和不可控性,另一方面也来自于$Li愿景中社区建设的超前性。“李老师就像半路杀出个程咬金,大家都是华山论剑的,点到为止,”蒋不这样形容李颖发币后建立起的$Li社区,“突然特别莽撞的冲出来,打破了整个规则的一个生物。”
蒋不的另一个身份——社群运动的组织者,他深知非营利组织的工作模式是找资金、做项目、写报告,项目常常受限于资金,项目推进往往很慢。”李老师凭空造出来一笔钱,项目周期很短,一个月就能滚动一个项目,用一种高效又节省成本的方式,每个人既获得一点物质的回报, 又有参与感, 蒋不感叹道,“这个事情简直太创新了。”
李颖认为,在被打压和威胁后,“发币”虽然在当初是一种不得已而为之的选择,面对众多非议,但他们还是成功组建了一个社区,发起了这些项目。“每次从从濒死边缘活过来之后,你会变得更强大。”
(因为安全原因,阿朗, Aaron Zhang为化名, 蒋不为网名。)
责编:许书婷
© AFP
© Kenny Holston/The New York Times
President Donald Trump has signed documents to reduce tariffs on UK cars being imported to the US, which will bring into force parts of a tariff pact agreed between the two countries last month.
Speaking at the G7 summit in Canada, Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer called the move a "very important day" for both countries.
The pact was the first that the White House has announced since it imposed tariffs on various goods entering America from around the world earlier this year.
But a 10% levy remains in place on most goods, including cars, arriving to American shores from the UK.
As agreed last month, the US said it would allow up to 100,000 cars into the US at a 10% tariff, instead of the 25% import tax imposed by Trump on all car imports earlier this year.
The document said the US would set up a similar system for steel and aluminium, but did not specify what it would be.
"We're gonna let you have that information in little while," the US President said when asked if steel tariffs would be axed for the UK - a major part of the original tariff pact.
The order also agreed to remove tariffs on certain kinds of aerospace products.
Sir Keir said the deal "implements on car tariffs and aerospace", and described the agreement as a "sign of strength" between Britain and America.
The deal will come into effect seven days following its official publication.
Business and Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds said the announcement was "the result of work happening at pace between both governments to lower the burden on UK businesses, especially the sectors most impacted by the tariffs".
"We will update parliament on the implementation of quotas on US beef and ethanol, part of our commitment to the US under this deal," he added.
US beef exports to the UK had been subject to a 20% tariff within a quota of 1,000 metric tons. The UK has scrapped this tariff and raised the quota to 13,000 metric tonnes.
But the UK government has insisted there will be no weakening of food standards and that any US beef imports will need to meet food safety requirements.
Reality star Kim Woodburn has died at the age of 83, her manager has confirmed.
The TV personality was best known for appearing on How Clean Is Your House and Celebrity Big Brother star.
Her manager told BBC News: "It is with immense sadness that we let you know our beloved Kim Woodburn passed away yesterday following a short illness.
"Kim was an incredibly kind, caring, charismatic and strong person. Her husband Peter is heartbroken at the loss of his soulmate.
"We are so proud of the amazing things Kim achieved in her life and career."
This is a breaking news story, further updates to follow.
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Patients who film their own medical treatment for TikTok or Instagram could be putting themselves and NHS staff at risk, the Society of Radiographers (SoR) has warned.
The trade union's annual conference heard that more patients were videoing their procedures on mobile phones, often without asking permission.
This could distract staff or make them feel uncomfortable and anxious, the society said.
Sharing material on social media also risks publicising the private medical data of other people who may be in the same room or area of the hospital.
"I had one patient whose relative started filming while I was trying to set up," said Ashley d'Aquino, a therapeutic radiographer from London.
"It wasn't the right time - I was trying to focus on delivering the treatment."
Ms d'Aquino, who is also a local union representative, said she had recently been contacted by other colleagues in a similar situation.
"We had a member of staff who agreed to take photos for a patient," she said.
"When the patient handed over her phone, the member of staff saw that the patient had also been covertly recording her, to publish on her cancer blog."
Most NHS staff wear identity badges and their names and job titles may be visible on videos posted online.
The union said another of its members, a department assistant from the south coast of England, was inserting a cannula as part of a cancer procedure, when the patient's 19-year old daughter started filming on her phone.
"She thought it would be entertaining on social media but she didn't ask permission," said the member of staff.
"I spent the weekend afterwards worrying: did I do my job properly? I know I did, but no-one's perfect all of the time," she added.
"I don't think I slept for the whole weekend."
Ms d'Aquino said there were valid reasons for patients to record the audio of medical consultations - so they could listen back to the detail, for example.
"The difficulty is that our phones have become so much a part of our day-to-day life that recording and sharing has become second nature," she added.
Dean Rogers, the director of strategy at the SoR, is calling for NHS trusts to have clear policies in place that stop patients from filming without permission.
"As healthcare professionals, we need to think: does that recording breach the confidentiality of other patients? Does it breach our ability to deliver care?" he said.
"There are hospital trusts that have very good policies around patients taking photos and filming procedures but this is something all trusts need to have in place."
Prof Meghana Pandit, co-national medical director at NHS England, said it was vital that, if patients want to record any part of NHS care, they discuss it with staff first and it remains for their personal use only.
"Recording other patients inadvertently and without their permission risks breaching patient confidentiality – the information and treatment provided to other patients on NHS premises should never be recorded, let alone posted to social media," she added.
At least 14 people have been killed overnight and dozens more wounded in Russian strikes on the Ukrainian capital Kyiv, officials say.
It was one of the largest bombardments of the capital since the beginning of the full-scale invasion more than three years ago.
Ukraine's interior minister, Ihor Klymenko, said a total of 440 drones and 32 missiles had been launched at the country.
Meanwhile, Russian air defence units intercepted and destroyed 147 Ukrainian drones overnight, Moscow's defence ministry said.
The strikes on Kyiv lasted more than nine hours – sending residents fleeing to underground shelters from before midnight until after sunrise.
Officials said a ballistic missile hit a nine-storey apartment building in one district, with a total of 27 districts of the city coming under fire.
"Waking up in utter nightmare: people trapped under rubble and full buildings collapsed," Ukrainian MP Lesia Vasylenko wrote on X.
Klymenko said rescue teams were still working to free people.
Loud explosions rocked the city, along with the rattle of the machine guns used by mobile Ukrainian air defence units to shoot down drones.
More sirens later in the morning disrupted rescue operations in the city, hampering emergency workers searching the rubble for survivors.
Russia has intensified its air attacks against Ukrainian cities in recent weeks, with a tactic of sending large waves of drones and decoys designed to overwhelm Ukrainian air defences.
Kyiv has launched attacks of its own, as direct talks between the warring sides failed to secure a ceasefire or significant breakthrough.
President Volodymyr Zelensky called Russia's most recent wave of strikes "pure terrorism".
He accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of carrying out the large scale strikes "solely because he can afford to continue this war".
"It is bad when the powerful of this world turn a blind eye to this," he said, adding: "It is the terrorists who should feel the pain, not normal, peaceful people."
Drone strikes also hit the southern Ukrainian city of Odesa, killing one person and injuring at least 10 others, Klymenko said.
Zelenksy had been hoping to speak with the US President Donald Trump on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Canada on Tuesday but Trump cut short his stay amid the escalating crisis in the Middle East.
The news will come as a blow to Zelensky and his administration, which had been hoping to secure US support at the conference for Ukraine's strategic and military goals.
(德国之声中文网)美国政府针对短视频平台TikTok的禁令原定于本周四(6月19日)生效,现在有可能再次推迟。这项禁令要求TikTok必须出售其美国业务,否则将被禁止在美运营。
TikTok的母公司字节跳动是一家中国公司。特朗普政府以国家安全为由推动此项立法,但特朗普本人最近在接受NBC采访时表示,他“对TikTok心存一丝感情”,并愿意给予更多时间,“如果需要延期,我愿意延期”。
特朗普强调,已有一群买家准备向TikTok所有者字节跳动支付“一大笔钱”,购买TikTok的美国业务。他还一再淡化TikTok面临的风险,并表示他仍然有信心会找到买家。
独立分析师恩德勒(Rob Enderle)对法新社表示,特朗普“根本没有动力对TikTok采取任何行动”。法新社分析称,特朗普长期以来一直支持禁止或强制出售这一应用,但在看到该平台帮助他在去年11月总统大选中赢得年轻选民的支持后,他改变了立场。
已两次推迟
英国华威商学院(Warwick Business School)信息系统助理教授施韦塔·辛格(Shweta Singh)表示,TikTok“已成为中美科技竞争的象征,成为新冷战中争夺数字控制权的导火索”。
2024年4月,时任美国总统拜登签署一项法案,要求TikTok母公司字节跳动在270天内将TikTok出售给非中国企业,否则这款应用程序将在2025年1月19日后在美国被禁用。1月20日,特朗普上任后立即签署行政令,给予TikTok75天宽限期,之后又第2次延期至今年6月19日。
特朗普今年4月曾表示,如果不是因为华盛顿对北京征收关税而引发争议,中国本会同意出售TikTok。字节跳动证实正在与美国政府谈判,表示仍有关键问题需要解决,而且任何交易都必须“根据中国法律获得批准”。
算法何去何从?
知情人士称,潜在方案包括让现有美国投资者接手字节跳动在TikTok中的股份,组建一个独立的新公司。此外,甲骨文(Oracle)与黑石集团(Blackstone)可能加入成为新投资者,进一步稀释中国母公司的股权。不过,TikTok的核心资产——推荐算法的归属仍存不确定性。
TikTok的大部分美国用户数据已托管在甲骨文服务器上。该公司董事长埃里森(Larry Ellison)是特朗普长期以来的盟友。
尽管白宫尚未明确表态是否将再度延迟执行禁令,TikTok本周仍照常推出AI广告工具“Symphony”,供广告商将文字或照片转换为该平台的影片素材。据法新社报道,该新产品的推出标志着其业务运营未受明显影响。
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