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Netanyahu visits US as Trump puts pressure to agree Gaza ceasefire deal

Reuters US President Donald Trump welcomes Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., April 7, 2025Reuters
US President Donald Trump welcomes Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the White House in April

After 21 months of war, there are growing hopes of a new Gaza ceasefire announcement as Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets US President Donald Trump in Washington.

Trump previously told reporters he had been "very firm" with Netanyahu about ending the conflict and that he thought "we'll have a deal" this week.

"We are working to achieve the deal that has been discussed, under the conditions we have agreed," the veteran Israeli PM said before boarding his plane. "I believe that the conversation with President Trump can definitely help advance this outcome, which we all hope for."

Indirect talks between Israel and Hamas on a US-sponsored proposal for a 60-day ceasefire and hostage release deal resumed in Qatar on Sunday evening.

However, it is unclear whether key differences that have consistently held up an agreement can be overcome.

Reuters Mourners carry the bodies of two Palestinian children reportedly killed in an Israeli strike, during a funeral at al-Shifa Hospital, in Gaza City (6 July 2025)Reuters
Dozens of Palestinians in Gaza are being reported killed in Israeli strikes every day

Only cautious optimism is being expressed by weary Palestinians living in dire conditions amid continuing daily Israeli bombardment, and the distressed families of Israeli hostages still held by Hamas.

"I don't wish for a truce but a complete stop to all war. Frankly, I'm afraid that after 60 days the war would restart again," says Nabil Abu Dayah, who fled from Beit Lahia in northern Gaza to Gaza City with his children and grandchildren.

"We got so tired of displacement, we got tired of thirst and hunger, from living in tents. When it comes to life's necessities, we have zero."

On Saturday evening, large rallies took place urging Israel's government to seal a deal to return some 50 hostages from Gaza, up to 20 of whom are believed to be alive.

Some relatives questioned why the framework deal would not free all captives immediately.

"How does one survive under such conditions? I'm waiting for Evyatar to return and tell me himself," said Ilay David, whose younger brother, a musician, was filmed by Hamas in torment as he watched fellow hostages being released earlier this year during the last, two-month-long ceasefire.

"This is the time to save lives. This is the time to rescue the bodies from the threat of disappearance," Ilay told a crowd in Jerusalem.

"In the rapidly changing reality of the Middle East, this is the moment to sign a comprehensive agreement that will lead to the release of all the hostages, every single one, without exception."

AFP Families of Israeli hostages held by Hamas in Gaza protest outside the Israeli military's headquarters in Tel Aviv, Israel (5 July 2025)AFP
The Israeli hostages' families are urging the US president to broker a deal that secures the release of all of those held in Gaza

Netanyahu is visiting the White House for the third time since Trump returned to power nearly six months ago.

But the leaders will be meeting for the first time since the US joined Israeli attacks on Iranian nuclear sites and then brokered a ceasefire between Israel and Iran.

There is a strong sense that the recent 12-day war has created more favourable circumstances to end the Gaza war.

After months of low popularity ratings, the Israeli PM has been bolstered by broad public support for the Iran offensive and analysts suggest he now has more leverage to agree to a peace deal over the strong objections of his far-right coalition partners, who want Israel to remain in control of Gaza.

Hamas is seen to have been further weakened by the strikes on Iran - a key regional patron - meaning it could also be more amenable to making concessions needed to reach an agreement.

Meanwhile, Trump is keen to move on to other priorities in the Middle East.

These include brokering border talks between Israel and Syria, returning to efforts to normalise relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia, and completing unfinished business with Iran, involving possible negotiations on a new nuclear deal.

For months, ceasefire talks between Israel and Hamas have been deadlocked over one fundamental difference.

Israel has been ready to commit to a temporary truce to return hostages but not an end to the war. Hamas has demanded a permanent cessation of hostilities in Gaza and a full pullout of Israeli troops.

The latest proposal put to Hamas is said to include guarantees of Washington's commitment to the deal and to continued talks to reach a lasting ceasefire and the release of all the hostages.

Nothing has been officially announced, but according to media reports the framework would see Hamas hand over 28 hostages - 10 alive and 18 dead - in five stages over 60 days without the troubling handover ceremonies it staged in the last ceasefire.

There would be a large surge in humanitarian aid entering Gaza.

After the return of the first eight living hostages on the first day of the agreement, Israeli forces would withdraw from parts of the north. After one week, the army would leave parts of the south.

On Day 10, Hamas would outline which hostages remain alive and their condition, while Israel would give details about more than 2,000 Gazans arrested during the war who remain in "administrative detention" - a practice which allows the Israeli authorities to hold them without charge or trial.

As seen before, large numbers of Palestinians would be released from Israeli jails in exchange for hostages.

Reuters Israeli soldiers operate in Gaza, as seen from the Israeli side of the border (6 July 2025)Reuters
The Israeli military's chief of staff said last week that it was nearing the completion of its war goals

President Trump has described this as the "final" truce proposal and said last week that Israel had accepted "the necessary conditions" to finalise it.

On Friday, Hamas said it had responded in a "positive spirit" but expressed some reservations.

A Palestinian official said sticking points remained over humanitarian aid - with Hamas demanding an immediate end to operations by the controversial Israeli and American-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) and a return to the UN and its partners overseeing all relief efforts.

Hamas is also said to be questioning the timetable for Israeli troop withdrawals and operations of the Rafah crossing between southern Gaza and Egypt.

Netanyahu's office stated on Saturday that the changes wanted by Hamas were "not acceptable" to Israel.

The prime minister has repeatedly said that Hamas must be disarmed, a demand the Islamist group has so far refused to discuss.

EPA Displaced Palestinians gather outside a charity kitchen for food, in Khan Younis, southern Gaza (30 May 2025)EPA
The humanitarian situation in Gaza is continuing to deteriorate

In Israel, there is growing opposition to the war in Gaza, with more than 20 soldiers killed in the past month, according to the military.

The Israeli military's chief of staff, Lt Gen Eyal Zamir, said last week that it was nearing the completion of its war goals and signalled that the government must decide whether to move ahead with a deal to bring home hostages or prepare for Israeli forces to re-establish military rule in Gaza.

Polls indicate that two-thirds of Israelis support a ceasefire deal to bring home the hostages.

In Gaza, some residents express fears that the current wave of positivity is being manufactured to ease tensions during Netanyahu's US trip - rationalising that this happened in May as Trump prepared to visit Arab Gulf states.

The coming days will be critical politically and in humanitarian terms.

The situation in Gaza has continued to deteriorate, with medical staff reporting acute malnutrition among children.

The UN says that with no fuel having entered in over four months, stockpiles are now virtually gone, threatening vital medical care, water supplies and telecommunications.

Israel launched its war in Gaza in retaliation for the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023, which killed about 1,200 people and led to 251 others being taken hostage.

Israeli attacks have since killed more than 57,000 people in Gaza, according to the Hamas-run health ministry. The ministry's figures are quoted by the UN and others as the most reliable source of statistics available on casualties.

Pet lion's owners arrested after big cat attacks three people

Watch: Moment pet lion pounces on woman in street

Police in Pakistan have arrested the owners of a pet lion that attacked a woman and her three young children after it escaped.

Dramatic CCTV footage from the eastern city of Lahore showed how the big cat leapt over a concrete wall and chased the woman down as terrified onlookers ran for safety.

The woman and her children, aged five and seven, sustained injuries to their arms and faces but are now in stable condition, authorities said.

Police have accused the lion's owners of keeping a wild animal without a licence and negligence leading to its escape. The lion was captured and moved to a wildlife park.

Big cats as pets are a status symbol in Pakistan, where it is legal to keep lions, cheetahs, tigers, pumas and jaguars after registering them and paying a one-time fee of 50,000 rupees ($176; £129) per animal.

However, such cast must be housed outside city limits. Lahore, located in Punjab province, is Pakistan's second-largest city.

The children's father claimed that the lion's owners stood by and watched as their pet clawed at his family on Wednesday. He said they did not do anything to restrain it.

The video showed the woman picking herself up then running back to seek help from onlookers, some of whom were seen running in panic.

Days after the incident, authorities in Punjab launched a crackdown on illegal wildlife possession. They have arrested five people and recovered 13 lions since.

In January, a Pakistani YouTube star was ordered to create animal welfare videos as punishment for illegally owning a lion cub.

Rajab Butt, who has 5.6 million subscribers, was presented the cub as a wedding gift.

How an al-Qaeda offshoot became one of Africa's deadliest militant groups

Al-Zallaqa JNIM fighters train in an undisclosed location in West Africa's Sahel region.Al-Zallaqa

Al-Qaeda affiliate Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) is the main group behind a surge in militant jihadist attacks sweeping across several West African nations, especially Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.

On 1 July, the group said it had carried out a major coordinated attack on seven military locations in western Mali, including near the borders with Senegal and Mauritania.

There is growing concern about the impact JNIM could have on the stability of the region.

Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have struggled to contain the violence – and this is one of the factors that contributed to several military coups in the three Sahel countries over the last five years.

But like the civilian governments they replaced, the juntas are seemingly unable to stem the growing jihadist threat, especially from JNIM.

What is JNIM?

JNIM has become one of Africa's deadliest jihadist groups within the space of just a few years.

It was formed in Mali in 2017, as a coalition of five jihadist militant groups:

  • Ansar Dine
  • Katibat Macina
  • Al-Mourabitoun
  • Ansar al-Islam
  • The Sahara branch of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

These groups started collaborating after the French military pushed back several jihadist and separatist organisations that were operating in northern Mali in 2012. Eventually, the leaders of the groups came together to create JNIM.

In recent years, they have expanded geographically, establishing new areas of operation.

JNIM is led by Iyad Ag Ghali, a former Malian diplomat who belongs to the Tuareg ethnic group. He was at the helm of the Tuareg uprising against the Malian government in 2012 which sought to establish an independent state for the Tuareg people called Azawad. Deputy leader Amadou Koufa is from the Fulani community.

Analysts believe the central leadership helps guide local branches which operate across the Sahel region of West Africa.

While it is difficult to know exactly how many fighters there are in JNIM's ranks, or how many have recently been recruited, experts suggest it could be several thousand - mostly young men and boys who lack other economic opportunities in one of the poorest regions in the world.

What does JNIM want?

The group rejects the authority of the Sahel governments, seeking to impose its strict interpretation of Islam and Sharia in the areas where it operates.

Analysts say that in some areas, JNIM has been known to impose strict dress codes, implement bans against music and smoking, order men to grow beards and prevent women from being in public spaces alone.

This version of Islam can be at odds with the religion as practised by local communities, says Yvan Guichaoua, a senior researcher at the Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies.

"These practices are clearly breaking from established practices and certainly not very popular," he says.

"But whether it's attractive or not, also depends on what the state is able to deliver, and there has been a lot of disappointment in what the state has been doing for the past years."

Disillusionment with the secular justice system can make the introduction of Sharia courts appealing to some.

Where does JNIM operate?

After its beginnings in central and northern Mali, JNIM rapidly expanded its reach. While its strongholds are in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, JNIM has also carried out attacks in Benin, Togo and at one point Ivory Coast.

It is now operational throughout Mali and 11 of Burkina Faso's 13 regions, according to the Global Initiative against Transnational Organised Crime (Gi-Toc), a civil society organisation.

In the last year, Burkina Faso has become the epicentre of the group's activities – predominately the northern and eastern border regions. This is, in part, because of divisions and defections in the country's military as well as how deeply embedded the militants are in the local communities, according to Beverly Ochieng, a senior analyst for security consultancy firm Control Risk.

"JNIM have an ability to embed in local communities or to be able to use local grievances as a means of recruiting or winning sympathy towards their cause," she told the BBC.

Are JNIM attacks increasing in scale?

In recent months violent incidents have spiked in Burkina Faso to previously unseen levels, according to analysis from BBC Monitoring's jihadist media team. Major attacks have also recently been carried out in Mali, Niger and Benin.

In the first half of 2025, JNIM said it carried out over 280 attacks in Burkina Faso – double the number for the same period in 2024, according to data verified by the BBC.

The group has claimed to have killed almost 1,000 people across the Sahel since April, most of them members of the security force or militias fighting alongside government forces, according to BBC Monitoring data.

Almost 800 of these have been in Burkina Faso alone. Casualties in Mali were the next highest (117) and Benin (74).

"The frequency of attacks in June is just unheard of so far," says Mr Guichaoua. "They have really stepped up their activities in the past weeks."

The militants use a variety of tactics designed to cause maximum disruption, Ms Ochieng explains.

"They plant IEDs [improvised explosive devices] on key roads, and have long-range capabilities.

"They [also] target security forces in military bases, so a lot of their weapons come from that. They have also attacked civilians - in instances where communities are perceived to be cooperating with the government."

Starlink - a company owned by Elon Musk which provides internet via satellites - has also been exploited by groups like JNIM to enhance their capabilities, according to a recent report by Gi-Toc.

The company provides high-speed internet where regular mobile networks are unavailable or unreliable.

Militant groups smuggle Starlink devices into the country along well-established contraband routes, G-toch says.

"Starlink has made it much easier for [militant groups] to plan and execute attacks, share intelligence, recruit members, carry out financial transactions and maintain contacts with their commanders even during active conflict," an analyst from Gi-Toc told the BBC's Focus on Africa podcast.

The BBC has contacted Starlink for comment.

How is JNIM funded?

The group has multiple sources of income.

At one time in Mali, funds were raised through kidnapping foreigners for ransom but few remain in the country because of the deteriorating security situation.

Cattle-rustling has now become a major source of income, according to an analyst from Gi-Toc. They did not want to be named as it could risk their safety in Mali.

"Mali is a big exporter of cattle so it's easy for them to steal animals and sell them," the analyst said.

Research by Gi-Toc shows that in one year in just one district of Mali, JNIM made $770,000 (£570,000) from livestock. Based on this figure, JNIM could be earning millions of dollars from cattle theft.

JNIM also imposes various taxes, according to experts.

"They tax the gold, but basically tax anything that goes through their territory, whether that's listed goods or illicit goods," Gi-Toc says.

"There can be an extortion type of tax, where JNIM tell citizens they need to pay in return for protection."

The militants have also been known to set up blockades, at which people must pay to leave and enter the area, according to Ms Ochieng.

What about efforts to fight them?

France's armed forces were on the ground supporting the government in Mali for almost a decade - with over 4,000 troops stationed across the Sahel region fighting groups that went on to form JNIM, as well as Islamic State in the Greater Sahara.

While they had some initial success in 2013 and 2014, reclaiming territory from the militants and killing several senior commanders, this did not stop JNIM's growth after it was formed.

"Counterinsurgency efforts have failed so far because of this idea that JNIM can be beaten militarily, but it is only through negotiation that the group will end," Gi-Toc's analyst suggested.

In 2014, Sahelian countries banded together to form the G5 Sahel Task Force, a 5,000-strong group of international troops. However, over the past couple of years, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have withdrawn, undermining the task force's ability to tackle the insurgency.

Minusma, the UN peacekeeping force – while not a counter-insurgency effort – was also in Mali for a decade to support efforts, however it left the country at the end of 2024.

What impact have military coups had on JNIM?

A line graph showing the number of attacks 2017-2024, with the various coups marked. The number increases steadily until 2023 when it flattens out

Military coups took place in Mali in 2020 and 2021, Burkina Faso in 2022 and Niger in 2023.

Poor governance under the military juntas in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger subsequently has allowed militant groups like JNIM to flourish, according to analysts.

These juntas were swift to tell French troops to leave, replacing them with Russian support and a joint force formed by the three Sahelian countries.

Though Russian paramilitary group Wagner has withdrawn its troops from Mali entirely, Africa Corps, a Kremlin-controlled paramilitary group, will remain in place.

In Burkina Faso, a so-called "volunteer" army, launched in 2020 before the military takeover, is one strategy being used to fight militants. Junta leader Ibrahim Traoré has said he wants to recruit 50,000 fighters.

But experts say many of these volunteers are conscripted by force. Inadequate training means they often suffer heavy casualties. They are also often a target for JNIM attacks.

The military juntas in Burkina Faso and Mali have also been accused by human rights organisations of committing atrocities against civilians, particularly ethnic Fulanis. Human rights group say the government often conflates the Fulani community with Islamist armed groups, which has furthered hampered peace efforts.

Between January 2024 and March 2025, the military government and their Russian allies were responsible for 1,486 civilian casualties in Mali, according to Gi-Toc.

This extreme violence against civilians has generated anger towards the government, fuelling further recruitment for JNIM.

You may also be interested in:

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A video game on 'gold diggers' is fuelling a sexism debate in China

Qianfang Studio A screengrab from the game Emotional Anti-Fraud Simulator featuring six women, each in black dresses, surrounding a man in a orange-colored coat and brown pantsQianfang Studio
The game has been renamed following a backlash

"He's more obedient than a dog... If only more of these dumb ones come along," boasts a woman in a new video game that has fuelled a debate on sexism in China.

The players in the live-action Revenge on Gold Diggers are male protagonists lured into relationships by manipulative women who are after their money - how the man responds shapes the rest of the story.

It topped the gaming platform Steam's sales list within hours of its release in June but controversy quickly followed. Some slammed it for reinforcing insulting gender stereotypes, while supporters say the game cautions people about love scams.

So heated was the criticism that the game's creators quietly renamed it Emotional Anti-Fraud Simulator the next day.

But that wasn't enough to undo the damage. The game's lead director, Hong Kong filmmaker Mark Hu, has now been banned on several Chinese social media platforms.

The game's creators insist they never intended to "target women" - rather they wanted to facilitate "open dialogue about emotional boundaries and the grey zones in modern dating".

Xu Yikun, an artist who tried the game and found it deeply offensive, rejects that rationale. She accuses them of "a classic business model that thrives on generating content that sparks debate and divisions".

Critics like her say the very term "gold digger" reeks of misogyny.

"It's a label that's used, all too often, on women," Ms Xu says. "Sexist jokes and derogatory terms like these have found their way into our everyday language."

"If you have a rich boyfriend, you are called a gold digger. If you try to make yourself look pretty, you are called a gold digger... Sometimes the label is used on you merely for accepting a drink from someone," she adds.

Qianfang Studio A screengrab from the game Emotional Anti-Fraud Simulator shows a man and a woman having a conversation while seated at a bar, with two glasses of liquor in front of them. The man is dressed in a blue long-sleeved shirt while the woman has a black cardigan and golden earrings onQianfang Studio
"Want to know if a man loves you? See how much he spends," says one of the women in the video game

Some players, however, find the criticism overblown.

"The game isn't trying to say that all women are gold diggers... I don't find it targeting either gender," says 31-year-old Zhuang Mengsheng, who used a pseudonym to speak to the BBC. "Both women and men can be gold diggers."

And yet, in the game all the "gold diggers" are women. From a fresh-faced online influencer to a go-getting entrepreneur they are all shown scheming to get the men to lavish money and gifts on them.

"Want to know if a man loves you? See how much he spends," one of them says.

The game has divided even local media. A newspaper from the central Hubei province said the game was "labelling an entire gender as fraudsters".

But Beijing Youth Daily praised it for its "creativity", citing the financial impact of love scams: around 2bn yuan ($279m; £204m) in 2023, according to data from the National Anti-Fraud Centre.

"We need to put a stop to emotional fraud without delay," it said in an editorial.

Controversy aside, sales of the game have continued to soar. It is now among China's top ten titles for the PC platform, surpassing even Black Myth: Wukong which is reportedly the most successful Chinese game of all time.

"I don't get why people are upset about this. If you aren't a gold digger yourself, why should you feel attacked by this game?" says a 28-year-old man.

"I actually thought the game's creators are very bold. These issues [like emotional fraud] aren't widely discussed enough in China."

Getty Images Two young women sit across from each other engrossed in their smartphones at a tea shop on June 16, 2025 in Chongqing, China. Getty Images
Critics say the game's very premise is sexist because the "gold diggers" are all women

Some people online have suggested the game is inspired by the real-life story of a Chinese man, known as Fat Cat on the internet, who jumped to his death last year after a breakup.

His death sparked an intense discussion online, where the term "gold digger" was liberally used, with some accusing his ex-girlfriend of exploiting him, leading him to take his life. Police have dismissed these allegations.

Women who spoke to the BBC worry that the video game perpetuates problematic gender norms in China, where society believes women belong at home, while seeing men as the primary breadwinners.

So for women, marrying well has traditionally been perceived as more important than professional success.

Official rhetoric from the male-dominated Chinese Communist Party endorses this - President Xi Jinping has repeatedly called on women to embrace their roles as "good wives and mothers".

The government has also cracked down on a growing pool of activists demanding gender equality.

"I feel a game like that merely fans hostility between men and women," says one woman who did not want to be named, fearing hostility online.

"It casts women, once again, as the inferior gender who have to somehow find ways to please men to earn their livelihoods."

达赖喇嘛在流亡中构建的民主制度能否延续

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达赖喇嘛在流亡中构建的民主制度能否延续

MUJIB MASHAL, HARI KUMAR
过去一周,印度达兰萨拉的藏人在楚格拉康(又称达赖喇嘛寺庙群)附近跳起了“白星期舞”——这是一种藏族圆圈舞,每逢星期三表演,因为星期三被视为具有特殊文化意义。
过去一周,印度达兰萨拉的藏人在楚格拉康(又称达赖喇嘛寺庙群)附近跳起了“白星期舞”——这是一种藏族圆圈舞,每逢星期三表演,因为星期三被视为具有特殊文化意义。
20世纪50年代,当达赖喇嘛在逃离中国的迫害后开始建立流亡政府时,这位年轻的领袖将其成败寄托在一个长期令他着迷的理念上:民主。
这既是天性使然,也是一种战略考量。
在访问邻国印度时,他被这个新兴共和国的公开辩论文化所吸引。同时他也意识到,将过多的权力集中在一个人身上、令他同时成为西藏的精神和政治领袖是不妥的。
因此,几十年来,他逐步将自己的权力下放给位于印度喜马拉雅山区的民选议会,并于2011年彻底退出政治角色。据身边的高级僧侣和官员说,他相信,建立一个不依赖于单一领袖的稳固体制将有助于流亡藏人在争取自由与自治的努力中抵御北京的打压。
周三,在达兰萨拉的本地茶摊前消磨时光。
周三,在达兰萨拉的本地茶摊前消磨时光。
“国王和宗教人物的统治已经过时了,”达赖喇嘛在他放弃政治角色的那一年说道——这位在上周日迎来了90岁生日的精神领袖表示,“我们必须跟随自由世界的潮流,那就是民主。”
在刚刚过去的一周,达赖喇嘛似乎否定了他多年来提出的一些非常规想法,这些想法原本是为了防止中国政府在他去世后干预寻找继任者的过程。他重申将遵循传统做法,同时明确表示,只有他的办公室对这一过程拥有唯一权威。
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分析人士表示,这几乎注定将引发一场争议——很可能会出现两个达赖喇嘛:一个由北京方面推举,另一个则由达赖喇嘛流亡办公室所承认。
达赖喇嘛所建立并巩固的制度化民主正是为这一时刻而准备的。
自2011年以来,约有14万名藏人流亡者(其中一半居住在印度)参加印度各地难民定居点以及全球各地的小型侨居社区举行的直接投票,选举出他们的司政。
司政领导着一个资源紧张的行政机构,负责管理学校、诊所、寺院,甚至包括农业合作社和养老院。
2024年,位于印度拜拉库比的措杰康萨医院。
2024年,位于印度拜拉库比的措杰康萨医院。
2024年,学生在拜拉库比一所小学学习弹奏藏族琵琶。
2024年,学生在拜拉库比一所小学学习弹奏藏族琵琶。
在达赖喇嘛为在海外保存藏人传统、抵御中国影响而进行的现代化努力中,这个历经半个多世纪构建起来的民主制度或许是最显著的遗产。
“即使在达赖喇嘛圆寂与其转世灵童被发现并培养期间的过渡时期,政治治理体制、抗争以及同样的民主制度也将继续存在,”藏人行政中央司政边巴次仁本周表示。
虽然这位精神领袖努力打造一个有韧性的行政机构,但中国可能会利用对印度和美国的影响力——这两个国家都是达赖喇嘛七十多年事业最坚定的支持者——试图削弱他们的支持。
今年,随着特朗普政府进行全球项目裁减,相关援助被冻结,流亡政府的脆弱性变得明显。流亡政府每年约4000万美元的预算中大约四分之一来自美国。
2024年,藏人流亡政府司政彭巴次仁在达兰萨拉的办公室。
2024年,藏人流亡政府司政彭巴次仁在达兰萨拉的办公室。
周六,达赖喇嘛抵达达兰萨拉的主要藏传佛教寺庙,人们在那里为他的长寿祈福。
周六,达赖喇嘛抵达达兰萨拉的主要藏传佛教寺庙,人们在那里为他的长寿祈福。
边巴次仁表示,流亡政府最近成功说服美国政府解冻了大部分资金。
“这确实影响了我们既定工作的推进——我们失去了六个月的时间,”他说。
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印度也给自己留了余地,近年来在这一问题上处理得相当谨慎,以避免与中国的关系进一步恶化。
新德里正式承认西藏是中国的一部分。但在达赖喇嘛就其转世问题发表声明后,一位印度部长表示支持这一立场。
这位部长随后澄清说,他是在以一名佛教徒而不是印度政府代表的身份表态。印度外交部也发表声明称,印度在此问题上并未持立场。
在走访印度两个最大的藏人定居点——达兰萨拉(流亡政府所在地)和南部的拜拉库比时,人们对达赖喇嘛圆寂后过渡时期的焦虑情绪显而易见。
流亡藏人议会议员丹增晋达表示,他一直呼吁对可能存在的脆弱环节进行深入分析。
“在达赖喇嘛去世的情况下,我们对未来几年准备得有多充分?”他在9月达兰萨拉一次议会会议间隙说道,“如果你能提前预见这一不可避免的局面,至少你可以提前做好准备。”
当年,达赖喇嘛开始流亡几个月后,议会曾在一棵树下举行首次会议,如今这个拥有众多派别和团体的议会已经走过了漫长的历程。
2024年,在达兰萨拉出席年度会议的流亡藏人议员。
2024年,在达兰萨拉出席年度会议的流亡藏人议员。
去年议会会议第一天,流亡藏人议会的议员。
去年议会会议第一天,流亡藏人议会的议员。
议会由45名成员组成,每年召开两次会议——春季审议预算,秋季听取政府工作报告。除近十几位常务委员会负责人留驻达兰萨拉外,大多数议员在一年中的其他时间都有各自的工作,有些成员甚至来自欧洲和北美。
9月的会议期间,当议员们陆续走进这个小礼堂时,会先向一幅达赖喇嘛的大幅画像鞠躬,然后才入座参加当天的议程。达赖的身影也在整个辩论中占据着重要地位。
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边巴次仁正在汇报政府在文化和宗教活动方面的工作绩效。他连续念了将近半个小时,一页接一页,许多议员靠着面前的茶水努力保持清醒。
在外面一顶搭在篮球场上的帐篷下,几百名难民坐在红色塑料椅上,密切关注着会议进程。他们认同某位发言者的观点时会欢呼并鼓掌。
流亡议会议长堪布索南登贝在去年秋天的会议上发言。
流亡议会议长堪布索南登贝在去年秋天的会议上发言。
观看9月议会会议第一天的现场直播。
观看9月议会会议第一天的现场直播。
在问答环节,一位反对派议员试图抛出一个尖锐的问题。她问道,达赖喇嘛刚刚在纽约接受了膝盖置换手术,为什么司政要打扰他休息,亲自去探望他?
帐篷下的群众发出嘘声和嘲笑声。这是一次卑劣的攻击。
边巴次仁和其他官员表示,虽然政府专注于提供各项服务,但其总体使命依然是保护藏族文化、语言和传统。在他们的故土,这些正被中国共产党逐步消灭。
随着藏人难民进入第三代,分散在大约二十多个国家,这项工作变得更加艰难。与故土的联系日益减弱,而作为他们团结象征的达赖喇嘛随着年事渐高,也减少了旅行和公开活动。
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“在印度,藏人社区规模庞大,因此我们在保护文化方面没有遇到什么问题,”流亡政府教育秘书吉美南杰说道。“但在西方,藏人分散,因此面临一些挑战。不过,我们在西方所有藏人社区都开设了周末学校。”
迁徙和人口结构变化带来的挑战在印度南部卡纳塔克邦的拜拉库比藏人定居点表现得尤为明显。
定居点中居住着超过5000名居民,以及数千名在寺院中修行的僧侣。流亡政府派驻了两位高级定居官,带领近200名工作人员负责各项服务的落实。难民们经营商店和餐馆,并常常雇用当地劳工。
“我们的死亡率高于出生率。人们还在不断迁出印度,”55岁的医院管理人员索朗·悠杰说。“你走进一户人家,看到的只有老人。”
达兰萨拉的藏人国家烈士纪念碑。
达兰萨拉的藏人国家烈士纪念碑。
2024年,印度拜拉库比的一所藏族学校。
2024年,印度拜拉库比的一所藏族学校。
在桑布扎藏族小学,课堂里人很少。该校从一年级到五年级共有49名学生。学生们学习藏语、英语、环境科学、数学和艺术。
学校校长、34岁的谢拉布·旺姆表示,除了教授学生语言和文化外,学校还会播放一些视频,以提醒他们,他们自己是如何成为难民的。
广告
和大多数流亡藏人一样,她出生在西藏以外,从未见过自己的故乡。
“我们通过舞蹈和歌曲教孩子们认识西藏的河流,”她说。“我们也通过歌舞教他们,相信美好的日子终将到来,我们有一天会回到故乡。”
上周,在达兰萨拉表演藏族舞蹈“白星期舞”。
上周,在达兰萨拉表演藏族舞蹈“白星期舞”。

摄影:Atul Loke

Mujib Mashal自达兰萨拉、Hari Kumar自达兰萨拉和拜拉库比报道。

Mujib Mashal是《纽约时报》南亚分社社长,负责领导时报对印度及其周边不同地区的报道,包括孟加拉国、斯里兰卡、尼泊尔和不丹。

Hari Kumar负责报道印度新闻,常驻新德里。他从事记者工作已超过20年。

翻译:纽约时报中文网

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大而美法案,谁是赢家?

《大而美法案》,是将开启特朗普的“美国优先”新篇章,还是走向另外的新剧情?

南方周末科创力研究中心

责任编辑:黄金萍

7月4日,美国总统特朗普签署《大而美法案》(One Big Beautiful Bill Act),法案由此正式生效。

《大而美法案》是特朗普2025年年初重返白宫后推出的标志性举措,是特朗普政府对其第一任期减税政策的延续和升级,同时也是对拜登政府“绿色新政”等的推翻与回调。法案核心内容就是减税。

根据美国国会预算办公室(CBO)测算,该法案将在未来十年内带来超过4.45万亿美元的支出成本;同时使美国的债务增加超过3.9万亿美元。

因此也引发了多个党派就这一法案从修改、投票到通过进行了漫长的拉锯战。

大而美法案》推出多项税收减免政策,包括让加班工资和小费收入都免于纳税,大幅提高遗产税和赠予税免税额;同时,在削减补助这块也毫不手软。法案规定,将在医疗补助领域削减近万亿美元资金,同时提高对领取医疗补助人员的门槛和标准。

此外,该法案还对拜登政府时期的“绿色补贴”进行大幅削减。如仅限于2027年年底前投产的风电和太阳能项目可继续享受30%的税收抵免政策。从2026年起,获得税收抵免的项目还需满足本土制造组件的采购标准;若设备中含有来自“被限制国家”(如中国)的材料,将需缴纳额外税金。

电动车行业也因该法案遭受重创。2025年9月30日之后,消费者购买或租赁新电动汽车将不再享受原有的最高7500美元联邦税收抵免,二手电动车的4000美元补贴也同步取消。

反观半导体和传统能源行业,则迎来利好。法案提出,在美国本土新建工厂的芯片制造商,其享有的税收抵免比例将从25%提升至35%。符合条件的新建项目需在2026年年底前动工。与此同时,法案明确恢复拍卖阿拉斯加、墨西哥湾和西部州的公共土地和水域的油气开采权,降低租赁费率,并扩大碳捕集及再利用(CCUS)项目的税收补贴。

在全球清洁能源加速转型的大背景下,《大而美法案》就像一个“逆行者”,支持加大油气开采,削减清洁能源投入,与时代发展背道而驰;同时,它又支持AI和核电项目,支持火星计划、太空探索等。

此前的6月30日,美国企业家、美国政府效率部(DOGE)前负责人埃隆·马斯克曾猛批《大而美法案》,并表示如果法案通过,第二天就会成立“美国党”。他在辞去政府职务之后,曾在社交媒体X上用投票的方式表达过这一想法。

果然,法案通过的第二天(7月5日),马斯克就在社交媒体上称,“美国党于当日成立,以还给人民自由。”

《大而美法案》,是将开启特朗普的“美国优先”新篇章,还是走向另外的新剧情?

数字智能

01 摩尔线程、沐曦股份IPO获受理

6月30日,摩尔线程沐曦股份两家国产GPU厂商递交的科创板IPO获得受理。两家企业均成立于2020年。

摩尔线程在中国率先实现了单芯片架构,同时支持AI计算加速、图形渲染、物理仿真和科学计算、超高清视频编解码。本次募资约80亿元,用于新一代AI训推一体芯片研发项目、图形芯片研发项目、AI SoC芯片研发项目等。

沐曦股份聚焦与AI计算相关GPU。募资约39.04亿元,用于投资“新型高性能通用GPU研发及产业化项目”“新一代人工智能推理GPU研发及产业化项目”和“面向

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

欧美的大学毕业生也找不到工作了丨刊中人

(本文首发于南方人物周刊)

南方人物周刊记者 杨楠

责任编辑:李屾淼

《经济学人》6月21日

失意的高学历精英

几十年来,通往美好生活的道路是明确的:上大学,找到一份好工作,然后看着钱滚滚而来。然而,如今勤奋的年轻人似乎比以前的选择更少了。在西方国家,年轻毕业生正在失去他们的特权地位。就业数据暗示了这种变化。美国22至27岁的拥有学士学位或更高学位的人群,其失业率历史上首次高于全国平均水平。最近毕业生失业率上升是由那些首次寻找工作的人推动的。为什么高学历精英会失去光环?也许大学的大量扩张降低了标准。如果象牙塔招收了能力较差的申请者,然后又没有好好教导他们,雇主可能会逐渐认为普通毕业生与普通非毕业生之间的差异越来越小。匹兹堡州立大学的苏

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校对:赵立宇

欢迎分享、点赞与留言。本作品的版权为南方周末或相关著作权人所有,任何第三方未经授权,不得转载,否则即为侵权。

金磚國家批單邊關稅 川普揚言加徵10%

null 周子馨
2025-07-07T05:42:46.916Z
金磚國家領袖大合照,東道主、巴西總統盧拉站在中間

(德國之聲中文網)美國總統川普週日(7月6日)晚間在社群平台「真實社群」(Truth Social)上發文稱,「任何與金磚國家(BRICS)的反美政策同一陣線的國家,都將被額外徵收10%的關稅。這項政策將不會有任何例外」。

川普並未進一步說明所謂的「反美政策」指的是什麼。川普發布該貼文前,金磚國家在聯合聲明中稱,成員國對「關稅上升表示嚴重關切」,並指出這些措施「不符合世界貿易組織(WTO)規則」。

金磚國家強調,這些限制措施「威脅全球貿易、破壞全球供應鏈並帶來不確定性」,呼籲恢復世界貿易組織解決貿易爭端的功能。雖然內容直接並未指名美國,但顯然是對著川普政府喊話。

聲明中也提及今年6月伊朗與以色列的衝突,並指針對伊朗民用及「和平核設施」的攻擊違反國際法。這份31頁的聯合聲明僅在一處提及烏克蘭的名稱,並強烈譴責了烏克蘭5月底對俄羅斯基礎設施及平民的攻擊,但並未批評入侵烏克蘭的俄羅斯。

此外,身為東道主的巴西總統盧拉(Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva)在金磚峰會的開幕式上,抨擊了北約國家此前宣布將在2035年前大幅增加國防開支的計畫,稱「投資戰爭總是比投資和平來得容易」,形容國際法已變成了「一紙空文」,這個立場隨後也反映在金磚國家的聯合聲明中。

中國國家主席習近平並未親自出席今年的金磚峰會,而是派總理李強參加。李強稱金磚國家是「全球南方第一方陣」,「應堅持獨立自主,展現責任擔當,在凝聚共識、匯聚合力方面拿出更大作為,努力成為推動全球治理變革的先鋒力量」。他還說,在當前全球保護主義抬頭之際,金磚國家應團結維護多邊主義。

俄羅斯總統普丁亦未實際到場,僅透過視訊參與。普丁在演說中主張,新崛起的經濟體應更積極使用本國貨幣展開貿易往來,並呼籲金磚各國之間增加雙向投資、建立金磚國家的投資平台和結算體系。

俄羅斯總統普丁透過視訊出席里約金磚峰會

川普關稅讓金磚成員自顧不暇?

雖然盧拉週日呼籲要改革由西方主導的全球機構,但巴西如今正極力避免成為川普政府提高關稅的目標。

里約熱內盧聯邦農業大學的教授加西亞(Ana Garcia)表示,在川普重返白宮後,巴西決定將金磚峰會的焦點放在較不具爭議的議題上,例如促進成員國之間的貿易關係和全球衛生。

加西亞指出:「巴西希望儘量減少損害,並避免吸引川普政府的注意,以防對巴西經濟造成任何風險。」

川普曾威脅,若金磚國家採取任何試圖削弱、取代美元的措施,將對該組織徵收100%的關稅。去年在俄羅斯喀山舉辦的金磚峰會上,俄國曾提議發展出一個替代體系來取代由美國主導的支付系統,以繞過西方對莫斯科實施的經濟制裁。

然而,當前包含中國、巴西在內的許多國家都正在與美國進行貿易談判,對於可能激怒川普的行動也抱持謹慎態度,因此在面對來自美國的一系列地緣政治和經濟挑戰時,金磚國家顯然未能發出一致的回應。

舉例而言,雖然金磚峰會發布了一份措辭強烈的聯合聲明,表達了對和平用途的核設施遭到襲擊的「嚴重關切」,但與伊朗簽署合作協議的金磚成員國——俄羅斯和中國,當時並沒有為德黑蘭採取任何實質性作為。

在川普的對等關稅問題上,儘管金磚國家佔全球人口的40%,且按照購買力平價(PPP)計算,佔全球GDP的比例超過35%,但仍未能凝聚起來共同與美方談判。

印度智庫觀察家研究基金會(ORF)專家潘特(Harsh V. Pant)指出:「整體而言,這些國家接觸川普政府的方式非常務實,不是在一些大原則上與之對抗。」

潘特補充道:「如果看(金磚成員國)言辭和實際情況,會發現目前俄羅斯和中國更傾向與川普達成雙邊協議。俄羅斯與川普正就歐洲安全架構展開合作,中國則尋求與美國達成貿易協議。印度也有意與美國簽署雙邊貿易協定。」因此當前並無法看到太多金磚國家集結對抗美國的案例,「因為它們都在推動雙邊協議」。

金磚影響力取代西方聯盟?

由於七大工業國(G7)和二十國集團(G20)等主要經濟體論壇也存在內部分歧,加上川普奉行「美國優先」政策,金磚國家的擴展看似也為外交協調開辟了新的空間。

不願具名的巴西外交官向路透社表示,「部分國家留下的空白幾乎瞬間被金磚國家補上」,他認為,儘管權力依然集中在G7,「但它已不再擁有曾經的主導地位」。

盧拉週日在開幕演說上將金磚國家與冷戰時期的「不結盟運動」作類比,當時多個開發中國家採中立主義,拒絕加入兩極化的西方世界與共產集團任何一方。

盧拉對與會領袖表示:「金磚國家是『不結盟運動』的繼承者......在多邊主義受到攻擊時,我們的自主性再次受到挑戰。」

金磚國家至今仍難以取代由西方主導的多邊機構。就根本而言,金磚國家更像是一個鬆散的集團,而不是像歐盟這樣的區域聯盟,或類似北約的軍事聯盟。隨著成員國增多,想達成共識變得更加複雜。

金磚國家提出最野心勃勃的計畫就是在2015年成立的新開發銀行(NDB),旨在作為世界銀行等機構的替代方案。新開發銀行在資助開發中國家的基礎設施上取得了一些成功,並使用當地貨幣融資,但由於規模較小,不太可能挑戰世界銀行和全球金融體系的地位。

金磚國家在2015年成立新開發銀行(NDB)

金磚內部分歧影響團結

金磚國家內部的區域衝突分歧也依然存在。印度智庫學者潘特指出:「問題在於,現在俄羅斯在挑戰其他國家的主權;中國也在挑戰印度及其他一些國家在海洋空間的主權。」

中國與印度之間有邊界爭端,且中國近期在巴基斯坦及印度的衝突中選擇支持巴基斯坦。潘特表示:「印度和中國之間有相當大的分歧......中國仍然對印度崛起及其在全球秩序中的角色感到不安。」

儘管如此,專家仍認為本屆金磚峰會對於成員國來說依然相當重要,尤其在川普關稅引發全球貿易不穩定的背景之下。聖保羅大學金磚國家研究小組研究員沙伊德爾(Bruce Scheidl)稱,這次峰會為新興國家提供了最佳的機會,有助於它們尋求替代方案,並實現經濟夥伴關係多元化。

DW記者Wesley Rahn對此文有貢獻

DW中文有Instagram!歡迎搜尋dw.chinese,看更多深入淺出的圖文與影音報導。

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中俄朝伊组成新“轴心”?以伊冲突说明言之尚早

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中俄朝伊组成新“轴心”?以伊冲突说明言之尚早

黄安伟
上个月,在以色列对德黑兰的袭击中,一辆救护车被焚毁。尽管表面上显得团结,俄罗斯、中国和朝鲜在伊朗与以色列的战争期间,以及美国轰炸伊朗核设施后,并未迅速援助伊朗。
上个月,在以色列对德黑兰的袭击中,一辆救护车被焚毁。尽管表面上显得团结,俄罗斯、中国和朝鲜在伊朗与以色列的战争期间,以及美国轰炸伊朗核设施后,并未迅速援助伊朗。 Arash Khamooshi for The New York Times
当俄罗斯在对乌克兰的战争中争取到中国、朝鲜和伊朗的援助时,一些美国和英国官员开始谈论一个新的“轴心”。
这四个国家似乎因愤怒、威权体制以及对美国及其盟友的敌意而走到了一起。
但伊朗向俄罗斯出售无人机和弹道导弹用于战争、向中国出口石油等行为在关键时刻并未带来回报,这引发了人们对这几个国家之间团结程度的质疑。
在伊朗与以色列交战或美国轰炸伊朗核设施时,其他三国都没有迅速提供援助。中国和俄罗斯——这四国中最强大的两个国家——只是象征性地谴责了美方行动,并未采取任何实际行动来支持伊朗。
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“这场冲突的现实是,俄罗斯和中国并没有赶去帮助伊朗,”卡内基俄罗斯欧亚中心主任亚历山大·加布耶夫说道。“这恰恰暴露了整个‘轴心’概念的局限性。”
“他们每一个国家都自谋私利,并不想卷入他国的战争,”他补充道。“这些战争本质上非常不同,涉及的冲突也各不相同。这些国家也不像美国及其盟友那样共享相同的体系、价值观和制度纽带。”
这四个国家都实行威权体制,并对美国怀有敌意,而美国历来致力于削弱这些国家的力量并质疑它们的合法性。这些国家之间也存在一定的战略联系,并通过军事技术共享与贸易往来构建战略协作关系,以突破美国主导的经济制裁。
“是的,中国、朝鲜、伊朗和俄罗斯之间可能确实存在一些非常有限的协调——也就是说,他们彼此之间有沟通,并在对美国或西方的不满方面有一些共同点,”曾任国务院官员的美国天主教大学历史学教授、乌克兰战争专著作者迈克尔·金梅奇表示。
“但这并没有太大意义,”他补充道。
在这几个国家中,只有俄罗斯和朝鲜签有共同防御条约。除了向俄罗斯提供武器外,朝鲜还派出了超过1.4万名士兵,与俄军共同对抗乌克兰部队。
俄朝纽带根植于共同的共产主义历史,以及1950年至1953年在朝鲜半岛进行的反美战争,当时毛泽东领导下的中国也参与了这场战争。
今年4月,俄罗斯总统普京与朝鲜领导人金正恩举行会晤的新闻画面。除了向俄罗斯提供武器外,朝鲜还派遣了超过1.4万名士兵协助俄军对抗乌克兰部队。
今年4月,俄罗斯总统普京与朝鲜领导人金正恩举行会晤的新闻画面。除了向俄罗斯提供武器外,朝鲜还派遣了超过1.4万名士兵协助俄军对抗乌克兰部队。 Ahn Young-Joon/Associated Press
这段历史也解释了中俄之间的紧密关系,这是美国政府乃至世界许多国家都极为关注的一个关键双边关系。两国领导人多年来建立了私谊,而就在俄罗斯于2022年2月全面入侵乌克兰前几周,两国政府还宣布建立“无止境”的伙伴关系。
中国仍然珍视特朗普执政前美国与民主国家推动的一些国际规范,并且在战争期间避免向俄罗斯提供大量军事援助。但美国官员表示,中国确实帮助俄罗斯重建了国防工业基础,并且仍然是俄罗斯石油的最大买家之一。
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而俄罗斯和伊朗之间从未建立过那种关系。
其中一个问题是宗教。伊朗是一个神权国家,其执政模式令其他三个世俗的、传统上信奉社会主义的国家心存疑虑。俄罗斯和中国都对伊斯兰原教旨主义的传播感到警惕。中国领导人习近平对待即便是温和的穆斯林也采取了极端措施,在中国西北部的维吾尔族和哈萨克族中压制一些伊斯兰教的习俗
“除了关于‘多极世界秩序’的模糊套话之外,他们之间并没有共同的价值观,反而存在不少矛盾,”约翰霍普金斯大学冷战历史学家谢尔盖·拉德琴科说道。“普京已经表明了他们的矛盾所在:他与伊朗邻国——包括以色列和阿拉伯国家——的关系对他来说太重要了,不愿为俄伊友谊牺牲这些关系。”
“他是个冷酷的操纵者,只关心自己的战略利益,必要时抛弃伊朗也在所不惜,”拉德琴科还表示。“可以肯定的是,德黑兰对此心知肚明。”
普京与特朗普于6月14日就以色列与伊朗的战争进行了交谈,普京提出愿意进行调解。随后,普京公开表示,俄罗斯曾帮助伊朗建造了一座核电站,并正在协助建设另外两个反应堆。
尽管他谈及俄罗斯与伊朗的伙伴关系,但他也暗示不愿意承诺在战争中援助伊朗。
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6月23日,也就是美国空袭伊朗的第二天,伊朗外长阿巴斯·阿拉格奇在莫斯科与普京会晤,但俄罗斯方面对会议纪要除了一些惯常的表示支持的外交辞令外,几乎没有更多实质内容。当天,伊朗对位于卡塔尔的美国军事基地进行了象征性导弹袭击,随后同意与以色列和美国达成停火协议。
中国在这场危机爆发时也采取了观望的态度。
俄罗斯国家媒体发布的一张照片显示,美国袭击伊朗核设施次日,普京会见了伊朗外长阿巴斯·阿拉格奇。
俄罗斯国家媒体发布的一张照片显示,美国袭击伊朗核设施次日,普京会见了伊朗外长阿巴斯·阿拉格奇。 Alexander Kazakov/Sputnik
习近平表示,各方“应努力实现冲突降级”。当特朗普下令对伊朗发动美国空袭时,中国强烈谴责了这次攻击,并指责美国违反了《联合国宪章》。
但和俄罗斯一样,中国并未向伊朗提供实质性支持。尽管中国有时会对该地区的冲突表明官方立场,但它也常常试图保持模糊,以平衡各方利益。多年来,中国一直在加强与沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯联合酋长国的关系,而这两个国家是伊朗的竞争对手。沙特阿拉伯和伊朗一样,是中国主要的石油出口国。
一场持续的区域战争将危及中国从这些国家的石油进口,因此中国寻求平息敌对行动,而非助长冲突。
中国作为中东地区中立调解者的目标在2023年3月显现出来,当时它促成了伊朗与沙特阿拉伯之间的外交和解。
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中国也借此机会深化了与伊朗在该地区的合作伙伴——当时由巴沙尔·阿萨德统治的叙利亚的关系。
那是中国在中东影响力达到巅峰的时期,那不勒斯东方大学教授、曾在北京大学任教并研究中国外交政策的恩里科·法尔德拉说道。如今,随着伊朗因战争而实力受损,阿萨德被叛军推翻,中国在伊朗与以色列的冲突中正谨慎行事,观察该地区哪些政府、政治团体或民兵势力将成为最有影响力的力量。
“虽然北京有促进停火和战后稳定的既得利益,但其目前低调的外交态度表明,中国对自身影响局势的能力信心有限,”法尔德拉在短信中表示。“正如对阿萨德下台后的叙利亚一样,中国可能再次采取观望策略,谨慎调整立场,以便在迅速变化的战后局势中挽回影响力。”
中国官员也清楚,尽管中伊关系偶有起伏,但伊朗和朝鲜一样,是一个孤立的国家,仍然需要中国。
6月26日,在伊朗同意与以色列停火后,伊朗国防部长阿齐兹·纳西尔扎德自战争爆发以来首次出访,前往中国青岛,参加由中国和俄罗斯主导的欧亚安全组织——上海合作组织的会议。

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Trump threatens extra 10% tariff on nations that side with Brics

Getty Images US President Donald Trump claps as he arrives to speak at the Salute to America Celebration at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines on 3 July, 2025. Getty Images

US President Donald Trump says countries that side with the polices of the Brics alliance that go against US interests will be hit with an extra 10% tariff.

"Any country aligning themselves with the Anti-American policies of BRICS, will be charged an ADDITIONAL 10% tariff. There will be no exceptions to this policy," Trump posted on his Truth Social platform on Sunday.

His comments came after Brics members criticised his tariff policies as well as proposing reforms to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and how major currencies are valued.

Trump has long criticised Brics - an alliance designed to boost member nations' standing on the international stage to challenge the US and Western Europe.

Last year, the list of Brics members expanded beyond Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to include Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

The bloc is said to represent more than half of the world's population.

Brics leaders, who started a meeting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil this weekend, have called for reforms to global institutions and positioned the alliance as a platform for diplomacy amid escalating trade conflicts and geopolitical tensions.

The Papers: 'PM facing fresh revolt' and 'dental deserts'

The Times front page with Sir Keir Starmer "facing fresh revolt" over the special educational needs and disabilities (Send) shake-up in schools. The Times also has the Texas summer camp disaster, an "unimaginable tragedy" on its front page.
The Times and the Guardian lead with Sir Keir Starmer "facing fresh revolt" as the Times puts it, over the special educational needs and disabilities (Send) shake-up in schools. The Times also has the Texas summer camp disaster - which it calls an "unimaginable tragedy" - on its front page.
The Guardian's front page with stories on possible new doctors' strikes, and the exhaustion faced by Palestinians in Gaza as ceasefire negotiations continue.
The Guardian's front page also includes stories on possible new doctors' strikes, and the exhaustion faced by Palestinians in Gaza as ceasefire negotiations continue.
The Daily Telegraph front page, with Labour is "willing to explore" a wealth tax  above a story on the special needs review.
Labour is "willing to explore" a wealth tax, the Daily Telegraph reports, above its own story on the Send review.
The i front page with Labour promising to avert a "water crisis", reporting that the UK "was 10 years off from turning off the taps".
The i leads on Labour promising to avert a "water crisis", reporting that the UK "was 10 years off from turning off the taps".
The FT front page with sa story on China rerouting exports via South-East Asia as it seeks to avoid Trump's tariffs.
China is rerouting exports via south-east Asia as it seeks to avoid Trump's tariffs, the FT reports.
The Daily Mirror front page with a special report on "dental deserts" as it launches a campaign called "Dentists for All".
The Daily Mirror carries a special report on "dental deserts" as it launches a campaign called "Dentists for All". "Data from 700,000 participants in last year's GP Patient Survey showed it is hardest to get an NHS dentist appointment in South West England," it reports, with Devon being highlighted as one of the country's worst dentistry deserts.
Metro's front page with a story on the Metropolitan police chief calling for a policing shake-up that would see 43 county forces turned into 12-15 mega-forces.
Metro's front page focuses on the Metropolitan Police chief Mark Rowley calling for a policing shake-up that would see 43 county forces turned into 12-15 mega-forces.
The Daily Express front page with a report that "Campaigners have warned Sir Keir Starmer that a stealth tax raid on the state pension would be an 'insult' to older people."
The Daily Express reports that "Campaigners have warned Sir Keir Starmer that a stealth tax raid on the state pension would be an 'insult' to older people."
The Sun front page with a story on the BBC's new Match of the Day pundit, Wayne Rooney, and his £800,000 two-year deal.
The Sun leads with the BBC's new Match of the Day pundit, Wayne Rooney, and his £800,000 two-year deal.
The Daily Mail's front page with the headline "Top police chiefs: smell of cannabis is a 'sign of crime'."
The Daily Mail's top story is on senior officers saying that the smell of cannabis can make them feel "unsafe", under the headline "Top police chiefs: smell of cannabis is a 'sign of crime'."
The Daily Star has a summer front page, complete with a sunglasses and sombrero-wearing seagull, and a topless man in swimming shorts. "Britain hotter than Delhi", it reports.
The Daily Star has a summer-focused front page, complete with a sunglasses and sombrero-wearing seagull, and a topless man in swimming shorts. "Britain hotter than Delhi", it reports.
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South African Police’s Frequent Use of Torture Echoes Apartheid’s Brutality

A government led by freedom fighters who helped to liberate the country more than 30 years ago is now overseeing a police force accused of staggering abuses.

© Marco Longari/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

A police raid in Pretoria, South Africa in 2017. South Africa has among the world’s highest murder rates and tackling runaway crime has become an intractable challenge.

美财长:若未达贸易协议 新关税将于8月生效

德正
2025-07-05T09:26:50.683Z
美国财长贝森特7月7日表示,接下来几天约有100个国家会收到特朗普的关税通知信。

(德国之声中文网) 美国总统特朗普设下的90天关税谈判期限即将于7月9日到期。美国财政部长贝森特(Scott Bessent)周日(7月6日)接受美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)访问时说,未能跟美国达成协议的贸易伙伴将于8月1日起承受更高的关税。

贝森特称,这并不代表美国对实施对等关税设定新的期限,“我们只是说,到时候就会这样做(实施关税),如果你想加快(谈判)进展,尽管去做,如果你想重回旧的税率,那也是你的选择”。

据贝森特说法,大约有100个跟美国较少贸易往来的国家会收到特朗普的信函,内容是向对方告知将面临的关税。他称有些国家“根本都没有联络过美国”,“如果你不推动进展,那8月1日就会自食其果,重新回到4月2日的关税水准”。 4月初,特朗普宣布对几乎所有的贸易伙伴施加10%的基本税率,并威胁课征更高的对等关税,但后来暂缓实施。

特朗普上周五(4日)曾透露他签署了一些信函,“大概有12封”将于周一(7日)寄出。特朗普说,信上会这样写:“听着,我们知道我们存在一定的逆差,或者在某些情况下存在顺差,但数额不大。这就是你们在美国开展业务需要支付的费用。”

贝森特6日另外指出,针对美国主要贸易伙伴的税率,应不至于高达特朗普先前曾暗示的70%。特朗普随后称,“可能是12%,或是15%”。

他还表示,接下来几天会有多项“重大宣布”,但并未透露这包含哪些国家。他以欧盟为例,称美国在关税谈判时“施加最大的压力”,促使对方更积极与美国协商,如今已有显著进展。

至今为止,美国仅与英国越南达成贸易协议;跟中国则签署了贸易协议“框架”。印度、欧盟持续跟美国谈判,美国官员近期也表示跟这两方协商都有进展;日本此前因进口美国汽车及稻米与特朗普政府谈判陷入僵局,日方官员曾强调不会为了达成协议而牺牲农民利益。

关税威胁:从10%到70%的冲击

此前在周四(7月3日),特朗普已预告将通过信函通知贸易伙伴其面临的惩罚性关税,并透露关税税率将在10%至70%之间。目前,欧盟与美国之间的关税争议仍未达成任何协议。

特朗普政府系统性地利用关税作为杠杆,试图迫使其他国家在其他领域做出让步。今年4月初,美国曾对多个国家征收高额附加关税,但随后在90天内将大部分国家的关税降至10%,以便进行谈判。

欧盟的关税豁免期限将于7月9日到期,而其他许多国家的期限更早,在7月8日便告截止。受影响的国家目前正竭力与美国达成协议,以避免更高的关税。美国官员曾暗示,未来几天可能会宣布多项贸易协议。

相关图集:特朗普关税战2.0时间线梳理

2025年2月1日 |对墨、加、中加征关税:特朗普上任后首次大规模加征关税:自2月1日开始对美国三大贸易伙伴加拿大、墨西哥和中国加征关税。特朗普宣布对邻国加拿大和墨西哥进口商品加征25%的关税,指责两国未能阻止非法移民进入美国;对来自中国商品加征10%的关税,指责中国在芬太尼生产中扮演重要角色。
2025年2月10日 |加征钢铝关税 无例外豁免:特朗普2月10日签署行政令,对所有进口至美国的钢铁和铝制品加征25%关税,并取消加拿大、墨西哥和巴西等钢铝主要供应国的免税额度。
2025年3月26日|宣布对进口汽车全面征税:特朗普于3月26日宣布,自4月3日起,对所有进口汽车与轻型卡车征收25%的关税。全球汽车供应链受冲击,日韩汽车产业首当其冲。受此消息影响,丰田、本田、现代和起亚等汽车制造商股价大幅下跌,总市值蒸发约165亿美元。
2025年4月2日|宣布“对等关税”:特朗普4月2日在白宫玫瑰花园举行“让美国再次富有”(Make America Wealthy Again)记者会,宣布“对等关税”措施。美国对大多数国家征收10%的基准关税,但针对特定国家征收更高税额。中国、欧盟和越南分别面临34%、20%和46%的关税; 日本、韩国、印度、柬埔寨和台湾,分别受到24%、25%、26%、49%和32%进口关税的打击。
2025年4月9日|暂缓关税90日 中国除外:特朗普4月9日在大规模“对等关税”上路不到24小时后出现政策大转弯,宣布暂缓征收“对等关税”90天,在此期间,税率将统一降至10%的基准关税。但中国被排除在暂缓名单之外,不仅如此,还将对中国的关税加码至145%,其中包含了美国此前指控中国打击芬太尼不力而征收的20%关税。
2025年5月4日 | 对美国境外制作的电影征收100%关税:特朗普5月4日以“国安威胁”为由,宣布将对非美国制作的电影征收100%关税,理由是要“拯救美国电影业”。
2025年5月12日|中美关税战90天“停火协议”:美中高层在瑞士进行谈判后于5月12日发布联合声明,就90天的“暂停期”达成协议:美国对大多数中国输美商品加征145%的关税将在5月14日前下调至30%,30%关税里包括针对芬太尼问题额外施加的20%惩罚性关税;中国对美产品加征的125%关税则将降至10%。美中双边早前不断叠加的报复性关税,在这波协商中几乎都被取消。(图为美财政部长贝森特与贸易谈判代表格里尔出席美中贸易会谈)
2025年5月13日|美大幅下调中国“小包裹”关税:白宫5月13发布行政命令,将从5月14日起将对中国低价值货物(不超过800美元)征收的“最低限度”关税从120%下调至54%,原计划的200美元固定费用征税方案被搁置,现行的100美元固定费用将继续执行。
5月23日 对阵欧盟:特朗普威胁自6月1日起对欧盟商品加征50%的统一关税。他同时警告苹果公司,若其在美国销售的手机是在海外生产的,将面临25%的关税。两天后,特朗普收回了对欧盟加征50%关税的威胁,他表示,与欧委会主席冯德莱恩通电话后,同意将美国和欧盟的谈判期限延长至7月9日。
5月28日 美国法院裁定特朗普对等关税“越权”:美国联邦国际贸易法庭裁定,特朗普今年4月2日对多国征收的对等关税,以及早前向中国、加拿大和墨西哥加征的报复性关税都属于“非法”。判决认定,特朗普征收全球关税的行为超出了《国际经济紧急权力法》(IEEPA)赋予总统的权限。美政府表示将对该裁决提出上诉。
5月29日 美国上诉法院暂准特朗普关税恢复执行:美国联邦上诉法院一天后推翻该判决,让特朗普的关税政策得以持续实施。上诉法院指出,为了审理特朗普政府的上诉,将先暂缓此前法院的裁决,并命令原告及特朗普政府分别在6月5日和6月9日前提交回应文件。
5月30日 特朗普全面上调钢铝关税:美国总统特朗普宣布将对全球钢铁和铝产品的进口关税提高至50%。中国是美国的第三大铝供应国。他指责中国未按约降低关税,取消针对稀土等产品的贸易限制。他说:“中国完全违反了与我们达成的协议。不能再做好好先生了!”
6月10日 美中谈判双方宣布原则上达成贸易框架协议:中国和美国官员在英国伦敦举行贸易谈判,经过两天的会议,6月10日,双方宣布原则上已达成贸易框架协议,以落实5月在瑞士日内瓦的共识、还有两国领袖上周的通话内容。特朗普在社交媒体Truth Social上表示,按照美中达成的新的贸易协议,美国将从中国获得稀土磁体。他还表示,将允许中国学生在协议达成后继续留在美国大学学习。

欧盟面临50%关税重压 美中领导人互动引关注

特朗普曾威胁欧盟,如果不能在7月9日前与美国达成协议,可能面临50%的关税上调。这比目前适用的10%的基准税率高出五倍。尽管如此,他也暗示了延长最后期限的可能性。值得注意的是,特朗普推行的10%基本关税税率,已经远高于此前的关税水平。

欧盟贸易委员谢夫乔维齐 (Maros Sefcovic) 本周在华盛顿进行了进一步谈判,并形容这是一次“富有成效的工作周”。

特朗普的关税政策已在全球范围内引发了与贸易伙伴的争议。针对某些特定产品,如汽车,美国已适用25%的更高关税税率,而钢铁和铝产品的关税税率更是高达50%。

在贸易紧张气氛日益加剧之际,有消息指出,美国总统特朗普周五(7月4日)表示,他可能会访问中国与中国国家主席习近平会晤,或者邀请习近平访问美国。两位领导人上个月曾相互发出访问邀请。

DW中文有Instagram!欢迎搜寻dw.chinese,看更多深入浅出的图文与影音报道。

© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。

货殖新传|一家拥有公检法的公司,水平低到可笑是必然的

CDT 档案卡
标题:一家拥有公检法的公司,水平低到可笑是必然的
作者:家传研究员
发表日期:2025.7.6
来源:货殖新传
主题归类:K1373次列车砸窗自救事件
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

K1373次列车砸窗自救事件发酵到如此地步,早已超过了我当初《民敢破窗,官必究之》的逻辑。从最近的系列表现看,让人对一个封闭系统会如何长出可笑的花朵更有感受。

  • 网络跟帖自拉自食:

image

就这种水平,让人重温了一番二十年前舆论引导的整齐划一。

要是放在其他系统,哪怕是从监狱征调的跟帖者,也不至于如此可笑!

  • 更有趣的是今天项栋梁老师发现,三篇发在官方网站上的文章,三名作者全部是铁路系统的「正能量」写手——又是一番自拉自吃。

    也不知道是其他人干不了这么脏的活,还是他们有绝对的自信,仅凭一己之力,足以对抗全国舆论?

  • 通报称,列车工作人员对车内闷热和旅客耐受情况跟踪研判,认为车内虽闷热但没有达到马上开启车门和破窗应急预案的紧急程度。

    人与人的感受差异,有时高过人与牲畜。铁路系统怎么就能以自己的主观判断,取代乘客的耐受情况?

    借用海瑞骂嘉靖的话,设百官如家奴,视国库如私产,以一人之心夺万民之心!可恶!

为什么会出现如此可笑的现象?

可能很多人没有意识到,这位砸车勇士不是被地方带走的,而是被铁警带走的。

自新中国成立以来,铁路系统模仿苏联,完全成为「国中之国」,不但有自己的独立运营体系,还配有独立的公检法!

直到如今,虽然铁道部早已消失,但铁警仍在,铁路运输法院和检察院也在!

一家公司,拥有独立的公检法司法系统,你别笑。

虽然2012年已将法检下放地方管理,但由于它是专门法院,又优先适用专门法,事实上还是铁路系统的机构,外界怎么跟它打官司?

但凭常识就知道,系统越封闭就越落后,越落后就越不敢开放,循环往复。

项老师揭露的网评员全部是2023年前后的获奖正能量作者,水平为什么这么差,甚至用动车标准评绿皮车?

因为权力完全在封闭的体系内自娱自乐,他们在系统内比、系统内用,一旦用来对外,平时华丽的正能量,不过是密密麻麻的臭虫,丑态暴露无遗。

若回到2011年温州动车事故现场,就更明白了:事故尚未调查,车内是否还有乘客尚未明确,铁路系统竟然要求直接挖坑埋车!

幸被当地官员报请省里出面阻止,终于抢救出一名女婴。

但最终,还是埋了,且留下千古名言「不管你信不信,反正我信了」。

为什么要埋掉?因为这超出了铁路系统的控制范围,惊惶失措之下,只有埋掉、对外封闭起来。

这次砸窗事件愈演愈烈,终究是人心难安。要说具体,只是两个很小的事件。一是2000块的玻璃钱谁出,二是铁警的批评教育能不能收回。

从一段广泛流传的视频看,拿着对讲机请示的列车员自己其实已经快撑不住了,他只是拿不到授权。

image

如果诛心一点,现在要死保的除了铁路系统绝不对外服输的一贯形象,还有那个下令禁止砸窗的「杀人犯」!

现在的情形是,一旦砸窗合法合理合情,那这位下令阻止的领导,就得拖出去喂野狗。

而封闭的系统,注定了上下级之间无法切割,也就连基本的纠错能力都没有。

封闭的系统,完全不懂与外界沟通,甚至连基本的人性都丧失了。

而它的独立性,只有最上层的震怒才能打破,各级地方都只能干瞪眼。

于是,铁路系统继续投入天量资源对抗人心和舆论,就为了坚持批评得对、讨2000元的玻璃钱。

可笑不?

不可笑,这就是封闭系统的虚弱性。一旦开了这个口子,独立性也就丧失了。

这是不可承受之重。谁敢做出这个决定,谁就是系统的罪人!

但窗户既已砸开,不想让人窥见败絮、指指点点是不可能的。

胡长朋|破窗之锤常在,而挥锤之人难寻

CDT 档案卡
标题:破窗之锤常在,而挥锤之人难寻
作者:胡长朋
发表日期:2025.7.5
来源:胡长朋
主题归类:K1373次列车砸窗自救事件
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

7月2日,K1373次列车因事故滞留沪昆线的事件引发全网热议。当车厢温度飙升至42℃,在列车员仅采取开气窗、发矿泉水等有限措施的情况下,一名黑衣乘客挥锤破窗的举动,不仅打破了密闭的车窗,更击中了现代社会治理的深层矛盾。

此事被公众关注的原因有两点:1.前后三个多小时,在闷热的车厢内,列车员以及相单位采取的应急措施是什么?2.小伙砸开车窗后被警察调查,后被评判教育的是否得当?

对以上两点,许多官方媒体和自媒体都作出了评价。其实这则事件中最让大家不能接受的就是,对于砸窗的小伙的处理过程和处理结果。有文章批评称如果不是舆情发酵,小伙或许要受到相应的处罚。其中不服从可能是所有人的退路 | 舆论手札文章中提到“摆在铁路警方面前的,随着舆情变强烈,也明朗起来。如果对小伙处以任何处罚,都将为广铁集团招致更猛烈的非难。轻拿轻放,似乎是明智的选择。”

为什么舆论一边倒?除了对铁路部门的对应急事件处理不当的愤怒之外,最荒唐的是,本来应对砸窗小伙鼓励或表彰的铁路部门,再次挑战大家的底线,为了维护自我权威而将为了让更多人获得新鲜空气的砸窗小伙带走调查并进行了批评教育,好像对大家说,你们能不能呼吸到空气不重要,但不能坏我的规矩-车窗只能由我来砸。其实,对于小伙的行为如何评价,南都一针见血的说出了大家的心声:砸窗乘客不应交给公安部门,而应该受到嘉奖。

这件事,让我不由想到平时看到、听到、遇到的一些不公事件,每当关键时刻,总有一位或几位“砸窗者“奋不顾身,冒着极大风险将阻隔新鲜空气的“车窗”砸烂,让众人呼吸到新鲜空气。

近期,最高人民法院和最高人民检察院联合发布《关于依法保障在押犯罪嫌疑人、被告人选择辩护人权利有关问题的批复》,这就是博士张用自己的执业之锤为众人在厚厚的玻璃上砸开了一道能呼吸的口子1+1本来就不等于3

就在昨天,为了让公众不再被“被人打,还手不是互殴”思想误导的邓庆高等律师,砸破了错误之窗,在制度的高墙上凿开通风的缝隙李爱军|晋江公安撤销了对邓庆高律师的行政处罚。虽然晋江公安局没有承认错误,但对拘留决定撤销的文书已经能够说明一切。如果没有以上几位律师以及同行的奋力呼吁,相关单位不会如此草草收场。

还有……

然而现实情况是这些"破窗者"远没有K1373事件中的小伙幸运。

我们经常看到,挥锤之人为了尽量让每个人呼吸到新鲜空气,用自己勇敢之锤砸破充满黑幕的这扇玻璃时,但他们的结局却让人唏嘘-遭受打击报复。是他们砸错了吗,肯定没有。那问题出在哪呢?答案无法名状。

这些敢于向不合理规则挥锤的人,是社会自我更新的重要力量。珍惜他们,就是珍惜我们每个人呼吸自由空气的权利。当最后一扇窗户被焊死时,我们失去的不仅是新鲜空气,更是改变现状的勇气与可能。

【立此存照】中国网|破窗不是“自救壮举”,“情绪脱轨”更不能没有底线

CDT 档案卡
标题:破窗不是“自救壮举”,“情绪脱轨”更不能没有底线
作者:朱哲
发表日期:2025.7.5
来源:中国网
主题归类:K1373次列车砸窗自救事件
CDS收藏:真理馆
版权说明:本文引用或部分引用的作品,版权按照政府宣传材料和历史文件进行处理。详细版权说明

7月2日晚,K1373次列车脱线停运约3小时。由于车内闷热,有一名年轻乘客砸窗通风,当安全锤挥向密闭车窗,碎玻璃飞溅的瞬间,某些网络声音竟将其吹捧为“自救壮举”。然而,剥开情绪外衣,这非但不是值得欢呼的“义举”,更是对公共安全底线的一次粗暴踩踏。所谓“值得肯定”,实为对法律秩序与集体安危的短视、漠视。这种舆论倾向看似充满所谓“人文关怀”,实则模糊了法治底线,消解了公共秩序的价值根基。

所谓“紧急通风”的砸窗必要性,实为伪命题。高铁车厢非密不透风的铁罐。空调系统失效后,工程师设计的通风机制仍在运作,确保基础空气流通。更有列车员在侧,专业沟通与应急处置本应是首选。砸窗者却越过所有既定流程,任由鲁莽支配行动——这不是清醒的自救,而是典型的“情绪脱轨”。当个体焦虑凌驾于公共规程之上,实质是以全车秩序为代价换取小范围“虚假安全感”。《铁路安全管理条例》明令禁止损毁列车设备;《刑法》第114条更将危害公共安全行为置于重典之下。高铁车窗非普通玻璃,破碎飞溅的碎片瞬间化身伤人利器,而破坏车体结构更直接动摇运行安全根基。当列车被迫紧急停靠,后续班次大面积延误——这一锤砸开的,是千万旅客的行程与铁路大动脉的秩序。所谓“自救”,实为代价高昂的“自戕”与“他戕”。

美化肯定破窗行为,其害甚于行为本身。破窗行为的示范效应远比玻璃碎片更危险。当“法不责众”的错觉在舆论场蔓延,当个体冲动被冠以“弱者抗争”的外衣,公共空间的物理秩序与精神秩序都将遭受双重侵蚀。这种论调无异于鼓励“以暴制障”,将公共安全推入“野蛮自救”的丛林法则。若人人遇急皆可破窗,铁路安全网将千疮百孔。社会非情绪竞技场,秩序是文明存续的基石。在密闭车厢里守护规则,恰如守护黑暗中的微光——它看似微弱,却为所有人指明生路。真正的“自救之道”,在于对专业应急的信任与协同。列车员手持应急预案,车厢配备多重联络系统,统一指挥下的疏散远比各自为政高效安全。提升应急响应速度、完善信息透明机制,方为治本之策。而作为乘客,以冷静信任取代恐慌盲动,以秩序协作取代野蛮破窗,才是对生命最深的敬畏。

谨防“弱者叙事”陷阱,在共情中坚守秩序底线。理解旅客在闷热环境中的焦虑,是讨论的起点,但绝不能成为美化破窗行为的理由。文明社会的进步,恰恰体现在越是危急时刻,越能在共情中坚守理性。此次事件中,部分乘客自发协助维持秩序的举动,比破窗行为更值得肯定——它证明了秩序内生的力量与公民理性的可贵。真正的“英雄主义”,不是挥锤打破规则,而是在困境中主动成为秩序的守护者。铁路部门对当事人的“批评教育”,既体现了在极端情境下的人性关怀,更重申了“安全红线不可逾越”的法治原则。我们需要构建的,是一个既能回应个体诉求、又不破坏公共规则的应急文明:公民懂得在困境中信任专业、有序协作,社会完善更敏捷的响应机制,让“破窗冲动”在制度保障与理性共识中失去土壤。

当安全锤再次被举起,请记住:砸向规则的那一击,永远不会带来真正的安全。唯有让秩序的微光穿透情绪的迷雾,公共安全的灯塔才能永续长明——那才是值得我们全力守护的生命之光。

从邓小平到温家宝,详解中国稀土产业起源

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从邓小平到温家宝,详解中国稀土产业起源

KEITH BRADSHER
中国内蒙古的稀土与铁矿复合型矿山白云鄂博矿,摄于2011年7月。
中国内蒙古的稀土与铁矿复合型矿山白云鄂博矿,摄于2011年7月。 Reuters
直到几个月前中国暂时停止了大部分稀土出口,大多数世界领导人才惊觉这一资源的价值。
但在近半个世纪的时间里,稀土一直受到中国政府最高层的关注。
在毛泽东统治中国的27年间,他往往重视的是提高中国的钢铁产量,却很少关注其质量。结果是生产了大量质量低劣的钢铁,无法满足工业需求。
20世纪40年代末,英国和美国的冶金学家研发出了一种技术含量相当低的方法来提高球墨铸铁的质量,这种材料广泛用于管道、汽车零件和其他产品。个中秘诀何在?在金属仍处于熔融状态时加入少量的稀土元素铈。这是稀土金属在工业上的早期应用之一。而且与大多数稀土金属不同的是,铈从矿石中进行化学分离相对容易。
1978年成为中国的最高领导人后,邓小平迅速着手整顿钢铁工业。他任命了技术专家型官员方毅担任副总理,并兼任掌握重权的国家科学技术委员会主任。
1978年,方毅成为分管科技工作的副总理后,迅即决策开发白云鄂博矿的稀土资源。
1978年,方毅成为分管科技工作的副总理后,迅即决策开发白云鄂博矿的稀土资源。 Sven Simon/United Archives, via Getty Images
方毅立即带领中国最好的地质学家和科学家前往包头,这座位于内蒙古的城市不仅拥有巨大的钢铁厂,附近还有全国最大的铁矿。在毛泽东时代,包头为中国的坦克和大炮生产了大量钢铁,但方毅团队做出了一项重要决定,不仅要从这座矿提取铁,还要提取其他矿物质。
这座城市的铁矿石矿床中富含大量的所谓轻稀土。除了用于球墨铸铁和玻璃制造的铈,还包括石油精炼所需的镧。
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矿床中还蕴藏着等中稀土。美国在70年代已将其用于制造超音速战机和导弹电机必需的耐高温磁体。
在包头博物馆陈列的文献中可以看到,方毅在1978年视察包头时曾断言,“稀土在钢、球墨铸铁、玻璃陶瓷、军工、电子和新材料等方面有重要的应用价值。”
当时正值中美关系改善。方毅结束包头考察后不久,带领中国的顶尖工程师团队造访美国最先进的工厂,包括洛克希德·马丁公司和麦道飞机在洛杉矶附近的组装厂。
北京中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博物馆陈列的白云鄂博矿稀土矿物标本,摄于2025年5月。
北京中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所博物馆陈列的白云鄂博矿稀土矿物标本,摄于2025年5月。 VCG
自然界中稀土金属紧密共生,尤其是重稀土元素的萃取分离需经多道化学工序,并消耗大量的酸。
在上世纪50、60年代,美国和苏联都研发出了类似的分离工艺。但技术成本高昂,不仅需配置不锈钢分离槽及管道系统,更依赖昂贵的硝酸制剂。
曾在北美几家最大的稀土企业担任CEO的化学工程师康斯坦丁·卡拉扬诺普洛斯透露,中国政府当时指令科研机构研发低成本方案。中国工程师找到了使用廉价塑料和盐酸分离稀土的工艺。
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凭借成本优势与宽松的环境监管,中国的稀土精炼厂实现了对西方竞争对手的价格碾压。面对日益严格的环境法规,西方的精炼厂几乎全部关停。
与此同时,中国的地质学家发现,他们的国家拥有全球近一半的稀土储量,包括中南部地区丰富的重稀土资源,这种资源对用于汽车、医疗成像及其他领域的磁体都极具价值。
江西的一处稀土矿作业现场,摄于2012年3月。
江西的一处稀土矿作业现场,摄于2012年3月。 Reuters
20世纪90年代至新世纪初,中国的精炼工程师成功攻克了重稀土分离技术。这使得中国在重稀土生产上几乎形成了完全垄断。
邓小平在1992年曾表示,“中东有石油,中国有稀土。”
那时,他和方毅早已经培养出下一位将引领中国稀土产业发展的领导人——一位名叫温家宝的地质学家。上世纪60年代末,温家宝在北京地质学院获得了稀土科学的硕士学位,当时中国大部分地区正因文化大革命的动荡而陷入瘫痪。
温家宝于1998年出任副总理,2003年至2013年担任总理。在2010年访欧期间,他宣称,中国的稀土政策几乎无一不是在他的直接参与下制定的。

Li You对本文有研究贡献。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长,此前曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长,以及华盛顿记者。他在新冠疫情期间常驻中国进行报道。

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Government urged to keep care plans for children with special needs

PA Media Schoolchildren raising their hands in a classroomPA Media

Ministers are facing calls to not cut education plans for children and young people with special needs and disabilities (Send).

Campaigners say education, health and care plans (EHCPs) are "precious legal protections", warning that thousands of children could lose access to education if the plans are abolished.

The government has said it inherited the current system "left on its knees". Speaking on the BBC's Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg programme, Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson described it as a "complex and sensitive area" when asked if she could rule out scrapping EHCPs.

But Neil O'Brien, the shadow education minister, has criticised the government for "broken promises and U-turns".

An EHCP is a legally binding document which ensures a child or young person with special or educational needs gets the right support from a local authority.

Full details of the proposed changes are due in October, but ministers have not ruled out scrapping the education plans, insisting no decisions have been taken.

In a letter to the Guardian newspaper, campaigners have said that without the documents in mainstream schools, "many thousands of children risk being denied vital provision, or losing access to education altogether".

"Whatever the Send system's problems, the answer is not to remove the rights of children and young people. Families cannot afford to lose these precious legal protections," they added.

Signatories to the letter include the heads of charities, professors, Send parents including actor Sally Phillips, and campaigners including broadcaster Chris Packham.

Speaking to the BBC's Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg programme, Ms Phillipson saidL

"What I can say very clearly is that we will strengthen and put in place better support for children.

"I've been spending a lot of time listening to parents, to disability rights groups, to campaigners and to others and to colleagues across Parliament as well, because it's important to get this right," she added, but said it is "tough".

Mr O'Brien, the shadow minister, said the government had "no credibility left".

"This is a government defined by broken promises and u-turns. They said they would employ more teachers and they have fewer. They said they would not raise tax on working people but did," Mr O'Brien said.

Data from the Department for Education released in June showed that the number of EHCPs has increased.

In total, there were 638,745 EHCPs in place in January 2025, up 10.8% on the same point last year.

The number of new plans which started during 2024 also grew by 15.8% on the previous year, to 97,747.

Requests for children to be assessed for EHCPs rose by 11.8% to 154,489 in 2023.

A Department for Education spokesperson said: "We have been clear that there are no plans to abolish Send tribunals, or to remove funding or support from children, families and schools."

The spokesperson added that it would be "totally inaccurate to suggest that children, families and schools might experience any loss of funding or support".

What early warnings did flood-hit Texas receive?

Watch: Kerrville official dodges question on lack of flood warnings

Nearly 80 people have been killed after devastating flash floods swept through parts of central Texas. Rescue efforts are ongoing and the total number of casualties remains unconfirmed, though officials warn the death toll will rise.

Questions have been raised about whether adequate flood warnings were provided and why people weren't evacuated ahead of the deluge.

Most of the fatalities, including 28 children, were in Kerr County, where a girls' camp was inundated.

Judge Rob Kelly, the top elected official in Kerr County, told CBS the severity of the flooding had been unexpected.

"We had no reason to believe that this was gonna be any, anything like what's happened here. None whatsoever," Kelly said.

Reuters A drone view shows flooded houses, following torrential rains that unleashed flash floodsReuters

What flood warnings were issued and when?

The flash floods began on Thursday night and continued into Friday morning, with meteorologists saying several months' worth of rain fell in just a few hours.

Within the space of 45 minutes, the Guadalupe River rose by 26ft (8m), causing it to burst its banks.

  • On Wednesday, the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM) activated state emergency response resources because of "increased threats of flooding in parts of West and Central Texas"
  • On Thursday afternoon, the National Weather Service (NWS) issued a flood watch that highlighted Kerr County, central Texas, as a place at high risk of flash flooding overnight
  • At 01:14 local time (06:14 GMT) on Friday a flash flood warning was issued for Kerr Country
  • At 04:03 local time (09:30 GMT) an emergency flash flood warning was issued for Kerr County, followed by another for the Guadalupe River at 05:34

Was there a failure to warn people?

At a news conference on Sunday, Governor Greg Abbott said people in Texas are used to flash flood warnings.

"But there's no expectation of a water wall of almost 30ft high," he added.

Nim Kidd, chief of the Texas Division of Emergency Management, told reporters: "You have areas where there is no cell phone coverage, plus some coverage.

"It doesn't matter how many alert systems you sign up for, you're not going to get that."

The public can get desensitised to too many weather warnings, said Kerrville City Manager Dalton Rice, according to the Associated Press.

He said he didn't notice any problems and that it was only raining lightly at 03:30 Friday when he went jogging along the Guadalupe River trail.

But by 05:20, the water had risen so fast "we almost weren't able to get out of the park," he said.

Judge Kelly said there is no county-administered warning system in the area because such systems are expensive.

He said that about six years ago, before he took office, the county had looked into a flood warning system along the river, similar to a tornado warning siren. Because of the cost, however, it was never implemented.

The NWS said it was "heartbroken by the tragic loss of life in Kerr County" and defended itself.

"On July 3, the NWS office in Austin/San Antonio, TX conducted forecast briefings for emergency management in the morning and issued a Flood Watch in the early afternoon.

Flash Flood Warnings were issued on the night of July 3 and in the early morning of July 4, giving preliminary lead times of more than three hours before warning criteria were met."

After some officials in Texas appeared to blame the NWS for underestimating the rainfall, former Weather Service officials told the New York Times newspaper that the forecasts were as good as they could have been given the huge amounts of rainfall and storm's abrupt escalation.

Did staff shortages at the National Weather Service affect flood warnings?

Before the tragedy, there had been concerns over the Trump administration's budget cuts to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - the government agency that operates the National Weather Service.

The Fiscal Year 2026 budget includes cuts and closures of some weather research laboratories, while the Department of Government Efficiency (Doge) has slashed hundreds of employees at NOAA and the NWS.

Meteorologists in the US and elsewhere have expressed concerns over "reduced number of weather balloons" that observe wind, relative humidity and pressure above the ground.

They claim that budget cuts have resulted in 20% fewer weather balloons being released for such observations, impacting the accuracy of weather forecasting.

The New York Times reported that critical positions of the NWS were vacant on Friday morning, with some experts questioning whether staffing shortages had impeded the agency's efforts to coordinate with local emergency managers.

However, Tom Fahy, legislative director of the NWS Employees Organization, told NBC News: "The WFOs [weather forecasting offices] had adequate staffing and resources as they issued timely forecasts and warnings leading up to the storm".

And the Associated Press quoted Jason Runyen, a meteorologist in the National Weather Service office, as saying their office that delivers forecasts for that part of central Texas had extra staff on duty at the time of the storms - five, instead of the usual two.

How has the US government responded to questions about flood preparedness?

Asked whether the tragedy was due to "fundamental failure" by the government to provide early warnings, US Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said the "weather is difficult to predict", but that President Donald Trump was seeking to modernise the current system.

In response to questions during a Sunday press conference about the impact of cuts to the NWS, she said that she would "carry your concerns back to the federal government".

Over the years the NWS had done well, Noem said, but "we know that everybody wants more warning time, and that's why we're working to upgrade the technologies that have been neglected for far too long".

Noem said that it was difficult for forecasters to predict how much rain would fall but that the Trump administration would make it a priority to upgrade the technology used to deliver warnings.

She added that when Trump took office he "wanted to fix and is currently upgrading the technology" and that "reforms are ongoing".

Trump is planning a possible visit to the area on Friday.

How an al-Qaeda offshoot became one of Africa's deadliest militant groups

Al-Zallaqa JNIM fighters train in an undisclosed location in West Africa's Sahel region.Al-Zallaqa

Al-Qaeda affiliate Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) is the main group behind a surge in militant jihadist attacks sweeping across several West African nations, especially Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.

On 1 July, the group said it had carried out a major coordinated attack on seven military locations in western Mali, including near the borders with Senegal and Mauritania.

There is growing concern about the impact JNIM could have on the stability of the region.

Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have struggled to contain the violence – and this is one of the factors that contributed to several military coups in the three Sahel countries over the last five years.

But like the civilian governments they replaced, the juntas are seemingly unable to stem the growing jihadist threat, especially from JNIM.

What is JNIM?

JNIM has become one of Africa's deadliest jihadist groups within the space of just a few years.

It was formed in Mali in 2017, as a coalition of five jihadist militant groups:

  • Ansar Dine
  • Katibat Macina
  • Al-Mourabitoun
  • Ansar al-Islam
  • The Sahara branch of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

These groups started collaborating after the French military pushed back several jihadist and separatist organisations that were operating in northern Mali in 2012. Eventually, the leaders of the groups came together to create JNIM.

In recent years, they have expanded geographically, establishing new areas of operation.

JNIM is led by Iyad Ag Ghali, a former Malian diplomat who belongs to the Tuareg ethnic group. He was at the helm of the Tuareg uprising against the Malian government in 2012 which sought to establish an independent state for the Tuareg people called Azawad. Deputy leader Amadou Koufa is from the Fulani community.

Analysts believe the central leadership helps guide local branches which operate across the Sahel region of West Africa.

While it is difficult to know exactly how many fighters there are in JNIM's ranks, or how many have recently been recruited, experts suggest it could be several thousand - mostly young men and boys who lack other economic opportunities in one of the poorest regions in the world.

What does JNIM want?

The group rejects the authority of the Sahel governments, seeking to impose its strict interpretation of Islam and Sharia in the areas where it operates.

Analysts say that in some areas, JNIM has been known to impose strict dress codes, implement bans against music and smoking, order men to grow beards and prevent women from being in public spaces alone.

This version of Islam can be at odds with the religion as practised by local communities, says Yvan Guichaoua, a senior researcher at the Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies.

"These practices are clearly breaking from established practices and certainly not very popular," he says.

"But whether it's attractive or not, also depends on what the state is able to deliver, and there has been a lot of disappointment in what the state has been doing for the past years."

Disillusionment with the secular justice system can make the introduction of Sharia courts appealing to some.

Where does JNIM operate?

After its beginnings in central and northern Mali, JNIM rapidly expanded its reach. While its strongholds are in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, JNIM has also carried out attacks in Benin, Togo and at one point Ivory Coast.

It is now operational throughout Mali and 11 of Burkina Faso's 13 regions, according to the Global Initiative against Transnational Organised Crime (Gi-Toc), a civil society organisation.

In the last year, Burkina Faso has become the epicentre of the group's activities – predominately the northern and eastern border regions. This is, in part, because of divisions and defections in the country's military as well as how deeply embedded the militants are in the local communities, according to Beverly Ochieng, a senior analyst for security consultancy firm Control Risk.

"JNIM have an ability to embed in local communities or to be able to use local grievances as a means of recruiting or winning sympathy towards their cause," she told the BBC.

Are JNIM attacks increasing in scale?

In recent months violent incidents have spiked in Burkina Faso to previously unseen levels, according to analysis from BBC Monitoring's jihadist media team. Major attacks have also recently been carried out in Mali, Niger and Benin.

In the first half of 2025, JNIM said it carried out over 280 attacks in Burkina Faso – double the number for the same period in 2024, according to data verified by the BBC.

The group has claimed to have killed almost 1,000 people across the Sahel since April, most of them members of the security force or militias fighting alongside government forces, according to BBC Monitoring data.

Almost 800 of these have been in Burkina Faso alone. Casualties in Mali were the next highest (117) and Benin (74).

"The frequency of attacks in June is just unheard of so far," says Mr Guichaoua. "They have really stepped up their activities in the past weeks."

The militants use a variety of tactics designed to cause maximum disruption, Ms Ochieng explains.

"They plant IEDs [improvised explosive devices] on key roads, and have long-range capabilities.

"They [also] target security forces in military bases, so a lot of their weapons come from that. They have also attacked civilians - in instances where communities are perceived to be cooperating with the government."

Starlink - a company owned by Elon Musk which provides internet via satellites - has also been exploited by groups like JNIM to enhance their capabilities, according to a recent report by Gi-Toc.

The company provides high-speed internet where regular mobile networks are unavailable or unreliable.

Militant groups smuggle Starlink devices into the country along well-established contraband routes, G-toch says.

"Starlink has made it much easier for [militant groups] to plan and execute attacks, share intelligence, recruit members, carry out financial transactions and maintain contacts with their commanders even during active conflict," an analyst from Gi-Toc told the BBC's Focus on Africa podcast.

The BBC has contacted Starlink for comment.

How is JNIM funded?

The group has multiple sources of income.

At one time in Mali, funds were raised through kidnapping foreigners for ransom but few remain in the country because of the deteriorating security situation.

Cattle-rustling has now become a major source of income, according to an analyst from Gi-Toc. They did not want to be named as it could risk their safety in Mali.

"Mali is a big exporter of cattle so it's easy for them to steal animals and sell them," the analyst said.

Research by Gi-Toc shows that in one year in just one district of Mali, JNIM made $770,000 (£570,000) from livestock. Based on this figure, JNIM could be earning millions of dollars from cattle theft.

JNIM also imposes various taxes, according to experts.

"They tax the gold, but basically tax anything that goes through their territory, whether that's listed goods or illicit goods," Gi-Toc says.

"There can be an extortion type of tax, where JNIM tell citizens they need to pay in return for protection."

The militants have also been known to set up blockades, at which people must pay to leave and enter the area, according to Ms Ochieng.

What about efforts to fight them?

France's armed forces were on the ground supporting the government in Mali for almost a decade - with over 4,000 troops stationed across the Sahel region fighting groups that went on to form JNIM, as well as Islamic State in the Greater Sahara.

While they had some initial success in 2013 and 2014, reclaiming territory from the militants and killing several senior commanders, this did not stop JNIM's growth after it was formed.

"Counterinsurgency efforts have failed so far because of this idea that JNIM can be beaten militarily, but it is only through negotiation that the group will end," Gi-Toc's analyst suggested.

In 2014, Sahelian countries banded together to form the G5 Sahel Task Force, a 5,000-strong group of international troops. However, over the past couple of years, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have withdrawn, undermining the task force's ability to tackle the insurgency.

Minusma, the UN peacekeeping force – while not a counter-insurgency effort – was also in Mali for a decade to support efforts, however it left the country at the end of 2024.

What impact have military coups had on JNIM?

A line graph showing the number of attacks 2017-2024, with the various coups marked. The number increases steadily until 2023 when it flattens out

Military coups took place in Mali in 2020 and 2021, Burkina Faso in 2022 and Niger in 2023.

Poor governance under the military juntas in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger subsequently has allowed militant groups like JNIM to flourish, according to analysts.

These juntas were swift to tell French troops to leave, replacing them with Russian support and a joint force formed by the three Sahelian countries.

Though Russian paramilitary group Wagner has withdrawn its troops from Mali entirely, Africa Corps, a Kremlin-controlled paramilitary group, will remain in place.

In Burkina Faso, a so-called "volunteer" army, launched in 2020 before the military takeover, is one strategy being used to fight militants. Junta leader Ibrahim Traoré has said he wants to recruit 50,000 fighters.

But experts say many of these volunteers are conscripted by force. Inadequate training means they often suffer heavy casualties. They are also often a target for JNIM attacks.

The military juntas in Burkina Faso and Mali have also been accused by human rights organisations of committing atrocities against civilians, particularly ethnic Fulanis. Human rights group say the government often conflates the Fulani community with Islamist armed groups, which has furthered hampered peace efforts.

Between January 2024 and March 2025, the military government and their Russian allies were responsible for 1,486 civilian casualties in Mali, according to Gi-Toc.

This extreme violence against civilians has generated anger towards the government, fuelling further recruitment for JNIM.

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At least 78 dead and dozens missing in Texas floods as more rain looms

Watch: BBC reports from Camp Mystic, where search for missing girls continues

At least 78 people have been confirmed dead in central Texas and another 41 are missing following flash floods on Friday.

Sixty-eight of the fatalities, including 28 children, occurred in Kerr County, where a riverside Christian girls' camp was deluged. Ten girls and a counsellor from Camp Mystic are still missing.

Officials say the death toll is certain to rise. More storms are expected in the next 24-48 hours in the region, which could hamper rescue teams who are already facing venomous snakes as they sift through mud and debris.

Three days after the inundation, one of the largest search-and-rescue efforts in recent Texas history was shifting towards a recovery operation.

Of those recovered in Kerr County, 18 adults and 10 children have yet to be formally identified.

Texas Governor Greg Abbott said on Sunday that authorities would "stop at nothing" to ensure every missing person is found.

Getty Images Workers operate heavy machinery to clear debris after massive flooding Getty Images

"It was nothing short of horrific to see what those young children went through," said Abbott, a day after he toured the area.

A major focus of the search has been Camp Mystic, a popular summer camp for girls perched on the banks of the Guadalupe River, which suffered significant damage.

The catastrophe unfolded before daybreak on Friday as the river rose 26ft (8m) in the span of just 45 minutes while most campers were asleep.

Several young campers and the camp's longtime director, Richard "Dick" Eastland, are among the dead.

'It's very traumatising' - Kerrville local reacts to flood devastation

Greg Froelick, a former Navy Seal and volunteer with the rescue group 300 Justice, is helping the effort to find survivors.

Speaking to the BBC, he said he had heard of victims being found up to eight miles downriver from where Camp Mystic once stood.

He said he has seen "clothing and items from the camp dressers scattered everywhere, up and down the river".

There is also uncertainty about how many other people were camping in the area for the Fourth of July weekend - and how many may have been swept away in the floods.

A two-lane highway that skirts the Guadalupe River and connects the city of Kerrville to Camp Mystic is a scene of devastation.

Ravaged homes are surrounded by fallen trees and furniture on lawns. Fences are toppled and utility lines down in some areas.

Watch: Kerrville official is asked about lack of flood warnings

President Donald Trump signed a major disaster declaration on Sunday for Kerr County, activating the Federal Emergency Management Agency to Texas. He also said he would probably visit the state on Friday.

"We're working very closely with representatives from Texas, and it's a horrible thing that took place, absolutely horrible," Trump said on Sunday in New Jersey.

On the ground, local residents are stepping up to support relief efforts - collecting supplies, offering shelter, and doing what they can to help neighbours displaced by the storm.

Alma Garcia drove in from the city of San Antonio to deliver home-cooked meals to residents and volunteers helping with the clean-up effort.

The BBC saw her pull over on the side of the road and take off a top layer T-shirt to give to a resident.

"She was all wet, I told her she's going to need it," Ms Garcia told the BBC.

Local resident Perla started collecting clothes and shoes on Friday after she finished her shift at Walmart. She dropped them off at a shelter the next morning.

"I've never seen something like this before," she told the BBC.

Meanwhile, well wishes poured in from around the world.

In Rome, Pope Leo XIV offered special prayers on Sunday for the bereaved in Texas.

"I would like to express sincere condolences to all the families who have lost loved ones, in particular their daughters who were in summer camp, in the disaster caused by the flooding of the Guadalupe River in Texas in the United States," the pontiff said.

"We pray for them."

Angélica Casas and Alex Lederman contributed to this report

Map of Camp Mystic in Texas
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