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人文经济学堂|傅国涌:被遗忘的中国第一代企业家

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历史学者傅国涌先生,来源:「先知书店店长荐书」「辛庄课堂」
CDT 档案卡
标题:傅国涌:被遗忘的中国第一代企业家
作者:傅国涌
发表日期:2024.7.15
来源:微信公众号“人文经济学堂”
主题归类:中国企业家
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

编者按:
2025年7月7日,历史学者傅国涌先生因病离世,年仅59岁。他深耕中国近代史,尤以《大商人》系统梳理张謇、卢作孚等第一代企业家精神而著称。先生以史笔为炬,照亮被遗忘的民族实业脊梁,其“经济创造力、社会责任感、管理制度化”的企业家精神论断,至今仍为商界提供思想养分。辛庄课堂转发傅国涌先生此文,让先生笔下的历史微光永续照亮今人前行之路。

“当官要读《曾国藩》,经商要读《胡雪岩》。”

这是现在办企业的人中很流行的一句话。胡雪岩为什么如此走红?自然是因为胡有着“利用官府资源的能力,与社会各层面斡旋的能力,资本运营的能力”。这些能力,有助于从体制内寻求创业资源,有助于迅速聚集财富。

但胡氏没有投资新式企业,没有在改良工艺、提高品质等方面做出新的努力。所以,他算不上企业家,只是一个流通领域的商人。

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中国企业家真正的根、现代工商业真正的本土源头,在那些开创了各种新式工业的民营企业家身上,张謇、荣氏兄弟、穆藕初、范旭东、刘鸿生、卢作孚等人,正是他们,代表了近代的方向。

近代企业家的五个来源

中国的近代企业家群体大致有五种不同类型,也就是五个来源:

一是绅商型,以张謇为代表,一般拥有科举功名和官场背景,属于地方头面士绅,所以张謇把大生纱厂的性质定为“绅领商办”,以区别于“官督商办”和“官商合办”,这是民营企业的早期形式。

第一代绅商型企业家包括同属“状元办厂”的江苏人陆润庠,安徽人周学熙、孙家鼐、孙多森,以及浙江人严信厚、严子均父子等。

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▲张謇

二是商人型,以荣氏兄弟为代表,他们从做钱庄学徒到自己开钱庄,在办厂之前只有纯粹的商人身份。叶澄衷、鲍咸昌、宋炜臣、曾铸等都属于此类,“五金王”叶澄衷,商务印书馆创始人鲍咸昌、夏瑞芳,也和荣氏兄弟一样,在上海做学徒出身。

三是买办型,以早期的朱葆三、虞洽卿和后来的刘鸿生为代表,他们虽然都是买办出身,但在掘得第一桶金并完成原始积累以后,就开始投资办企业,完成身份的转换。“买办”说到底是一个中性词,类似今天外资企业的高级白领或金领,并不是一个让人谈虎色变的政治符咒。

这一类型的早期代表还包括朱志尧、王一亭、徐润等人。经济史学者严中平在《中国棉纺织史稿》中说:“买办不但拥有创办现代工厂所必需的大量资金,并且拥有创办现代工厂所必须具备的某些‘洋务’知识,而这却是一切官僚、地主、高利贷者等土财主纵使花费巨额资金也无从购买的。”

四是侨商型,就是回母土创业的海外华侨,包括烟台张裕酿酒公司的张振勋,南洋兄弟烟草公司的简照南、简玉阶兄弟,永安公司的郭乐、郭泉兄弟,以及先施公司的马应彪等人。

五是知识型,代表人物有范旭东、穆藕初、卢作孚,以及陈光甫、周作民这样的银行家,他们或是留学美、日的“海归”,或自学起家,共同之处就是创业之前没有官场背景,没有从商经历,没有雄厚资本,但他们有见地、有魄力、有能力,他们的企业不是家族企业,往往一开始就是股份制企业。

在近代企业家阶层中,他们最具创造性和现代精神,从来没有把利润最大化看作第一追求,而有着更高的目标,他们中许多人甚至算不上是资本家。

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▲卢作孚

何为真正的企业家?

荣德生在七十三岁时说过一番话:

“回想四十五年前,筚路蓝缕,创业伊始,由小做大,以至今日,自思亦甚可笑。有此成就,殊出意外,深愧既非实学,又无财力,事业但凭诚心,稳步前进,虽屡遭困厄艰难,均想尽方法应付,终告化险为夷。”

荣氏兄弟既无显赫家世,又无科举功名,更无雄厚资本,先天条件并无优势,外在的环境因素则与同时代人一致。荣德生总结自己的创业经验,概括为“勤”“俭”二字,他喜欢说“勤劳耐苦”,1919年还亲自给无锡公益工商中学题写“和平耐劳”的校训。

我觉得,还应该加上“识”“能”“德”这几个字,如果没有过人的见识、相当的管理能力,以及对兴学等公益事业的热诚,很难想象他们能成为那个时代享有盛誉的企业巨子。

我很赞同有人已指出的“天道酬德”这个说法,成功背后一定有相通的因素,包括天道酬勤、天道酬俭与天道酬德。如果不是这样,则一定是这个社会出了问题。

荣氏兄弟和刘鸿生既是企业家,也是资本家,他们拥有巨额个人财富,在自己创办的大多数企业中享有控股权。但企业家并不等同于资本家,包括张謇、范旭东、穆藕初、卢作孚,他们自身都不是资本家,也不是职业经理人,而是企业创办人。

他们和自己的企业血脉相连,是企业的灵魂、核心、精神领袖,甚至是企业生命的源泉。他们给企业提供的是头脑,是动力,企业已与他们的生命合为一体。

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▲荣氏兄弟

何谓企业家?从张謇到卢作孚,我们可以给企业家这个特定角色一个清晰的定位。

企业家与资本家不同,与富人、有钱人也不同。1946年,享有“面粉大王”“棉纱大王”称誉的荣德生在上海被绑票,绑匪开价勒索百万美元,他说自己是事业家,而非资本家,因为自己的钱全投资在事业上面,而资本家可以将钱放在家里,不信的话尽管去调查。

绑匪把价码降到了五十万美元,他也没有打算给,在立下的四条遗嘱中说道,如果拿出这笔赎金将影响企业生产,宁可牺牲个人来保全事业。这就是企业家与资本家的不同,前者关键时刻看得最重的还是事业。

“企业家”这个概念本身有着特定的内涵,我个人觉得,至少包括四个特征:

一是经济创造力,就是敢于挑战风险、勇于把握新事业机会的创业精神,这是企业家的内在驱动力。中国传统文化中往往缺少类似的冒险、开拓、创新等因素。

二是价值观。实业救国、工业救国、民生救国、棉铁救国等理念曾风行中国,胡厥文中学毕业就决心走实业救国之路。1914年考入北京高等工业专门学校时,他认为机械是工业之本,选择了机械科。

1918年毕业后,他抱定信念:一不做官,二不从教,终身以实业救国为己任。企业的凝聚力往往建立在企业家引导的核心价值之上,而非完全依赖外在规章制度的约束。

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三是社会责任感,不以盈利为唯一目标,重视社会信誉,以服务社会为自己的最高选择。“永久黄”团体制定的“四大信条”,以及民生公司在抗日战争中,特别是宜昌大撤退中的巨大牺牲和出色表现,都是最好的证据。

“天之生人也,与草木无异。若遗留一二有用事业,与草木同生,即不与草木同腐。故踊跃从公者,做一分便是一分,做一寸便是一寸。”这是张謇的名言。荣德生的座右铭为“发上等愿,结中等缘,享下等福”,卢作孚信奉的是“忠实地做事,诚恳地对人”。

四是管理制度化,现代企业不是旧式作坊,不是手工生产,而是组织起来的大规模机器生产,从生产到经营,如果没有制度规范,一切无从谈起。大生纱厂创办之前,张謇即手订《厂约》和一系列章程,早期得到较好的执行。

穆藕初率先引入美国最新的科学管理法,并使之本土化。各企业先后引入以严格核算为基础的理性化簿记制度,包括会计成本核算制度。他们相信专家的作用,对新机器、新技术、新人才具有相当的认识,以工程师制代替了最初的工头制。

尽管他们的企业管理上仍存在着这样那样的缺点,但在抗战之前,荣氏企业、刘鸿生的一系列企业、卢作孚的民生公司、范旭东的“永久黄”团体等,都已经走向制度化。

上述四个特征缺一不可,成为衡量企业家的基本要件,共同构成我们通常所说的企业家精神。对于一个真正的企业家来说,这种精神要比一切计算更具有根本性。荣德生在他哥哥荣宗敬六十虚岁生日时说,精神才是立业之本,家兄一生事业靠的就是充实的精神。这个“精神”无疑就是企业家精神。

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▲穆藕初

重温企业家的本土传统

从张謇到卢作孚,他们经办的企业已具有明显的现代特征,通过取名即可看出一些端倪:“大生”源自《易经》“天地之大德曰生”,“茂新”“福新”“申新”都有一个“新”字,“民生”本身就是宗旨,胡厥文办机器厂叫“新民”,“久大”“永利”“德大”“厚生”“大中华”……也都寄托了创办人的怀抱。

再看商标。大生的“魁星”“寿星”等棉纱,荣氏企业中“兵船”面粉、“人钟”等棉纱,德大的“宝塔”棉纱,久大的“海王星”精盐,永利的“红三角”纯碱,大中华的“美丽”火柴,唐山启新的“马”牌水泥,华商上海水泥公司的“象”牌水泥,章华的“九一八”哔叽细呢,天津东亚公司的“抵羊”(即“抵制洋货”)牌毛线……

都是当年的著名商标,有的曾打入国际市场,风靡一时。大生二厂和三厂同属一个集团,还为相似的商标发生过争执。可以肯定,那个时代站在最前沿领导风气的企业家已具备强烈的商标和品牌意识,把产品的质量和信誉看作企业的第一生命。

二十来岁就做了老板的古耕虞说:“信用是买卖人的无价之宝,是不能以数字来衡量的。”他百分之百地信守合同,一向保持AAA的最佳银行信用评级。这位爱穿中国长袍的“猪鬃大王”还将自己一贯遵守约会时间、一丝不苟的行为称作“企业家风度”。

他们对企业性质的探索、实践,已积累了许多可贵的经验:大生从创办之初就是股份制,民生公司为防止大资本控股而分散股份,天津东亚公司提出“国人资本,国人制造”“不怕股东小,就怕股东少”等口号,最多时股东有上万人。荣氏企业热衷的无限公司形式,“肉烂在锅里”,已成为资本积累、扩大生产的一个重要保证。

无论大生企业集团、荣氏企业集团,还是刘鸿生的企业系统,都不是创办者单枪匹马或者一个家族就能发展起来的,关键是用人、凝聚人。

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▲从左至右,依次是:大生一厂“蓝魁”商标、福新面粉厂“兵船”商标、申新纺织厂“人钟”商标、鸿生火柴品牌

民生公司和“永久黄”团体具有强烈的团队意识,成为中国企业史上超强的两个团队。范旭东和卢作孚特殊的个人魅力,感召并集中了一大批各个层面(从管理层到技术层)的精英。否则,成就这些事业是难以设想的。

当然,仅有中、上层的结合还不足以打造一个稳健、可持续的大企业。还需要企业文化来凝聚整个企业。

无锡申新三厂推行劳工自治区是个很好的试验,可惜被抗战的烽火打断。刘国钧总结经营经验,在大成纺织印染股份有限公司提出三个“一点点”口号:“货色要比别人好一点点,成本要比别人轻一点点,价钱要比别人高一点点。”他将口号烧成蓝底白字的搪瓷标牌,悬挂于车间、走廊、餐厅、写字间等处,办厂刊、编格言,人手一册。

从1930年到1937年,在国内纺织厂纷纷倒闭的大环境里,大成却从一个厂发展到四个厂,从常州发展到上海,从一万纱锭发展到七万八千八百六十三纱锭,从两百台织机发展到两千七百零七台,从零到拥有日产五千匹布的全套漂染设备,从五十万元到四百万元注册资本,八年里翻了八番,经济学家马寅初称之为“罕见的奇迹”。

宋棐卿于1932年开办天津东亚毛呢纺织股份有限公司,提出“东亚精神”,制定《东亚铭》,编印《东亚精神》小册子,公司有职工青年会、学术研究会、职工夜校、基督教团契,还有国剧社、合唱团、球队、国术学社等。

许多企业都办有连续性内刊,“永久黄”团体有《海王》,民生公司有《新世界》,荣氏企业有《人钟月刊》,天津东亚毛呢纺织股份有限公司有《东亚声》,还有教各种生活常识(特别是教妇女织毛衣)的《方舟月刊》,每月销行一万两千册,直接订数就有七八千册。

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▲从左至右,自上而下,依次是:荣氏企业的女工、范旭东与“永久黄”同事、民生公司朝会、黄海社董事合影

还有一点不可忽略:爱国是那个时代大多数企业家的共性。

1926年,吴百亨在温州开办百好炼乳厂,他的“白日擒雕”牌在温州主要与英国的“鹰”牌竞争。1931年,对方出十万元购买他的商标,他回答:“我办‘百好’,是为了兴办国货,抵制洋货,不单是为了金钱,擒雕牌的商标权我绝不出卖。”他反而劝说前来洽谈的买办离开英国公司,自办实业或经营本国产品。

“九·一八事变”后,由胡厥文主持的上海铜铁机器同业公会在《申报》发表《铜铁机器业抗日救国决议》,提出组织义勇军,各厂准许职工加入,在最短时间赶制迫击炮、地雷、手榴弹、机枪等主张。

“一·二八事变”时,他亲自参与用水雷攻击日本旗舰“出云”号的行动,并在一枚弹头上写下“抗日必胜”四字。1937年,新民机器厂等上海一百四十六家民营工厂不畏艰危,西迁入川。

“八·一三事变”发生时,正在德国洽谈人造石油厂的“味精大王”吴蕴初匆忙回国,他说:“做一个中国人,总要对得起自己的国家。”

1949年,吴蕴初、荣德生、胡西园、古耕虞……那么多在各自领域称“王”的企业家选择留下,卢作孚、刘鸿生后来也从香港返回。最根本的原因就是他们对这片土地的热爱,对这个国家、民族刻骨铭心的情感,他们不愿放弃自己的国家去做“白华”。

“企业家精神”在西方的含义十分明确,就是在经济合理的基础上勇于挑战一切风险、把握一切机会的创业精神,这是一个企业发展过程中最强大的内在驱动力。在荣宗敬、刘鸿生等人身上,明显存有这种冒险和开创精神,他们内心对于求新、求多、求大,有着不可遏止的强烈冲动。

但是,冒险、开拓、创新等价值,在中国传统文化中毕竟比较匮乏,因此中国的企业家精神从开始就和西方有所不同。

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▲从左至右,自上而下,依次是:荣氏企业面粉车间、章华毛绒纺织公司车间 、华商上海水泥厂煤码头、二十世纪三十年代的永利碱厂、南京铔厂吊卸设备

在张謇代表的第一代企业家身上,可以明显看到儒家对他们的深刻影响:他们有经世济民的入世情怀,带着浓厚的实用理性色彩,对于冒险、开拓的兴趣并不很大。

到受过新式教育、接受全新西方思想资源的范旭东、卢作孚这些人那里,则有了现代化的自觉追求。在他们之间,相通的是“实业救国”的紧迫感与危机感。

卢作孚直截了当地提出现代化的目标,荣德生到晚年仍耿耿在念:“中国要富强,非急速变成一个工业化国家不可。”

法国学者白吉尔在《中国资产阶级的黄金时代》中有个论断:与西方十七世纪的新教徒企业家不同,二十世纪的中国企业家把自己的成功看作拯救国家命运的希望之举。

“地方精英阶层所以承担起社会公益事务的责任,是出于社会开放和现代化的强烈愿望。”这就可以理解穆藕初一掷万金去助学的义举,理解张謇在南通的作为,以及企业家群体在推动工业化过程中,为促进城市化所做的一切努力。

他们对公益事业的关心,已不是造桥修路、做善事那么简单,而具有以工业化带动城市化的深刻内涵。张謇是第一个例子,他是中国企业家的标杆、榜样与楷模。他生逢一个大转型的时代,用三十年致力于实业、教育、自治和政治改良(以地方自治为基础)。

如果说梁启超是以文字革新,那么他就是在实践上开风气之先。古老中国的现代化之路在他的脚下延伸,实业、教育与政治改良正是现代化的三个支点。

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之前的洋务运动中,李鸿章、张之洞等人意识到了强国,但没有洞察富民和开启民智才是根本,更没有想到政治制度的创新。从这个意义上讲,张謇称得上是中国的现代化之父。

他在南通大办公益事业,致力于地方自治,由通州民立师范学校开始的一系列学校—从师范、专门技术学校、普通中小学、幼稚园直到大学、盲哑学校,南通博物苑、南通图书馆、更俗剧场到公共体育场、军山气象台,南通育婴堂、养老院、济良所、残废院到医院、公园等,简直是以企业办社会,不仅奠定了南通一地的现代化基础,而且他创造的“南通模式”直接影响了荣氏兄弟、范旭东、卢作孚、穆藕初等人,间接影响的人更是不计其数。

荣氏兄弟在无锡创办的一系列小学、中学、大学、公园、图书馆,修建的桥梁、公路等,对于无锡这所城市的贡献也不可小觑。范旭东在塘沽办化工企业,把一个荒凉的渔村变成繁华的工业重镇,卢作孚对重庆北碚的建设与他的民生公司几乎同步。

值得注意的是,还有许多地方因厂成镇,比如大生一厂所在的南通唐闸镇、大生二厂所在的崇明久隆镇(今属启东市)、大生三厂所在的海门三厂镇、永利南京铔厂所在的大厂镇等等,都是工业化推动城市化的生动范例。

他们办企业的行为因而成为现代化的有机组成部分,要说企业家留下的本土传统,没有比这些更重要的了。

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▲左:张謇时代的南通街头;右:张謇创办的通州民立师范学校

这些实业家们脚踏实地,一步一个脚印,进得一寸就是一寸,不奢望,不幻想,温和而执着。与那些大刀阔斧、雷霆闪电般的历史人物相比,他们往往显得不够过瘾,不够雄浑,不够痛快,似乎缺乏颠倒山河、挥洒自如的大气魄,但是,从一个较长的历史过程来看,不能不承认,他们的选择可能留下了更多正面的遗产,是后人可以效仿、跟进的。

古老民族应该珍视自己的本土资源。企业家阶层是近代的产物,从张謇到卢作孚,他们的实绩本身,已昭示了一条通往未来的道路。

卢作孚、刘鸿生、范旭东、穆藕初、荣氏兄弟,还有状元商人张謇,这些开创了各种新式工业的第一代民营企业家们,他们创造了百年前的商业奇迹,更昭示了一条通往未来的路。

可惜的是,如今已经少有人记得他们,至于他们所代表的的那种生根于中国传统的经世济民的企业家精神,就更是无从寻觅了。或许正是这种精神的缺失,地沟油、毒奶粉等产品才会大行其道,这不能不说是我们这个时代的悲哀。

古老民族应该珍视自己的本土资源,这些“大商人”们不应被遗忘。为此,先知书店特别推荐傅国涌《大商人》系列,这是一部近代商业文明档案,还原早期实业家对企业发展的探索实践:

◎探寻中国现代工商业真正的本土源头

“大商人”系列以六册、近四十万字的体量,重新挖掘被忽视已久的近代民营企业创业史,分别从六组各具代表性的民营企业家的创业史入手,探寻中国现代工商业真正的本土源头,还原最早的民营企业家们对品牌、责任、技术、管理、团队、企业文化的探索和实践。

◎还原科学和民族的管理方式,思考推动社会渐进的路径

张謇创造的“南通模式”,造厂力求其快的“荣宗敬速度”,穆藕初引入的科学管理法,“永久黄”的团队精神,刘鸿生的企业托拉斯计划,小鱼吃大鱼的“卢作孚神话”……这一切将带领读者发现中国工商业竟然曾发展到如此进步的程度,出现过如此科学和民族的管理方式,进而重新审视和思考实业家们“得寸进寸”、推动社会进步的渐进路径。

◎揭开历史激荡下的企业浮沉

作者傅国涌,生前为写作“大商人”系列,读史两年,试图揭开历史激荡下的企业浮沉;寻访一年,走遍大江南北,探访企业家们在中国土地上留下的真实痕迹,走入他们的生活与悲喜。

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【404文库】李宇琛的笑诞记|开除一个被偷拍的女大学生,才是有损国格

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文|李宇琛

CDT 档案卡
标题:开除一个被偷拍的女大学生,才是有损国格
作者:李宇琛
发表日期:2025.7.15
来源:微信公众号“李宇琛的笑诞记”
主题归类:女性权利
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

2025年7月8日,大连工业大学在官网上挂出了一份公告,准备送给一个姓李的同学。

公告写得很正式,说李同学在去年12月有不当行为,造成了恶劣影响,拟开除学籍。

送达方式也很特别,叫:

公告送达。

整个互联网都成了它的邮差。

这份公告,把一位服装设计系的学生,和另一个宏大的词绑在了一起:

国格。

学校引用的校规是《大连工业大学学生违纪处分规定》第十九条第六款。这条规定说:

与外国人不正当交往,有损国格、校誉的,视情节给予记过及以上处分。

这位女同学和乌克兰退役电竞选手Zeus,确实发生了关系。那时她有异地男友,Zeus据说也已婚。

但把这段关系捅到全世界的,不是这位女同学。是Zeus。

他把两人的亲密影像发到粉丝群,配上了一句洋洋得意的评语,说中国女孩:

“easy girl”。

很快,视频和照片传遍全球,浏览量轻松破亿。有人统计,相关视频转发量约2.3亿次。

于是,大连工业大学认为,这位女同学的行为,有损国格。

Zeus,37岁,乌克兰人。李同学,21岁,中国人。

Zeus拍摄且传播了私密影像,这是违法的。

Zeus用侮辱性词汇评价中国女性,这是羞辱。

但Zeus远在乌克兰,学校管不着,警察似乎也够不着。

他甚至在事发半年后,才不痛不痒地发了个道歉声明,说自己当时是单身,还说如果能帮上忙,他很乐意:

然后他就向前看了。

这位女同学被人肉了。她的姓名、学校、照片、视频,像病毒一样在网上扩散。她成了全民道德审判的主角。

从去年12月事发,到今年7月学校公告,中间大半年时间,她像人间蒸发了一样。学校说,各种方式都联系不上她。

一个被偷拍、被泄露隐私、被网暴的受害者,陷入了长久的沉默。学校找不到她,也可能没想过她为何沉默。

然后,她的母校,决定为她补上一刀:

将她开除。

理由是她与外国人不正当交往:

一个拍视频、传视频、侮辱人的外国人,安然无恙。

一个被偷拍、被泄露、被网暴的本国学生,被开除了。

这逻辑就像,你家被人偷了,警察抓不到小偷,就把你家门给封了,说你防盗不力,影响了整个小区的声誉。

大学的规定,有时候比法律还威严。

大连工业大学的校规,带着一种旧时代的体温。除了“与外国人交往”这一条,还有:

未婚性行为记过之类的条款。

它试图教会学生,身体和灵魂,都必须纯洁。

他们找到了惩罚这位女同学的完美依据。

但人们总爱比较。

几年前,浙江大学有个学生犯了强奸罪,被法院判了缓刑。学校的处理决定是:

留校察看。

当时通报里,连名字都隐去了,用“努某某”代替。

香港某大学,有个男生用AI技术合成了大量女性同学的不雅照。最终的处理结果是:

口头警告。

这位女同学没有犯罪,也没有害人。她只是犯了一个私德上的错误,然后被一个渣男坑害,成了一场全球网络狂欢的牺牲品。

她得到的惩罚,是开除学籍,是实名通报,是社会性死亡。

有人说,这位女同学让中国女性在国际上蒙羞了。所以,开除她,是为了捍卫国格。

国格原来这么脆弱,需要靠开除一个被伤害的年轻女孩来维护。

它不是靠科技、文化、国民素养和制度自信来支撑的,而是系于一个21岁女孩的身上。

事件发酵后,一些媒体一边把她的全名公之于众,赚足了流量;一边又开始呼吁:

要理智,要反对网络暴力。

它们左右开弓,吃了两碗饭,还打了个饱嗝。

真正应该被追责的Zeus,在道歉信里说,他没想到会伤害到别人:

他确实没怎么被伤害到。

真正该反思的校规,依然白纸黑字地印在学生手册里,随时可以被再次启用,对准下一个“有损校誉”的学生。

那位李同学向家人、男友、学校道歉,为自己的行为感到懊悔。

她没做错什么吗?或许她错了。

但不该由她,来背负“有损国格”这么沉重的十字架。

一个国家、一所大学的品格,恰恰体现在它如何对待自己犯错的、受伤的孩子。

是拉她一把,还是推下悬崖。

是告诉她,这里是你的后盾;还是告诉她,为了我们的面子,你必须:

消失。

大连工业大学选择了后者。他们用一种极为公开的方式,进行了一场切割,一场:

献祭。

一场全民参与的猎巫,用一个女孩的未来,捍卫了一份虚无缥缈的国格。

真划算。

写于2025年7月14日

我的微信:LEELOVEPHOEBE

我的邮箱:lixunhuang\@protonmail.com

lixunhuang1996\@gmail.com

【404文库】三月云|是谁给他们的勇气说出“有损国格”?

昨天,也就是7月13日,中国新闻网指名道姓地曝光了一名女学生的全名与处分结果。这一新闻迅速登顶微博热搜第一,并且在微博热搜榜上挂了整整一天。

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▲码是我给打的。难以想象,一家声量如此巨大的媒体,就这样把一名没有任何违法乱纪行为的女学生的全名挂在整个微博热搜第一来进行网暴,这已经不能用下作无耻来形容了,简直是法西斯和反人类。

而后,大量媒体纷纷带着她的全名进行转发:

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大家可以数数就这么一张截图里,我打了多少个码。如此之多的媒体,声势如此浩大地对她进行带着全名的网暴和传播,有任何人此前见过这样的阵仗吗?不禁令人好奇,这名女学生到底是犯下了多大的滔天罪过?最起码得是火烧圆明园或者发动侵华战争吧,毕竟,普通杀人犯可没这个待遇:

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▲死刑犯都没有被公开全名

查询了一下事情的来龙去脉后,原来是:这名学生和一个外国电竞选手Zeus°睡觉时被他偷拍,而后偷拍视频被其四处传播。

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▲真正的easy boy

她本是一个被偷拍的受害者,然而校方的态度是:有损国格,开除。

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CDT 档案卡
标题:【404文库】三月云|是谁给他们的勇气说出“有损国格”?
作者:三月云
发表日期:2025.7.15
来源:三月云
主题归类:女性权利
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

首先,国格指国家的荣誉、尊严、声望和影响,代表着一个国家在国际社会中的地位和作用。我不知道一名女生,一名中国公民被外国男偷拍是如何损害我们国家的国格的,我们人民当家作主的社会主义国家的国格绝不会如此脆弱。更何况,她明明是一个受害者!大连工业大学,你们是明显的低级红,高级黑吧?请问你们所谓的“国格”是哪个国的国格?一个大学,又有什么资格去界定和定义什么是“国格”?他们对着洋人唯唯诺诺,对着国人开除示众的所作所为,才是真正严重损害国格的恶劣行为!

并且,大量法律人士指出,大连工业大学的处理决定涉嫌行政违法和民事侵权。他们错误解读和使用了《普通高等学校学生管理规定》,所做出的“开除”决定实际与上位法相违背,属于违法行为。中国新闻网和大连工业大学对她全名的传播,还造成了对个人信息的侵害。我国刑法规定:侵犯公民个人信息罪,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处罚金;情节特别严重的,处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。

一个鲜明对比:之前红先生事件的时候,别说那些田力房客叫什么、在哪里工作上学,就连红先生叫什么,我们都不清楚。当时很多姐妹说女人还是太善良了,不敢想象这里面但凡有一个女人参与,她会被网暴和审判成什么样。

事实证明,的确如此。

我们可以看看,作为最先带全名传播被偷拍受害者个人信息的中国新闻网,在红登区一案上的态度是怎么样的呢?

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一看见是田力就知道不能传播他的“个人隐私了”,尽管他们根本不是受害者。一看见女学生就要直接赛博游街让她全网社死,尽管她真的是受害者。

我太愤怒了。之前网上乌央乌央的一群田力不是嚷嚷着说什么强J犯、猥亵犯和偷拍犯不公开全名、不公开照片是为了保护同名同姓和长得像的人吗?怎么一到女人身上这些“规矩”就突然全失效了?这时候不保护同名同姓的了?不保护和她长得像的人了?

就好像之前网上说什么女人是激素的奴隶,到了年龄一定会想结婚生子,并且怀孕生孩子之后人就彻底变了只会绕着孩子转了,这是基因决定的云云…哦,那怎么还有几千万被堕胎的女婴呢?

此外,这件事无论田力如何狡辩,也是一个滑天下之大稽的笑话。无比可笑,也无比可耻,更无比可恨,任何正常人都会站在激烈抨击大连工业大学的一方。因为你说破天,她也没违法犯罪,并且还是一个受害者。我们看看真正严重违法犯罪的田力,校方是如何处理的:

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▲这个甚至连“X某”都没有透露。

我会像世界包容田力一样包容女人。

这起事件中还有很多老登中登小登四处群魔乱舞,嚷嚷着什么“easy”“巴西牛排°”的,丑态百出,不一而足。

实际上,这很难不说是他们自己内心的投射,因为真正的easy boy和亚洲马桶另有其男:

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除了这些玩意,还有什么c罗,faker,詹姆斯的男粉,他们的言论和行为有多咯噔和癫狂想必也不用我多说了,怎么这时候不说和外国男非正常交往,有损国格了?还是说写新闻发通告的田力其实也是他们的男房客之一?

还有一些田力虚空打靶说什么女拳不敢打洋人的,可真正不敢打洋人的到底是谁呢?

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搜了一下,大连工业大学的现任领导和历任领导全部是田力,全部…怪不得能制定出“有损国格”这样的校规呢。男的上位就是快哈,懂的都懂。走“后门”嘛~

而真正的有损国格:

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没有无权利的义务,也没有无义务的权利。权利和义务一定是要对等的。如果要让女性成为 "国格”的担负者,那么请先把粗制滥造卫生巾列入"发国难财”,把职场性别歧视的企业和个人视作外国间谍,把侵害女性权益的案件视为全民族的耻辱和国残,让偷拍女性属于泄露国家机密,把离婚冷静期等同于辛丑条约……如果分蛋糕的时候把女人排除在外,甩锅的时候又突然想起来找女性背负一切,田力怎么这么喜欢想美事呢?

21世纪了,我们还能看到如此荒谬和令人发指的事件在我们身边上演,甚至还有无数田力为法盲校方和无良媒体叫好。这样将受害女性高高挂起,却对违法田力轻轻放过的荒诞剧,才会真正严重损害我们的国格,也在把田力自己的路越走越窄——辱女是有代价的,女性的愤怒被激起后是不好收场的。我们可以看看,以后被开除的到底是女的多 , 还是某个占罪犯比例超90%的性别多。

【404文库】“铅没有颜色,也没有气味。但它可能埋在你家的土壤里、水管里、空气中,或者——治理者不愿面对的‘责任黑箱’里”(外二篇)

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标题:【404文库】“铅没有颜色,也没有气味。但它可能埋在你家的土壤里、水管里、空气中,或者——治理者不愿面对的‘责任黑箱’里”(外二篇)
来源:基本常识端端酱旧闻评论

主题归类:甘肃天水幼儿园铅中毒事件
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尽管中国的言论审查和舆论管控日趋严峻,国家对公民的监控也无处不在,但我们依然可以看那些不服从的个体,顶着被删号、被约谈、甚至被监禁的风险,对不公义勇敢发出自己的声音。

中国数字时代在“404文库”栏目中长期收录这些被当局审查机制删除的声音。如果您也不希望这些声音就这样消失,请随手将它们转发给您可以转发的任何人。

2025年3月起,甘肃天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园陆续有幼儿在体检中查出血铅含量超标,这些幼儿出现了腹泻、身上疼痛等等症状。但当时,家长们并未将这些病症与幼儿园联系起来。6月,这些幼儿复查后再次血铅超标,家长们才警觉起来,认为与幼儿园有关。

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7月,麦积区市场监督局和公安分局称查获一起该幼儿园违规使用添加剂导致幼儿血铅异常事件,涉事幼儿园被关闭。

部分家长带着孩子前往西安市中心医院进行检测,检测结果显示,孩子们的血铅指标超过正常值很多。然而,有幼儿家长表示,此前天水相关部门工作人员通知他们孩子的血铅检查结果正常。

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该事件在中文互联网上引起关注之后,7月8日,甘肃省天水市联合调查组公布了调查结果,称是幼儿园后厨违规添加彩绘颜料制作食品所致。

然而,部分网民对甘肃当局发布的调查通报表示质疑,认为官方提供的资料涉嫌造假,目的是为了掩盖当地相关企业铅污染的问题。

中共审查机制在该事件中对相关讨论采取了严格审查,部分文章、评论遭到删除。

在本期的【404文库】栏目中,我们将选读过去一周中与此事件有关的三篇404文章。

一、基本常识|幼儿园铅中毒案,我能回答所有疑点

媒体人、微信公众号作者项栋梁对公开资料进行查证后,以推理的方式提供了一个幼儿园铅中毒案可能的完整故事,并对当地政府的处理方式进行质疑。但该文遭到审查。

作者写道:

7月2日晚间或7月3日白天,对褐石培心幼儿园留样食品与环境样本的检测结果出来了,三色发糕和玉米肠卷的铅含量严重超标,当地政府开始意识到问题出在幼儿园的食品,于是紧急前往幼儿园仓库检查,并控制幼儿园相关人员展开讯问调查。

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这也是为什么事发之后,幼儿园方面并没有删除厨房监控记录,也没有销毁用剩的彩绘颜料,因为他们根本就没有意识到这个问题的存在。

7月3日,当地发布第一份通报,定性为幼儿园违规使用添加剂导致幼儿血铅超标的案件。

到这时,事情就变成了当地发生一起重大食品安全负面新闻,对当地政府来说,家长安抚控制和舆情管理就进入了“常规操作”的轨道。

“大政府”的特点正在于此,因为平时什么都要管起来,所以发生什么破事都要担心问责,哪怕事情只是一家幼儿园胡乱操作搞出来的恶果,当地政府也会积极介入去维稳和弹压舆论。

到这时,铅中毒事件肯定已经上到了省委讨论,省里决定介入并接管“负面舆情”的管控。但省里出于控制负面舆情伤害范围的考虑,决定只出力不具名。

于是,7月8日,以当地市级联合调查组名义发布了第二份情况通报,意图让幼儿园把全部责任背下来,定性为偶发的、孤立的刑事案件,尽可能撇清省市两级政府的监管责任,也尽可能避免舆情聚焦在当地的环境污染问题。

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殊不知,园长指示购买彩绘原料给孩子投毒这种完全违背常理的说法激发了公众更强烈而广泛的质疑,令人不得不怀疑背后有什么更大的阴谋与黑幕。

[…]

但归根究底,当地政府是不冤的。

惯性的维稳思路让他们选择第一时间指使医院造假数据掩盖真相,急于甩脱责任的想法使得他们在第二份通报中刻意误导,再加上铅中毒事件有检测结果造假的前科,第二份通报引发公众和媒体普遍质疑,那是一点都不冤的。

二、端端酱|甘肃血铅真相,远比你想象得复杂

微信公众号“端端酱”发布的一篇遭到删除的文章中,作者认为该幼儿铅中毒事件与甘肃环境污染有关。

文章写道:

天水市麦积区褐石培心幼儿园共有251名儿童接受检测,结果显示233人血铅异常,其中四成血铅水平达中度或重度中毒标准。孩子们出现腹痛、脱发、牙龈黑斑等症状,更令人震惊的是,当地检测称“正常”的孩子,在西安医院却被确诊为中度甚至重度中毒,检测结果相差几十倍。

调查通报迅速出台:两份食品样本中检出严重超标铅含量,分别高达1052 mg/kg和1340 mg/kg,源于后厨使用网购彩绘颜料(包装明示不可食用)。8人被刑拘,多位地方官员被问责。

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这一处理看似“快速而完整”,但是否也过于迅速?

本地检测与西安医院结果相差数十倍(如儿童A本地血铅值为82 μg/L,西安检测为512 μg/L),远超《血铅临床检测技术规范》允许的误差范围(±10%)。

我们有理由质疑:这起“人为添加”事件是否也落入了一个熟悉的处理模式——个体归因,系统失语。

在公共卫生和环境污染事件中,“快速定责个体、弱化结构责任”的处理逻辑并不新鲜。

这一模式往往呈现为:归责个体 → 定性孤例 → 事件结案 → 系统失改。

甘肃,污染早已不是新闻

甘肃是典型的资源型省份,相关地区长期存在铅污染历史:

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2006年 天水麦积区吴家河村:冶炼厂排放致334名儿童血铅异常;

2009年 陇南徽县:铅烟尘超标800倍,373名儿童重度超标;

2015年 金昌市:农田土壤铅浓度超200 mg/kg;

2018年 白银市:42%耕层土壤铅超标。

全国土壤监测数据显示,西北工业与农业交界地区普遍存在重金属积累,甘肃中东部干旱农业区土壤铅积累率高达72.5%。

天水这次大规模血铅异常,是否只是长期环境暴露+一次投毒叠加的结果?

[…]

铅没有颜色,也没有气味。但它可能埋在你家的土壤里、水管里、空气中,或者——治理者不愿面对的“责任黑箱”里。

“彩色发糕”或许只是一个爆发点。真正的问题,在于那背后是否存在未被识别、未被治理、未被公开的系统性暴露。

这起事件的意义,不该止步于封锅、封人、封口。而应成为一个溯源、制度改革、以及对公众信任重新构建的起点。

三、旧闻评论|官方通报不再能左右舆情

甘肃天水幼儿铅中毒事件发生后,当地民众、网民对当局的官方通报普遍不信任,认为当局掩盖了事件真相。微信公众号“旧闻评论”发布文章,对中文互联网上出现的这种对官方通报不再信任的现象进行分析,但该文遭到删除。

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文中写道:

还有更多的案例意在证明,在我们不得不面对的通报时代,以官方通报为核心建构的舆情应对模式,已经走过了其兴盛期,效期愈发短暂——事实上,每一次通报都将通报本身逼近绝境。通报不仅起不到平息舆论的作用,还发挥了扩大舆情的反作用。

官方通报与民间意见之间渐行渐远,现在差不多到了水火不容的地步。主要表现为,官方通报明知道社会疑问何在,可要么自说自话完全无视,要么蜻蜓点水不作解释。民情民意对官方通报,也从翘首以盼权威结论,到现在的轻蔑对待,嬉笑怒骂。

官方通报的性质,已经不再掩饰,无法修饰和美化。构成通报的少量信息,在节选时就服务于既定的定性;通报要么假惺惺道歉,要么不道歉,要么以“举一反三”的空头话草草结束。通报对大众意见的遮蔽,对公权的隐喻,对舆论的升级从未如此直接。

我们被迫进入官方通报时代的信息格局,其代价是大众媒体无限收缩其公共性,社会对真相的索取能力被无限制压缩。在最近两起通报之前,社会上确有迷信通报的短暂时光,那是新闻与大众错身的瞬间,现在的人们已经从“乐见新闻衰败”的愚钝中清醒。

事情已经坏到这个程度了,亦即:新闻媒体重大公共事件中的缺席,即使不乏批评声音,却也不代表官方通报的说服力有丝毫的增加。大众媒体所丧失的能力与信誉,再也不能让通报有任何的自夸。人们已经接受了新闻匮乏的社会现实,通报也成为匮乏的一部分而不是超然于匮乏。

以上是本期选读的三篇404文章。文章全文见中国数字时代网站。这些作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。

中国数字时代 CDT 致力于记录和传播中文互联网上被审查的信息,以及人们与审查对抗的努力。欢迎大家通过电报(Telegram)平台 向我们投稿,为记录和对抗中国网络审查作出你的贡献!

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Trump launches probe into Brazil's 'unfair' trade practices

Getty Images US President Donald Trump answers questions during a multilateral lunch with African leaders in the State Dining Room of the White House 9 July, 2025 in Washington, DC. Getty Images

The Trump administration says it has launched an investigation into Brazil's "unfair" trading practices.

It will include the Brazilian government's policies "related to digital trade and electronic payment services; unfair, preferential tariffs; anti-corruption interference", a statement from the US Trade Representative said.

The investigation seek to determine whether they are "unreasonable or discriminatory and burden or restrict US commerce."

Last week, US President Donald Trump urged Brazilian authorities to end their prosecution of the country's former President Jair Bolsonaro, accusing them of carrying out a "WITCH HUNT".

Trade Ambassador Jamieson Greer said that the probe was being launched at Trump's direction "into Brazil's attacks on American social media companies as well as other unfair trading practices that harm American companies, workers, farmers, and technology innovators".

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

Trump says attorney general should release any 'credible' information on Epstein

Bloomberg via Getty Images US House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Republican from Louisiana, speaks to members of the media while arriving for a meeting with Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel's prime minister on July 8, 2025.Bloomberg via Getty Images
"We should put everything on the table and let the people decide," says Johnson

US House of Representatives Speaker Mike Johnson has called for the justice department to release all its files on sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, in a split with President Donald Trump, who has sought to draw a line under the matter.

"We should put everything out there and let the people decide," Johnson, an ally of the president, said in an interview.

It came as Trump said Attorney General Pam Bondi should release "whatever she thinks is credible" on Epstein. At the weekend, the president urged supporters not to "waste time and energy" on the controversy.

Bondi is under fire after she said last week there was no evidence Epstein kept a "client list" or was blackmailing powerful figures.

Convicted paedophile Epstein's 2019 death in a US prison while awaiting federal trial was ruled to be a suicide, but many in Trump's Make America Great Again (Maga) movement suspect a cover-up.

Asked about the Epstein files on Tuesday by US conservative commentator Benny Johnson, Speaker Johnson said he was in favour of "transparency".

The Republican congressman from Louisiana added that he trusted President Trump and his team, and that the White House was privy to facts that he did not know.

But he said Bondi "needs to come forward and explain it to everybody".

Trump is facing a rare backlash from his staunchly loyal political base over their theories that details of Epstein's crimes are being withheld in order to protect influential figures, or intelligence agencies.

On Tuesday, he praised his attorney general's handling of the matter, saying: "She's handled it very well, and it's going to be up to her. Whatever she thinks is credible, she should release."

Last week the president vented frustration in the Oval Office about his supporters' fixation on Epstein and implored them to move on.

But other Republican allies of the president are not letting go of the matter.

Georgia congresswoman Marjorie Taylor-Greene told Benny Johnson in a separate interview on Tuesday: "I fully support transparency on this issue."

She praised Bondi's work as attorney general, but said that leaders and elected officials should keep their promises to voters. President Trump had previously pledged to release all details of the Epstein investigation.

Getty Images US Attorney General Pam Bondi photographed testifying before the Senate Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies in the Dirksen Senate Office Building on June 25, 2025 in Washington, DC. Getty Images
Pam Bondi has said the memo released last week on Epstein by the Department of Justice "speaks for itself."

Another conservative Republican, Lauren Boebert of Colorado, said if more Epstein files were not released, a special counsel should be appointed to investigate the financier's crimes.

Senator John Kennedy of Louisiana said the voters expect more accountability.

"I think it's perfectly understandable that the American people would like to know who he [Epstein] trafficked those women to and why they weren't prosecuted," Kennedy told NBC News.

But other influential Republicans – including Senator John Thune and congressman Jim Jordan – deferred to President Trump on the matter.

At an unrelated news conference on fentanyl on Tuesday, Bondi brushed aside questions about the controversy.

"Nothing about Epstein," she told reporters. "I'm not going to talk about Epstein."

She said last week's memo by the Department of Justice, jointly released with the FBI, declining to release any further files on Epstein "speaks for itself".

The government's findings were made, according to the memo, after reviewing more than 300 gigabytes of data.

On Tuesday, House Democratic lawmakers tried unsuccessfully to force a vote on releasing Epstein files.

Republicans pointed out the administration of President Joe Biden, a Democrat, also had access to the files, but did not release them.

Adolescence star Owen Cooper becomes Emmys' youngest supporting actor nominee

Getty Images Woman in white and black ensambleGetty Images
Quinta Brunson plays Philadelphia teacher Janine Teagues in the show Abbott Elementary

Severance, The Penguin, and The White Lotus lead the nominations for this year's Emmy TV awards.

Britt Lower, Quinta Brunson, Harrison Ford and Jeremy Allen White are among the stars competing for the top prizes for acting.

The Studio, The Bear, Abbott Elementary and Shrinking are among the contenders in the comedy categories.

The best TV shows and actors of the past year will be honoured at the awards ceremony in Los Angeles on 14 September.

Here is the full list of nominees announced on Tuesday.

The most nominated shows

The most nominated shows

27 - Severance

24 - The Penguin

23 - The White Lotus

23 - The Studio

16 - The Last of Us

14 - Andor

14 - Hacks

Getty Images Stephen Graham and Owen Cooper attend Netflix's "Adolescence" ATAS Event at Television Academy's Wolf Theatre at the Saban Media Center on 27 May, 2025 in North Hollywood, California.Getty Images
British drama Adolescence stars Stephen Graham (left) and Owen Cooper

Major categories

Outstanding drama series

  • Andor (Disney+)
  • The Diplomat (Netflix)
  • The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Paradise (Hulu)
  • The Pitt (HBO Max)
  • Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
  • The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding comedy series

  • Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • The Bear (Hulu)
  • Hacks (HBO Max)
  • Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
  • Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • What We Do in the Shadows (Hulu)

Outstanding limited or anthology series

  • Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Black Mirror (Netflix)
  • Dying for Sex (Hulu)
  • Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • The Penguin (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a drama series

  • Sterling K Brown - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Gary Oldman - Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
  • Pedro Pascal - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Adam Scott - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Noah Wyle - The Pitt (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actress in a drama series

  • Kathy Bates - Matlock (CBS)
  • Sharon Horgan - Bad Sisters (Apple TV+)
  • Britt Lower - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Bella Ramsey - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Keri Russell - The Diplomat (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actor in a comedy series

  • Adam Brody - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Seth Rogen - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Jason Segel - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Martin Short - Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
  • Jeremy Allen White - The Bear (Hulu)

Outstanding lead actress in a comedy series

  • Uzo Aduba - The Residence (Netflix)
  • Kristen Bell - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Quinta Brunson - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Ayo Edebiri - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Jean Smart - Hacks (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Colin Farrell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Stephen Graham - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Jake Gyllenhaal - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Bryan Tyree Henry - Dope Thief (Apple TV+)
  • Cooper Koch - Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Cate Blanchett - Disclaimer (Apple TV+)
  • Meghan Fehy - Sirens (Netflix)
  • Rashidah Jones - Black Mirror (Netflix)
  • Cristin Milioti - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Michelle Williams - Dying for Sex (Hulu)
Getty Images Hannah Einbinder at the 2025 PaleyFest LA "Hacks" Screening held at Dolby Theatre on 28 March, 2025 in Hollywood, CaliforniaGetty Images
Hannah Einbinder portrays Ava Daniels, a down-on-her-luck comedy writer, in Hacks

Outstanding supporting actor in a drama series

  • Zach Cherry - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Walton Goggins - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Jason Isaacs - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • James Marsden - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Sam Rockwell -The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Tramell Tillman - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • John Turturro - Severance (Apple TV+)

Outstanding supporting actress in a drama series

  • Patricia Arquette - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Carrie Coon - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Katherine LaNasa - The Pitt (HBO Max)
  • Julianne Nicholson - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Parker Posey - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Natasha Rothwell - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Aimee Lou Wood - The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding supporting actor in a comedy series

  • Ike Barinholtz - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Colman Domingo - The Four Seasons (Netflix)
  • Harrison Ford - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Jeff Hiller - Somebody Somewhere (HBO Max)
  • Ebon Moss-Bachrach - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Michael Urie - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Bowen Yang - Saturday Night Live (NBC)

Outstanding supporting actress in a comedy series

  • Liza Colón-Zayas - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Hannah Einbinder - Hacks (HBO Max)
  • Kathryn Hahn - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Janelle James - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Catherine O'Hara - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Sheryl Lee Ralph - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Jessica Williams - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
Getty Images Jeremy Allen White attends a dinner for the cast and producers of "The Bear" at Musso & Frank Grill on June 9, 2025, in Hollywood, California.Getty Images
Jeremy Allen White recently reprised his role as chef Carmen "Carmy" Berzatto in series four of The Bear

Outstanding supporting actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Javier Bardem - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • Bill Camp - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Owen Cooper - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Rob Delaney - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
  • Peter Sarsgaard - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Ashley Walters - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding supporting actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Erin Doherty - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Ruth Negga - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Deirdre O'Connell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Chloë Sevigny - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • Jenny Slate - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
  • Christine Tremarco - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding reality competition programme

  • The Amazing Race (CBS)
  • RuPaul's Drag Race (MTV)
  • Survivor (CBS)
  • Top Chef (Bravo)
  • The Traitors (NBC)

Outstanding talk series

  • The Daily Show (Comedy Central)
  • Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC)
  • The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS)
Getty Images Seth RogenGetty Images
Hollywood satire The Studio is Seth Rogen's latest venture

英伟达称美国政府批准该公司向中国出口人工智能芯片

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英伟达称美国政府批准该公司向中国出口人工智能芯片

TRIPP MICKLE
英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与特朗普总统在白宫,摄于今年4月。
英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋与特朗普总统在白宫,摄于今年4月。 Pete Marovich for The New York Times
特朗普政府曾在三个月前禁止英伟达把人工智能芯片卖给中国,现在来了个180度大转弯。
这家硅谷公司周一在博客上发帖称,美国政府已批准它向中国出口特供版的人工智能芯片H20。虽然英伟达在完成中国订单时仍需获得美国政府的许可证,但公司称,特朗普政府“已向英伟达保证将授予许可证”。
政府做出这个决定前,英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋曾在上周四与特朗普总统见面。在过去的几个月里,黄仁勋一直在游说华盛顿政界,让他们放松对人工智能芯片出口中国的限制。中国有为这家全球市值最高的上市公司带来数十亿美元销售额的潜力,就在上周,英伟达刚创下全球首家市值突破4万亿美元的历史纪录。
黄仁勋今年已多次访问中国,包括本周的北京之行,他定于周三举行新闻发布会。
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美国商务部和白宫没有立刻回复记者的置评请求。
这一逆转对美国和中国在人工智能领域的竞争意义重大。它将允许中国的科技企业重新开始购买英伟达的芯片,这些芯片被认为最适合于进行某些人工智能计算。来自H20芯片的销售预计将在本财年为英伟达提供最高150亿美元的收入。
这一转变也意味着特朗普政府放弃了在人工智能竞赛中确保美国领先于中国的标志性努力。美国政府曾担心中国军方利用人工智能芯片协调打击和研发武器,并希望保持美国在人工智能系统研发方面的领先地位。
今年1月,商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克在国会提名听证会上说,他认为英伟达和其他公司“需要停止帮助”中国,不再让中国使用“我们的工具与我们竞争”。
卢特尼克上个月曾重申过这些观点。当时他在众议院一个小组委员会对商务部预算举行的听证会上作证,在谈到中国企业时,他说,“它们试图抄袭我们的技术,虽然它们在争夺人工智能霸主地位的竞争中落后于我们,但它们为了超过我们正在与中央政府合作。”
特朗普政府此前对人工智能芯片销售的限制对英伟达构成了威胁。黄仁勋认为向中国销售芯片对英伟达的未来至关重要,因为全球50%的人工智能研发人员在中国。中国在购买芯片上花的钱也比世界任何其他地方都多。他表示,自己担心退出中国市场会让中国科技巨头华为增加销售额,并最终在海外市场上与英伟达竞争。
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黄仁勋敦促美国政府取消向中国出口人工智能芯片的限制,认为退出中国市场只会损害美国科技企业的利益。他还呼吁美国政府让世界各国使用美国公司生产的芯片和软件。
“美国的技术栈应该成为全球标准,就像美元是衡量每个国家发展水平的标准一样,”黄仁勋上周在华盛顿智库“特别竞争研究项目”录制的播客中说。
与美国政府中的许多人相比,黄仁勋对美中关系的看法更乐观。他在播客中说,中国是“竞争者和对手,不是我们的敌人”。
特朗普政府中的一些人已逐渐认同黄仁勋的观点,他们中包括白宫的人工智能和加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯。
H20并非英伟达性能最强的芯片。按照美国对中国技术出口管制的要求,英伟达降低了其性能最强的芯片H100的算力,以H20的名称销售给中国。但H20有强大的内存能力,这对进行所谓的人工智能“推理”计算至关重要。
特朗普政府的政策转向可能会在国会遇到反对。今年4月,众议院与中国共产党战略竞争特设委员会对英伟达在亚洲各地的芯片销售展开调查。该委员会正在试图评估这家芯片制造商是否在知情情况下向DeepSeek提供了关键技术,此举可能违反了美国的法规。

Tripp Mickle为时报报道苹果公司和硅谷新闻,常驻旧金山。他对苹果公司的关注包括产品发布、制造问题和政治挑战。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势,包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。

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Trump Administration Initiates Trade Investigation of Brazil

The United States has begun investigating Brazil’s trade practices and “anti-corruption interference,” after the president’s criticisms of Brazil’s treatment of Jair Bolsonaro, a Trump ally.

© Haiyun Jiang for The New York Times

Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, said he was beginning the investigation “into Brazil’s attacks on American social media companies as well as other unfair trading practices that harm American companies, workers, farmers and technology innovators.”

Columbia Expands Efforts to Fight Antisemitism as Trump Deal Seems Near

The university plans to offer additional anti-discrimination training in partnership with Jewish organizations. Some other measures could prove controversial.

© Hiroko Masuike/The New York Times

Claire Shipman, the acting president of Columbia University, said in a letter to the campus on Tuesday that committing to reform “will better enable us to recognize our shortcomings and create lasting change.”

Huckabee Calls Death of Palestinian-American in West Bank ‘Terrorism’

Mike Huckabee, the U.S. ambassador to Israel, demanded “accountability for this criminal and terrorist act,” referring to the killing last week of Sayfollah Musallet in the occupied territories.

© Eric Lee/The New York Times

Mike Huckabee, the U.S. ambassador to Israel, urged Israel to “aggressively investigate” the death of a Palestinian-American in a clash in the West Bank.

Man who murdered British backpacker Peter Falconio dies

BBC Breaking NewsBBC

Bradley Murdoch, the Australian man convicted of murdering British backpacker Peter Falconio in 2001, has died.

Murdoch, 67, was serving a life sentence at a prison in Alice Springs, in Australia's Northern Territory.

He was being treated at hospital in Alice Springs in recent weeks for terminal throat cancer.

The Northern Territory Department of Corrections told the BBC there had been a death of a man in custody.

In 2005, Murdoch was convicted of murdering Mr Falconio, but had never revealed the location of his body.

Mr Falconio was shot dead on a remote stretch of highway near the Northern Territory town of Barrow Creek, about 300km (186 miles) north of Alice Springs in July 2001.

The 28-year-old was travelling around Australia with his girlfriend, Joanne Lees, also from the UK, at the time.

Murdoch was also convicted of the attempted kidnap and assault of Ms Lees, who managed to escape by hiding in outback scrub for several hours before she was able to signal for help.

Murdoch was 43 when he committed the crimes.

The ordeal partly inspired the 2001 horror film Wolf Creek.

Last month police in Australia announced a new reward of up to A$500,000 (£240,000) for information leading to the discovery of the remains of the murdered British backpacker.

Acting Commander Mark Grieve of Northern Territory Police told a press conference in late June: "Police still hold out hope that someone might be able to provide some vital information to assist in this search."

"We recognise the passage of time that has transpired but it is never to late to reach out and start that conversation with police," Grieve said.

He said in that press conference police had "made numerous approaches" to Murdoch, including in June, but said that "unfortunately... on all occasions he has chosen not to engage with police".

Acting Commander Grieve said he wanted to "try and at least bring some sliver of resolution to Peter's family by bringing home his remains" - and said they had spoken to family about the reward.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

You can receive Breaking News on a smartphone or tablet via the BBC News App. You can also follow @BBCBreaking on X to get the latest alerts.

Adolescence star Owen Cooper becomes Emmys' youngest supporting actor nominee

Getty Images Woman in white and black ensambleGetty Images
Quinta Brunson plays Philadelphia teacher Janine Teagues in the show Abbott Elementary

Severance, The Penguin, and The White Lotus lead the nominations for this year's Emmy TV awards.

Britt Lower, Quinta Brunson, Harrison Ford and Jeremy Allen White are among the stars competing for the top prizes for acting.

The Studio, The Bear, Abbott Elementary and Shrinking are among the contenders in the comedy categories.

The best TV shows and actors of the past year will be honoured at the awards ceremony in Los Angeles on 14 September.

Here is the full list of nominees announced on Tuesday.

The most nominated shows

The most nominated shows

27 - Severance

24 - The Penguin

23 - The White Lotus

23 - The Studio

16 - The Last of Us

14 - Andor

14 - Hacks

Getty Images Stephen Graham and Owen Cooper attend Netflix's "Adolescence" ATAS Event at Television Academy's Wolf Theatre at the Saban Media Center on 27 May, 2025 in North Hollywood, California.Getty Images
British drama Adolescence stars Stephen Graham (left) and Owen Cooper

Major categories

Outstanding drama series

  • Andor (Disney+)
  • The Diplomat (Netflix)
  • The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Paradise (Hulu)
  • The Pitt (HBO Max)
  • Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
  • The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding comedy series

  • Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • The Bear (Hulu)
  • Hacks (HBO Max)
  • Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
  • Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • What We Do in the Shadows (Hulu)

Outstanding limited or anthology series

  • Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Black Mirror (Netflix)
  • Dying for Sex (Hulu)
  • Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • The Penguin (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a drama series

  • Sterling K Brown - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Gary Oldman - Slow Horses (Apple TV+)
  • Pedro Pascal - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Adam Scott - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Noah Wyle - The Pitt (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actress in a drama series

  • Kathy Bates - Matlock (CBS)
  • Sharon Horgan - Bad Sisters (Apple TV+)
  • Britt Lower - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Bella Ramsey - The Last of Us (HBO Max)
  • Keri Russell - The Diplomat (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actor in a comedy series

  • Adam Brody - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Seth Rogen - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Jason Segel - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Martin Short - Only Murders in the Building (Hulu)
  • Jeremy Allen White - The Bear (Hulu)

Outstanding lead actress in a comedy series

  • Uzo Aduba - The Residence (Netflix)
  • Kristen Bell - Nobody Wants This (Netflix)
  • Quinta Brunson - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Ayo Edebiri - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Jean Smart - Hacks (HBO Max)

Outstanding lead actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Colin Farrell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Stephen Graham - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Jake Gyllenhaal - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Bryan Tyree Henry - Dope Thief (Apple TV+)
  • Cooper Koch - Monsters: The Lyle and Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)

Outstanding lead actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Cate Blanchett - Disclaimer (Apple TV+)
  • Meghan Fehy - Sirens (Netflix)
  • Rashidah Jones - Black Mirror (Netflix)
  • Cristin Milioti - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Michelle Williams - Dying for Sex (Hulu)
Getty Images Hannah Einbinder at the 2025 PaleyFest LA "Hacks" Screening held at Dolby Theatre on 28 March, 2025 in Hollywood, CaliforniaGetty Images
Hannah Einbinder portrays Ava Daniels, a down-on-her-luck comedy writer, in Hacks

Outstanding supporting actor in a drama series

  • Zach Cherry - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Walton Goggins - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Jason Isaacs - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • James Marsden - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Sam Rockwell -The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Tramell Tillman - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • John Turturro - Severance (Apple TV+)

Outstanding supporting actress in a drama series

  • Patricia Arquette - Severance (Apple TV+)
  • Carrie Coon - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Katherine LaNasa - The Pitt (HBO Max)
  • Julianne Nicholson - Paradise (Hulu)
  • Parker Posey - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Natasha Rothwell - The White Lotus (HBO Max)
  • Aimee Lou Wood - The White Lotus (HBO Max)

Outstanding supporting actor in a comedy series

  • Ike Barinholtz - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Colman Domingo - The Four Seasons (Netflix)
  • Harrison Ford - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Jeff Hiller - Somebody Somewhere (HBO Max)
  • Ebon Moss-Bachrach - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Michael Urie - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
  • Bowen Yang - Saturday Night Live (NBC)

Outstanding supporting actress in a comedy series

  • Liza Colón-Zayas - The Bear (Hulu)
  • Hannah Einbinder - Hacks (HBO Max)
  • Kathryn Hahn - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Janelle James - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Catherine O'Hara - The Studio (Apple TV+)
  • Sheryl Lee Ralph - Abbott Elementary (ABC)
  • Jessica Williams - Shrinking (Apple TV+)
Getty Images Jeremy Allen White attends a dinner for the cast and producers of "The Bear" at Musso & Frank Grill on June 9, 2025, in Hollywood, California.Getty Images
Jeremy Allen White recently reprised his role as chef Carmen "Carmy" Berzatto in series four of The Bear

Outstanding supporting actor in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Javier Bardem - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • Bill Camp - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Owen Cooper - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Rob Delaney - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
  • Peter Sarsgaard - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Ashley Walters - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding supporting actress in a limited or anthology series or movie

  • Erin Doherty - Adolescence (Netflix)
  • Ruth Negga - Presumed Innocent (Apple TV+)
  • Deirdre O'Connell - The Penguin (HBO Max)
  • Chloë Sevigny - Monsters: The Lyle And Erik Menendez Story (Netflix)
  • Jenny Slate - Dying For Sex (Hulu)
  • Christine Tremarco - Adolescence (Netflix)

Outstanding reality competition programme

  • The Amazing Race (CBS)
  • RuPaul's Drag Race (MTV)
  • Survivor (CBS)
  • Top Chef (Bravo)
  • The Traitors (NBC)

Outstanding talk series

  • The Daily Show (Comedy Central)
  • Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC)
  • The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS)
Getty Images Seth RogenGetty Images
Hollywood satire The Studio is Seth Rogen's latest venture

Children at risk of being recruited by hostile states, police warn

Getty Images A silhouette of a boy reading the screen of a laptopGetty Images

Counter-terror police have warned the activity of hostile states on British soil is posing a growing threat and urged families to watch for signs their children are being manipulated.

Teenagers, along with petty criminals and disillusioned people, may be more vulnerable to recruitment by Russia, Iran and China, they warned.

Hostile states are increasingly using proxies to carry out acts of sabotage and targeted violence in the UK, counter-terror police said, adding that investigating such activity now accounts for about 20% of their workload.

Parents and teachers should "be inquisitive" and "seek help" if they think a child is at risk, police advised.

Since the Salisbury poisonings in 2018 – which targeted Russian double agent Sergei Skripal – there has been a five-fold increase in police work to tackle hostile activity, commanders said.

"The breadth, complexity and volume of these operations has continued to grow at a rate that I'm not sure that us, or our partners internationally, or any intelligence community predicted," Dominic Murphy, head of the Metropolitan Police's Counter-Terrorism Command, told reporters.

"We are increasingly seeing these three states, but not just these three states, undertaking threat to life operations in the United Kingdom."

The youngest person arrested or investigated on suspicion of involvement is aged in their "mid-teens", he added.

Vicki Evans, Counter Terrorism Policing's senior national co-ordinator, expressed concern other children may be encouraged online to carry out activities to earn money, without realising the implications of their actions.

"We really encourage people, parents, teachers, professionals just to be inquisitive," she said.

"If they're concerned, ask those questions, and if they think there's something they need to be concerned about, seek help and act, because we want to make sure that we're protecting people from inadvertently being drawn into this sort of activity."

The Metropolitan Police is now putting additional resources into tackling hostile state activity, with training for officers in "foreign interference" and hundreds taking part in recent exercises in how to respond.

"We're working with local force chiefs up and down the country to raise awareness and ensure that there really is an increased understanding about this threat," Ms Evans said.

Earlier this month, two low-level criminals were among five people convicted of involvement in an arson attack on a warehouse storing communications equipment for Ukraine.

Police said the attack had been ordered by Russia's Wagner group, and that one of the ringleaders, 21-year-old Dylan Earl, had been plotting to kidnap its owner, a Russian dissident.

Metropolitan Police Mugshot photos side by side of Dylan Earl (left) and Jake Reeves (right)Metropolitan Police
Small-time drug dealer Dylan Earl, left, and Jake Reeves were among the group that carried out the arson attack

The Met said it was also dealing with a "high volume" of threats from Iran, focused on those considered to be opponents of the Islamic Republic.

"We know that they are continuing to try and sow violence on the streets of the United Kingdom, they too are to some extent relying on criminal proxies to do that," Mr Murphy said.

The use of criminal proxies offers "arms-length deniability," according to Ms Evans, who blames the rising threat on the "continued erosion of the rule-based international order".

The warnings came in the first specific briefing for journalists from counter-terrorism police on the threat of hostile state activity.

"Foreign regimes are more willing than ever to undertake aggressive actions overseas," Ms Evans said.

Retrial for spy chief who assassinated South Korean president begins

Watch: 1979 news report on the assassination of President Park Chung-hee

Two gunshots.

That is how Yoo Seok-sul begins recounting the night of Friday, 26 October, 1979.

A former security guard in the Korea Central Intelligence Agency, or KCIA, as the South's spy division was known, Yoo has many stories to tell. But this is perhaps the most infamous.

He remembers the time - nearly 19:40 - and where he had been sitting - in the break room. He was resting after his shift guarding the entrance to the low-rise compound where President Park Chung-hee entertained his most trusted lieutenants. They called it the "safe house".

In his 70s now, wiry with sharp eyes, Yoo speaks hesitantly at first - but it comes back to him quickly. After the first shots, more gunfire followed, he says. The guards were on high alert but they waited outside for orders. The president's security detail was inside, along with the KCIA's top agents.

Then Yoo's boss, a KCIA officer who oversaw security for the safe house, stepped outside. "He came over and asked me to bury something in the garden." It was two guns, bullets and a pair of shoes. Flustered, Yoo followed orders, he says.

He did not know who had been shot, and he didn't ask.

"I never imagined that it was the president."

National Archives of Korea Kim Jae-kyu sitting between soldiers during the trial in 1979National Archives of Korea
Kim Jae-kyu in military court during the trial in 1979

The guns Yoo buried were used to assassinate Park Chung-hee, who had ruled South Korea for the previous 18 years, longer than any president before or since. The man who shot him was his long-time friend Kim Jae-gyu, who ran the much-feared KCIA, a pillar of Park's dictatorship.

That Friday shook South Korea, ending Park Chung-hee's stifling rule and ushering in another decade under the military. Kim was executed for insurrection, along with five others.

Now, 46 years later, that night is back in the spotlight as a court retries Kim Jae-gyu to determine if his actions amounted to treason. He has remained a deeply polarising figure - some see him as a killer blinded by power and ambition, others as a patriot who sacrificed himself to set South Korea on the path to democracy. The president he killed is no less divisive, lauded for his country's economic rise and reviled for his authoritarian rule.

Kim's family fought for the retrial, arguing that he cannot be remembered as a traitor. They will now have their day in the Seoul High Court just as impeached president Yoon Suk Yeol goes on trial for the same charge that sent Kim to the gallows.

Yoon's martial law order last December was short-lived but it threw up questions about South Korean democracy - and that may influence how the country sees a man who shot dead a dictator he claimed was on the brink of unleashing carnage.

Was Kim trying to seize power for himself or to spark a revolution, as he claimed in court?

Getty Images Park Chung-hee standing in front of a painting a flower vase  Getty Images
Park Chung-hee ruled South Korea for 18 years

When news of the shooting broke in the morning, it sent shockwaves through South Korea. Initial reports called it "accidental".

What was left of Park's coterie tried to make sense of what had happened. Kim had been a close ally since Park seized power in a coup in 1961. They shared a hometown and had started out together at the military academy.

Veteran journalist Cho Gab-je acknowledges that Kim seemed uncomfortable with some of Park's actions, but "there's no record that Kim actually acted on those concerns, no evidence he released political prisoners, clashed with Park, or submitted formal objections".

Kim told the court he had thought about killing Park at least three times. But history shows he supported Park as he tightened his grip, abolishing direct presidential elections and term limits, allowing him to control the National Assembly and even suspend constitutional rights.

"My brother was never the kind of person who would commit such an act just to become president," insists his sister Kim Jung-sook, who is now 86.

But he ran the KCIA, which was notorious for jailing, torturing and even framing innocent students, dissidents and opposition figures with false charges.

"They tortured people, fabricated charges, and imprisoned them… and if you criticised that, you'd get arrested too," says Father Ham Se-woong, who was imprisoned twice in the 1970s for criticising the government.

Kim was not a saviour many could accept. But that is the mantle he took on, according to court transcripts that were not widely reported at the time. He told the judges he believed it was imperative to stop Park, whose ruthlessness could plunge South Korea into chaos and cost them a critical ally, the United States.

"I do not wish to beg for my life, as I have found a cause to die for," he said, although he asked the court to spare his men who followed his orders - "innocent sheep", he called them. He said he had hoped to pave the way for a peaceful transition of power, which had eluded his country so far.

On hearing about this back then, even a fierce critic like Father Ham tried launching a campaign for him. "He wanted to prevent further bloodshed. That's why we had to save him," he says.

Father Ham ended up in prison again for his efforts, as the trial became a sensitive subject. The country was under martial law. Days after the trial started - on December 12 - the man who led the investigation into the assassination, General Chun Doo-hwan, seized power in a coup.

Suhnwook Lee/ BBC News A grey-haired Kim Jung-sook in a white blouse in front of stacked bookshelves.Suhnwook Lee/ BBC News
Kim Jung-sook has been fighting for years for a retrial of her brother's case

Proceedings in the military court moved at lightning speed. On 20 December, it convicted Kim of trying to seize power through murder, and six others of aiding him. Yoo was sentenced to three years in prison for hiding the guns.

By 20 May the following year, Kim had lost his final appeal. Four days later he was hanged, along with three others. One was spared and another had been executed earlier. Kim died as the army brutally suppressed a pro-democracy uprising, killing 166 civilians in the city of Gwangju.

"I got the impression that Chun Doo-hwan was trying to quickly wrap up anything related to the previous regime in order to seize power for himself," says Kim Jung-sook.

She says she saw her brother just once through all this, a week before he was executed: "I think he sensed it might be the last time. So he bowed deeply to my mother as a goodbye."

Yoo survived but he says after he was free, he was followed for years: "I couldn't get a job. Even when I returned to my hometown, they kept tailing me. I couldn't say a word about the case." He now works as an attendant in a private parking lot outside Seoul.

Ms Kim says her family did not speak up until about 10 years ago. After South Korea became a democracy, Park's image recovered, improved by time and wealth. His daughter became president, often defending his legacy for its economic record.

It was her downfall - following massive protests over a corruption scandal - that threw open the door to revisit Kim Jae-gyu's conviction.

National Archives of Korea Kim Jae-gyu, left, shaking hands with Park Chung-hee - both of them in suits in a black and white photo.National Archives of Korea
Kim Jae-gyu (L) and Park Chung-hee were close friends

"This case should never have gone to a military court because the assassination happened before martial law was declared," says Lee Sang-hee, the lawyer in charge of his retrial. She adds that the "sloppy transcripts" would have influenced his appeal because the defence was not allowed to record the proceedings.

"When I reviewed the documents, I couldn't understand how he could be convicted of insurrection when there was such little evidence. And above all, there was torture," she says, which the court cited as a valid reason when it agreed in February to a retrial.

It accepted Kim's statement, which he submitted in his unsuccessful appeal in 1980, alleging "the investigators beat me indiscriminately and used electric torture by wrapping an EE8 phone line around my fingers".

Reports at the time alleged that Kim Jae-gyu's wife had been detained and tortured too, along with her brother-in-law and brothers, which officials at the time denied.

Now in her 90s, his wife has always been opposed to a retrial.

"She never talked about what she had gone through and trembles even now," Kim Jung-sook, the spy chief's sister, says.

Ms Kim is resolute in her defence of her brother, repeatedly emphasising that "he was a man of integrity".

"Because we believe that he did not kill the president and his security chief for personal gain, we have been able to endure all of this."

Kim family A black and white family photo of Kim Jae-gyuKim family
Kim Jae-gyu is the first man standing from the left in this old family photo

The security chief was Cha Ji-cheol, who had been growing closer to Park, and often clashed with Kim as the two men vied for the president's ear.

In the weeks before the assassination, they differed on how to deal with Kim Young-sam, an outspoken opposition leader who Park saw as a threat. In an interview with the New York Times, the opposition leader had called on the US to end Park's dictatorship. The National Assembly, controlled by Park, expelled him.

The decision kicked off huge protests in Kim Young-Sam's strongholds. Cha wanted to crush the uprising, while Kim Jae-gyu advised caution, which would also reassure a Washington that was growing impatient with Park's rule.

Kim told the court he warned against firing at protesters, which would only ignite anger - to which Cha said, "three million died in Cambodia, and nothing happened. If we kill one million demonstrators, we'll be fine".

That evening at the safe house, the public broadcaster reported that the US ambassador was going to meet Kim Young-sam.

An angry Park criticised Kim Jae-gyu for not arresting the opposition leader. When Kim pushed back, the court heard, Park retorted: "The agency should be feared, it should prosecute those who deserve it."

Alamy Kim holding a gun as he re-enacts the scene of the shooting, while investigating officers watch .Alamy
Kim holding a gun as he re-enacts the scene of the shooting, while investigating officers watch

They sat across from each other, sipping Scotch and sharing a meal. Park sat between two women, a popular singer and a young model. Cha and Park's chief of staff were also there.

The terse exchanges continued, and mid-way through a love song, Kim Jae-gyu said, he pulled out the gun, aimed it at Park and told him he needed to change his politics: "Sir, you should approach things with a more magnanimous vision - so this is not just about you."

Turning to a shocked Cha, he cursed as he pulled the trigger, wounding him in the hand as Cha tried to block the shot. Then Kim fired into Park's chest. Outside, acting on his orders, KCIA agents shot dead the president's security detail - two were eating dinner, and two were on standby.

Kim tried shooting the president again, but the pistol malfunctioned. He ran out to one of his men, who gave him a revolver. Having returned, he killed Cha a fleeing Cha, walked towards Park, who was leaning against the model as he bled, and shot him in the head.

The two women left unharmed after being paid to keep quiet. The president's chief of staff was never targeted.

Kim then went to the next building, where the army chief he had summoned earlier was waiting. The men left in a car for KCIA headquarters.

It's likely he didn't argue with Kim - even a shoe-less, suspiciously rattled Kim was powerful, and his men guarded the compound. But en route he was persuaded to go to army headquarters, where he was arrested soon after midnight.

Kim told the court he had planned to use the army, perhaps even impose martial law, to complete the "revolution" and transition to democracy.

This is the crux of the retrial. The prosecution had argued it was a premeditated coup, while Kim claimed far loftier motives.

But sceptics point to the lack of planning. The gun that jammed was plucked from a safe before dinner, there were enough witnesses to derail the plot, and he did not seem to have a strategy for his "revolution". He did not even make it to the KCIA headquarters.

Alamy A black and white photo of Kim Jae-gyu  Alamy
Kim Jae-gyu during the trial

They say it may well have been an impulsive act of revenge by a man whose power was waning.

That's what the army general investigating the murders alleged two days later - Kim, second only to the president, had so much to lose as Park sidelined him in favour of Cha Ji-cheol.

The following month, he also charged Kim with attempting a coup.

"For a charge of insurrection to be proved, the accused must forcibly halt the function of constitutional institutions, but that didn't happen in this case," says lawyer Lee Sang-hee.

Unlike in impeached president Yoon's case - where the court will decide if he directed the military to block parliamentary proceedings - there is no evidence Kim Jae-gyu tried to seize control of state institutions, she argues.

For South Korea though, the retrial is more than that. Many see it as a defining moment to reflect on the trajectory of a democracy threatened just six months ago.

It is also an opportunity to re-evaluate Park Chung-hee, whose legacy some say is overstated. "His achievements were real, but so were his faults," says Kim Duol, an economics professor at Myungji University. "Would South Korea's growth have been possible without such an authoritarian regime?"

Kim's family hopes his retrial will shed a kinder light on his legacy. Killing Park was "a painful decision", Kim had told the court, but he had "shot at the heart of Yusin [the regime] with the heart of a wild beast".

Is that enough to make the former spy chief a hero? That is a question the court cannot answer.

Storm Threat Moves South Toward Virginia

Lingering showers were forecast for the New York City area, but heavy rain and threats of flash flooding were shifting south on Tuesday.

© Vincent Alban/The New York Times

Stormy weather in New York City on Monday. A few lingering showers are expected across parts of the New York City area, New Jersey, Long Island and southern Connecticut on Tuesday.

Man who murdered British backpacker Peter Falconio dies

BBC Breaking NewsBBC

Bradley Murdoch, the Australian man convicted of murdering British backpacker Peter Falconio in 2001, has died.

Murdoch, 67, was serving a life sentence at a prison in Alice Springs, in Australia's Northern Territory.

He was being treated at hospital in Alice Springs in recent weeks for terminal throat cancer.

The Northern Territory Department of Corrections told the BBC there had been a death of a man in custody.

In 2005, Murdoch was convicted of murdering Mr Falconio, but had never revealed the location of his body.

Mr Falconio was shot dead on a remote stretch of highway near the Northern Territory town of Barrow Creek, about 300km (186 miles) north of Alice Springs in July 2001.

The 28-year-old was travelling around Australia with his girlfriend, Joanne Lees, also from the UK, at the time.

Murdoch was also convicted of the attempted kidnap and assault of Ms Lees, who managed to escape by hiding in outback scrub for several hours before she was able to signal for help.

Murdoch was 43 when he committed the crimes.

The ordeal partly inspired the 2001 horror film Wolf Creek.

Last month police in Australia announced a new reward of up to A$500,000 (£240,000) for information leading to the discovery of the remains of the murdered British backpacker.

Acting Commander Mark Grieve of Northern Territory Police told a press conference in late June: "Police still hold out hope that someone might be able to provide some vital information to assist in this search."

"We recognise the passage of time that has transpired but it is never to late to reach out and start that conversation with police," Grieve said.

He said in that press conference police had "made numerous approaches" to Murdoch, including in June, but said that "unfortunately... on all occasions he has chosen not to engage with police".

Acting Commander Grieve said he wanted to "try and at least bring some sliver of resolution to Peter's family by bringing home his remains" - and said they had spoken to family about the reward.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly. Please refresh the page for the fullest version.

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Mike Waltz grilled over Signal leak at UN ambassador hearing

UN ambassador nominee Mike Waltz asked about Signal chat leak

Donald Trump's former national security adviser Mike Waltz has faced scrutiny from US senators over his role in a sensitive Signal group chat in which officials discussed sensitive war plans.

Waltz appeared before a hearing on Tuesday seeking Senate confirmation as Trump's nominee for ambassador to the United Nations, following his removal from his former post in May.

Under questioning from Democrats, Waltz maintained he did not share classified information in the chat, which accidentally included a journalist.

The March incident, which became known as "Signalgate", threw the White House into turmoil and sparked a debate about the administration's cybersecurity.

Waltz convened the group chat on Signal that also included Secretary of Defence Pete Hegseth, Vice President JD Vance, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio, as well as several other top administration officials to discuss an imminent strike on the Houthi rebel group in Yemen.

The editor-in-chief of the Atlantic magazine, Jeffery Goldberg, was also added to the highly sensitive chat and ultimately reported on his participation, and the chat's contents.

Amid the fallout, Waltz appeared on Fox News to take "full responsibility" for building the group chat, adding that it was "embarrassing". Waltz and the White House have maintained no classified information was shared in the chat.

Waltz was removed from his post in May by Trump who nominated him for US ambassador to the UN.

Despite opposition from some Democrats, he will likely be confirmed since Republicans hold a majority in the US Senate.

At the hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, said he hoped to hear Waltz express "regret over sharing what was very sensitive, timely information about a military strike on a commercially available app."

Signal was not "an appropriate, secure means of communicating highly sensitive information," Senator Coons said.

"That engagement was driven by and recommended by the Cyber Security Infrastructure Security Agency, by the Biden administration," Waltz responded. He argued that the use of Signal was "not only authorised" but "highly recommended."

"This was demonstrably sensitive information," Senator Coons said, and asked Waltz if he was investigated for the expansion of the Signal group to include a journalist.

"The White House conducted an investigation and my understanding is the Department of Defence is still conducting an investigation," Waltz responded.

Senator Tim Kaine, a Democrat from Virginia, also asked Waltz whether the Pentagon investigations into Secretary Hegseth were ongoing.

Waltz responded that he should not, and could not, comment on an ongoing investigation but maintained no classified information was shared.

Murmurs, a Trump post and a surprise - How Waltz's removal unfolded

In contrast, Waltz's fellow Republicans on the committee largely avoided the Signal matter, instead focusing on US funding to the United Nations and asking how he would engage with China's rising influence.

Senator Rick Scott, a Florida Republican who once served alongside Waltz in the US House of Representatives, called him a "man of integrity, grit, and principle."

Waltz's nomination to be the US's lead envoy at the UN comes amid international uncertainty about America's role on the world stage and the strength of its commitments to foreign allies.

The position would play a key role in representing US interests abroad at a time when the Trump administration has slashed billions in foreign aid and fired thousands of staffers at the State Department and US Agency for International Development (USAID).

Senator Mike Barrasso, a Wyoming Republican, asked Waltz about his "commitment to reviewing every dollar going to the UN to ensure our taxpayer dollars are being used wisely."

In response, Waltz listed a series of international organisations and projects that he said the US helped fund that he believed deserved review, including several climate-focused entities like the UN Environment Programme, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, and more.

"I think it is incumbent on this administration to say, what's it doing, is it making us safer, stronger, and more prosperous, and are we getting enough bang for our buck," Waltz said.

Under-pressure BBC boss getting tough after controversies

The past weeks have put serious pressure on Tim Davie's leadership. Today, I saw that up close.

For a usually very slick performer, he looked shaken. I wanted to know if he had considered resigning in the face of the recent controversies. He said he had not, but admitted it had been "a very, very tough time".

Earlier Davie had launched the BBC's annual report on Zoom, with journalists remotely asking questions in the Q&A box and no cameras allowed into the room for us to record and use his answers.

We were considering making clear to our audiences that - on such an important day for the BBC - nobody from the top of the corporation was being put in front of a camera to be interviewed on a range of issues, which were both of public interest and specifically relevant to licence fee payers.

Hours later, Mr Davie agreed to a face-to-face interview, which took place just after it was announced that the BBC and Banijay UK were not renewing John Torode's contract as MasterChef presenter.

I usually interview the director general at times of crisis for the BBC. That's the way these things work. To be fair to him, he always makes it clear that my job is to ask him questions without fear or favour. He knows part of his job is to be held to account.

But it's been a very bumpy time, even by BBC standards. The Gaza documentary with a child narrator who later turned out to be the son of a Hamas official, another film about doctors in Gaza pulled before transmission, issues around the BBC livestreaming the punk duo Bob Vylan's set at Glastonbury and the growing controversy surrounding MasterChef - all land at his door.

His leadership has been called into question, not least recently by the culture secretary. She called it a "series of catastrophic failures".

'I felt pressure'

It was obvious today it had been taking its toll. As director general, he's insistent and wholehearted in his defence of the BBC and his role leading that. But as a man, you can sense the last weeks have been testing.

His interview style is to look straight at the person doing the interview. He usually measures his words carefully, although today, on a couple of points he was a little less fluent. Some of his answers - for example when he was talking about he and his team making "clear, strong decisions" in the face of challenges - sounded a bit rehearsed.

However, an unexpected by-product of him sounding less confident was that he also managed to sound, at times, more human. The last week has clearly left him frustrated and for once, he let that show. There was no hiding it when he said rather plainly: "I felt pressure".

It brings to mind the recent public debate about Rachel Reeves and her tears in the Commons. Whatever we think of the decisions made by those in public service, what impact does it have on them as people when they are under such intense scrutiny. Should that even matter?

But they don't call him Teflon Tim for nothing - and he survives, for the moment. Even if he is wounded.

The BBC today was signalling it is getting a grip on bad behaviour in the workplace. It's something Samir Shah, chairman of the BBC, promised after the Huw Edwards scandal.

Now Gregg Wallace is gone, John Torode is gone. Three staff members have been asked to "step back" from their roles after Glastonbury. And we've now learnt that several people have been sacked in light of the BBC's culture review.

The clear messaging: Teflon Tim and his team are getting tough.

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