Democrats Are Increasing Inequality
© Madeleine Hordinski for The New York Times
© Madeleine Hordinski for The New York Times
法国总统马克龙已决定在本周五晚上之前任命一位新总理,至少负责为国家制定预算。他会选择谁?
像往常一样,在这种情况下,有几个名字在流传或被试探。勒科尔努会再次出任总理吗?总统是否会转向左翼的前社会党成员贝尔纳·卡泽讷或皮埃尔·莫斯科维奇?
另一个名字也不断被提起,那就是现年74岁的让-路易·博尔洛(Jean-Louis Borloo)。他曾任右翼总统希拉克和萨科齐的部长,是一位曾经有活力有政绩,也有人脉人缘的中派政客。
据支持者的说法,博尔洛符合多个条件:首先他不会参加下届总统选举,并且能与左右各派进行交流。虽然博尔洛周四早上表示“与爱丽舍宫没有任何联系”,但他仍可依靠支持者帮助将他的简历推到总统办公桌上的优先位置。
博尔洛的支持者还真不少,并充满信心地向高层表明,他是最合适的人选,因为博尔洛脚踏实地,是一个有共识的人,他超越了争斗,等等。
总统马克龙是否会与博尔洛有较大的合作空间呢?马克龙2017年刚当选总统时,曾经埋葬了一份出自博尔罗的关于整治法国郊区的报告,这令两人的关系降温。七年过去了,两人还需要缓和关系。
中间派的博尔洛如果担任法国总理,他能否在激进左派和极右派各占三分之一的法国议会中找到一个相对多数派呢?如果极右的“国民联盟”和大部分左派会自动对总理博尔洛的预算案进行否决,法国传统右翼的“共和派”党人仍对博尔洛评价不错。
至于左翼社会党,他们则可能持保留态度,他们仍呼吁马克龙选择一位来自左翼的总理,这样,他们就不一定会按下否决预算案的红色按钮,尤其是如果养老金改革被暂停的话。
美国总统特朗普(Donald Trump)表示,预计在本月底与中国国家主席习近平会晤后,北京将恢复购买美国大豆。然而,白宫官员警告,在联邦政府仍未重新开放的情况下,对受困农民的补贴方案将被延后。
根据彭博社报导,特朗普周四在白宫对记者说,他计划在10月底亚太经合组织(APEC)峰会期间与习近平进行会谈,并将大豆议题列为优先关切,向他施加压力,以结束中国长达数月购买美国大豆的禁令。
他说:“大豆这件事,我们会看到越来越多的进展。他(习近平)有想和我讨论的事,我也有要和他谈的事,其中之一就是大豆。”
这场美中贸易战对美国农业界带来严重冲击,尤其是大豆农户首当其冲。中国作为全球最大的大豆进口国,于今年春季停止从美国进口此一关键农作物,作为对特朗普政府祭出高额关税的报复措施。尽管双方达成部分贸易停火协议,中国依然将采购重心转向巴西与阿根廷等其他出口国。
在此之前,特朗普政府计划推动农业补助,原先最早将在本周公布,不过,农业部长罗琳斯(Brooke Rollins)指出,政府暂时无法启动对农民的援助计划,原因在于联邦政府仍处于资金停摆状态。她在白宫内阁会议上表示:“我们必须先让政府重新运作,之后才能推出一项有助于农民长期发展的重大方案。”
大豆农民正面临销售市场萎缩的压力,尤其是曾大力支持特朗普的农业州,因中国长期停止采购导致农产品滞销。来自密苏里州的第四代农民阿诺德(Brad Arnold)告诉美国“福克斯新闻”(FOX News):“中国不买我们的大豆,对我们的营运与收入造成巨大影响。”他说,虽然国内有生质柴油等替代用途,但规模过小,无法弥补失去中国这个主要买家的损失。
“我们更希望的是贸易,而不是政府补助。”阿诺德强调,农民在土地与设备上的投资庞大,并非能轻易退出的产业。他说:“你不能今天不种田了,明天就改行。这是长期且沉重的财务承诺。”
根据美国大豆协会(ASA)数据,在2018年贸易战爆发前,美国平均每年将28%的大豆出口至中国。然而该数字于2018-19年度骤降至11%,虽于疫情期间回升至31%,至2023-24年又降至22%。
协会首席经济学家格尔特(Scott Gerlt)指出,目前正值收成季节,年轻农民面临高风险,急需市场恢复或临时援助。他警告:“如果我们现在退出市场,只会促使南美国家继续扩大生产,长远来看不利美国农民。”
来自伊利诺州的农民加夫纳(Scott Gaffner)告诉美国媒体CBS,以往大多数来自他600英亩土地的大豆都销往中国,但今年无单可接,只能将收成暂存于谷仓等待行情回升。 “我们很焦虑,不明白为何这么久还未解决。”他批评美中高层在西班牙会面却关注TikTok而非农业,“我们的收割时钟正在滴答作响,时间不等人。”
加夫纳认为,一次性补贴并非长远之计。 “我们不想要援助,我们要的是贸易。如果中国转向他国建立稳定供应链,未来即使美中关系恢复,也难以重拾市场。这对下一代而言,是个巨大的损失。”他儿子科迪(Cody)则坦言:“若我继续务农,还得找第二份工作养家。”
美国大豆协会主席拉格兰德(Caleb Ragland)同样表达忧虑,他种植4,000英亩的大豆、玉米与小麦。他在雅虎财经的访问上坦言,与中国的贸易战正在摧毁产业,“新一季大豆销往中国的订单为零,这对我们产业是五级警报。”
中国过去为美国大豆最大买家,占出口总量25%。但自贸易战起,中国转向巴西购买,使巴西在产量与出口上超越美国,成为全球第一。
The US National Basketball Association (NBA) will return to China this week for the first time since 2019.
Two pre-season games are scheduled for Friday and Sunday between the Brooklyn Nets and the Phoenix Suns at an arena in Macau's Venetian casino and hotel.
China effectively froze the NBA out six years ago when one of the organisation's managers wrote in support of pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong, a former British colony that has seen a clampdown on civil liberties.
The games come after the NBA and Chinese technology giant Alibaba announced a multi-year partnership at the end of last year. The Brooklyn Nets are owned by the company's chair, Joseph Tsai.
It is the first time an NBA fixture has been played in Macau - a special administrative region like Hong Kong, known for its casinos - since 2007.
The NBA has cast the games as part of efforts to tap into a burgeoning viewership of American basketball in the country, with commissioner Adam Silver telling news agency AFP that there was "tremendous interest in the NBA throughout China".
Analysis by US sports broadcaster ESPN in 2022 suggested the value of NBA China, the arm that manages its operations in the country, was estimated at approximately $5bn (£3.7bn).
Basketball's popularity in the east Asian nation skyrocketed when Chinese player Yao Ming was drafted by the Houston Rockets in 2002.
The NBA estimated in 2019 that 300 million people in China played the sport.
The games could be interpreted as the culmination of a slow but steady reconciliation between the NBA and China, on a backdrop of tensions between Washington and Beijing over trade.
China suspended NBA broadcasts on Chinese TV channels and streaming platforms after the NBA refused to apologise or discipline then-manager of the Houston Rockets, Daryl Morey, who posted on social media: "Fight For Freedom. Stand With Hong Kong."
At the time, the city was engulfed in regular protests over the erosion of free speech and assembly rights, which culminated in China passing a security law to crack down on dissent. Beijing maintains this was necessary to maintain order.
Mr Morey backpedalled after a backlash from Chinese fans, while the NBA said it was "regrettable" that fans in China were upset and acknowledged he had "deeply offended many of our friends and fans in China".
Since then, NBA games have gradually returned to Chinese TV channels.
Chinese fans have expressed their excitement about the upcoming games.
"We'd been preparing and planning for this two months in advance," Lyu Yizhe, from Xiamen, told Reuters in Macau. "It feels extra special because we're long-time NBA fans - we've been watching since 1998, back in the Michael Jordan and Chicago Bulls era."
Mole Zeng, who travelled from Hangzhou, told the news agency: "I believe that in the future, as the NBA continues to grow in China, more and more star players will come here to meet us in person."
A South African farm worker has described to a court how he was forced by his boss to feed the bodies of two black women to pigs in an attempt to hide evidence after they were shot.
Adrian De Wet, 21, said he was told to throw the bodies inside a pig enclosure, explaining that "when pigs are hungry enough, they'll eat anything".
He admitted opening fire on the two women with his boss - farm owner Zachariah Johannes Olivier - before he ordered him to help dispose of their bodies.
Mr Olivier and another man, William Musora, are accused of murder after Maria Makgato, 45, and Lucia Ndlovu, 34, were killed while allegedly looking for food on a farm near Polokwane in South Africa's northern Limpopo province last year.
Farm supervisor Mr De Wet was also previously accused of murder, but charges were dropped by the prosecution when he turned state witness. He had argued he was under duress when he was forced to throw the bodies into the pig enclosure.
On Thursday, Mr De Wet told Polokwane High Court that he and Mr Olivier, 60, armed themselves with hunting rifles and waited for trespassers to enter the farm on the night of 17 August 2024.
He said after waiting for 30 minutes they heard voices of people talking and walking towards their direction.
They then opened fire and heard a person screaming, before inspecting the area and finding a person lying face down.
After leaving the area and going to sleep, they returned the next morning and found it was the body of a woman.
Mr De Wet said he was asked by Mr Olivier to help him throw the body inside the enclosure where eight to ten big adult pigs were kept.
The following day another body was found about 25 metres from where the first was found.
Mr Olivier, Mr De Wet and Mr Musora, 50, are said to have then thrown the second body inside the pigsty.
On the following Tuesday they returned to it and found that the pigs had bitten off large chunks of flesh on the women.
Pictures presented as exhibits in court show missing buttocks, face, thighs and shoulders.
State prosecutor Advocate George Sekhukhune asked Mr De Wet what the purpose of placing the bodies inside the pigsty was, to which he answered: "We were disposing the evidence because when pigs are hungry enough, they'll eat anything."
Mr De Wet also said Mr Olivier chopped up the hunting rifles with an angle grinder and burnt the wooden parts of the gun. They then threw away the cut up weapons including the spent cartridges inside a borehole.
The son of victim Ms Makgato cried repeatedly in court, while Mr Olivier was seen wiping away tears as Mr De Wet gave his evidence.
The case has sparked outrage across South Africa, exacerbating racial tensions between black and white people in the country.
This is especially rife in rural areas of the country, despite the end of the racist system of apartheid 30 years ago.
Most private farmland remains in the hands of the white minority, while most farm workers are black and poorly paid, fuelling resentment among the black population, while many white farmers complain of high crime rates.
Cross examination by defence lawyers of Mr Olivier and Mr Musora will resume next Wednesday.
A man arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences following the Manchester synagogue attack has been re-arrested.
Two people were killed after Jihad Al-Shamie, 35, drove a car at pedestrians and launched an attack outside Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation Synagogue in Crumpsall on 2 October.
Counter Terrorism Police said the 30-year-old man had been arrested on suspicion of commission, preparation and instigation of acts of terrorism.
It said he had been re-arrested earlier at Manchester Airport on suspicion of failing to disclose information contrary to Section 38B of the Terrorism Act 2000.
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Rishi Sunak has taken up senior part-time advisor roles at tech giant Microsoft and artificial intelligence start-up Anthropic.
The former prime minister has been told he must not lobby ministers on behalf of the companies by the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments (Acoba), an independent watchdog which oversees the activities of former government figures.
Sunak - who remains the MP for Richmond and Northallerton - will donate payments for the jobs to a charity he recently founded, the watchdog said.
During his premiership, Sunak made tech regulation a significant priority, setting up an AI safety summit in 2023.
In letters of advice sent to Sunak by Acoba and published on Thursday, his role at Microsoft was described as providing "high- level strategic perspectives" on geopolitical trends.
The watchdog said it had been informed by Sunak that his advisory role at Anthropic - an AI firm seeking to compete with companies like OpenAI, Google and Meta - would be "akin to operating as an internal think tank".
Sunak was told not to advise on bidding for UK contracts, or to lobby the government for two years from his last day in ministerial office.
In addition to the two tech roles, it was previously confirmed Sunak will act as a paid advisor to the bank Goldman Sachs, where he previously worked between 2001 and 2004.
There had been speculation that Sunak, who was in No 10 between October 2022 and July 2024, would leave the Commons to take up a Silicon Valley role shortly after the election.
He previously lived in California, where he still has a home, and held a US visa until 2021.
But in his final prime minister's questions, Sunak vowed to spend more time in his constituency, which he called "the greatest place on Earth".
"If anyone needs me, I will be in Yorkshire," he said.
Earlier this year, he founded the Richmond Project, a charity which will focus on tackling numeracy problems, another area he was vocal about while in Downing Street.
They are weird, bald, subterranean rodents that look like sausages with teeth, and they have just revealed a genetic secret to long life.
A new study of the bizarre naked mole rat shows that the animals have evolved a DNA repair mechanism that could explain their longevity.
These burrow-dwelling rats have a maximum life span of nearly 40 years, making them world's the longest-lived rodent.
The new findings, published in the journal Science, could also shed light on why naked mole rats are resistant to a wide range of age-related diseases.
The animals are resistant to cancer, deterioration of the brain and spinal cord, and arthritis, so many scientists want to understand more about how their bodies work.
For this study, led by a team at Tonji University in Shanghai, China, the focus was DNA repair - a natural process in our bodies' cells. When strands of DNA - our genetic building blocks - are damaged, a mechanism is triggered whereby another undamaged strand of DNA is used as a template to repair the break.
The focus of this research was on a particular protein that is involved in that system of damage sensing and repair.
When a cell senses the damage, one of the substances it produces is a protein called c-GAS. That plays several roles, but what was of interest to these scientists is that in humans, it interferes with and hampers the process by which DNA is knitted back together.
Scientists think that this interference could promote cancer and shorten our lifespan.
In naked mole rats though, the researchers found that the exact same protein does the opposite. It helps the body mend strands of DNA and keeps the genetic code in each cell intact.
Professor Gabriel Balmus studies DNA repair and ageing at the University of Cambridge. He said the discovery was exciting and "the tip of the iceberg" when it comes to understanding why these animals live such extraordinarily long lives.
"You can think of cGAS as a biological Lego piece - the same basic shape in humans and naked mole-rats, but in the mole-rat version a few connectors are flipped, allowing it to assemble an entirely different structure and function."
Over millions of years of evolution, Prof Balmus explained, naked mole-rats appear to have rewired the same pathway and "used it to their advantage".
"This finding raises fundamental questions: how did evolution reprogram the same protein to act in reverse? What changed? And is this an isolated case or part of a broader evolutionary pattern?"
Most importantly, scientists want to know what they can learn from these rodents to improve human health and extend quality of life with age.
"I think if we could reverse-engineer the naked mole-rat's biology," said Prof Balmus, "we might bring some much-needed therapies for an ageing society."
© Doug Mills/The New York Times