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清洁能源开发竞赛:北京大力投入资源推进核聚变研究

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清洁能源开发竞赛:北京大力投入资源推进核聚变研究

RAYMOND ZHONG, 储百亮, KEITH BRADSHER, HARRY STEVENS
畅想核聚变能源的未来:左图为美国初创企业正在建造的实验装置效果图,右图为中国实验室的研究设施,两者均处于建设阶段。
畅想核聚变能源的未来:左图为美国初创企业正在建造的实验装置效果图,右图为中国实验室的研究设施,两者均处于建设阶段。 Commonwealth Fusion Systems; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
在中国东部一座绿树成荫的校园里,施工人员正夜以继日地建造一座庞大的环形建筑,两翼延伸的双臂长度堪比航空母舰。
在中国西南部一片昔日的稻田上,一座巨型X形建筑也在高度保密的状态下紧锣密鼓地施工。直到大约一年前,研究人员通过卫星图像发现了这一设施,其存在才被广泛知晓。
这两项巨型工程是中国迄今为驾驭核聚变能源所做的最具雄心的尝试,这种能源或将彻底改变人类文明。
核聚变是将原子聚合以释放巨大能量的过程,其使用的燃料资源丰富,不存在熔毁风险,也不会产生长期放射性废物。它承诺近乎无限的能源,不仅能满足人工智能发展带来的激增电力需求,还能终结人类对化石燃料的依赖——正是对化石燃料的过度使用,让地球面临危险的升温危机。
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一个世纪前,科学家们首次构想出核聚变这种恒星能源的可能性。近几十年来,他们通过磁体和激光技术在实验室中重现核聚变过程,取得了重大进展。然而,迫使难以控制的原子发生聚合,远比核裂变(当前核能发电所采用的原子分裂技术)困难得多。
核聚变反应堆必须首先将氢加热到比太阳还高的温度,使其转化为物质的第四态等离子体,然后需要将这种处于剧烈状态的等离子体约束足够长的时间,直至原子发生聚变并释放能量。如今,中国、美国及其他国家正展开激烈竞赛,争相研发能够实现这一过程的设备,并确保其具备足够可靠性反复运行,最终为电网供能。
中美这两个世界超级大国正围绕未来能源主导权展开一场日益激烈的角逐。特朗普政府执政期间,美国致力于石油、天然气和煤炭的生产与出口;而其主要经济竞争对手中国已成为太阳能电池板、电池和电动汽车等清洁能源领域的全球主要供应国。
核聚变可能会改变两国乃至全球的能源格局。任何一个率先掌握这项技术的国家都能在全球范围内建造核电站,并与能源需求旺盛的国家建立新的联盟。但中美两国实现这一目标的战略路径却截然不同。
美国寄望于私营企业和本国的创新能力来取得突破,政府提供有针对性的支持。从东海岸到西海岸,一批初创企业为这一探索注入了新的紧迫感和创造力。
而在世界的另一端,中国政府将核聚变列为国家优先事项,正以惊人的速度调配资源推进相关研究。最近,上海一家初创企业在更短时间内基本实现了美国资金最雄厚的核聚变公司联邦聚变系统公司取得的一项工程突破。今年夏天,中国政府和私人投资者向一家新成立的国有核聚变公司注资21亿美元,仅这一笔投资就相当于美国能源部年度核聚变预算的2.5倍。
中国BEST托卡马克装置将于10月开工建设。
中国BEST托卡马克装置将于10月开工建设。 Zhou Mu/Xinhua, via Getty Images
几十年前,中国曾与法国合作开发其EAST托卡马克装置。
几十年前,中国曾与法国合作开发其EAST托卡马克装置。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
两国的进展很快可能迎来正面较量。
联邦聚变系统公司表示,其在马萨诸塞州建造的实验装置将在2027年前实现一项关键成就:产生的能量超过运行该装置所需消耗的能量。这一突破将标志着核聚变有望在未来为数据中心、钢铁厂等设施提供电力。
中国顶尖的等离子体物理实验室也设定了类似目标——位于中国东部那座双臂形建筑之内的一个名为“夸父启明”(BEST)的新型装置,也计划在未来几年内实现这一里程碑。
对中国聚变企业的投资激增——按企业所在地划分的年度聚变股权投资额。注:2025年数据截至12月5日。其他国家包括德国、英国、加拿大、日本、法国、以色列、瑞典和澳大利亚。来源:聚变能源基地
对中国聚变企业的投资激增——按企业所在地划分的年度聚变股权投资额。注:2025年数据截至12月5日。其他国家包括德国、英国、加拿大、日本、法国、以色列、瑞典和澳大利亚。来源:聚变能源基地
“时间非常紧张,”该实验室的科学家连辉表示。“即便如此,我们对实现BEST的研究目标仍充满信心。”
国家优先事项
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中国对科学研究及核聚变的重视源自国家最高领导层。
中国政府涵盖2026至2030年的五年规划承诺,将采取“超常规措施”,确保在核聚变能源及其他关键领域取得突破。中国国有核电企业正制定详细的核聚变研究提案,称其为各大国未来科技竞争的主赛道”。
仅在20年前,中国在核聚变领域还微不足道,但其通过与其他国家合作逐步发展壮大。中国曾与法国密切合作,研发出最先进的托卡马克装置(一种环形核聚变设备),并成为由33个国家参与的国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)项目的关键贡献者。在过去十年的大部分时间里,中美研究人员开展联合实验,并盛赞两国在等离子体物理领域的“长期友谊”。
Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
如今,中国的实验室和企业正在建设自主研发的尖端研究设施。中国科学院等离子体物理研究所不仅在建造新型BEST托卡马克装置,还在附近建设一个占地约40公顷的综合园区,研究人员将在那里研发和测试能在核聚变装置极端条件下运行的组件。该所科学家还在规划另一台托卡马克装置,计划在21世纪30至40年代驱动一座示范性核聚变电厂。
ITER的英裔法国物理学家理查德·皮茨于去年1月参观了BEST项目现场,当时那里还只是一片空旷的平台;而如今,该设施已完成一半建设。
皮茨表示,中国从参与ITER项目中获益良多,现在正将这些知识应用于自主创新。“每次去那里,我都会被庞大的人力规模和极高的执行效率所震惊,”他说。
然而,即便核心技术可行,核聚变反应堆也无法为世界提供能源,除非企业能以经济可行的方式实现工业规模的建造与运营。
来自中国的核聚变研究增多——《核聚变》期刊作者分布占比。注:分析排除国籍不明的作者。来源:OpenAlex(通过特殊竞争性研究项目获取)
来自中国的核聚变研究增多——《核聚变》期刊作者分布占比。注:分析排除国籍不明的作者。来源:OpenAlex(通过特殊竞争性研究项目获取)
加州大学全球冲突与合作研究所高级研究员吉米·古德里奇表示,在这方面,中国在工程和建设领域的专业知识赋予了其独特优势。“美国面临的风险是,我们可能率先找到可行的技术路径,但中国会比我们更快实现工程化和规模化应用,”他指出。
最近,联邦聚变系统公司得以窥见中国的推进速度。
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去年,该公司的科学家发表学术论文,描述了他们的一项重大成就:即将安装在马萨诸塞州新型托卡马克装置内的巨型D形磁体。这些磁体采用超低电阻导电材料制成,能够产生超强磁场。
随后在今年夏天,上海初创企业“能量奇点”的科学家发表了一篇论文,介绍了他们自主研发的、与前者极为相似的磁体。
对联邦聚变系统公司联合创始人丹尼斯·怀特而言,这绝非简单的逆向工程。如此迅速地整合供应链、调动制造专业知识来建造和测试这种磁体,展现了“令人惊叹的技术实力”。
激光路径
在中国西南部,核聚变雄心的另一条战线正以低调得多的方式快速推进。
加州劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的研究人员历经多年努力,终于在2022年底实现了令人振奋的核聚变潜力演示——其激光装置成功使氢靶丸实现“点火”,即反应产生的能量超过了激光输入的能量,与此同时,中国工程物理研究院的科学家们密切关注着这一进展。
实验室科学家连辉表示:“时间非常紧张。”他指的是中国政府设定的目标:未来几年内,BEST系统需实现短暂的能量产出超过运行消耗。
实验室科学家连辉表示:“时间非常紧张。”他指的是中国政府设定的目标:未来几年内,BEST系统需实现短暂的能量产出超过运行消耗。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
在联邦聚变系统公司于马萨诸塞州建造的托卡马克装置模型内部。
在联邦聚变系统公司于马萨诸塞州建造的托卡马克装置模型内部。 Simon Simard for The New York Times
该院一位资深科学家迅速呼吁中国跟进这一路线。
“利弗莫尔实验室的成就标志着人类历史上一项重大科学突破,”郑万国在2023年初的采访中表示,中国应“加大对核聚变能源的投资和研究力度,以激光聚变点火为主要技术路径”。
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短短一年半后,一座庞大的X形设施在绵阳市郊拔地而起。
 中国激光产业报告、科学论文和一项专利申请显示,该地点将容纳“神光四”——一座新型激光点火设施。这项以“神光”命名的设施提案,其雏形至少15年前就有了,但利弗莫尔实验室的成功似乎让这一项目驶入了快车道。
利弗莫尔实验室主任金伯利·布迪尔表示,绵阳设施的建设速度“令人惊叹”——她所在的实验室花了20年时间才建成点火设施并全面投入运行。不过,“要长期可靠、有效地运行这套系统,需要具备深厚的技术积累,而这些都是中国在推进过程中必须学习的经验。”
中国工程物理研究院的科学家们有充分理由去保密。与利弗莫尔实验室的许多研究人员一样,他们也从事核武器研究,而激光聚变技术为在不引爆实际武器的情况下研究核爆炸条件提供了途径。
专家表示,在中国国家领导人习近平治下,中国核武库迅速扩充,其军方正寻求在不违反全球核试验禁令的前提下,维护并可能升级核弹头的方法。
近几个月来,中国工程物理研究院透露,计划在四川省会成都再建一座激光点火设施——这将是一个比绵阳设施小、更偏向商业化的姊妹项目。
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曾经默默无闻的武器设计师彭先觉,如今已转型为能源创业者,力推一个从未尝试过的聚变裂变混合反应堆构想。彭先觉在今年的一份提案中写道,中国应“力争在2040年前实现商业化应用”。
合作还是脱钩
10月,法国著名物理学家阿兰·贝库莱在成都参加国际原子能机构年度核聚变会议时,清晰地感受到了中美在这一领域的分歧——会议上没有美国科学家的身影。
三位研究人员告诉《纽约时报》,特朗普政府领导下的美国能源部不鼓励美国科学家参会。该部门未回应置评请求。
“中国现在具备了创新能力,”作为ITER首席科学家的贝库莱表示。“不再是简单的复制或重复。”
中国科学院等离子体物理研究所于11月宣布,欢迎外国科学家利用其新型BEST托卡马克装置开展合作。“大门始终敞开,”负责该所海外合作的董少华表示。
然而,随着能源安全对人工智能等产业的重要性日益凸显,美国政府和产业界的许多人如今将核聚变视为一场关乎全球影响力的生死战场。
“无论谁赢得这场竞赛并成功实现技术落地,都将为本世纪余下的时间奠定基础,”华盛顿研究机构“特别竞争研究项目”负责人伊利·巴伊拉塔里表示。
美国能源部于10月发布了一份新路线图,旨在帮助核聚变产业在21世纪30年代实现发展和商业化。该文件呼吁建设和升级多个科学设施,但取消了此前由能源部牵头、计划在21世纪40年代设计和建造一座示范性核聚变电厂的倡议
该部门表示,取消这一倡议的原因是,美国初创企业已在快速推进这类电厂的建设。
一些科学家认为,美国政府需要采取更多行动。
投资者已向全球核聚变公司注入约140亿美元资金,其中76亿美元流向了美国企业。“这是一笔巨额资金,但要让这项技术最终落地,还需要更多投入,”麻省理工学院等离子体科学家乔治·泰南表示。
中国等离子体物理研究所表示,该所愿与外国科学家开展合作,这些科学家未来或将使用其新建成的BEST托卡马克装置。
中国等离子体物理研究所表示,该所愿与外国科学家开展合作,这些科学家未来或将使用其新建成的BEST托卡马克装置。 Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times
刘畅曾在美国能源部普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室担任物理学家多年。他表示,最近他试图为自己的团队招募一些年轻科学家,但实验室称没有相关预算。这类经历再加上家庭原因,促使他跳槽至中国顶尖学府之一北京大学。普林斯顿实验室发言人表示,该实验室不对人事问题发表评论。
刘畅表示,在美国,由于政府支持不足,许多核聚变研究人员转而加入初创企业。
他说,相比之下,中国官员正投入大量资源,寻求解决人类能源需求的“终极方案”。“他们真的能在重要领域投入资源。”

Li You自合肥对本文有研究贡献。

Raymond Zhong为《纽约时报》报道气候和环境议题。

储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者,自台北报道中国和台湾问题,重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长,此前曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长,以及华盛顿记者。他在新冠疫情期间常驻中国进行报道。

Harry Stevens是《纽约时报》记者和图表编辑,报道气候变化、能源和自然界新闻。

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中国公布《全民阅读促进条例》 推进书香社会建设

中国国务院总理李强签署国务院令,公布《全民阅读促进条例》,自2026年2月1日起施行。

据中新社报道,《条例》旨在促进全民阅读,推进书香社会建设,增强全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素养,提高全社会文明程度,推动建设社会主义文化强国。《条例》共六章45条,主要规定了以下内容。

一是明确总体要求。明确全民阅读促进工作指导思想,规定构建全民覆盖、普惠高效的全民阅读促进体系,强调提高出版质量,推出更多优秀出版物,推动形成全社会爱读书、读好书、善读书的浓厚氛围。

二是加大全民阅读推广力度。鼓励开展内容健康向上、展现文化底蕴、形式丰富多样的全民阅读推广活动。培育全民阅读活动品牌,做好优秀出版物推介,引导公民阅读优质内容。规定每年4月第四周为全民阅读活动周。支持利用信息技术开展全民阅读推广活动,扩大活动影响力。

三是提升全民阅读服务质量。科学合理规划建设全民阅读设施,鼓励机关、学校、企业事业单位、公共服务机构等设立相应阅读设施。规定根据实际情况采取政策措施支持实体书店发展,鼓励实体书店改善阅读条件、开展阅读活动。支持数字阅读与传统阅读相结合,要求数字阅读服务提供者加强内容管理,推送优质数字阅读内容。鼓励和支持社会力量依法参与提供阅读服务,建设公共阅读空间,开展旧书交换流通,丰富全民阅读场景。

四是强化全民阅读保障措施。扩大全民阅读覆盖面,重点扶助农村地区、革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、欠发达地区的全民阅读。强化对未成年人、残疾人、老年人等的阅读保障,规定提供适宜读物、开设阅读课程、支持全民阅读无障碍设施建设、优化适老服务标准等措施。明确制定乡村阅读计划,推动城乡基本公共文化服务均等化。

Rob and Michele Reiner's son Nick to face murder charges in parents' deaths

Watch: Prosecutor announces charges against Nick Reiner in parents' deaths

Prosecutors in Los Angeles have filed murder charges against a son of Rob and Michele Reiner, the Hollywood couple who were found dead in their home with multiple stab wounds on Sunday.

Nick Reiner, 32, is facing two counts of first-degree murder and could be sentenced to life in prison if found guilty. He will be brought to court to formally face charges after he is "medically-cleared" by prison officials, District Attorney Nathan Hochman said.

During a news conference on Tuesday, Mr Hochman also said no decision had yet been made about whether to seek the death penalty.

Rob Reiner directed several iconic films in a variety of genres, including This is Spinal Tap, Misery and A Few Good Men.

Michele Singer Reiner was an actress, photographer and producer, and the founder of Reiner Light, a photography agency and production company.

Their son Nick Reiner is facing two counts of first degree murder, "with a special circumstance of multiple murders," according to Hochman. That enhancement could lead to a stiffer sentence if he is later found guilty.

District Attorney Hochman said he also is accused of using a "dangerous and deadly weapon, that being a knife".

The suspect is currently undergoing medical testing to ensure that he can attend court. He is expected to appear before a judge later on Tuesday for an arraignment hearing, where he will be able to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.

LA Police Department Chief Jim McDonnell also spoke during the news conference, describing how the case has reverberated throughout the city.

"This case is heartbreaking and deeply personal, not only for the Reiner family and their loved ones, but for the entire city," he said.

"We extend our deepest condolences to everyone affected by this tragedy."

Getty Images Rob Reiner, Michele Singer, Romy Reiner, Nick Reiner, Maria Gilfillan and Jake Reiner at "Spinal Tap II: The End Continues" Los Angeles Premiere held at The Egyptian Theatre on September 09, 2025 in Los Angeles, California. (Getty Images
Nick Reiner (right) is accused of killing his two parents

During the news conference, officials declined to say how the suspect was located, attributing his arrest to "good, solid police work".

District Attorney Hochman added that it is too early to say whether any "mental illness" played a role in the crime, and speculated that it could come up at trial.

"If there is evidence of mental illness, it will appear in court, in whatever details the defence seeks to present," he said.

万科试图再次争取债权人支持以避免违约

万科公布一份修订后的票据展期方案供债权人投票,试图再次争取支持以避免违约。 (路透社档案照)

中国房地产巨头万科公布一份修订后的票据展期方案供债权人投票,试图再次争取支持以避免违约。

据彭博社报道,根据提交给上海清算所的文件,对于星期一(12月15日)到期的20亿元人民币(约3.66亿新元)中期债券,持有人可在12月22日上午10时初始宽限期结束前对提案进行表决。

万科最初提议将该债券的本金和利息兑付均延后12个月,但这一方案被债权人否决。

万科在星期二(12月16日)的声明中表示,公司拟在下周一前支付原定于12月15日到期的6000万元利息。上述宽限期间未偿付本金按照3.00%计息,展期期间的新增利息随本金的兑付一同支付。

这家背负500亿美元附息债务的公司还寻求将本息兑付日之宽限期由五个工作日延长至30个交易日,以争取更多谈判时间。

万科将于周四召开债券持有人会议讨论最新方案。议案需要持有本期债务融资工具表决权超过总表决权数额90%的持有人同意后方可生效。如果初始宽限期结束时既未付款也未达成其他协议,债券持有人可宣布违约。

报道称,万科的困境凸显了中国在房地产危机进入第五年之际所面临的更广泛挑战。包括银行在内的金融机构整体上对受困房企变得不再耐心。在许多城市,新建住房价格继上月录得一年中最大跌幅后,11月继续环比下滑。

冰川思享号|别瞎操心了,中国人不会因为给点福利就变懒

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CDT 档案卡
标题:别瞎操心了,中国人不会因为给点福利就变懒
作者:职场黄皮书
发表日期:2025.12.16
来源:微信公众号-冰川思享号
主题归类:社会福利
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

如果从“一切国有资源尽可能资产化,一切国有资产尽可能证券化,一切国有资金尽可能杠杆化”角度思考农村居民包括住房在内的财产制度改革,那么很多解决困境的思路,完全可以拓展得很宽大。

撰文丨任大刚

“中国人不会因为给点福利就变懒。”

一年来,经济学者李稻葵教授一直在强调这个观点。最近在《财经》杂志举办的一次论坛上,李教授再次重申:

财政上思路一定要转变,(要)减税免费,要补的是消费,中国人非常非常非常勤奋,不会被这点福利养懒的,动不动(担心)老百姓养懒怎么办,我们以后跟欧洲、拉美一样,不可能,中国人聪明得很,中国人勤奋得很,这点福利,人家不会变懒的。

李教授这段话里所说的提高福利,有三层意思:

其一,这是提振中国经济活力的方法之一。

最近两三年,上上下下一直在想办法刺激消费,有人觉得福利兜底不够,导致居民不敢消费;有人觉得可以给农村居民提高养老待遇,其养老金可以马上转变为即期消费,其子女减轻了赡养负担,他们可以大胆消费。李教授认为,此举可以拉动内需、增加企业销售和税收,形成“多赢”效果。

其二,是缩小城乡居民养老金待遇上的差距。

李教授在2025年在多个场合讲到,希望把农村居民的基础养老金从目前的每个月200元左右,逐步提高到1000元或1500元,甚至2000元的水平。

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其三,是回应提高低收入者养老待遇的质疑。

有的学者担心两个问题:第一,钱从哪里来?李教授的回答是,将农民养老金提升至每月1000元,年支出约1.25万亿元,占中国年度财政支出比例较低(2025年1—10月,中国一般公共预算收入为186,490亿元);第二,直接给老百姓“发钱”,会不会把中国人“养懒”了?李教授认为,中国人很聪明,很勤奋,不会被“养懒”。

01 还有比中国人更勤奋的吗?

勤奋的劳动者不仅是中国40年改革开放奇迹的关键创造者,即便是今天,他们也是全世界最辛苦的人群。

资料显示,依据2025年人社部新规,中国职工年工作日为365天减去104天休息日和13天法定节假日,合计248天。按每日8小时标准计算,制度层面的年劳动时间为1984小时。

但事实上,实际中加班现象非常普遍。

2023年,有报告称,全国企业就业人员周平均工作时间达49小时,折算成年劳动时间约2548小时;2025年另有报告显示,中国劳动者平均每周工作时长46.1小时,人均年工作时间接近2350小时。不同统计口径下实际年工时,基本处于2350至2548小时这一区间。

不同的报告都显示,中国劳动者年劳动时间在全世界的排名,始终稳居全球前列,多数统计中仅次于墨西哥,或位居全球首位。

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比如OECD(经合组织)相关统计及多个全球劳动时长报告显示,墨西哥年工时约2128小时;而韩国、日本等曾以工时久闻名的国家,2023年年均工时分别比中国少578小时和839小时;欧美发达国家工时更是大幅低于中国,美国约1779小时,德国仅1300余小时,不足中国实际工时的六成。

又比如根据ILO(国际劳工组织)的最新统计,在167个有数据的国家中,周平均工作44小时以上的国家共有9个,分别是中国、不丹、阿联酋、蒙古、印度、文莱、马来西亚、伊朗和哥伦比亚。

可以说,中国劳动者是世界主要成功经济体中,最勤奋的一群人。而40年来,最勤奋中的最勤奋者,无疑属于来自中国农村的劳动力。中国劳动者的不懈努力,使中国经济总量和国民财富在40年中,实现了数十倍的增长。

但让人百思不得其解的是,为什么会有人“未雨绸缪”,担心世界上最勤奋的人会因为有些福利提升,就变得懒惰了?哪怕是变得像以“过劳死”著称的日本员工那样“不勤奋”,中间都还有数百小时的差额需要躺平才能填补(日本为1598小时)。

02 福利为何不能好一点点?

李教授关于提高福利的言论,主要是指提升农村老人的福利待遇。

2024年底,农村领取基本养老金的人数约1.26亿,他们每人每月可以领到143元养老金。各省市可以根据实际情况,叠加补贴,如苏州达705元/人·月,嘉兴达680元/人·月,黑龙江叠加省级补贴后达163元/人·月,四川调整后最低标准为173元/人·月。

城镇企业退休人员约1.2亿,退休金额差距较大。从地区和缴费档次来看,北京国企职工若缴费33年,60岁退休后月养老金约7363.4元;武汉灵活就业人员按社平工资全额缴费25年,55岁退休月养老金约3054.5元;郑州个体工商户按最低档缴费25年,60岁退休月养老金约2413.3元。

机关事业单位退休人员规模在2250万至2700万区间,2025年全国机关事业单位退休人员月人均基本养老金约4860元。地区和职级差异明显,三线城市工作35年的普通科员,基本养老金大概4500—5500元/月,基层乡镇职级低的人员可能仅4000—4800元/月;北京、上海等一线城市因社平工资高,这类退休人员月收入能达到8000—10000元。另外,加上法定的职业年金后,他们每月还能多领几百到一千多元。

比较而言,三类领取养老金的人群中,农村居民养老金最低。

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在发展中国家,巴西实行全民统一积分制养老金体系,农民和公务员适用同一套标准,其农村相关养老金约合人民币1700元/月;泰国的“500泰铢养老计划”,虽约合人民币100元,但结合当地物价,按当地最低工资标准计算替代率可达35%,而我国农村居民养老金替代率不足20%;我国农村养老金和印度等少数低收入国家处于同一梯队,印度非正规就业者(包含大量农民)的养老金替代率约18%。

中国农村户籍的劳动力,不仅在改革开放前为国家建设作出巨大贡献,他们也是改革开放的最大力量,是几乎一切劳动密集型产业的生力军,为完成原始积累做出杰出贡献,是城市建设的主力,应该有更好的福利。

03 钱从哪里来?

你要给农村老人增发养老金,钱从哪里来?有的朋友不无疑虑地问,他们认为,搞不好会额外增加税费,增加普通人的额外负担。

的确,改革要赢得公众支持,就不能以损害一部分人的利益填补另一部分人,否则改革阻力重重。

李教授的办法是减少基建投资。

不可否认,中国过去对基建一直有较高的投入,在造就了全世界极高水平的基建的同时,也为招商引资,为经济的持续发展,提供了重要助力。

但同时也要看到,长时间大规模的基建投入,形成了极大的路径依赖和特殊的利益格局。

由于良好的基建曾经带来过巨大的经济收益,所以直到今天,很多地方仍热衷于搞基建,可以说,把正常应该发放给底层老百姓的养老钱,也用于搞实际必要性并不大的基建。结果基建完工后,企业用处不大,老百姓用不起,养护成本居高不下。

正常情况下,投资和消费应该有一种动态平衡,经济才能健康发展。而基建作为一种投资,过大的投资规模,反过来压缩了居民消费占比。最终的结果是,无论如何刺激消费,效果都不大,除了捂紧钱包不敢消费,还有一个重要原因是,所获不多,消费不起,形不成真实需求,反过来制约生产端,导致“内卷”更加严重。

如果要明白为什么消费不振,看看现在很多地方车行稀少的高速公路,空驶的高铁,宽阔的绿化带,人迹罕至的公园、湿地,等等,大概能明白一大部分原因。也就明白了李教授为什么说要减少基建投资。

不可否认,中国近年来基建已经从“铁公鸡”逐步转向交通网络升级、能源体系重构和5G基站、数据中心、人工智能平台等等,但不可否认,这些新领域仍然存在大量可以压缩的空间,照样可以“挤”出大量资源,用于底层民众的民生。

这不是额外征收税费,而是李教授说的财政上转变思路。

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另一个是落实农村居民的财产权利,同样可缓解养老问题。

农民养老成为问题,说到底还是因为穷困。而穷困的原因,根本上是没有财产。今天虽然房地产下行,但城市居民最重要的财产,仍然是房产;而农民处于宅基地上的房屋,因为事实上不可交易,跟集体宿舍没有本质区别,除了居住功能,实际上不是一种可资充分利用的财产。

7年前,我曾经写过一篇文章《衰败的农村重获生机第一步:宅基地国有化》,其中提到——

宅基地和耕地两者占有情况和使用性质千差万别:一者在过去很长时间很少变动地界,一者经常变动地界;一者事实上拥有相对的永久使用权,一者使用权时限最长也就30年;一者占全部土地的极少数,一者占全部土地的多数;一者用于生活,一者用于生产。

因此可以说,宅基地既不承担“耕者有其田”的道义,也不承担“耕地红线”的现实需求。

宅基地具有的独特性以及经过确权,其集体所有性质已经没有多少实质性内容。变更宅基地的土地性质便于其上市交易,应是题中应有之义。

而且可以预见的是,农村宅基地可以上市流通后,将是一个多方共赢的局面:

其一,毋庸置疑,农村居民的房产必定获得极大的增值机会,农民将第一次获得城市化的巨大红利。

其二,城市资本将有序下乡,不仅为农村发展带来资本和就业机会,而且更为先进的居住理念,更为文明的现代人文理念、房屋和公共设施的建筑风格必将逐渐在农村发芽开花,衰败的农村,完全可能重新焕发生机。

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其三,由于住房市场有更多的供给,必定对平抑城市房价起到巨大作用。

第四,城市居民可以有更多的的投资渠道。

第五,在城市商品房已经上缴了70年土地出让金,实际上已经相当于缴纳房地产税,要再次征收房地产税困难重重的情况下,向转变为国有土地的农村宅基地在其转让环节征收房地产税,更有合法性和正当性。

第六,农村小产权房尽管被视为非法,但毕竟是社会财富,而不是毒品,也不是坑人的假冒伪劣产品,且数量惊人,随着农村宅基地的国有化,它应当获得合法化的机会,也可以合法地上市交易,但前提是缴纳房地产税。

在这个过程中,谁是利益受损者呢?没有。它既可以维系和发展革命道义,也使参与各方——政府和城乡居民从中获得巨大利益。

农民有了可以自由交易的房产,事实上就有了钱,养老还是个很大的问题吗?这个时候,真正需要照顾的,就只是极少数,而不是上亿老年农民了。

我甚至认为,如果从“一切国有资源尽可能资产化,一切国有资产尽可能证券化,一切国有资金尽可能杠杆化”角度思考农村居民包括住房在内的财产制度改革,那么很多解决困境的思路,完全可以拓展得很宽大。

我也知道,现在不少研究“三农”问题的文化学者很反对农民拥有完整的财产权,他们想当然地以为,农民一旦拥有了包括土地房屋这些与城市居民一样的财产权,农民就会流离失所,社会就会动荡不安,集体经济就会崩溃,他们就没有乡愁了。

但试问,城市居民买卖房屋自由,何以没有流离失所?何以城市国有资产还在快速扩张?既然城市无房户可以得到公租房照顾,何以农村不可以提供公租房(而且还便宜得多)的照顾?

既不为提高农民养老待遇提供政策建议,也不让农民拥有可以自行处置的财产权利,如此困住农民以为可以高枕无忧,这些号称最关心农民的“三农”学者,居心何在呢?

*本文为冰川思想库原创文章,未经授权禁止转载,否则追究相关法律责任

冰川思想库7年精选文集

《不服软的时代》

团队共同签名钤印本

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陈季冰、连清川、魏英杰、任大刚

张明扬、关不羽

等知名评论人倾情奉献

胡舒立、景凯旋、鄢烈山、吴晓波

徐达内、十年砍柴

联袂推荐

*题图来源于图虫创意

*编辑微信:bingchuanxiaobian

*商务微信:lhellohm

【往期精选】

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汇聚思想 分享锐见

中国传媒榜·十大新媒体

微博·最佳深度报道媒体

今日头条·财经头条号百强

凤凰网评论·年度致敬媒体

网易号·年度最佳签约作者

凤凰一点号·年度深度报道榜

新浪财经·深度思想财经新媒体

虎嗅2020年十大年度作者·实力榜

百家号·最受欢迎图文创作原创作者

传递2017自媒体盛典·年度新锐评论

Rob and Michele Reiner's son Nick charged with murder in parents' deaths

Watch: Prosecutor announces charges against Nick Reiner in parents' deaths

Prosecutors in Los Angeles have filed murder charges against a son of Rob and Michele Reiner, the Hollywood couple who were found dead in their home with multiple stab wounds on Sunday.

Nick Reiner, 32, is facing two counts of first-degree murder and could be sentenced to life in prison if found guilty. He will be brought to court to formally face charges after he is "medically-cleared" by prison officials, District Attorney Nathan Hochman said.

During a news conference on Tuesday, Mr Hochman also said no decision had yet been made about whether to seek the death penalty.

Rob Reiner directed several iconic films in a variety of genres, including This is Spinal Tap, Misery and A Few Good Men.

Michele Singer Reiner was an actress, photographer and producer, and the founder of Reiner Light, a photography agency and production company.

Their son Nick Reiner is facing two counts of first degree murder, "with a special circumstance of multiple murders," according to Hochman. That enhancement could lead to a stiffer sentence if he is later found guilty.

District Attorney Hochman said he also is accused of using a "dangerous and deadly weapon, that being a knife".

The suspect is currently undergoing medical testing to ensure that he can attend court. He is expected to appear before a judge later on Tuesday for an arraignment hearing, where he will be able to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty.

LA Police Department Chief Jim McDonnell also spoke during the news conference, describing how the case has reverberated throughout the city.

"This case is heartbreaking and deeply personal, not only for the Reiner family and their loved ones, but for the entire city," he said.

"We extend our deepest condolences to everyone affected by this tragedy."

Getty Images Rob Reiner, Michele Singer, Romy Reiner, Nick Reiner, Maria Gilfillan and Jake Reiner at "Spinal Tap II: The End Continues" Los Angeles Premiere held at The Egyptian Theatre on September 09, 2025 in Los Angeles, California. (Getty Images
Nick Reiner (right) is accused of killing his two parents

During the news conference, officials declined to say how the suspect was located, attributing his arrest to "good, solid police work".

District Attorney Hochman added that it is too early to say whether any "mental illness" played a role in the crime, and speculated that it could come up at trial.

"If there is evidence of mental illness, it will appear in court, in whatever details the defence seeks to present," he said.

Erasmus scheme to return for UK students

Getty Images A stock image shows four young people seated at a table in a bright, modern classroom or seminar room with large windows. They are engaged in conversation with notebooks and folders on the table.Getty Images

The UK is set to rejoin the Erasmus scheme, the BBC understands, five years after announcing that it would end its participation as part of the Brexit deal with the European Union.

The EU provides funding through the scheme for people to study, train or volunteer in other European countries for up to a year.

The UK replaced it with its own Turing scheme in 2021, which funds similar placements worldwide.

The government said it would not comment on ongoing talks.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer had suggested in May that a youth mobility scheme could be part of a new deal with the EU.

The Erasmus scheme was scrapped in the UK in December 2020, when the government announced its post-Brexit trade deal with the EU.

Boris Johnson, prime minister at the time, said it was a "tough decision", but the scheme had become "extremely expensive".

He said it would be replaced by the Turing scheme, which has operated since then.

Both schemes are open not just to university students, but also to people doing vocational courses, as well as apprentices and people training at college or school.

In 2020, the last year in which the UK participated in Erasmus, the scheme received 144m euros (£126m) of EU funding for 55,700 people to take part in Erasmus projects overall.

The UK sent out 9,900 students and trainees to other countries as part of the scheme that year, while 16,100 came the other way.

Glasgow, Bristol and Edinburgh were the three universities to send the most students, and Spain, France and Germany were the most popular countries which UK students went to.

In the 2024/25 academic year, the Turing scheme had £105m of funding, which paid for 43,200 placements, with 24,000 of those being in higher education, 12,100 in further education and 7,000 in schools.

The majority (38,000) were from England, with 2,900 from Scotland, 1,000 from Wales and 1,200 from Northern Ireland.

Ministers who introduced the Turing scheme in 2021 said it was designed to benefit more people from disadvantaged backgrounds and provide greater support for travel costs than the Erasmus scheme did.

It is not yet clear what will happen to the Turing scheme once Erasmus is reintroduced for UK students.

Who are the Bondi shooting victims?

AFP via Getty Images Two women comfort each other as they stare at flowers left in tribute to the victims of Sunday's shooting attack at Bondi beach. One of the women, dressed in a yellow shirt, is sitting on the road, while the other kneels next to her with her hand on her shoulder. AFP via Getty Images

At least 15 civilians have been confirmed dead in Sunday's shooting attack at Bondi beach.

Many were attending an event to mark the first day of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.

Authorities have confirmed that two rabbis, a Holocaust survivor and a 10-year-old girl were among the victims.

This is what we know about those identified so far:

Matilda, 10

Authorities confirmed that a 10-year-old girl, named by her family to local media as Matilda, was among the dead.

Irina Goodhew, who organised a fundraiser for the girl's mother and said she was the child's former teacher, wrote: " I knew her as a bright, joyful, and spirited child who brought light to everyone around her.'

The Harmony Russian School of Sydney also confirmed that she was one of its students.

"We are deeply saddened to share the news that a former student of our school has passed away in the hospital due to injuries sustained from a gunshot," the school wrote on Facebook.

"Our thoughts and heartfelt condolences go out to her family, friends, and everyone affected by this tragic event … Her memory will remain in our hearts, and we honor her life and the time she spent as part of our school family."

Meanwhile her aunt spoke to ABC news and said that Matilda's sister, who was with her when she was shot, was struggling to come to terms with the loss.

"They were like twins — they've never been separated," she told the ABC.

Rabbi Eli Schlanger

Supplied A middle aged man with glasses looks at the camera, behind him is a grassy field.Supplied
Eli Schlanger was known as the Bondi rabbi

Known as the "Bondi Rabbi", Eli Schlanger, 41, was one of the key organisers of Sunday's event. He was head of the local Chabad mission, an international Hasidic Jewish organisation based in Brooklyn.

The death of the British-born father of five was confirmed by his cousin, Rabbi Zalman Lewis.

"My dear cousin, Rabbi Eli Schlanger @bondirabbi was murdered in today's terrorist attack in Sydney," Zalman wrote on Instagram. "He leaves behind his wife & young children, as well as my uncle & aunt & siblings … He was truly an incredible guy".

In a post on its website, Chabad said Schlanger's youngest child was just two months old.

"He was the most godly, humane, kind, gracious human being I think I've ever met," Alex Ryvchin of the Executive Council of Australia Jewry, told reporters at Bondi on Monday morning.

Dan Elkayam

The death of French national Dan Elkayam was confirmed by Frances's Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot.

"It's with immense sadness that we have learnt that our compatriot Dan Elkayam was among the victims of the terrorist attack that hit Jewish families gathered on the beach at Bondi in Sydney," he wrote on social media. "We mourn with his family and loved ones, with the Jewish community and the Australian people."

According to his LinkedIn profile, Elkayam worked as an IT analyst for NBCUniversal and had moved to Australia last year.

He was also a keen footballer, and "an integral member" of our premier league squad, the Rockdale Ilindin Football Club in west Sydney wrote on its Facebook page.

He was "an extremely talented and popular figure amongst team mates. Our deepest and sincerest condolances to Dan's family, friends and all that knew him. He will be missed," the club wrote.

Alexander Kleytman

Alexander Kleytman was a holocaust survivor who came to Australia from Ukraine.

"I have no husband. I don't know where is his body. Nobody can give me any answer," his wife Larisa Kleytman told reporters outside a Sydney hospital late on Sunday.

"We were standing and suddenly came the 'boom boom', and everybody fell down. At this moment he was behind me and at one moment he decided to go close to me. He pushed his body up because he wanted to stay near me," she told the Australian.

Chabad wrote on X that Alexander "died shielding her from the gunman's bullets. In addition to his wife, he leaves behind two children and 11 grandchildren."

The couple shared some of their life story with Jewish Care in 2023.

"As children, both Larisa and Alexander faced the unspeakable terror of the Holocaust," the health organisation wrote in its annual report.

"Alex's memories are particularly harrowing; recalling the dreadful conditions in Siberia where he, along with his mother and younger brother, struggled for survival."

How Bondi Beach shooting unfolded minute by minute

Peter Meagher

Former police officer Peter Meagher was working as a freelance photographer at the Hanukkah event when he was killed, his rugby club confirmed.

"For him it was simply a catastrophic case of being in the wrong place and at the wrong time," Mark Harrison, the general manager of Randwick Rugby Club, wrote on its website.

"'Marzo, as he was universally known, was a much loved figure and absolute legend in our club, with decades of voluntary involvement, he was one of the heart and soul figures of Randwick Rugby."

The club said he had spent almost four decades in the NSW Police Force where he was "hugely respected by colleagues".

"The tragic irony is that he spent so long in the dangerous front line as a Police Officer and was struck down in retirement while taking photos in his passion role is really hard to comprehend," the club said.

Reuven Morrison

Reuven Morrison migrated to Australia from the former Soviet Union in the 1970s as a teenager, according to an interview he gave to the ABC exactly a year ago.

"We came here with the view that Australia is the safest country in the world and the Jews would not be faced with such anti-Semitism in the future, where we can bring up our kids in a safe environment," he told the national broadcaster.

Confirming his death, Chabad said that he was a longtime resident of Melbourne, but that he "discovered his Jewish identity in Sydney".

"A successful businessman whose main goal was to give away his earnings to charities dear to his heart, notably Chabad of Bondi," the organisation wrote on X.

现实的声音|13个孩子遇难快两年,调查结果仍“不予公布”

13个孩子遇难快两年,一直不见调查结果,这对家长来说,无疑是件极其悲痛的事情。

2024年1月19日晚11时,河南省南阳市方城县独树镇砚山铺村英才学校一宿舍发生火灾,导致13名三年级学生遇难,4人受伤。

一位名叫范永归的遇难孩子家长,一直在奔走呼吁:为什么不公布调查结果?

据范永归和另一家长杨云朝介绍,当时孩子遇难后,相关部门要求他们,“签了赔偿协议才能见孩子!”

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CDT 档案卡
标题:13个孩子遇难快两年,调查结果仍“不予公布”
作者:黑马诗语
发表日期:2025.12.16
来源:微信公众号“现实的声音”
主题归类:中国司法
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

杨云朝说,当时还有工作人员告诉他,晚一天签协议,赔偿就少10万元。

据“看看新闻News”公布的一份1月22日上午家属和相关人员的对话录音中,相关人员说:“11点半前,如果咱签了,再追加10万元……这说得有点紧,请您谅解和理解。”

杨云朝讲,他一个老农民没办法,就签了。

范永归不想让孩子遗体在殡仪馆躺太久,“那时候腊月初九了,我们这很冷”,他说,当时迫切想见到孩子,“被逼无奈签了那个协议”。

这份甲方为英才学校,乙方为遇难者家属的“赔偿协议”显示,甲方支付乙方一笔赔偿金,乙方收到赔偿款后,保证不再因此事向任何主体主张任何权利,不得干扰甲方正常教学秩序,并做到不诉不访,否则,乙方承担一切法律责任。

同时,协议约定双方都要保密,不得外泄任何情况。

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据范永归说,2024年7月,方城县派了两个工作人员来跟他沟通。对方告知,事故调查报告在当年5月中旬就已完成,但因涉及未成年人不能公开。

2025年11月21日,范永归和杨云朝他们收到通知,河南省消防总队要向他们告知火灾事故调查结果,但看前要先签保密协议。

范永归当时因有事没去,杨云朝去签了保密协议。看之前他手机被收走,进去后,“就是他们有人给我念”。对方主要说了两点:一是英才学校某年月日着火了;二是简单的起火原因。

关于火灾调查事故的公布,应急管理部于2023年2月印发的《生产安全事故调查报告编制指南(试行)》规定:事故调查报告应当依法及时向社会公开——

“公开时,应以开展调查的事故调查组名义在政府网站或主流媒体上全文公开事故调查报告正文内容。对涉及个人隐私、商业秘密以及法律法规规定的其他依法应当保密的内容,应进行适当处理后方可公开。”

按照国务院《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》规定,事故调查报告应包含以下内容:事故发生单位概况;事故发生经过和事故救援情况;事故造成的人员伤亡和直接经济损失;事故发生的原因和事故性质;事故责任的认定以及对事故责任者的处理建议;事故防范和整改措施等内容。

而遇难孩子的家长多次申请公开事故调查报告,最后得到答复仍是:因涉及未成年人,报告不予公布。

官方不公布调查报告的具体依据是未成年人保护法第103条:公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院、司法行政部门以及其他组织和个人不得披露有关案件中未成年人的姓名、影像、住所、就读学校以及其他可能识别出其身份的信息,但查找失踪、被拐卖未成年人等情形除外。

多位知名律师表示,未成年人保护法中所说的不得披露未成年人信息,主要是在一些涉及未成年人的案件中,比如未成年人被性侵或被杀害等,需要对未成年人信息保密,案件不公开审理。且在后续文书上传裁判文书网或作为典型案例发布时,隐藏未成年人的身份信息。

有律师说,“但火灾事故具有公共性,公布事故调查报告是对社会的一个交代,而且(在对未成年人信息处理后)并不会影响到未成年人本身的权利。”

孩子遇难后,多位家长一直深陷悲痛之中不能自拔。

杨云朝提起孙子,一直重复孙子多么活泼可爱。他告知媒体,孙子从小由他们带,跟他们很亲,“你问着问着我都想哭啊”。

孙子出事后,“他爸爸因为这件事精神不太正常了,再没有出去打工”。现在家里就靠种几亩地度日。

范永归孩子在老家安葬后,隔段时间就回到老家,在孩子坟前说说追问的进度,他常带上孩子特别喜爱吃的香蕉和薯条。

印象深刻的是2025年10月1日,他去给孩子上坟时,突然有只蝴蝶落在孩子生前最喜欢吃的香蕉上,直到他们离去都没飞走。

“我当时真的绷不住了!”范永归告诉媒体。

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许多事情,只要一细闻,总会嗅出臭味来——

调查结果不予公布,难道真的就因为“未成年人保护法”吗?

“未成年人保护法”保护的是——未成年人的姓名、影像、住所、就读学校以及其他可能识别出其身份的信息,重点强调的是“能识别出未成年身份的信息”。

有律师指出,未成年的隐私,本意是保护未成年的健康成长,避免被外界干扰,所以不披露其姓名、年龄、外貌及所涉之事。“如果人已经罹难,则民事主体不存在,隐私权也消亡了,何来继续保护其隐私?”

该律师指出:法律要保护的是事件中生者的未成年人隐私权,披露时不指向特定个体则可。调查报告适当处理后,应该向社会公布,接受监督,并汲取事故教训,警醒世人。

由此可见,以“未成年人保护法”作为借口,来搪塞遇难孩子家长“调查结果不予公布”,无非是堂而皇之地找了一块“挡臭布”罢了!

我想,调查结果之所以迟迟不敢公布,因为里面沾染着诸多的臭味:

①学校的监管方——当地教体局,有逃脱不了的责任。

这责任,该谁来承担?是局长,还是分管副局长?

这局长和分管的副局长背后,又牵扯到县长和分管教育的副县长!

如果再追问下去,可以一直追问到市上,省上,甚至更远……

②学校的安全监管方——当地应急管理部门,也有不可推卸的责任。

这责任,又该谁来承担?是应急管理局局长,还是分管副局长?

这应急管理局长和分管的副局长背后,又牵扯到县长和分管安全的副县长!

同理,这责任可一直追问到到市上,省上,甚至更远……

③负责消防工作的责任方——当地的消防部门,也有不能规避的责任。

这责任,又该谁来承担呢?是消防部门的队长,还是支队长?

这队长和支队长背后,又有总队长……

面对如此诸多的臭味会被暴露,区区13个孩子的性命,又算得了什么?

不是不公布,而是不好公布,不敢公布!

——不仅怕公布以后不能“自圆其说”,更是怕公布后——会“拔出萝卜带出泥”!

孩子们,安息吧!

走读新生|原来如此“荒诞”的事,是这样解决的?

CDT 档案卡
标题:原来如此“荒诞”的事,是这样解决的?
作者:书荼门人
发表日期:2025.12.16
来源:微信公众号“走读新生”
主题归类:残疾人
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

今天这条新闻真的可以毫不夸张的说,“电视剧拍不出如此讽刺的剧情”。为什么拍不出来?主要是编剧的脑洞,无法支撑他创作出这般奇葩的剧本。

简而言之,我要是说得稍微含糊一点,你可能都不知道具体怎么回事儿。

据媒体描述,河南辉县某村的村委会,欠了村民郭白某一些钱。这些钱呢,是郭白某早年做点小生意挣的,共计78.1万元左右。

但是村委会不想还了呀,怎么办呢?这帮干部们想出了一条“妙计”——欠债还钱,天经地义。但只要“欠债的人”不是自己,那不就不用还钱了?

天才和魔鬼,看来也只有一线之隔啊!

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未避免杠精,先说明一下,这钱肯定是正规欠账。因为起先村委会想赖账,闹到了法院上,法院判决了“村委会败诉”,并强制执行。懂得都懂,但凡有一点点的理由,法院也不会如此不给面子,如此决绝。

眼看要被强执了,钱就要还到村民郭白某的口袋里去了。村委会再不动手就来不及了……

果然,就在强执前一刻,郭白某发现辉县市人民法院寄来的《执行裁定书》上面,原村委会的法定代表人,村支书“帖某”的名字,变成了村里人人皆知的智力残障人士郭黑某。

公章一落人已换,流程走完责已散。好一招狸猫换太子,要不说他们能当官呢,这帮人放到三国演义里,都没诸葛亮的事。

郭某黑是什么人?那是长期享受五保户保障的贫困户,你让他偿还村委会欠下的78万,那不是想屁吃吗。

然而现在的村支书已经变成郭某黑了,他不还钱,就把他变成老赖呗。

在这里,法律像一条笔直的跑道,而有点权力的人若嫌跑得太累,就只需在自己脚下画一道“终点线”。

可怜的郭某黑成了全村的笑话,他连10+10等于多少都不知道,甚至连自己什么时候成为村支书的也不知道:村里人都笑话我,说我当书记了……他很委屈。只不过他更不知晓的是,自己不仅当书记了,还当老赖了。

如此荒诞、讽刺的任命手续,竟能一路绿灯。台上角色随意换,台下代价照单算。这莫非就是“权力的游戏”?

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说到底,这就是把“欠债”的问题,变成了“选人背锅”的问题。

记者走访并从负责人那里得知,目前当地已经对此事进行了处理,联合起来的干部们,比如贴某、公章管理者,甚至默许此事的时任镇长也因此受到了纪律处分。

可我好奇的是,仅仅“处分”是否够了,这些行为难道不涉嫌违法吗,难道不需要接受法律的处罚吗?

我虽然不是专业人员,但仅从一个普通人的视角,最基础最明显的问题显而易见:

伪造、使用虚假任命文件。

就这一点,至少已经涉及“伪造国家机关公文罪”和“使用伪造国家机关公文罪”。这在《刑法》第280条写得是清清楚楚:伪造、变造、买卖或者使用伪造、变造的国家机关公文,情节严重的,构成犯罪。

一再出现的问题从来不是个别人胆子太大,而是他们太清楚后果有多轻。只要事情闹大了“处分一下”,闹不大就“内部消化”,那规则自然会被当成摆设。

原本所谓的追责处分在事情曝光后才精准到位,就已经令舆论哗然,此时再加上一个“罚酒三杯”的处罚力度,是否过于儿戏。

到这里,我想起昨日另一条引发热搜争议的消息,16名执法人员因“吃拿卡要”被撤职离岗。

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这事情昨天的热度很高,某地监督局里的16名公职人员,在餐饮业、服务业、房地产业等多个领域中执法时,用暗示甚至威胁等方式索要了不少“好处”。但结果却只是简单的“撤职调岗”,未免过于虎头蛇尾了。

劣迹斑斑的一群人,万一调岗后他们继续吃拿卡要呢?又不是说这些事情一干就会被发现,持续的过程中,多少普通人要因此而遭罪?就算不对他们刑事处罚,至少也直接辞退才勉强说得过去吧?

这些事件真正令人不安的,除了事情的荒唐之外,更在于荒唐发生后,某些人违法的代价只是处分和调岗。

正因此,类似乱象总迭出不穷。因为对他们而言,守法反而成了最不划算的选择。

普通人要的从来不是“重罚泄愤”,而是一个明确的态度:规则不能只是给弱者兜底的装饰品,公职人员违法的代价,更不能总是帮他们换个岗位。

–END–

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US designates Colombian cocaine gang a terrorist group

Getty Images A middle-aged man in a blue business suit, white shirt and red tie signs a document at a table. Getty Images
US President Trump signed an executive order classifying fentanyl as a "weapon of mass destruction"

The United States has designated a notorious drug-trafficking organisation in Colombia as a terrorist group.

The US Treasury Department added the group, known as Clan del Golfo or Gulf Clan, to its list of Foreign Terrorist Organisations (FTOs).

The designation came just hours after US President Donald Trump signed an executive order classifying the drug fentanyl as a "weapon of mass destruction".

The two moves are seen as a further ramping-up of the Trump administration's war on drugs which has also seen it carry out more than 20 lethal strikes on boats suspected to be carrying drugs in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Getty A man in a black T-shirt with a gold chain around his neck poses for a police mugshot.Getty
The leader of the Clan del Golfo, Dairo Úsugas. was arrested in 2021, but the gang continued unde the leadership of a man known as Chiquito Malo

More than 90 people were killed in the strikes on the boats, which some legal experts say breach the law.

Clan del Golfo is the latest Latin American criminal group to be added to US Treasury's list of FTOs.

The group has been engaging in criminal activities for decades, mainly trafficking cocaine from Colombia - the largest producer of the drug - to destinations in the US and Europe.

But the Clan del Golfo, which is based in the northern Urabá region of Colombia, also plays a key role smuggling migrants through the Darién Gap, the expanse of jungle linking Colombia to Panama.

In a statement announcing its designation as an FTO, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the group was also behind terrorist attacks against public officials, law enforcement and military personnel, and civilians in Colombia.

It is estimated to have thousands of members and is thought to be the largest cocaine-trafficking gang currently operating in Colombia.

It joins three other Colombian criminal groups on the list of FTOs: the left-wing guerrilla group National Liberation Army (ELN), and two groups which broke away from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - a Marxist guerrilla force - when it signed a peace agreement with the Colombian government in 2016.

The FTO designation of the Clan del Golfo by the US comes less than a fortnight after Colombia's President, Gustavo Petro, signed a landmark agreement with the criminal group aimed at bringing peace to the areas under its control.

AFP via Getty Images Men in suits exchange documents during a signing ceremony.AFP via Getty Images
A Gulf clan negotiator reached a deal with the Colombian government in Doha less than two weeks ago

Petro campaigned on a promise to bring "total peace" to the South American country, which has for decades suffered from cartel and guerrilla violence.

But more than three years after he took office, talks with most of the armed groups in the country have stalled or fallen apart altogether.

The announcement earlier this month that Colombian government officials had reached an agreement with the Clan del Golfo for the group to start taking steps towards laying down their arms was a win for Petro.

Part of that deal was an understanding that members of the Clan del Golfo would not face extradition to the UN.

The US designating Clan del Golfo as an FTO is likely to complicate the talks the Colombian government was having with the group.

Petro has not yet reacted to the move, but relations between the Colombian leader and the Trump administration have been acrimonious.

EPA A middle-aged man in a blue jacket and white shirt waves a pencil while standing next to a Colombian flag.EPA
Colombia's President, Gustavo Petro, has denounced the US strikes on alleged drug vessels

Petro has called the lethal strikes the US has carried out on alleged drug-smuggling boats in the Pacific "murder".

In turn, Rubio has publicly labelled the Colombian president a "lunatic".

The immediate effect of the FTO designation is that the US will have more powers to punish the group.

Any assets the Clan del Golfo may hold at US financial institutions are frozen and individuals - even US citizens - who knowingly provide "material support" to the group can be prosecuted.

The move comes amid high tension in the region, with Trump repeatedly warning that "strikes on land" against "narco-terrorists" could soon follow those against alleged drug vessels at sea.

So far Trump has mainly homed in on Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, whom he accuses of leading another group the US has designated as an FTO: the Cartel of the Suns.

But asked by journalists about his plans for Venezuela on Friday, he not only again invoked the possibility of attacking drug smugglers on land but also appeared to hint at the possibility of doing so in Colombia.

"Colombia has at least three cocaine factories. That's a different country," he said.

And later he added: "But it's not only land strikes on Venezuela, it's land strikes on horrible people that are bringing in drugs and killing our people."

Trump has argued that the strikes on the alleged drug boats are saving US lives by preventing the powerful opioid fentanyl from reaching the US.

Fentanyl abuse has triggered one of the worst public health emergencies to hit the US, with more than 110,000 drug-related deaths in the US in 2023.

While the number of fatal drug overdoses fell by 25% in 2024, tackling this crisis remains one of Trump's priorities.

Trump has said that every strike on an alleged drug boat "saves 25,00 American lives" but US officials have provided no evidence that any of the vessels they struck carried fentanyl, which is 50 times as powerful as heroin and much deadlier than cocaine.

Counternarcotics experts have pointed out that neither Colombia nor Venezuela produce fentanyl and have questioned the Trump administration's focus on those countries.

The executive order Trump signed on Monday classifying fentanyl as a "weapon of mass destruction" suggests he may be engaging in a twin-track approach, continuing to target boats suspected of carrying cocaine as well as expanding his administration's powers to fight fentanyl-smuggling.

However, the move has been met with criticism by Mexico's President, Claudia Sheinbaum.

The Mexican leader insisted that the causes of drug use must be addressed.

She added that fentanyl was also used legally in hospitals for pain relief and questioned what the unintended effects of the classification of fentanyl as a weapon of mass destruction would be.

Trump's chief of staff disputes Vanity Fair story in which she criticises Vance and Musk

Getty Images Susie Wiles, wearing a blue blazer, at the White House in March 2025Getty Images
Susie Wiles is the first woman to hold the key office of Chief of Staff at the White House

White House Chief of Staff Susie Wiles has disputed portions of a Vanity Fair article in which she paints an unflattering picture of the Trump administration and many of its top officials.

In the interview, Wiles described Donald Trump as having an "alcoholic's personality" and Vice President JD Vance as having been a "conspiracy theorist" for a decade.

But in a post on X, Wiles said that Vanity Fair disregarded "significant context" to create "an overwhelmingly chaotic and negative narrative" about the administration.

Wiles, 68, played a key part in Trump's successful 2024 presidential campaign before becoming the first woman to be White House Chief of Staff.

Over the course of nearly a dozen interviews with Vanity Fair, Wiles talked about a wide range of issues, including handling of Epstein files, Trump's legal actions against politcal rivals, and also about personalities around the president.

She admitted that "there may be an element of" retribution in Trump's efforts to pursue criminal cases against political adversaries or perceived foes.

"I don't think he wakes up thinking about retribution," she added. "But when there's an opportunity, he will go for it."

Wiles is widely considered among the most powerful members of the Trump White House in his second term.

Prior to becoming Chief of Staff, Wiles had a long history working with Trump, including as his campaign manager in Florida in 2016 and as the head of his fundraising apparatus, Save America.

In the interview, she credits her upbringing with an alcoholic father as what enabled her to work with the president.

"High-functioning alcoholics or alcoholics in general, their personalities are exaggerated when they drink," she said. "So I'm a little bit of an expert in big personalities."

While the president does not drink, she said Trump has "an alcoholic's personality" and governs with the mindset that "there's nothing he can't do. Nothing, zero, nothing".

Vance on report that Susie Wiles called him a 'conspiracy theorist'. Wiles disputes portions of the article.

Among the other figures that Wiles commented on was JD Vance, a one-time critic of Trump who has since become a close ally and vice-president.

Wiles suggested that Vance's shift in perceptions was "sort of political".

Speaking to reporters at an event on Tuesday, Vance said he had not read the article, but that he only believes in conspiracy theories that are "true" - citing reports of former President Joe Biden's ill-health as an example.

Her strongest comments were reserved for tech billionaire Elon Musk, who led cost-cutting efforts at the Department of Government Efficiency - or Doge - before leaving the government in May.

Shortly thereafter, Musk and Trump had a public spat that saw the two men trade barbs and insults over social media.

Wiles described Musk as an "avowed Ketamine [user]" who "sleeps in a sleeping bag in the EOB", the Executive Office Building adjacent to the White House.

"He's an odd, odd duck, as I think geniuses are," she said. "You know, it's not helpful, but he is his own person."

Looking back on Musk's cost-cutting efforts, Wiles said that she was against the gutting of the US Agency for International Development, or USAID, saying she was "initially aghast" at the idea.

"I think that anybody that pays attention to government and has ever paid attention to USAID believed, as I did, that they do very good work," she recalled.

"Elon's attitude is you have to get it done fast. If you're an incrementalist, you just won't get your rocket to the moon," Wiles said. "With that attitude, you're going to break some china. But no rational person could think the USAID process was a good one. Nobody."

On Tuesday morning - hours after the Vanity Fair article was published - Wiles took to X, accusing the magazine of "disingenuously framed hit piece" aimed at her, Trump and other cabinet members.

"Significant context was disregarded and much of what I, and others, said about the team and the President was left out of the story. I assume, after reading it, that this was done to paint an overwhelmingly chaotic and negative narrative about the President and our team," she wrote.

When contacted for comment on the story, the White House also defended Wiles.

In a statement sent to the BBC, Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said that Wiles "has helped President Trump achieve the most successful first 11 months in office of any President in American history."

"President Trump has no greater or more loyal advisor than Susie," Leavitt added. "The entire administration is grateful to her steady leadership and united fully behind her."

Speaking to reporters outside the West Wing later in the day, Leavitt accused Vanity Fair of "bias of omission" by excluding other interviews conducted with White House staff and taking Wiles' words "wildly out of context".

Trump and Musk have yet to comment on the Vanity Fair piece.

Second doctor sentenced in Matthew Perry overdose death

Reuters Matthew PerryReuters

A California doctor who sold ketamine to Friends star Matthew Perry has been sentenced to eight months of home detention and three years of supervised release, making him the second person to be sentenced in the actor's death.

Dr Mark Chavez is among five people - including another doctor and a dealer known as the Ketamine Queen - who have pleaded guilty to drug-related charges stemming from sitcom star's 2023 death at his Los Angeles home.

The San Diego-based physician admitted to obtaining ketamine from his clinic and a wholesale distributor through a fraudulent prescription and sold it to Dr Salvador Plasencia, who supplied the dissociative anaesthetic to Perry.

Plasencia was sentenced earlier this month to 30 months in prison.

The multiyear federal investigation into Perry's death examined how the Emmy-winning actor acquired ketamine through an underground drug network in Hollywood.

Ketamine, a surgical anaesthetic, is used as a treatment for depression, anxiety and pain.

Perry, who had battled drug addiction and depression, had been prescribed the drug as part of his treatment but soon started seeking more than what he was allotted.

That ultimately led him to the drug ring that ensnared the two doctors, Perry's live-in assistant, a man named Erik Fleming and American-British dual-national Jasveen Sangha, the dealer known as the Ketamine Queen.

The latter three are due to be sentenced in the coming months.

A post-mortem examination of Perry found a high concentration of ketamine in his blood and determined that "acute effects" of the substance killed him.

Reuters Mark Chavez, a doctor accused of supplying ketamine to 'Friends' actor Matthew Perry before his death, arrives in federal court in Los Angeles, California, on 2 October 2024.Reuters
Mark Chavez, a doctor accused of supplying ketamine to 'Friends' actor Matthew Perry before his death, arrives in federal court in Los Angeles, California, on 2 October 2024.

Prosecutors said Perry's assistant, Kenneth Iwamasa, worked with Chavez and Plasencia to provide the actor with more than $50,000 (£38,000) of ketamine in the weeks before his death.

In his plea agreement, Chavez admitted that he obtained ketamine from both his former clinic and a wholesale distributor through a fraudulent prescription. He submitted a fraudulent prescription for 30 ketamine lozenges under a former patient's name - without her knowledge or consent - to sell to Plasencia to give to Perry.

He confessed to selling 22 vials of liquid ketamine and nine ketamine lozenges to Plasencia, according to his October 2024 plea agreement.

The transaction was part of a broader scheme in which Chavez and Plasencia discussed exploiting Perry's addiction for financial gain by mocking him in their text exchanges.

"I wonder how much this moron will pay," Plasencia wrote to Chavez.

Chavez faced up to 10 years in federal prison. As part of his October 2024 plea deal, he surrendered his medical licence and passport.

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