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台北闹市随机伤人事件:警方披露袭击者行凶前踪迹

简繁中文
纽约时报 出版语言
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台北闹市随机伤人事件:警方披露袭击者行凶前踪迹

储百亮
周五晚间的台北车站,袭击者在此处投掷烟雾弹并开始了持刀袭击。
周五晚间的台北车站,袭击者在此处投掷烟雾弹并开始了持刀袭击。 Billy H.C. Kwok for The New York Times
警方调查人员上周六表示,在台湾台北持刀刺死三人的男子似乎为这次袭击做了周密准备,但他们仍难以确定其疯狂暴力行为的动机。
该男子于上周五下午在台北市的一个主要捷运站使用烟雾弹和一把长刀发动袭击,台湾警方称,在发动袭击两天前,他入住了一家距离其行凶的最后一个地点——一家店铺——不到50米的廉价旅馆。
警方表示,他以数字形式留下了其作案计划的证据,并曾步行和骑自行车踩点,勘察他袭击惊骇不已的购物者和通勤人群的地点。
警方还称,在持续数小时的袭击过程中,他换了五次衣服,但没有明确说明具体的地点和时间。
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“我们目前为止没有办法厘清动机,我们只是知道他有这个攻击的计划,”台北市警察局刑事警察大队大队长卢俊宏告诉记者。他还对嫌疑人并非单独行动、仍有同伙在逃的传言进行了澄清。
“我们调了所有的监视器,他都是单独行动,没有跟任何其他人接触,”卢俊宏说。
在此次袭击中,三人伤重不治,袭击者在当地一家购物场所的五楼刺死一名男子后,疑似从该处跳楼身亡。台湾卫生福利部部长石崇良称,另有11人受伤,其中六人截至上周六仍在住院治疗。
这起流血事件引起了台湾民众的极大关注,在当地,致命的暴力事件非常罕见。
台湾总统赖清德及其他高级官员连续两天出面安抚民众,表示政府将彻底调查这起杀人事件,并从中吸取教训,以防止类似袭击再次发生。上一次类似案件发生在2014年,当时一名男子在台北捷运上持刀行凶,造成4人死亡。该男子于2016年被执行死刑
据台湾警政署署长张荣兴在一个视讯会议上介绍的时间线显示,这一系列袭击始于下午3点40分左右,在三个多小时后结束。在同一次会议上,台湾行政院院长卓荣泰表示,有必要弄清楚在目击者已经报警的情况下,袭击者为何还能持续行动如此之久。
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警方表示,该男子从所住的旅馆房间出发,首先试图点燃停放的车辆。随后他回到自己租住的一间小公寓,试图纵火;接着前往台北车站,拖着一辆装有自制烟雾弹的小推车。台北市长蒋万安告诉记者,他在一处人流密集的连通道和出口附近投掷烟雾弹,并在一名男子试图阻止其行凶后,用刀袭击了该男子。
警方赶到现场试图抓捕袭击者,但他逃回了自己的旅馆房间,随后步行近千米,前往位于中山区的一家诚品书店分店。该区域挤满年轻人,尤其在周末夜晚。他租住的旅馆房间距离该书店仅咫尺之遥。
他又向恐慌情绪不断加剧的人群投掷了更多烟雾弹。此时,身穿黑色短裤、衬衫、戴着帽子的袭击者随后刺伤了第二名男子。接着,他冲至书店楼上,在四楼将另一名男子刺死。
不久之后,袭击者爬上大楼五楼,将部分衣物和装备留在地上,然后一跃而下,坠亡于下方街道。
官员们强调,他们仍在努力弄清袭击者的动机,但其人生经历和最后的行为细节表明,他过着一种孤立且日益备受困扰的生活。
警方表示,他已与家人失去联系两年或更长时间,并且失去了工作。此前,他曾因酒驾于2021年被台湾军方开除。家属向警方调查人员表示,他从小就对武器感兴趣。
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他在逃离车站时留下了汽油瓶、一件战术背心和一个防毒面具。在他试图纵火的小公寓里,调查人员发现了更多的刀具、五个汽油容器以及一台被烧毁的笔记本电脑。在这名男子为生命最后三天租住的旅馆房间内,警方发现了23枚简易汽油炸弹、两台平板电脑和更多的刀具。

储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》首席中国记者,自台北报道中国和台湾问题,重点关注政治、社会变革以及安全和军事问题。

翻译:纽约时报中文网

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施压、突袭、逮捕:中国当局如何镇压锡安教会

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纽约时报 出版语言
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施压、突袭、逮捕:中国当局如何镇压锡安教会

王月眉
一名牧师当时在上海的一座机场。另一名在北京的城乡结合部。还有一名在位于中国西南部广西的家中。
10月初,他们与全国各地近30名牧师和教会成员一同被拘留。警方当时在全国范围内展开行动,抓捕与锡安教会有关联的人士。锡安教会是中国规模最大的非官方新教教会之一。
据维权人士和支持者称,这是多年来针对中国基督徒范围最广的一次打压。许多人担心,这只是一个开始。
在警方10月那次行动中被捕的人士。
在警方10月那次行动中被捕的人士。 Headshots courtesy of Zion Church. By Pablo Robles/The New York Times
被拘留者中有些人自幼就是基督徒,也有近年才加入教会的人。他们年龄从30多岁到50多岁不等,职业包括律师、物理学家和音乐专业学生。
截至目前,已有18人被正式逮捕。除了向被捕者家属发出仅列明涉嫌罪名和被关押地点的简短通知外,警方几乎没有披露调查细节。
Zion Church
被捕者中最引人注目的是教会的主任牧师金明日,他也使用以斯拉(Ezra)这一名字。2007年他在北京创立了锡安教会,这是一个未注册的福音派教会。
中国法律保障宗教信仰自由,但在现实中,中共当局要求宗教团体向政府登记,并接受严格的政治控制。那些不愿意这样做的群体——据估计包括数以千万计未登记的中国基督徒——只能在地下进行宗教活动。
在现任领导人习近平上台后,这变得尤为艰难。随着他不断收紧对社会的控制,许多大型地下教会被关闭,其中就包括2018年遭到取缔的北京锡安教会
锡安教会牧师金明日(又名以斯拉),2018年摄于北京。该教会是中国国内最著名的地下教会之一。他的家人表示,他于周五被拘留。
锡安教会牧师金明日(又名以斯拉),2018年摄于北京。该教会是中国国内最著名的地下教会之一。他的家人表示,他于周五被拘留。 Ng Han Guan/Associated Press
一些像锡安这样的教会转而主要在网上活动。但政府对此同样展开了打压。锡安教会成员被指控的罪名是“非法使用信息网络”,这一罪名范围广泛,主要针对所谓在网上传播非法或犯罪信息。近年来,政府已将未经授权的宗教活动纳入这一范畴。9月出台的新规规定,线上布道只能通过依法登记的宗教团体所运营、并获得许可的网站和平台进行。
据教会成员介绍,金牧师曾将锡安教会打造为最成功的线上教会之一。他仍然在线下与信徒见面,同时也通过YouTube、微信等平台进行线上布道。锡安教会的YouTube频道有数百段视频,记录着成员们唱圣诗、举办圣诞演出的画面。
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金牧师的女儿金婷雅现居美国。她说,新冠疫情迫使许多非官方教会停止线下活动,而锡安教会凭借既有的线上基础迅速壮大。她表示,当时每个周日全国数十座城市里有100多个小组同时聚会。
但政府的监控随之而来。过去三年里,当局不断加大对锡安教会的压力。在被捕前,金牧师曾在与女儿及女婿的一系列视频通话中表示,教会工作人员被拘留,或被无端指控行贿、寻衅滋事等罪名。
金牧师的家人说,他们决定录下这些对话,是因为担心会有更大规模的镇压行动,希望留下记录。
当局也频繁干扰教会聚会活动。例如7月在中国南方城市中山的一次聚会。
据现场视频显示,至少七名身着警服的男子闯入一栋写字楼内的周日礼拜现场,同行的还有多名便衣男女,后来他们自称警察或宗教事务部门工作人员。一名身穿白色T恤的人员表示,他们怀疑这场包含儿童在内的聚会属于非法集会。
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当信徒试图离开房间时,执法人员要求他们先登记个人信息。一名穿制服的警察还用手机拍摄信徒离开的过程。
随后,正如金牧师一家所担心的那样,当局在10月展开了集中打压。
10月10日,锡安教会牧师孙聪正在北京郊外一家招待所参加为年长教会成员举办的团契活动。大约晚上10点半,当大家准备就寝时,多名便衣男子和一名穿制服的警察出现了。孙牧师的妻子谷晓羽说,对方当场给孙聪戴上手铐,其他参与者则质问他究竟犯了什么错。
广告
随后,八名警员将仍被铐着的孙聪带回他在北京的家中。接近凌晨1点,他们按响门铃,要求谷晓羽开门。
进入屋内后,警方开始搜查。他们拷贝了孙聪笔记本电脑里的文件,并翻查基督教书籍。谷晓羽询问是否有搜查令时,对方当场填写了一份。
Sean Long, via Associated Press
Sean Long, via Associated Press
类似的突袭行动在全国多地同时发生。金明日牧师当天在广西的家中被捕。10月11日凌晨2点左右,警方还来到北京一处住所,锡安教会牧师高颖佳和妻子耿朋朋当时正借住在朋友家。(耿朋朋说,他们夫妇在得知逮捕行动后离开了自己家。)
警方将高颖佳带走,留下了耿朋朋与他们五岁的儿子。第二天早晨,当她回到自己家时,发现大门虚掩,电子门锁已被拆除更换。
广告
她的家已被当局搜查。她说,十多本日记不见了,一些宗教和哲学书籍、夫妻二人的笔记本电脑以及银行卡也被带走。
自10月以来,突袭行动仍在继续。据教会在社交平台X上发布的声明,20多名警察在北京突袭了锡安教会成员的感恩节聚会,并带走了一名成员。多名被捕牧师的亲属已逃往海外,包括孙聪的妻子谷晓羽。她在电话中表示,自己不敢回中国,即使这意味着不得不带着三个年幼的孩子背井离乡。
“在中国现在的这个宗教环境下,尤其基督教的迫害,一波接着一波, 我们是有心理准备的,”她哽咽道。“但是当真的到的时候,包括现在,这个事情已经过去两个月了,我心里也会很痛。”

王月眉(Vivian Wang)是《纽约时报》驻华记者,常驻北京,撰写关于中国的崛起及雄心如何塑造普通人日常生活的报道。

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就叫熊太行也行|我认错,大明皇帝,还是有点骨气的

CDT 档案卡
标题:我认错,大明皇帝,还是有点骨气的
作者:就叫熊太行也行
发表日期:2025.12.21
来源:就叫熊太行也行
主题归类:六神磊磊
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

想念磊磊的这几天,我重新读了《鹿鼎记》。

我特别喜欢陈圆圆给韦小宝唱曲,然后李自成和吴三桂一起出现,火拼,九难带着韦小宝冷冷旁观两个仇人死磕的那一场戏。

这场对决显然是武术水平比较低的打斗,但是吧,它是两个男人为了一个女人的恩怨。

这俩人后来都越来越差,跌破底线。

跟他们俩一比,那个死了的皇帝,还是好多了。

摘录一段吧:

陈圆圆退在房角,脸色惨白,闭住了眼睛,脑海中闪过了当年一幕幕情景:

“我在明朝的皇宫里,崇祯皇帝黄昏时临幸,赞叹我的美貌。第二天皇帝没上朝,一直在寝殿中陪伴着我,叫我唱曲子给他听,为我调脂抹粉,拿起眉笔来给我画眉毛。他答应要封我做贵妃,将来再封我做皇后。他说从今以后,皇宫里的妃嫔贵人,再也没一个瞧得上眼了。皇帝很年轻,笑得很欢畅的时候,突然间会怔怔的发愁。他是皇帝,但在我心里,他跟从前那些来嫖院的王孙公子也没什么两样。三天之中,他日日夜夜,一步也没离开我。

“第四天早晨,我先醒了过来,见到身边枕头上一张没丝毫血色的脸,脸颊凹了进去,眉头皱得紧紧的,就是睡梦之中,他也在发愁。我想:‘这就是皇帝么?他做了皇帝,为什么还这样不快活?’

这天他去上朝了,中午回来,脸色更加白了,眉头皱得更加紧了。他忽然向我大发脾气,说我耽误了国事。他说他是英明之王,不能沉迷女色,成为昏君。他要励精图治,于是命周皇后立刻将我送出宫去。他说我是误国的妖女,说我在宫里耽了三天,反贼李自成就攻破了三座城市。

我也不伤心,男人都是这样的,什么事不如意,就来埋怨女人。皇帝整天在发愁,心里怕得要死,他怕的是个名叫李自成的人。我那时心想:‘李自成可了不起哪,他能叫皇帝害怕,不知道是怎样的一个人?’”

陈圆圆睁开眼来,只见李自成挥舞禅杖,一杖杖向吴三桂打去。吴三桂闪避迅捷,禅杖始终打不中他。陈圆圆心想:“他身手还是挺快。这些年来,他天天还是在练武,因为……因为他想做皇帝,要带兵打到北京去。”

她想起从皇宫出来之后,回到周国丈府里。有一天,周国丈大宴宾客,叫她出来歌舞娱宾,就在那天晚上,吴三桂见到了她。此刻还是清清楚楚的记得,烛火下那满是情欲的火炽眼光,隔着酒席射过来。这种眼光她生平见得多了,随着这样的眼光,那野兽一般的男人就会扑将上来紧紧的抱住她,撕去她的衣衫,只不过那时候是大庭广众之间……

忽想:“刚才那个娃娃大官见到我的时候,也露出过这样的眼光,当真好笑,这样一个小娃娃,也会对我色迷迷。唉!男人都是这样的,老头子是这样,连小孩子也这样。”

她抬起头来,向韦小宝瞧了一眼,只见他脸上充满了兴奋之色,注视李吴二人搏斗,这时候吴三桂在反击了,长矛不断刺出。

“他向周国丈把我要了去。过不了几天,皇帝便命他去镇守山海关,以防护满洲兵打进来。可是李自成先攻破了北京,崇祯皇帝在煤山上吊死了。李自成的部下捉了我去,献给了他。这个粗豪的汉子,就是崇祯皇帝在睡梦中也在害怕的人吗?

重温完这一段。

顿时觉得自己以前这几篇呀,太刻薄了。

有没有骨气、节操,得看跟谁比。

崇祯皇帝崇总,在前面打仗打得热火朝天的时候,都知道把陈圆圆送走,他至少知道羞耻,知道将士们在外面流血,他不能在后方沉溺于女人。

人崇总从来没有厚着脸皮、对着全国百姓说:“我恋爱了,一见钟情的那种。”

img

“葛公在时,亦不觉异,自公殁后,不见其比”

img

文羊|六神磊磊与“不死不休”

CDT 档案卡
标题:六神磊磊与“不死不休”
作者:文羊
发表日期:2025.1.1
来源:文羊
主题归类:六神磊磊
CDS收藏:公民馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

六神磊磊的号也搜不到了。一篇试图“以魔法打败魔法”的与“悼明派”的战斗檄文,为他赢得了满堂彩,也喜提了小黑屋。

我对六神不太感冒,或者说,我对所有的“解读”都不太感冒。无论历史还是文学,我都习惯自己读原作,不劳别人帮我解读。

但不得不承认,花露水同志的文字是大V里较为独特的。

他惯用的是春秋笔法,披着武侠小说解析的外衣针砭时弊,皮里阳秋,当然也偶有阴阳怪气刻薄嘲讽之语。

喜欢的人看的拍案叫绝直呼犀利,看不惯的则恨的牙根儿痒痒又难挑出毛病,毕竟人家只是在聊小说,想喷找不到着力点,像一拳打在棉花上。

这种风格也让他硬生生从“武侠”这个小众赛道杀成了大V。

不过YQ期间,他的几篇文章犯了众怒,至今仍然是毁誉参半。

以前看过一个大V评价六神:他不愧为多年媒体人,对尺度的把控极为精准,哪些能写,哪些不好写,要写到什么程度,精确到毫米级。

其实这句话本身,就说明花露水已经游走在尺度边缘了。要知道尺度并非长度,不是奥运会跳高比赛的固定标高竿,它是随潮汐涨落的海岸线。有些话今天说没事,保不齐明天就犯天条。

钢丝走多了,偶尔翻车也能理解,原本大V的账号在小黑屋里进进出出也稀松平常,没有喜提过“7天”、“15天”、“360天”的,出门都不好意思跟人打招呼。

这次事件真正引我注意的,是举报者的最后一句:“不死不休”。

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让我想起了著名的“守夜人誓词”:长夜将至,我从今开始守望,至死方休。

观点之争不可怕,现在表达渠道如此之多,不同意可以把自己的观点亮出来,当面锣对面鼓的打擂台,论战本身就是文化繁盛的标志。

理不辩不明,当年鲁迅与各名家的笔端争锋,至今都是文坛佳话,也未见哪个“不死不休”的去当局举报。

但现在连个辩论的过程都没有,就直接上升为“不死不休”的缠斗,堪比古时文臣对皇上的死谏,你不听劝谏老子就当场撞柱子给你看,结果到最后连自己到底要“谏”啥也没有说,这就有点夸张了。

其实我觉得吧,有这股子“不死不休”的韧劲儿和精力,如果放到别的方面,该能成多少事,可惜了。

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现在的网络环境,也让人有些看不懂了。

前两天老友更了一篇文章回忆多年玩《传奇》的经历,提到“当年网民素质之高,是现在难以想象的。”

一句话也勾起了我仿佛已经封存至前世的回忆。

我算是国内较早接触网络的一批人,我的网龄,几乎覆盖了中国互联网的整段生长史。

从电话线拨号的时候就开始上网,很多人难以想象:当年发一段文字,要等一分钟;图片是奢侈品,视频更是天方夜谭。我们最早的网络游戏,是纯文字MOD。

记得刚开始上网时,有个很轰动的大案“朱令铊中毒事件”才过去没几年。她刚开始中毒时,国内从未有过这样的案例,医生都束手无策,是他的同学贝志城组织同学利用当时的远古互联网,向全世界的医学专家发出求助信。

随后收到了成百上千封全球各地的医学专家的回复,大部分回复指向了同一个词:铊。

朱令因此得救——遗憾的是,毒素已侵蚀她的大脑与神经,悲剧未能逆转。

那次世界求助是中国互联网发展的一个里程碑事件,人们第一次见识到了“万物互联”的威力。

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网络在起步阶段还处于一种“精英自治”的模式,上网门槛之高也保证了大部分网民的素质——理性而礼貌。

其实很多上古的网络遗迹其实只是创始人搭建一个平台,由版主和网友共管而已,包括猫扑天涯西祠,精英自治的“散养”模式,反倒孕育了无数大神。

那时随便玩一个梗,所有人都心领神会,无需解释。我们在水木清华BBS互相调侃堆段子,都可以把周星驰的一部票房扑街的电影捧上神坛。

现在都很难想象:天涯最初只是股票论坛,后来名震江湖的“煮酒论史”“莲蓬鬼话”,都是在网友的呼声下生长出来的。

那时的争论也完全不似如今,大家虽也在线上吵的面红耳赤,但都只是就事论事,观点之争。下线后,剑拔弩张的网友常现实聚面,相逢一笑泯恩仇。

记得当年有人在猫扑上问:为什么我一打开浏览器一直会弹出一个网页(指弹窗广告)?

我回复:你打开浏览器不弹网页还指望他弹美金啊!

下边哄笑一片,连被调侃的老兄也宽厚的为我点个UP。

换成今天,一言不合,对方都能气的顺着网线打过来。

曾经名流学士,贩夫走卒,呼啸往来,当年明月在,闲坐说玄宗。

如今星河轮转,昔日风流人物,早已雨打风吹去。

互联网还是那个互联网,但终究,换了人间。

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没有什么分水岭,岁月连续而匆忙,不知不觉间,猫扑、天涯、射手网早已成明日黄花,博客停运了,论坛谢客了,贴吧荒草萋萋。

我们曾亲手建起一座座繁华而脆弱的沙堡,然后看它们被风化成沙丘。

曾经的网络,还只是小众文化偏安一隅,内容远没有现在丰富,但嘻笑怒骂,妙语连珠,皆成文章。

洪流裹挟着我们,一个恍惚就来到今天,琳琅满目,色彩斑瓓,只是——不太像曾经的精神家园了。

短视频早已占据半壁江山,剩下的几个坚守的文字阵地也成了知识分享、干货推广的前线,最终都指向滴滴、私信、加群、卖课。

用了10多年的新闻APP,内容早已被各种AI生文占领,已经找不到正经资讯了,评论区里要么是机器人回复,要么人参公鸡,用什么牌子的手机,IP地址在哪个地区,都能吵作一团。

很久没有打开了。

大数据时代,好像人们上网已经不是为了扩展认知,而是为了强化偏见。

算法可以第一时间捕获你的观点、态度,不管是潜意识还是浮意识,算法比你自己都懂你。然后玩儿命推送观点一致的内容。时间久了,你就觉得全世界都是站我这一边的。

一旦碰上个不开眼的,敢说一两个观点相悖的字眼,那不啻于犯了天条,不追骂个三天三夜都不算完。

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不知为什么,现代人上网跟我们这些“古代人”不一样,似乎格外地“重”——观念重、戾气重、情绪重,当然可能还有一点“利益重”,三句话都说不上就已经吵到“不死不休”了,完全没有过去上网时那种轻盈、闲适的感觉。

曾经的网络像乌托邦,“你一楼,我一楼,众生平等”,乌烟瘴气、藏污纳垢处不是没有,但底色还是清明的,爽朗的,是逃避现实的一方胜境。

现在……只能说,当互联网把绝大部分人都网罗其中时,世界终究变成了它原来的模样。

我们这些上古时代的网虫,也只能看着满屏的“不死不休”,欲辩已忘言了。

三联生活周刊|打拼30年还完房贷,他们失去唯一的房子与“安居梦”

CDT 档案卡
标题:打拼30年还完房贷,他们失去唯一的房子与“安居梦”
作者:覃思 程靖
发表日期:2025.12.21
来源:三联生活周刊
主题归类:香港大埔宏福苑火灾
CDS收藏:人物馆
版权说明:该作品版权归原作者所有。中国数字时代仅对原作进行存档,以对抗中国的网络审查。详细版权说明

作为香港最早一批居屋之一,宏福苑让上世纪六七十年代香港剧增的居民,得以结束简陋的居住条件和频繁迁徙的生活,在城市中真正落地生根。随着香港房价持续攀升、居住密度不断提高,宏福苑相对宽松、生活便利的居住条件,又让这里逐渐成为人们难以搬离的家园。火灾背后,是一个老社区里几代人关于安居、上升、衰老与失守的命运轨迹。


女儿

火灾后的宏福苑,和它对面的广福邨像是两个割裂的世界。它们都是1983年落成的,前者曾是以低于市场价出售的“经济适用房”,后者是香港特区政府出租的公共屋邨,两个社区同期规划,比邻而居。

广福邨平台的一端,是两邨居民日常交会的商场:茶餐厅、糖水店、便利店、平价超市、麦当劳、药店、干洗店、诊所和补习班依次排开。平台上行人来往,初看起来,一切仍在正常运转。

但11月26日大火后,几乎每一天,都有人在广福邨平台上停留,朝着宏福苑的方向凝望。他们中有人是广福邨的居民,有人是专程来悼念宏福苑的遇难者,也有人是宏福苑的居民。大火发生后,政府将1400多户宏福苑居民分散安置在全港各区的酒店和过渡性住房,但遗体辨认、灾民补助申请、证件办理等流程都集中在最近的广福邨。这意味着,受灾居民不得不反复回到这里——在这里,他们静静地凝望着被烧得棕黑斑驳、不复存在的家。

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在广福邨平台上,能望见宏福苑。封锁线外,这里的生活看起来一如往常(黄宇 摄)

我们就是在这里见到了郑先生和他的妻子。郑先生今年37岁,白净的脸上有些雀斑,穿着普通的T恤衫,背着双肩包;妻子一头黑发,扎得很整齐,郑先生的神情比妻子平静一些。几天前,他们在火灾中失去了女儿。

郑先生一家人住在宏福苑宏泰阁(E座)的2407室,女儿郑煦翘今年5岁,上幼儿园大班。每个上学日清晨,家里的菲佣玛丽安(Maryan Pascual Esteban)会带着煦翘坐巴士去九龙的幼儿园。从大埔区到九龙,单程大约半小时。中午放学,玛丽安会带煦翘回家,给她做饭,陪她午睡,等煦翘醒来后,再带她去上课外班。有时候,玛丽安也会带煦翘去距离宏福苑一公里外的海滨公园,踩踩水、骑骑单车。郑先生和妻子工作忙碌,许多时候都是玛丽安陪着女儿。

11月26日下午,正在上班的郑先生看到新闻:宏福苑起火了。火势在短短一小时里蔓延至小区四座大楼。周三是女儿没课的日子,他和妻子匆忙打车回家,路上给玛丽安打电话,却没有接通。他们抱着“两人可能在别处歇脚”的想法,跑去了家附近的商场、麦当劳,又去了临时接纳宏福苑疏散居民的社区中心和安置所,都没有发现她们的踪影。他们心急如焚。

一夜无眠后,郑先生次日一早就向警方报告两人失踪。朋友们则把郑煦翘和玛丽安的照片印成寻人传单,在宏福苑附近分发。他记得,当时警方表示已经找到一些罹难者,会放在相簿里拿给家属辨认。就在那天中午,他在宏福苑相邻公屋广福邨的社区会堂辨认出了女儿。那天傍晚,玛丽安的遗体也被找到了。他得知,两人是在家门口被找到的,“我相信他们往楼梯方向逃生时,烟来得太快,就被呛到了”。

郑先生说,在已经烧毁的宏泰阁2407室,收藏着许多女儿的画。周末若父母起得晚,她会自己在客厅画画,画爸爸妈妈和小动物。“郑煦翘”这个名字,“煦”代表着阳光、有活力。他们也看到女儿从容易害羞,变得活泼、爱照顾人。郑先生说,女儿在幼儿园是插班生,后来,每当有其他孩子转校来时,她会主动帮别的孩子适应环境,“有时同学不开心,她会主动拍拍别人,安慰别人。在家楼下玩时,如果有孩子说,‘我们不要跟谁玩’,她会说,‘不要这样,我们一起跟他玩’”。

郑先生说,女儿出生在 2020年。从那以后,郑先生觉得自己和太太“像变了个人”。为了多赚钱,他从一份能按时下班的文职工作离职,转行做需要拼业绩的岗位。工作越来越忙,压力越来越大,下班回家孩子已入睡,周末和旅行也要带着电脑。但他始终觉得,只要一家人在一起,再辛苦也值得。

过去一周多的时间里,郑先生为煦翘办理后事、申请补助金和安置房时,都要回到宏福苑。一家人都难以接受煦翘的离去。他说,长辈们只要看到为宏福苑受难者悼念的照片,就会“触景生情”。而对他和妻子来说,即使不路过宏福苑,也会随时想起女儿——打开手机,里面全是她的照片;吃什么、走到哪里,都能想起她;为她办理后事、走进童装店时,会下意识地想:“她会喜欢哪件衣服呢?”

出事后,朋友劝他坚强,“你们还年轻,还可以再生一个小孩”。但他也知道,一个小孩怎么可能替代另一个呢?

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广福邨的居民广场(黄宇 摄)

逃生

宏福苑位于新界大埔东侧,靠近吐露港海岸,是一个典型的上世纪80年代居屋小区。从空中俯瞰,各栋楼体都是规整的“十”字形。这样的设计让大多数住户都能见到光、吹到风。八栋31层高的住宅楼紧挨在一起,组成一个背靠海港、内扣的字母“C”。

根据目前的调查,尚无人了解火灾“第一分钟”里发生了什么,但可知的是,大火是从这个“C”字最中间的宏昌阁东边低层烧起来的。据香港天文台信息,恰好有一股强烈的东北季候风,在11月25~26日之间抵达香港。在干燥大风的助推下,宏昌阁的火势很快蔓延到位于其西南方向的宏泰阁,继而蔓延到西北方向另外五座楼栋。唯独宏昌阁正北、隔着一栋楼的宏志阁没有被烧。

卢家明家住宏道阁,与宏昌阁隔了三座楼。他是在大楼断电后,从21楼一路“摸黑”走下来的。他回忆说,26日下午2点多时,姐姐打电话来问他在哪里,“着火了,你们收拾收拾走吧”。他感到诧异,他没有听到火警钟响。“走什么走?家里没烟,也没火。”卢家明说,因为小区维修工程,他家的窗户被发泡胶板封住,看不到窗外的景象。他只感到“很吵”,但他猜想可能是因为窗户正对着小区的游乐场——平日里,每天下午放学后,孩子们都在那里玩游戏。

但挂掉姐姐的电话,卢家明回头看了看,发现“黑烟正从厕所的气窗里涌进来”。那一刻卢家明才意识到,涌进来的烟味“和普通烟味不一样”,是“呛喉”的那种。他马上把气窗关上,又检查一遍家里窗户是否关好。他打开家门,发现整个电梯厅都是黑的,“什么都看不到,全都是浓烟”。卢家明立刻走出去,把门关上。宏福苑的住宅格局是每层8户。每栋楼有三台电梯供住户上下楼,同时配有两道防火梯,以剪刀形排列,其中一道通往前门,另一道通往后楼梯。

卢家明说,他在宏福苑居住了30多年,知道后楼梯在哪儿。走廊烟雾弥漫,他摸到后楼梯,沿着后楼梯外侧的扶手,一边摸索,一边用脚试探,一点一点地向下走,“又怕滑倒,又怕踩空”。卢家明记得,整整21层的楼梯漫长的仿佛没有尽头,他一边摸索,一边想着“怎么走了这么久都没到?”但还是坚持向下走。又走了两层,他摸到一扇门,一推开门,透过门口看到了一个熟悉的路牌,新鲜空气涌了进来。

他匆匆穿过大堂,在走出楼外的一瞬间,水从头顶上浇下来,“那应该就是灭火的水”。他看到了匆匆往其他楼栋跑去的消防员。走到隔壁公屋广福邨的社区会堂时,他回头看了一眼,刚好看到宏新阁的火苗蹿向相邻宏道阁外的棚网,火势一下子蹿升。“我眼睁睁地看着火烧到我的家……”他一边看着火越烧越高,一边喊“为什么不救火?为什么不救火?”但他后来才知道,当时消防队忙着扑救火灾严重的宏昌阁和宏泰阁,“等他们赶到,我们的楼已经来不及救了”。

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火灾后,人们来到香港大埔海滨公园悼念(黄宇 摄)

卢家明的崩溃在火灾后第二天开始。在暂住朋友家的日子里,他放声痛哭。他记得自己上一次哭,是因为母亲去世,而这一次他哭了几十次。儿子劝他不要刷手机、不要看新闻,但关于火灾的报道铺天盖地,他根本无法避开。看着不断上升的死亡人数,他甚至一度想过:“为什么死的人不是我?”

莫太家在宏昌阁14层。火灾发生两周前,她家窗户外的围挡已经拆除。但火灾发生时,她没有听到窗外有什么异响,也没有听到火警钟响。是有人敲门喊“有火警”(着火了),她打开门,没有看到按门铃的人,只看到走廊里飘着一点烟雾。她转头回家拿上钱包、手机和钥匙,又拿了一条毛巾,用水打湿。走出家门时,莫太看到隔壁的老人家已经坐在轮椅上,帮佣推着他。另一位邻居男士也来到了走廊。那时,楼里的电梯还在运行,四人决定一起坐电梯下楼。几十秒后,他们到了底楼大堂,看到门口不断有燃烧的棚网碎屑掉下来,消防员让他们等一会儿。

莫太记得,他们走出楼栋时是下午2点58分前后。几分钟后,她给此前下楼购物的先生打了电话。她想,幸好那位未见其人的邻居来按了门铃,“要是等烟进到屋子里,看不见时,我再逃生就很困难了”。她还听说,再过十几分钟,宏昌阁的电梯也无法使用了。

同住宏昌阁的街坊李威廉(William Li)证实了莫太的预感。李威廉后来接受媒体采访时提到,下午3点2分,当妻子打来电话告诉他家中着火时,他还未闻到烟味,等他换完衣服、收拾东西准备离开时,“开门的一瞬间,浓烟就涌了进来”。他听到走廊上有人声,便打开门,摸着黑将一对邻居老夫妇接回家中。为了防止烟雾倒灌进家里,他一边用湿毛巾堵住门缝,躲进房间,一边打电话给消防、警察求救。

被困两小时间,火舌不断逼近他家窗外,他一度感到自己“真的要死了”,便给朋友们逐个打电话、发信息,道别、交代后事。他拼命用手机灯光照向消防员,终于引起他们的注意。他指着着火的窗户位置,消防员立刻用水枪对准,把火扑灭。消防云梯不久后升至他家窗前,将老夫妇和他逐个救出。

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火灾后的两周里,每天都有成百上千的香港市民来到广福邨下方的休憩处,悼念宏福苑的遇难者(黄宇 摄)

安居梦

“我是一家三口住。我和先生都是40岁,我的女儿10岁,我的两只猫2岁多。我手机里还有家里去年的照片,或许能作为财产的证明。因为房子被烧了,我想知道在没有买火险的情况下,我怎么索赔呢?”

12月4日这天,阿梅坐在临时安置点的免费法律咨询室,对律师讲出这些的时候,冷静得像是拿着手术刀的外科医生。11月26日那天下午,她在电视直播里,目睹自己住了八年的小家在火焰中爆裂,火苗“像火箭一样”直冲夜空。在过去几天里,她将精力聚焦于一件件具体而迫切的生活事务,以将自己从痛苦中抽离出来:上班通勤、接送孩子、咨询律师、整理临时住所,在城市里步行数万步,穿梭于不同的救济物资领取点。在咨询室里,阿梅连续讲了五分钟,没有停顿。直到她说到“一家人的记忆都在这间房子里”时,声音才突然变调,眼泪涌了出来。

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”在政府提供的一处过渡性住房“善楼”,义工摆出物资样品,供灾民挑选(黄宇

73岁的张士敏和家浩父母是同代人,已经在宏福苑住了42年。他头发花白,身材瘦高。他的包里折着一张报纸一样大的表格,密密麻麻列着不同基金会的名称、金额和日期。他把这张表叫作“天书”。每天他都要隔着老花镜,在上面反复核对几十遍,确认哪一笔已经领过,哪一笔还没有领取。张士敏出生在印度尼西亚。父亲是从广东梅县南下到印尼做生意的老华侨。上世纪60年代末印尼排华,他和几个兄弟姐妹匆忙离开印尼。原本计划依父亲嘱托,借道香港返回梅县,最终却在香港停了下来。

1974年,经大哥介绍,张士敏进入一家由梅县老乡经营的制衣厂。厂房位于土瓜湾工业区,面积约400平方米,却同时承担生产、发货和财务功能。“像个家庭作坊,好辛苦。”张士敏什么都做,管理货品、安排出货,下班后还要替老板接送孩子,月薪两三千元。制衣厂生意扩张得极快。张士敏记得,1981年春节他结婚,生意旺到年廿九回乡办酒,年初二便返回工厂加班,一直干到晚上8点半。最忙的时候在上世纪90年代初,他曾连续加班到凌晨,把香港工厂生产的领带,发往哈尔滨、海南的百货公司。也是在那几年,他的月薪第一次超过了1万港元。

收入改善的同时,居住条件也在一点点变化。最早,他住过廉租屋的走廊——那时楼道尚未如此拥挤,一张行军床勉强放得下。后来住进“劏房”,一个几十平方米的单位,被切割成数个六七平方米的房间,共用厨房和厕所。他和兄姐三人挤在一张上下铺。

30岁出头时,张士敏凭着一身“什么都干”的闯劲,跻身同代移民里的“年轻才俊”之列。1982年,女儿出生,妻子辞掉工作在家带孩子,希望一家人能搬到一个独立空间里去。1976年,香港特区政府推出“居者有其屋”(居屋)计划,让收入不足以购买私人楼宇的市民,以低于市价的价格购入居屋。但居屋名额有限、申请条件严格,一对夫妇必须有小孩或长者同住才有资格。即便如此,仍是一屋难求——1978年葵涌、观塘等地的第一批居屋推出时,约有3.6万份申请,超额认购四倍。张士敏申请时只拿到候补名额,大埔宏福苑是唯一选择。

张士敏本来想住工厂遍地的市区九龙,因为他嫌当时的大埔太偏僻,遍地西洋菜田,像“乡下”。“不过我也贪这里价格便宜,以后有机会升值。”大埔属于政府在上世纪70年代开始开发的一批“新市镇”之一,目的就是安置市区已经挤不下的人口。在政府做的新市镇发展计划里,大埔有美好的远景,会修新的隧道、通电气化火车,建工业区,吸引工厂入驻。宏福苑落成同年,电气化火车首次驶入大埔站,轨道由单轨变为双轨,班次大幅增加,解决了从新界到九龙的通勤问题。

在火灾之前,张士敏认为自己已经实现了安居梦。42年来,他愈发中意大埔实惠的墟市,辽阔的海岸风光,和相比九龙、港岛更宽松的建筑密度。在大埔长大的家浩也不愿搬走,他说,虽然港岛的都市生活更“新潮”,但要论宜居和性价比,还得是大埔——去港岛、九龙都方便,去机场也有直达巴士,又不像市区一样嘈杂逼仄。“现在香港哪里还找得到这样的地方?”

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宏福苑海景开阔,海风亦无遮挡(黄宇 摄)

起落

像张士敏这样经历了“住房升级”的还有郭纪升。1983年,30岁出头的郭纪升和妻子带着两个孩子申请上了宏福苑的居屋。在那之前,他们在九龙、新界四处租房辗转。郭纪升毕业于香港官立高级工业学院(今香港理工大学),修读工程学,毕业后进入电子厂当工程师;妻子则在服装厂担任技术工人,替欧美品牌做贴牌加工。郭纪升说,上世纪80年代是香港工业最蓬勃的年代——制衣、玩具、钟表工厂随处可见,“香港地方小、人口多、工业基础不算雄厚,却能制造全世界都用的商品,除此之外还有许多高科技公司,代理全世界高科技电子产品,转卖到内地或其他地区”。

但郭纪升也记得,正因工作机会多,工资反而难以提高。年轻时,他每月工资几千港元,抽不中政府廉租房(公屋),只能租房。在九龙,租一间稍微舒适的房子每月就要两千多港元,“我和太太要一起工作,才能住得舒服些”。申请居屋时,郭纪升早早就排队轮候。1983年,政府通知他参加面试和资格审查时,他正在英国出差,就请妻子代为办理。他回港后,直接被分配到宏福苑。讲究风水的他们,挑选了一个位于二层、朝南的单位。郭纪升夫妇终于拥有了属于自己的家。宏福苑的单位是两房一厅,他和太太住较大的一间房,两姐弟睡在另一间小房里,上下铺。他记得,当时要抚养两个孩子,手头余钱不多,只能办理等额本息贷款,月供约1500港元,占他月薪三分之一。

上世纪80年代初,改革开放,实施“三来一补”(来料、来样、来件、补偿贸易)模式,大量香港企业北上设厂。作为技术工人,郭纪升能很快读懂说明书、立刻操作新机器,还能指导工人,很快便随港商赴深圳办厂、培训工人。随着经验累积,他逐渐从技术岗位转向工厂管理岗位。

但内地工业腾飞的另一面,是香港工业的加速外移。他记得,过去香港工作机会多,同侪们为了加薪,常以跳槽累积经验;如果不愿跳槽,只要不被裁掉便能一直做下去。然而在2000年前后,香港的加工类小厂开始大规模倒闭,产业结构逐渐转向零售、餐饮、金融等服务业。

直到2023年退休前,郭纪升几乎每两年就要换一次工作——不是工厂倒闭,就是老板决定结束营业。这期间,郭纪升供完了一家人在宏福苑宏建阁的单位——30年贷款在2013年正式还完。在深圳工作期间,他曾想过购房,但最后因家人都在香港,不便搬离而放弃。至于购买香港的楼房,他感慨道,即使有技术他也只是工薪阶层,“工资每涨一点,房价就涨得更快,最后工资也没追上房价上涨的速度”。

张士敏清楚地记得2003年被裁那天的情景。那是一个工作日下午,张士敏准备收拾东西下班回家,人力资源部经理把一张支票塞到他手里,而他效力了三十多年的老板,从头到尾没有露面。张士敏那时52岁,对他而言,人生的黄金时代戛然而止。张士敏只有小学学历,除了一点夜校学来的英语,没有其他专业技能。他用仅有的积蓄,在大埔东郊开了一家杂货店,却不懂经营,只能勉强维持,几年下来等于“白做”。妻子辞去工作,照顾一双儿女,他的全部积蓄也都投入到子女身上,无力再换置新居。

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火灾后的两周里,每天都有成百上千的香港市民来到广福邨下方的休憩处,悼念宏福苑的遇难者(黄宇 摄)

衰老

黎维茵在宏福苑生活了42年,她想不起这42年里有什么特别的时刻,只觉得日子简单、平静。闭着眼睛,也能伸手摸到豉油瓶。“我和我细佬(弟弟)想着住到死为止。”这次大火让她感觉像是走在一条压实了的沥青路上,突然一脚踩空。在大埔各个资助金领取点之间穿梭时,黎维茵接连遇到四五个熟面孔。远远四目对上时,双方都会不自觉地加快脚步。“哎,你没事吧?”“你呢,你也没事吧?”白发人遇上白发人,两位老人抓住对方的手肘,攥得很紧,眼泪在几句寒暄里突然决堤。

但黎维茵说,她其实并不认识多少街坊。“住进宏福苑,平时闩门过日子。我要返工(上班),回到家都夜晚了,见不到人。搭lift(电梯)的时候,大家见到才会打声招呼,不知道对方叫什么名字。”黎维茵说,搬进居屋后,发现邻里的边界感很强。“小时候住的公屋(廉租屋)就不是咯,回家不闩闸,互相介绍零活,差不多整条巷的人都认识。”

火灾后,警方拘捕宏福苑维修工程中的承建商,以及工程顾问公司的有关人员。火灾初步调查的结果显示:承建商“宏业建筑工程有限公司”在今年7月台风吹毁部分保护网后,为楼栋中高层更换了未达阻燃标准的保护网。工程顾问“鸿毅建筑师有限公司”则在分析宏福苑收到的回标文件、为业主提供参考建议时,无视了承建商宏业的多宗违法记录。政务司司长陈国基形容这是“处心积虑去犯案”“非常可耻”。

从2012年起,香港特区政府开始对楼龄超过30年的住宅楼陆续发出强制验楼令,督促各小区(屋苑)在一定期限内完成大厦维修。依照相关规定,维修由业主立案法团牵头,重要的选择,包括工程的方案、承建方、监督方(工程顾问公司),都必须由业主一人一票在业主大会上决定。

业主立案法团是业主自治的法人团体,由全部业主组成,每两年选举一次管理委员会成员,后者是法团的核心代表,负责召开业主大会和运营日常事务(许多场景下“法团”指代的都是管委会)。我们遇到的大多数业主——包括黎维茵——都表示,在大维修之前的几十年里,他们从不出席业主大会,很少在管委会的换届选举中投票,也很少参与法团筹办的那些以老人为主的节日聚餐。“如果不是大维修,会一直这样下去。”黎维茵说。直到工程费用“杀到埋身(迫在眼前)”,每户要掏十几万港元,“个个都好踊跃去业主大会”。

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政府提供的一处过渡性住房“乐善邨”外景(黄宇 摄)

宏福苑确实老旧了。黎维茵说,空调外机老化漏水的问题已经困扰大家多年,不少人家的窗台发黑起霉、墙皮鼓胀脱落。公共区域的天花板有一个接一个的长条形“伤疤”,内部生锈的钢筋暴露出来。在建筑外立面,开裂的纸皮石不时剥落掉下小的碎块,也让底下的行人不得不加快脚步。11月28日,香港特区政府消防处处长杨恩健也向记者表示,宏福苑八栋大厦消防系统的火警钟,虽然没有被关闭,但火警钟无声响,“不能有效操作”。

宏福苑住户、前法团管委会委员陈超伟说,早在政府发出强制验楼令的前三四年,也就是宏福苑楼龄三十多年的时候,法团委员们已经盘算过翻新的事,但考虑到要让街坊凑不少钱,不易推进,“干脆等到大维修时再一起做”。

宏福苑在2016年6月10日收到政府的强制验楼令。2019年1月,宏福苑业主大会决定聘用鸿毅建筑师有限公司检验楼况。2021年,业主大会再次选中鸿毅,为大维修拟定标书,及监督维修过程。

2024年1月28日,在宏福苑篮球场,法团召开决定维修方案和承建商的大会。鸿毅给出的三套方案,最大差别在于外墙整修的程度:两套为局部修补,一套为全面翻新重做。黎维茵投的是局部维修——“中间那一档,不会太高,也不会太低”。最终结果是业主以80.5%的大比例通过全面维修的方案。宏业则以54.79%的得票率中标。当天法团会议记录显示,出席人数595人,包括授权代表。

票选结果出来不久,一批年轻业主开始在宏福苑的广场立牌子,公开“讨伐”旧法团。对宏福苑大维修方案的质疑声集中在“授权票”上。由于按法例,业主大会要有一定投票比例才能通过议案,为避免出席不足而流会,许多香港的屋苑都长期依赖授权票。陈超伟告诉我们,在过去十多年里,屋苑形成惯例:不少老年业主会把票授权给法团主席或委员。签名是自己的,但最终投了什么,并不清楚。

长期关注工程界贪腐问题的建筑工程师潘焯鸿说,法例对法团的监管存在漏洞,导致“授权票”被滥用。《建筑物管理条例》在2024年6月修订,规定维修费超过3万港元的工程,必须由至少5%或100名业主到场亲自投票通过,不能以授权票代替。新《建筑物管理条例》在2025年7月正式生效。

在维修开工前的几次大会上,业主围绕“看选票、核验签名”争吵不休。黎维茵目睹过反对者与旧法团成员发生肢体冲突,现场“暴力”“混乱”,最终以警方调解收场。

黎维茵记得带头反对旧法团的“柑仔”40多岁,戴黑框眼镜,说话热情利落。在小区广场上,他对路过的黎维茵说,3.3亿港元方案费用过高、收款时间过短,认为投票过程不够公开透明,并要求重选法团,承诺公开更多资料,包括标书。

黎维茵表达了支持,她对小区的日常管理早有不满,认为监督物业的法团不作为。黎维茵说,有一次下“黑雨”,早晨上班出门时,黎维茵看到雨水已经顺着楼梯间的窗户飘进来,浸了整条走廊。黎维茵担心水流进自己家,会损坏家具,第一时间打电话给物业,请他们派人上楼查看。电话那头却回得很冲:“整个管理处现在就我一个,你以为我有一队兵呀?”气得黎维茵直跳脚。晚上回家,她再打一次,仍是同样的答复。她忍不住说:“我们业主每个月都出粮给你们。”对方回她:“你给我钱咩?我公司给我钱!”在Facebook的“宏福苑居民交流组”里,类似抱怨不少见。

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火灾后的两周里,每天都有成百上千的香港市民来到广福邨下方的休憩处,悼念宏福苑的遇难者(黄宇 摄)

监管漏洞

宏福苑的工程是在2024年7月16日开工的。仅仅两个月后,业主在旧法团激烈反对下仍坚持召开会议,1200多户以56.54%赞成票罢免原管理委员会,选出新一届的管委会。“柑仔”徐满柑成为新任主席。

黎维茵一度觉得“看到了曙光”。新法团上任后,业主曾提议推翻方案重来,但收到的回复是,承建方会索取上千万港元的违约金,维修只能照原方案继续,工程公司也没有更换。黎维茵感到很泄气,好像“白忙活一场”。“作为普通业主,还能向谁求助呢?”

香港市区建建局在2016年推出“招标妥”,试图帮业主减少工程知识不足带来的盲点,包括引入专业第三方为业主提供粗略费用估算,设置招投标电子平台,方便业主对接顾问公司和承建方。宏福苑的招标走了“招标妥”,选取的公司也都是“招标妥”注册企业。

在潘焯鸿看来,政府监管是缺位的。他说,虽然有“招标妥”,但市建局不会对顾问公司的评分做复核,也不会吊销有违法记录的承建商的资质。市建局作为监管单位,主要只审查投标报价是否偏离市价,并不会替业主判断工程方案本身是否合适。而作为《建筑物管理条例》的执法单位,民政事务总署负责协助私人大厦业主处理与大厦管理及维修有关的问题,法团开会时,地区民政处会派职员参与,但他们“只是坐在那里”,因为法律并未授权其干预会议内容。

宏福苑维修期间,因为收到业主求助,潘焯鸿曾在2024年5月多次致函消防处,指出宏福苑棚网与胶板存在消防风险,但未得到回复。民政事务总署表示,大埔民政处在过去三年接到约40宗宏福苑居民投诉或求助,涉及召开业主会议、维修及一般大厦管理问题。大维修开展后有三宗投诉,提及棚架结构安全及保安问题,总署“已将个案转交有关部门跟进”。这些都没能阻止宏福苑的悲剧发生。

“投票呀,唔好(不要)授权!” 12月6日,星期六,在与宏福苑相隔仅一个地铁站的小区穗禾苑,围绕大维修的争议走到高潮,一个身着绿衣的瘦高老人拿着话筒,站在穗禾苑一期的居民广场上呼喊。穗禾苑建于1980年,比宏福苑还要早三年,共有九栋、3501户,住户平均年龄57岁,是一个高度老龄化的小区。2014年,穗禾苑收到屋宇署的强制验楼通知;2022年,一项造价3.8亿港元的维修方案被敲定后,引发持续争议。近百名业主指控法团忽视更经济的方案,夸大工程规模与费用。市建局亦曾发出警示,指出招标文件存在重大不合理之处,包括外墙维修面积被夸大72873平方米,令集资额增加约7477万港元。

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广福邨平台上,义工们为灾民提供帮助和安慰(黄宇 摄)

宏福苑的火灾给穗禾苑带来了很大影响。一个最明显的变化是,密实包裹九栋建筑的棚网被完全拆除,只剩下竹棚。12月3日,香港特区政府下令,全港正在进行大维修的楼宇必须于三日内拆除所有棚网。穗禾苑居民的担心却没有消减。广场上聚集着20多名街坊,其中有二三十岁的年轻人,也有五六十岁的中年人。“我们自己点过棚网,烧得很快,但政府就拿承建商的合规文件来说材料没问题。”“我们这个屋苑一直都不算团结,就算宏福苑出了事,还是有好多人不愿站出来。”

潘焯鸿说,宏福苑、穗禾苑这两个小区的一大共同点,就是老人居多。宏福苑有接近37%居民年龄超过65岁。“上了年纪的业主通常更保守怕事,他们未必看不到问题,而且也都觉得自己拿出积蓄来很辛苦,但他们会逆来顺受,只求下半生安稳。”目前,香港楼龄超过50年的住宅已达1万栋。潘焯鸿认为,楼宇老化的问题,“内地迟早也会面对,香港只是先走了一步”。在他看来,社区维修的制度设计,需要在不同地区之间相互借鉴、共同研究。

宏志阁是宏福苑火灾中唯一一座没有被波及的楼栋。12月3日,宏志阁居民获准回家收拾物品。离家一周后,蒋梦婕第一次回到家,发现家里几乎完好无损,除了冰箱散发出食物腐烂的气味。她猜想,楼里可能断过电,又恢复。她惊讶地发现,一个多月前买的一缸热带鱼还活着。但是鱼缸不易搬动,思来想去,蒋梦婕放弃了搬走鱼缸的想法,只收拾了一些证件、贴身衣物和冬衣。

回到粉岭的临时住所,蒋梦婕将家里的景象告诉了丈夫欧阳家成。欧阳家成一下子怒火中烧,“鱼也是生命,它们告诉你‘我在等你回来’,你怎么可以不管不顾?”他想要救下热带鱼,便一个人坐上地铁回到宏福苑外,请求警方再让他上去一趟,警察却告诉他,“你们家的时间已经用完,没有机会了”。

欧阳家成说,他带着怒火问了当班警察的警号,晚上8点左右,他接到警方电话后回到了位于宏志阁的家,鱼一个星期没有食物,却依然身段灵巧。他想,把鱼接回中转屋后,要等到第三天才有时间去买鱼食,但他知道,鱼儿们会原谅他的,“因为我已经尽力了”。

(本文选自《三联生活周刊》2025年51期,文中除潘焯鸿外,其余受访者均为化名。感谢刘宝洋、何新月、庹舒妮、许振华和余雯彤对本文的帮助)

Why Croatia's capital wants to hold Europe's best Christmas market

AFP via Getty Images Revellers at Zagreb Advent, the city's Christmas marketAFP via Getty Images
Zagreb's Christmas market was voted the best in Europe three years in a row

Christmas markets are not just tradition across Europe, they are big businesses that give cities a huge economic boost every December. For Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, it is an effective way of attracting tourists outside of the country's main summer season.

The words "tourism" and "Croatia" are likely to conjure visons of sparkling Adriatic vistas during the hottest months of the year.

Tourism accounts for more than a fifth of the economy of this Balkan country, and it is keen to encourage more visitors to arrive outside of the height of summer. Yuletide frolics are a key part of that strategy.

"We're making a transformation," says Croatia's Tourism Minister, Tonci Glavina.

"We are developing as a year-round tourism destination – we are not a summer destination anymore. Croatia has really made a significant development. At some point way back it was just sun and sea, but now Croatia offers many tourism products all across the country."

Zagreb Advent, as the capital's Christmas markets and events are collectively known, is the poster child for this approach, with billboards in neighbouring countries urging people to attend. In fact, this year the campaign has spread as far as London's tube stations and Milan's buses.

There are even special trains to bring visitors from Slovenia and Hungary. All of it is part of Zagreb's push, in a very crowded field, to become one of Europe's most popular Christmas markets.

While some cities might limit their offering to a single location, Zagreb Advent is a multi-venue spectacular that takes over large chunks of the centre.

"The entire city has become a festive ground for celebrating Christmas throughout the whole of December," says Slavica Olujic Klapcic, who manages one of the Christmas market areas.

"What's really special around here is that each of the locations has its own theme, and it's a little bit different in decoration, and in the content that it offers. So for a visitor, I think it's a good deal, because by taking a walk through Zagreb, you can see many different spots."

Like other Christmas markets across Europe there are no shortages of the usual seasonal staples, such as sausages and mulled wine. But there are also multiple music stages, craft stalls, vendors offering traditional Croatian food, art installations, and an enormous ice rink.

Slavica Olujic Klapcic, one of the organisers of Zagreb Advent, stands in front of the ice rink at night
Slavica Olujic Klapcic, who manages one of the market areas, says that Zagreb offers festive variety

"It brings life to Zagreb," reckons Zrinka Farina, who is involved with putting on Christmas market events outside the city's historic Hotel Esplanade, as well as a food and music market at nearby Strossmayer Square called Fuliranje – which roughly translates as "fooling around".

But she says that Croatians are deadly serious about trying to offer Europe's best Christmas market. "We are such a sporty nation, we love to compete – and when we do something, we really want to be the best in the world in it."

Such has been the effort that the city has put into Zagreb Advent since it was first held in 2014 that it was voted the best Christmas market in Europe for three years in a row, from 2015 to 2017.

The competition is organised by travel website European Best Destinations, and Zagreb's success has helped to drive visitor numbers to the city every December.

Back in 2014, the city saw 100,198 people stay for at least one night during the last month of the year. By 2024 this had more than doubled to 245,352, which the tourist board says gave the city a €100m ($117m; £88m) economic boost.

Stalls at Zagreb Advent
The Zagreb Advent event is spread across the centre of the city

However, Zagreb has a long way to go if it wishes to catch up with Europe's Christmas market heavyweights.

The one held in the German city of Cologne is widely reported to be the most popular. It is expected to attract four million visitors this year, with an economic impact of €229m.

Meanwhile, Austria's capital Vienna attracts around 2.8 million visitors to its Christmas market, and France's Strasbourg gets two million people.

Zagreb's event also has a limited history – it is only in its 11th year. By contrast, Dresden's Christmas market, widely considered to be the world's oldest, was first held in 1434. Strasbourg's began in 1570, Vienna in 1764 and Cologne in 1820.

Despite its infancy, Zagreb Advent is said to be attracting visitors from across Europe. "They come here from Italy, Spain, Bosnia, Slovenia and even the UK," says Lucija Vrkljan, who is working as a steward at the ice rink.

"It's a great place to be," says Dario Kozul, the founder of BioMania, a bistro with a stall offering vegan and gluten-free food at the Hotel Esplanade Christmas market. "We have a cross-marketing situation all the time," he adds.

"People walk into this event and test our food – they're really very pleased with it. Then we talk about our restaurant, and within the next couple of days, we see them there."

AFP via Getty Images People at Dresden's Christmas marketAFP via Getty Images
Dresden's Christmas market was first held in 1434

Marko Peric, dean of the Faculty of Tourism at Croatia's University of Rijeka, agrees that Zagreb Advent brings "unusually high" numbers of arrivals and overnight stays in December.

But he cautions that the rest of Croatia's heavy reliance on the summer season is a weakness that still needs to be addressed. "We need to work and develop our tourist offer in other parts of the year, including the winter," he says.

"We don't have snow, but we can offer a lot. We should rely on our gastronomy, which is well known, with many tourists arriving just because of that. And we could use other types of events like carnival in February, or sporting events."

Tourism Minister Tonci Glavina insists that Croatia is making moves in the right direction. He points out that visitor numbers over July and August were actually slightly down on the same period in 2024.

But the country is still on course for a record-breaking year, thanks to significant growth either side of the summer peak, with around 5% more arrivals in June and September. This, says the minister, is "just perfect", as is the 10% year-on-year rise over the first week of December.

"We are transforming Croatia to be a sustainable tourism destination, meaning about the same number of guests in peak season, developing the shoulder seasons, and of course developing other parts of the country to be main tourism destinations."

Zagreb Advent has already shown the benefits. Although that may not be the first thing that springs to a visitor's mind with all the traditional Croatian treats on offer.

After all, what could be better than a post-skate fritule doughnut, except perhaps a fritule with chocolate sauce.

浙江将举办首届城市足球联赛

浙江省首届城市足球联赛拟于2026年4月中旬至7月底举行,目前全省11个设区市已陆续开展市级选拔与联赛组建工作。

综合上观新闻、观察者网等媒体星期天(12月21日)报道,浙江省体育局披露,不仅将持续推进浙BA(浙江省城市篮球联赛)等品牌群众体育赛事,群众期待的浙江省首届城市足球联赛也已徐徐拉开帷幕,多个设区市结合市级城市足球联赛正在组织开展预选赛。

据了解,浙江省城市足球联赛借鉴浙BA成熟做法,坚持“草根足球”赛事定位,坚持“体育搭台、文旅商农唱戏”运行模式。

赛事将分为预选赛和城市争霸赛两个阶段。第一阶段预选赛由各设区市结合现有群众性足球赛事自行举办,由所属各县(市、区)组织群众性足球代表队参加市级群众足球联赛,选拔符合参赛浙江省城市足球联赛资格的运动员名单。

第二阶段城市争霸赛由联赛组委会和各分赛区组织实施,拟于2026年4月中旬至7月底举行。目前,浙江全省11个设区市已陆续开展市级选拔与联赛组建工作,多个城市的筹备工作已进入实质性阶段,选拔与联赛组织稳步推进。

台在野党达共识 弹劾赖清德星期一立院排案

台湾在野的国民党、民众党两党立法院党团提案弹劾总统赖清德,将于星期一在立法院排案,最快星期五出弹劾日程表草案。

台湾《联合报》报道,国民党(蓝)立法院党团和民众党(白)立法院党团已达成共识,针对赖清德的弹劾提案,星期一(12月22日)会在立法院程序委员会排案。

立法院院会最快可以星期五(26日)提出弹劾日程表草案。蓝白将借立院弹劾程序拉长战线,与赖清德对抗。

台湾行政院长卓荣泰不副署立院三读通过的《财政收支划分法》法案后,蓝白立委宣布提案弹劾总统赖清德。

国民党团书记长罗智强星期六(20日)表示,弹劾日程表草案将包含召开公听会、请被弹劾人赖清德到立法院说明、表决时程等。除立法院外,也可能到全国各地举办,就是要让台湾人民都知道守护台湾民主、弹劾违宪的总统。

民众党团总召黄国昌表示,弹劾文已签署完毕,送至立法院议事处,星期一就会排入程序委员会。未来将先在全国各地举办公听会,之后才会进行弹劾投票表决程序。

他再次强调,会依照《立法院职权行使法》邀请赖清德列席说明。

解放军报:忘记历史就意味着背叛

中共中央军委机关报《解放军报》刊发评论文章称,如今能够系统、客观呈现日本加害历史的展馆已所剩无几,并指忘记历史就意味着背叛,否认罪责就意味着重犯。

星期一(12月22日)出版的《解放军报》,在国际观察栏目刊发题为《日本历史修正主义肆意践踏正义与良知》的署名评论文章。文章首先写道,2025年是国际社会纪念世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年,而日本多地所谓的“和平”纪念馆却悄然转向,大量揭露日本对外侵略历史和战争真相的展览内容被有意弱化、缩减甚至删除,如今能够系统、客观呈现日本加害历史的展馆已所剩无几。

文章接着称,纪念馆本是铭记历史、传承记忆的神圣场所,但在日本右翼势力操弄下,已沦为其篡改历史的工具和掩盖罪责的遮羞布。

文章指出,日本一方面将侵华战争模糊为“日中战争”,对侵略罪责避而不谈;另一方面又极力渲染大阪遭美军空袭等“受害者”叙事。如此“精心布置”的展陈背后,毫无对历史的敬畏,有的只是用选择性叙事和文字游戏掩饰战争罪责的险恶用心,妄图在世代更迭中彻底篡改侵略史实。

文章续说,然而,历史从不是任人涂抹的画布。从卢沟桥畔宛平城墙的累累弹痕,到南京城内30万遇难同胞的丛葬地;从《拉贝日记》中记录的侵华日军杀戮、掠夺、强奸与毁灭的暴行,到张纯如揭露的南京大屠杀真相;从731部队遗址残存的人体实验器具,到南京利济巷慰安所旧址的血泪印记;从幸存者的泣血证词,到远东国际军事法庭的庄严判决。

文章称:“每一处遗址、每一行文字、每一件文物、每一份档案,都是日本侵略中国的如山铁证,不容篡改,不可磨灭。”

文章也批评,即便面对如此确凿的证据,日本右翼势力依然选择性失明,极力淡化、否认甚至美化侵略行径和反人类罪责。他们或是通过修改教科书扭曲青少年的历史认知,或是借“科学研究”的幌子为战犯开脱,或是公然参拜供奉二战甲级战犯的靖国神社,甚至在国际舞台上扮演“受害者”,将正视历史污蔑为“自虐史观”。

文章指出,这些历史修正主义的操弄,是对历史正义的粗暴亵渎,更是对人类良知的公然挑战。

文章也称,忘记历史就意味着背叛,否认罪责就意味着重犯。时至今日,长崎原子弹爆炸资料馆仍在讨论关于南京大屠杀表述的改陈方案。

文章最后说,那些曾记录历史的展品被撤下、文字被替换,或许能暂时掩盖部分历史、模糊一时记忆,但真相不容否认和抵赖。时间长河奔涌向前,一切篡改历史的行径终将被冲刷殆尽,昭昭真相如日月之光,照鉴未来。

日本首相高市早苗11月7日在国会发表“台湾有事”论后,中日关系持续紧张。

国民党立委翁晓玲赴厦门参加活动 批被绿媒恶意抹黑

台湾在野国民党立委翁晓玲在社交平台发文说,她受邀参加厦门台商投资企业协会成立33周年庆祝活动,原本是一件好事,没想到又被绿媒《自由时报》恶意抹黑,并批评民进党(绿)政府毫无能力照顾台商和在中国大陆工作生活求学的台湾民众。

据政治立场亲绿的《自由时报》上星期六(12月20日)报道,在大陆的台商圈盛传,大陆正试图接触在野政治人物,盼能确保挡下民进党政府提出的国防特别预算与重要国安修法。报道也提到,最新消息传出,大陆利用近期举行的厦门台商协会成立33周年活动,积极透过管道找国民党立委前往,名为探访台商,确保对台工作“没有意外”。

翁晓玲星期天(12月21日)在脸书发文称,很荣幸受邀参加厦门台商投资企业协会成立33周年庆祝活动,不仅见到厦门台企协会的朋友,还有来自大陆30多个城市的台企协会台商朋友们。

翁晓玲说,看到大家一团和气,齐心齐力,在各自领域认真打拼,而且台湾投资在大陆境外投资占有一席之地;同时对两岸交流作出积极和重要的贡献,为台湾争光,她内心非常感动,以台商朋友们为荣。

翁晓玲接着点名批评,原本是一件好事,没想到又被绿媒《自由时报》恶意抹黑,“竟将参加庆祝活动的事恶意连接到挡国防预算的事,实在可恶”。

翁晓玲指出,民进党政府毫无能力照顾台商和在大陆工作生活求学的台湾民众们,并称她不会因为民进党和绿媒报道抹黑,而失去对促进两岸和平交流,以及服务与维护两岸同胞权益的决心,更不会去讨好那些是非不明、“仇中恨陆胞的青鸟们”。

中国人大前副委员长彭珮云逝世 享年96岁

中国人大常委会前副委员长彭珮云在北京逝世,享年96岁,她生前在中国计划生育政策史上扮演关键角色。

据新华社报道,中国人口卫生工作、妇女儿童工作和社会主义法制建设的杰出领导人,原国务委员,第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会副委员长,中华全国妇女联合会原主席、名誉主席彭珮云,因病于星期天(12月21日)早上6时26分在北京逝世,享年96岁。

香港星岛头条报道,彭珮云在中国计划生育史上扮演关键角色。她于1988年至1998年担任国家计划生育委员会主任长达10年,是中国独生子女政策及其调整时期的重要领导者,贡献包括允许农村部分家庭生育二胎、推动《人口与计划生育法》等。

彭珮云的丈夫王汉斌也是中共原副国级领导人,目前100岁高龄,曾任第八届全国人大常委会副委员长。

中国央行陆续发行2026年贺岁纪念币和纪念钞

中国2026年贺岁纪念钞正面主景为马的造型图案。(取自中国人民银行微信公众号)

中国人民银行星期一(12月22日)起陆续发行2026年贺岁纪念币和纪念钞,其中纪念钞正面主景为马的造型图案,背面主景为儿童欢庆锣鼓图案。

据中国央视新闻报道,中国人民银行陆续发行贺岁纪念币和纪念钞,其中纪念钞一张、双色铜合金纪念币一枚、金质纪念币一枚、银质纪念币一枚,均为中华人民共和国法定货币。

纪念钞正面主景为马的造型图案,上方为中华人民共和国国徽、“中国人民银行”、篆书“马”字印章,下方依次为光彩光变面额数字“20”与汉字“贰拾圆”、动感全息图案、透明视窗、盲文面额标记和冠字号码。

纪念钞背面主景为儿童欢庆锣鼓图案,辅以蒙古包装饰图案,上方为面额数字“20”、汉语拼音字母“YUAN”,下方为花卉与动感全息图案、年号“2026年”、行长章、面额数字“20”“中国人民银行”汉语拼音和蒙、藏、维、壮四种民族文字的“中国人民银行 贰拾圆”字样。

双色铜合金纪念币正面图案为“中国人民银行”“10元”字样,汉语拼音字母“SHIYUAN”及年号“2026”,底纹衬以团花图案。背面图案为中国传统剪纸艺术与装饰年画元素相结合的马形象,衬以花灯和萱草图案,币面左侧刊“丙午”字样。

中国人民银行星期一正式发行2026年贺岁金银纪念币一套,包括1克圆形金币和8克菱形银币各一枚。该套金银纪念币正面图案均为中国传统吉祥纹饰组合图案,并刊国名、年号。

中国人民银行星期一(12月22日)发行2026年贺岁金银纪念币一套,包括1克圆形金币和8克菱形银币各一枚。图为1克圆形普制金质纪念币正面图案。(取自中国人民银行微信公众号)
中国人民银行星期一(12月22日)发行2026年贺岁金银纪念币一套,包括1克圆形金币和8克菱形银币各一枚。图为1克圆形普制金质纪念币正面图案。(取自中国人民银行微信公众号)

1克圆形金质纪念币背面图案为“福”字、荷包组合设计,并刊面额。8克菱形银质纪念币背面图案为“福”字、舞鱼灯场景组合设计,并刊面额。

麦当劳实现中国省级行政区门店全覆盖

快餐巨头麦当劳上周末在中国西北省份宁夏、青海陆续开设当地首店。至此,中国所有省级行政区都开设了麦当劳门店。

综合麦当劳中国官网和青海新闻网消息,麦当劳上星期六(12月20日)宣布在宁夏以“三店齐开”形式入驻银川市,并在隔天星期天(12月21日)于青海开设品牌当地首店。

麦当劳1990年正式进入中国大陆市场,在广东深圳罗湖区开设首店。

据新华社报道,数据显示,截至今年11月,麦当劳餐厅已深入中国280余个地级市,数量超7500家,员工人数超过20万。

另据第一财经报道,麦当劳上星期一(12月15日)起部分产品涨价,涨幅普遍在0.5元(人民币,下同,0.09新元)到1元不等,包括多款汉堡、小食及套餐等。

另一家西式快餐巨头肯德基也在去年12月底进行了涨价,是肯德基近两年来首次产品价格调整;具体调整范围在0.5元至2元不等。

US pursuing third oil tanker linked to Venezuela, official says

Reuters A helicopter flies over a ship in blue waters Reuters
The US seized another oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela on Saturday

The US Coast Guard is in "active pursuit" of another vessel in international waters near Venezuela, an official has told the BBC's US partner CBS News, as tensions in the region continue to escalate.

US authorities have already seized two oil tankers this month - one of them on Saturday.

Sunday's pursuit related to a "sanctioned dark fleet vessel that is part of Venezuela's illegal sanctions evasion", a US official said. "It is flying a false flag and under a judicial seizure order."

Washington has accused Venezuela of using oil money to fund drug-related crime, while Venezuela has described the tanker seizures as "theft and kidnapping".

US President Donald Trump last week ordered a "blockade" of sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving the country.

Venezuela - home to the world largest proven oil reserves - has accused the Trump administration of trying to steal its resources.

US authorities have not yet officially confirmed Sunday's pursuit, and the exact location and name of the tanker involved is not yet known.

As of last week, more than 30 of the 80 ships in Venezuelan waters or approaching the country were under US sanctions, according to data compiled by TankerTrackers.com.

Saturday's seizure saw a Panamanian-flagged tanker boarded by a specialised tactical team in international waters.

That ship is not on the US Treasury's list of sanctioned vessels, but the US has said it was carrying "sanctioned PDVSA oil". In the past five years the ship also sailed under the flags of Greece and Liberia, according to records seen by BBC Verify.

"These acts will not go unpunished," the Venezuelan government said in response to Saturday's incident. It added that it intended to file a complaint with the UN Security Council and "other multilateral agencies and the governments of the world".

Venezuela is highly dependent on revenues from its oil exports to finance its government spending.

In recent weeks, the US has built up its military presence in the Caribbean Sea and has carried out deadly strikes on alleged Venezuelan drug-smuggling boats, killing around 100 people.

It has provided no public evidence that these vessels were carrying drugs, and the military has come under increasing scrutiny from Congress over the strikes.

The Trump administration has accused Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro of leading a designated-terrorist organisation called Cartel de los Soles, which he denies.

Why the railways often seem to be in such chaos over Christmas

BBC A treated image of a woman in Christmas hat looking at a board of train departuresBBC

At a rail yard near Milton Keynes, a group of men in orange outfits are making final checks on huge slabs of railway track, preparing them so that they are ready to be installed over Christmas and New Year.

At a time when many commuters stop work to enjoy celebrations with friends and family, rail bosses get massive engineering projects and upgrades done.

So, those orange-clad workers are out in force.

Carl Foy has been on duty for roughly 20 of the 27 Christmases in his career. This year will add another to the tally - with his two grown-up sons, who are also rail workers, out there with him. Some friends think he's mad for doing it. But Carl says it's just accepted as part of the job.

"We bring in a few mince pieces, the site offices might have a bit of tinsel around," he says. "We make it as enjoyable as we can and just crack on with the work."

PA A passenger train travels through Worting Junction in Basingstoke, Hampshire in snowy conditionsPA
Major engineering works are taking place on Britain's rail network over the Christmas period

The £26m project they'll be working on this Christmas is one of the biggest scheduled across the country: Hanslope Junction, a crucial part of the West Coast Main Line, which is wearing out.

Each day almost 500 trains use it and an increasing number of faults are causing delays, the repercussions of which ripple throughout the network. Now, the whole thing, comprising four tracks, is to be re-laid.

It's a giant and complicated jigsaw puzzle of 130 separate track panels - not something that can be done when trains are roaring up and down. So, it will leave passengers with no trains between Milton Keynes and Rugby and Milton Keynes and Northampton not just late on Christmas Eve and on Christmas Day (as is usually the case) but up until the morning of 5 January. It means no direct trains linking London Euston with north-west England and Scotland for 11 full days.

It's a similar story up and down the country, with other projects, too, like updating signalling technology. In all, 5% of the rail network will be shut down over the festive period - part of a £160m engineering project organised by Network Rail.

PA A man wears a Network Rail vestPA
Network Rail, a publicly owned body, manages 20,000 miles of track across England, Scotland, and Wales

Many of these are huge jobs, not routine maintenance, that have been long planned, with funding allocated as part of Network Rail's five-yearly business plans.

The question is - with millions travelling across the country over the festive season, causing so much inconvenience to many, why schedule it now? And is it all a case of sensible planning - or an indicator of something amiss with Britain's rail network?

Frustration at Euston station

Chatting to passengers at London Euston station weeks before Christmas, it doesn't take long to find some who are affected.

"My sister-in-law is coming to visit and she's had real trouble trying to get a train," one woman tells me. "Every train's got two or three changes." Unable to find a direct service, and with a longer journey time, she changed the dates of her visit to avoid the disruption.

Another passenger, heading for the North of England, is wondering whether to get the train at all. "It's easier for me to drive rather than run the risk of getting there and not being able to get back.

"Obviously there are a lot less commuters over the Christmas period, I can see why they do it at this time of year, but it's not great if you're trying to get home… to see your friends and family."

Shutterstock Passengers wait for train services to travel from Euston Station Shutterstock
Some passengers have complained about longer journeys caused by the disruption

The debate over why works should be scheduled over Christmas is a complex one: on the one hand, train bosses calculate that the effects on people travelling to work will be minimal, given how many businesses shut for Christmas.

"It's the quietest time of year for the railway and our customers, so we squeeze in as much work then to disrupt as few people as possible," explains Jake Kelly, a route managing director at Network Rail.

But on the other hand it risks causing a "bottleneck", argues Gareth Dennis, a rail engineer, campaigner, and author of How the Railways Will Fix the Future.

He sees another problem too: "It's extremely expensive.

"All those workers, rightly, are getting paid way over the normal rate they would because they are sacrificing extremely important family and personal time working long hours over that period."

Shutterstock A commuter in a Christmas hat waits for a trainShutterstock
Rail bosses argue that doing works over Christmas causes less disruption because fewer people are commuting. But is that the right approach?

Mr Kelly acknowledges there is a price: "It's always a difficult choice, and there is a cost of doing work over Christmas when families across the UK are celebrating."

But, he says, it's a difficult trade-off between minimising disruption for customers versus cost.

Germany and France do it differently

When compared with other European countries, Britain is fairly unique (with the exception of Italy) in its "particularly intensive approach", as Mr Dennis puts it, to doing this sort of rail work at Easter and Christmas.

This is partly because rail networks in other countries, like Germany and France, are laid out differently.

"Where the country's more of a square shape, their rail network isn't kind of north-south, it's much more of a grid," he explains. "So you can dodge around things more easily… and they can spread their engineering work out a bit more."

Getty Images View of the empty main rail station in Dortmund, GermanyGetty Images
In Germany, 'they can spread their engineering work out a bit more,' says Mr Dennis

The high level of passenger demand in Britain also poses a challenge. "It has one of the most intensively used railways in Europe - [it] gets tired, gets worn out".

The West Coast Main Line does not have the capacity to run any more trains, while the East Coast Mainline's new December timetable will make it much busier, he says.

But even this is only part of the story. Another factor that contributes to the network creaking in places is a legacy of underinvestment.

Years of 'mend and make do'

Stewart Palmer spent 38 years working on the railway, including spells at Network Rail's predecessor Railtrack, and as the managing director of what was then called South West Trains.

In the past – as far back as the post-war period - the money wasn't always there to do the work that was needed and for decades there was a tendency, he says, "towards mend and make do".

The fact there is so much work to do now "has emerged over a very long history".

Engineering works have frequently been postponed, he adds. One way of keeping the railway running safely until work can be done has been by imposing speed restrictions on some parts of the track.

But the legacy of a Hertfordshire rail crash that happened 25 years ago is a reminder of the importance of ensuring that deteriorated rail is replaced in good time.

Getty Images  A policeman walks towards the carriages which overturned near HatfieldGetty Images
The Hatfield disaster of October 2000: a train carrying around 200 passengers derailed, killing four people

On a Tuesday in October 2000, a train carrying 12 staff and 170 passengers came to a catastrophic halt outside the town of Hatfield. Four of the nine carriages were derailed and three more were flung over on their side, killing four people.

An official investigation into the crash revealed a series of errors by rail bosses and engineers. One of those causes, highlighted by an inquiry, was a failure to identify and repair or replace the rapidly deteriorating rail.

"This caused us to do loads of engineering investigations, but it also resulted in renewing an enormous amount of rail all at once in a very fast period of time," Mr Dennis explains.

Extreme weather and the 'paperclip' effect

Then there is the impact of the weather. Network Rail has been clear that climate change poses a significant challenge. "Extreme weather caused by climate change is on the rise. This will affect how safely and reliably we can run the railway," it says on its website.

These extreme weather events not only lead to equipment failures but affect how quickly things wear out too.

William Powrie, a professor of Geotechnical Engineering at the University of Southampton, says climate change creates a long list of hazards for the railways. Take the hot summers - these heat railway tracks beyond temperatures they can handle, sometimes causing them to buckle, he says. High winds can also damage overhead lines.

He's particularly worried about what he calls the "paperclip" effect.

Many British railways are built on clay soil that shrinks in the summer as vegetation sucks out water, and expands in the winter. But this expand-and-shrink cycle is becoming more extreme, he warns.

"It's a bit like if you get a paperclip and bend it forwards, bend it backwards. It's OK for a bit - but eventually it will break."

It's not only tracks that need looking after, but embankments and drainage along railway lines. In November, a train travelling from Glasgow to London on the West Coast Main Line derailed near Carlisle after hitting a landslip, leaving four people injured.

Network Rail Engineers asses the site - view from overheadNetwork Rail
In November, a train from Glasgow to London derailed near Carlisle after hitting a landslip

An independent investigation into the cause of a train derailment will look into a raft of potential issues. The Rail Accident Investigation Branch said its preliminary examination found a drainage channel was "unable to accommodate the volume of water which was present".

Network Rail say they are aware of climate change-related hazards - and they are moving money around to cope with it. Their latest five-year business plan earmarked £2.8bn to help deal with extreme weather and climate change.

Cost savings and 'tough choices'

Amid all of this, the organisation has committed to make cost savings of £3.9bn. Bosses have been clear about the financial pressures they face.

"Like many businesses, we continue to feel the impact of inflation and rising supply chain costs," Andrew Haines, Network Rail's then-chief executive said in an update this summer.

This means "tough choices", including "prioritising assets that are located on busier parts of the network," he said.

But the regulator, the Office of Rail and Road, has warned that constrained funding forcing Network Rail to spend "less on renewals and more on life-extending repairs and maintenance" could mean "more asset failures and therefore disruption to train services in the long-term", plus potential higher costs in the future.

Of course, for millions of passengers this Christmas, their main priority will simply be getting home. People are being warned to check and plan ahead before they travel - a message as reliably present at this time of year as Christmas trees or mulled wine.

So, can railway passengers around the country expect a smoother Christmas next year?

Unlikely, argues Jake Kelly of Network Rail. A project like Hanslope Junction near Milton Keynes can be years in the planning.

With "a pipeline that is three or four years long", he says "we're already starting to finalise [plans] for next year".

Additional reporting: Florence Freeman.

Top image credit: Getty Images.

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At least 13 photos removed from justice department Epstein files website

Watch: Images, cassettes and high-profile figures - What's in the latest Epstein files?

A batch of files, which includes a photo of US President Donald Trump, were removed by the justice department because of concerns raised by victims, the deputy attorney general said on Sunday.

Todd Blanche said the photo that included Trump also showed unredacted images of women, and rejected criticisms that the removal was related to the president.

At least 13 files from the thousands made public on the justice department's website on Friday had disappeared without explanation by Saturday.

Democrats on the House Oversight Committee questioned the images' removal. In a social media post, they asked Attorney General Pam Bondi: "What else is being covered up?"

The US Department of Justice (DOJ) said in a post on X on Sunday that the image of Trump was flagged by the Southern District of New York "for potential further action to protect victims".

They added that they had temporarily removed the image for further review "out of an abundance of caution".

"After the review, it was determined there is no evidence that any Epstein victims are depicted in the photograph, and it has been reposted without any alteration or redaction," the DOJ said.

Blanche said that the suggestion that the photo was removed due to Trump was "laughable". "It has nothing to do with President Trump," he told NBC News.

"There are dozens of photos of President Trump already released to the public seeing him with Mr Epstein."

He added: "So the absurdity of us pulling down a photo, a single photo, because President Trump was in it, is laughable."

Blanche cited a judge in New York who "has ordered us to listen to any victim or victims' rights group if they have concerns" as a reason behind removing some of the previously posted files.

"There were a number of photographs that were pulled down after being released on Friday," he said.

Trump has consistently denied any wrongdoing in relation to Epstein and has not been accused of any crimes by Epstein's victims. There is no suggestion that these pictures imply any wrongdoing.

US Department of Justice An image of lots of framed photos on the desk is released as part of the latest batch of the Epstein filesUS Department of Justice
An image of framed photos was removed from the DOJ website and later reappeared

The DOJ also has been criticised for not releasing all of the files by the Friday deadline, as mandated by law.

Congressman Thomas Massie, a Kentucky Republican who led the charge to release the files, said he was frustrated with the Trump administration's response and his focus is to get justice for the victims.

He said he is drafting inherent contempt charges for Attorney General Pam Bondi.

"They are flouting the spirit and the letter of the law," he told CBS News on Sunday. "It's very troubling the posture that they have taken. I won't be satisfied until the survivors are satisfied."

The image that was included in the removed files showed a credenza desk in Epstein's home with an open drawer filled with other photos, one of which showed the president with Trump, Epstein, first lady Melania Trump and Epstein's convicted associate Ghislane Maxwell. Framed photos also can be seen on top of the credenza desk.

That image has since been restored by early Sunday, available through a link to the website. The other files had not been restored to the site as of Sunday afternoon.

Ten of the missing files include images which appear to show the same room - a small massage parlour with clouds painted on the ceiling, and brown patterned wallpaper studded with multiple nude pictures. Some appear to be photos, others are artwork.

Most of the women pictured on the wall have had their faces redacted. However, one face is redacted in one file but plainly visible in three of the others. Another face remains unredacted in all of the files while a painted image of the same person is visible.

On Saturday, Democrats on the House Oversight Committee questioned the files' removal.

They posted the missing photo of Trump on social media and asked Attorney General Pam Bondi if it was true that the image had been removed.

"What else is being covered up? We need transparency for the American public," the committee wrote.

The files' removal comes at time of increased suspicion surrounding the US government and the so-called Epstein files.

The documents released on Friday came to light as the result of an act of Congress that forced the DOJ to release them.

The DOJ said it would comply with the congressional request to release documents, with some stipulations.

It redacted personally identifiable information about Epstein's victims, materials depicting child sexual abuse, materials depicting physical abuse, any records that "would jeopardise an active federal investigation" or any classified documents that must stay secret to protect "national defence or foreign policy".

But many of the documents that were released were heavily redacted.

There was limited new information about Epstein's crimes and things like internal DOJ memos on charging decisions were not included in the files that were released.

Additional reporting by Alison Benjamin and Benedict Garman.

A memorial ends - but Bondi tragedy has left Australia reeling, again

Getty Images The image of a candle lit up on the Opera House sailsGetty Images
There's been an outpouring of support from the community - but tension remains

As helicopters circled overhead, sirens descended on her suburb, and people ran screaming down her street on 14 December, Mary felt a grim sense of deja vu.

"That was when I knew there was something seriously wrong – again," she says, her eyes brimming with tears.

Mary - who did not want to give her real name - was at the Westfield Bondi Junction shopping centre last April when six people were stabbed to death by a man in psychosis, a tragedy still fresh in the minds of many.

Findings from a coronial inquest into the incident were due to be delivered this week, but were delayed after two gunmen unleashed a hail of bullets on an event marking the start of the Jewish festival of Hanukkah eight days ago.

Declared a terror attack by police, 15 people were shot and killed, including a 10-year-old girl who still had face paint curling around her eyes.

The first paramedic to confront the bloody scenes at the Chanukah by the Sea event was also the first paramedic on the scene at the Westfield stabbings.

"You just wouldn't even fathom that something like this would happen," 31-year-old Mary, who is originally from the UK, tells the BBC. "I say constantly to my family at home how safe it is here."

This was the overarching sentiment in the days following the shooting. This kind of thing, mass murder, just doesn't happen in Australia.

But it can and it has – twice, in the same community, within 18 months.

A sea of flowers left by shocked and grieving people at Bondi is being packed up. A national day of reflection is over. On Sunday night, Jewish Australians lit candles for the last time this Hannukah.

But the two tragedies have left scores physically scarred and traumatised, and the nation's sense of safety shattered.

'Everyone knows someone affected'

EPA Photos of victims of the deadly shooting at Bondi BeachEPA
Funerals for the victims have drawn thousands of mourners this week

Bondi is Australia's most famous beach - a globally recognised symbol of its way of life.

It's also a quintessential slice of Australian community. There's a bit of "everyone knows everyone" - and that means everyone knows someone affected by the 14 December tragedy, mayor Will Nemesh told the BBC.

"One of the first people I texted was [Rabbi] Eli Schlanger. And I said, 'I hope you're OK. Call me if you need anything'," he said.

But the British-born father of five, also known as the "Bondi Rabbi", was among the dead.

The first responders, police and paramedics would have been working on members of their own community. Others had the task of having to treat the shooters who had taken aim at their colleagues.

"[Westfield Bondi Junction] was horrendous, something we're certainly not used to. And then this again was massive, catastrophic injuries," Ryan Park, health minister for New South Wales, told the BBC.

"They've seen things that are like you would see in a war zone… You don't get those images out of your head," Park added.

Mayor Nemesh fears this will forever be a stain on Bondi, and Australia.

"If this can happen here at Bondi Beach, it really could happen anywhere… the impact has reverberated around Australia."

EPA NSW Minister for Health Ryan Park places flowers at a memorial at Bondi BeachEPA
Ryan Park says healthcare workers will take time to recover from what they've seen

'Warnings ignored'

No one is feeling this more than the Jewish community, for whom Bondi has become a sanctuary.

"I swam here every day for years on end, rain or shine. And this week… I couldn't get in the water. It didn't feel right. It felt sacrilegious in some way," Zac Seidler, a local clinical psychologist, told the BBC.

Many of the victims of the attack moved here over many decades for safety from persecution, including 89-year-old Holocaust survivor Alex Kleytman. Instead, his life was bookended by violent acts of antisemitic hate.

Mr Seidler has spent the past two years trying to convince his grandparents, who are also Holocaust survivors, to hold on to their faltering belief in the good of humanity.

"[My grandmother] kept saying, 'These are the signs. I've seen this before'. And I just kept saying, 'Not in Australia, not here. You're safe', just trying to soothe her.

"But now I kind of feel like the fool."

No community is a monolith, but one thing many Jewish Australians believe is that warnings about a rise of antisemitism in the months preceding this attack were ignored.

The year started with a spate of vandalism and arson incidents on Jewish marks in the suburbs surrounding Bondi. It has ended with mass murder targeting their community.

Watch: Jewish Australians on why Bondi is a 'sanctuary' for them

There has been resistance in the face of fear - some leaders urging Jewish Australians to double down, be more publicly Jewish and display their religious symbols with pride.

One woman perusing the flowers outside the Bondi Pavilion on Sunday admits she is too scared to do that. It took her all week to even work up the courage to visit this site, which is just metres from where many of the victims died.

"I've never felt my Jewishness before. I've never experienced antisemitism in my whole life until now," MaryAnne says. "And now, I don't want to wear my Star of David."

Community, anger and sadness

The shooting triggered a massive outpouring of support from around the nation.

When the news broke, many in the community rallied to help.

Lifeguards - volunteer and paid - put their lives on the line. Restaurants opened their doors and hid people in their store rooms and freezers, and locals ushered lost children into their apartments.

Even the New South Wales opposition leader Kellie Sloane - also the local state member - was at the scene, helping pack bullet wounds.

In the days after the shooting, thousands of ordinary Australians lined up - many for hours on end - to donate blood desperately needed to treat those injured.

Each day, a carpet of petals, handwritten notes, commemorative stones and candles grew out from the gates of the Bondi Pavilion.

Bee motifs - stickers, balloons, even pavement art - are all over the suburb, in remembrance of Matilda, the terror attack's youngest victim.

Surfers and swimmers on Friday paddled out beyond Bondi's iconic breaks to honour those who died.

A day later, surf livesavers and lifeguards stood shoulder to shoulder on the beach in solidarity with the Jewish community.

But amid the platitudes, sadness and shock is calcifying into anger and tension.

Surfers and swimmers pay tribute to victims of Bondi shooting

Last year's Bondi Junction stabbings were devastating for the community - but a shared resolution united it.

Experts say the attacker, who had schizophrenia, was in psychosis at the time of the stabbings, and his family have previously said he was frustrated at being unable to find a girlfriend. The question of whether he targeted women will likely forever go unanswered. But clear failures in the mental health system have been identified.

Last month, families of the victims asked the coroner to refer the doctor who weaned him off medication with limited supervision to regulators for investigation, and they have also argued for a massive boost to mental health service funding.

But last Sunday's events raise more uncomfortable feelings and questions.

There is palpable fury at the government, over a perceived – and admitted – failure to do more to stop antisemitism. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has been booed during public appearances this week, and talking to people visiting the site of the attack in Bondi, it isn't uncommon to hear them demand his resignation.

Many people the BBC spoke to pointed to his government's decision to recognise Palestinian statehood, alongside countries including the UK and Canada, and regular protests in Australia by members of the pro-Palestinian movement, which though largely peaceful but have been peppered with antisemitic chants and placards.

The state of New South Wales - which has in recent years tightened protest rules - has already announced it will introduce more legislation cracking down on "hateful" chants and give police more powers to investigate demonstrators. The federal government has promised similar.

The blame apportioned to these protests does not sit right with many, even some sections of the Jewish community.

"We need to hold multiple truths," Mr Seidler says. "We can be afraid, we can feel that there is deep antisemitic rhetoric going on in certain circles within Australia… while also understanding that there is a right of people in this country – especially Muslim Australians – to be concerned about what is taking place in Gaza.

"We need to get better at finding that line and calling out when that line has been crossed."

Getty Bouquets and wreaths of flowers in a shopping centre with a Myer sign in the backgroundGetty
A memorial inside the Bondi Junction Westfield shopping centre where six people were stabbed to death in April last year

For others, there is anger at what they feel is the politicisation of a tragedy.

"It's a bloody photo op," one woman tells me on Sunday, as a prominent Australian businesswoman arrives and begins posing with the floral tributes outside the Bondi Pavilion.

Some - including the local federal MP Allegra Spender - worry the attack is being used to fuel anti-immigration sentiment.

"We would not have had the man who saved so many Australians if we had cut off, for instance, Muslim immigration," she said.

Mr Seidler says these arguments fail to recognise that antisemitic views - and other forms of bigotry - are formed here too.

"I heard someone say the other day that Australia thinks it's on a holiday from history, that we're somehow immune to this stuff, that it's not bred here, it's imported," Mr Seidler says.

With the anger, there is also fear: for the Jewish community of other attacks, for the Muslim community of retaliation for an act of terror they have loudly condemned.

There are questions over how Australia's security agency fumbled an alleged terrorist who at one point was on their watch list, prompting a review into federal police and intelligence agencies that was announced on Sunday.

There is frustration at NSW Police, who have for years been warned by the Muslim community of hate preachers poaching their young men.

There is animosity towards the media, driven by hurt among both Jewish and Arab Australians over a belief they and their communities have been misrepresented, and frustration at what some feel is incitement against them.

But there is also a queasiness at the treatment of traumatised victims throughout this week, some of whom were interviewed live on television while the blood of their friends still stained their hands.

Through it all, is an undercurrent of suspicion of institutions and each other.

There are varying opinions on how those rifts can heal – or even if they can. But there is a shared determination to try.

Getty Images A boy wearing a kippah and draped in an Israeli flag walks in BondiGetty Images
Many Jewish Australians are angry at the government

One UK expat who was at the beach at the time of the shooting says everyone he speaks to is adamant this will not change Bondi, or Australia.

"It's seriously unique what you have as a nation… there's a magic about it," Henry Jamieson tells the BBC.

"I'm traumatised… and I'm going to have to deal with that for the rest of my life, I know I am… even people who weren't there were traumatised.

"But I'm not gonna let it shake me and we will not let it shake this community.

"You can't let them win," he says of the alleged terrorists.

At an emotional memorial on Sunday night, seven days since the attack, the same sense of defiance was on show. It ended with the lighting of the menorah, something the crowds gathered for Hannukah last week never got to do.

The shamash, the centre candle, was lit by the father of Ahmed al Ahmed, in honour of his bravery in wrestling a gun off one of the attackers. The children of the two rabbis who were killed lit another. Others were lit by a representative of surf lifesavers and a Jewish community medic who rushed to the scene and began treating the injured before the shots had even stopped. The final candle was lit by Michael, the father of Matilda, who has been described a fountain of joy to all who knew her.

After the parade of diverse Australians had sparked flames on each arm of the menorah, Rabbi Yehoram Ulman of Bondi Chabad made a plea for more love and more unity.

"Returning to normal is not enough," he said.

"Sydney can and must become a beacon of goodness. A city where people look out for one another, where kindness is louder than hate, where decency is stronger than fear, and we can make it happen," he said, stopping for a moment as the crowd applauded.

"But only if we take the feelings we have right now and turn them into action, into continuous action."

Puppy farm ban promised by animal welfare strategy

Getty Images A close-up shot of puppies in a cage. One has its paw on the wire and is biting the cage.Getty Images
The government has vowed to end puppy farming as part of a wide-ranging animal welfare strategy

An end to puppy farming and a possible ban on the use of electric shock dog collars are promised as part of a new animal welfare strategy being launched by the government on Monday.

The strategy - which packages together new laws with legislative reforms and proposals - will also progress Labour's manifesto pledge to ban trail hunting in the countryside.

The RSPCA has welcomed the plans to outlaw puppy farming but the Countryside Alliance has condemned the ban on trail hunting as "another attack on the countryside".

Environment Secretary Emma Reynolds told the BBC there would be consultation on the trail-hunting ban, which was "sometimes used as a smokescreen" for illegal fox hunting.

Getty Images A huntsman in a red tunic is on horseback following a pack of hounds walking down a country laneGetty Images
The Countryside Alliance said a ban on trail hunting was "completely unnecessary"

Puppy farming is the term used when breeders prioritise profit over animal health and welfare, often keeping large numbers of dogs in small pens and using them to produce multiple litters a year.

Current dog breeding practices will be reformed to tackle puppy farming as part of what the government calls "the biggest animal welfare reforms in a generation".

However, the whole strategy will not be delivered until the end of 2030.

David Bowles, head of public affairs at the RSPCA, said the animal welfare charity was "delighted" at the strategy and added that the plans to ban puppy farming "could be a real game-changer".

"Puppy farming is one of the most insidious problems that the RSPCA faces.

"The government will need to write the legislation on that in this coming year and the RSPCA will work with them to make sure that there are no loopholes," he said.

The government is also looking to ban the use of snare traps in the countryside and on Sunday confirmed it is to carry out a consultation on the proposed ban on trail hunting in the New Year.

Trail hunting involves using a rag with a natural scent on to lay a trail ahead of a hunt, which is then followed by the hounds but live animal scents could be picked up by the pack instead.

The secretary of state told the BBC that while Labour had previously banned fox hunting in 2004 "we have seen that people are trying to get around that ban by using trail hunting in some cases".

"Obviously that's also a problem of enforcement, it's not just the legislation, but we are determined to go further, which is why banning trail hunting is in the animal welfare strategy," she said.

"We know sometimes it is used as a smokescreen for fox hunting."

'Divisive issue'

But Tim Bonner, chief executive of the Countryside Alliance, said it was "unbelievable" that the government would be spending more parliamentary time on hunting.

He said: "Revisiting this pointless and divisive issue is completely unnecessary.

"People across the countryside will be shocked that after Labour's attack on family farms and its neglect of rural communities it thinks banning trail hunting and snares used for fox control are a political priority."

Conservative chairman Kevin Hollinrake called the ban an "attack on rural Britain and British culture", accusing the government of "punishing the law-abiding majority who support legal trail hunting".

The government is also looking at ending the use of "confinement systems" in farming including caged hens and pig farrowing crates, which are used to contain sows during birth and nursing.

The use of slow-growing chickens will be promoted over the use of controversial so-called "Frankenchickens", a term used by animal welfare campaigners to describe fast-growing breeds.

Anthony Field, head of Compassion in World Farming UK, said the government was "raising the bar for farmed animal welfare".

The National Pig Association said it would be "following the next steps closely" on farrowing crates and was itself looking towards more flexible systems.

The British Poultry Council have been approached by the BBC for comment.

Epidural kit shortage could last until March, regulator says

AFP via Getty Images Baby in neonatal ICU incubator, with only an arm visible. A nurse with a face mask, gloves and glasses, has her hand curled around the babyAFP via Getty Images

A shortage of epidural kits in the UK is expected to last until at least March, the government's medicines regulator has warned.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) told healthcare providers in a patient safety alert earlier this month that the shortage followed manufacturing issues concerning epidural bags.

Hospitals are being sent substitutes bags for the pain relief drug given to women in labour, while the Royal College of Anaesthetists is working with the NHS to advise hospitals on how to manage the situation.

Medical staff have expressed concern about these plans, the BBC understands, though the NHS said women "should come forward for care as usual".

The shortage arose after a major supplier stopped making epidural infusion bags, it is understood.

The MHRA alert on 2 December said there was a "range of alternative" bags available during the "affected period", which will require a "trust-wide approach to ensure safe implementation".

Hospitals are being sent substitutes - but these have higher drug doses and so need very careful managing.

All trusts have been asked to create teams that ensure mother-and-baby safety.

But hospital staff, pharmacists and anaesthetists - who administer epidurals to women during labour - have expressed concerns over the plans.

The head of the Birth Trauma Association, Dr Kim Thomas, argued that "there hasn't been enough communication" on how to put together these teams.

"Leaving trusts to manage a situation like this is very unfair, because you're going to get different responses in different trusts," she explained.

"It's going to mean added stress and added work for staff who are already overworked particularly at this time of year."

An NHS spokesperson said: "The safety of women in the care of NHS maternity services remains a top priority."

They added: "There are a range of alternatives available and trusts are also sharing supplies with other nearby trusts where appropriate."

Additional reporting by Hafsa Khalil

University threatened with legal action after protest at academic's talk

Branwen Jeffreys / BBC Alice Sullivan sits in a room looking at the camera. She has short platinum blonde hair, glasses and bright lipstick. She's wearing an emerald green jumper. Branwen Jeffreys / BBC
Prof Alice Sullivan is at the centre of a free speech row with the University of Bristol

A leading academic, who led a recent government review into sex and gender data collection has threatened legal action against the University of Bristol, claiming it failed to protect her freedom of speech.

Prof Alice Sullivan has also written to the university regulator, the Office for Students, after a talk she gave at the university was disrupted by a trans rights protest.

Universities have a legal duty to uphold the right to free speech, while balancing that with the right to protest by those who object.

The University of Bristol rejected her claims and said the talk went ahead safely - despite "unacceptable disruption" - in line with its "strong commitment to upholding free speech".

Universities have a longstanding legal duty to protect the rights of staff, students and visiting speakers to express views which others might find offensive.

That has come into sharper focus with a new freedom of speech law in higher education, which came into force in August in England.

The University of Bristol said every action it had taken was in support of free speech.

Prof Sullivan's review for the government, published in March, recommended that data on biological sex and gender identity should be recorded as distinct categories.

She said she was first invited to speak about her work by an academic at the University of Bristol in July 2024, and agreed to an event that autumn.

In a new letter to the university, which warns she is willing to bring a legal challenge, Prof Sullivan said the university had first suggested the event was held online rather than in person.

When asked by the BBC why she had rejected that offer, Prof Sullivan said she did not realise what the scale of potential protests would be, but accepted that some people might have strongly opposing views on gender identity and had the right to express them.

"Everyone has a right to peaceful protest, but that must never amount to a heckler's veto, which means shutting down other people's right to speak," she said.

"This isn't just about my rights as a visiting speaker, this is about the rights of the university community to hold discussions and to have people come and listen."

After further delay, the event was scheduled for 22 October 2025.

As Prof Sullivan arrived, some attendees filmed the protest on their phones at the front of the building.

Videos - seen and verified by the BBC - show some of the protesters making rude gestures as others held signs.

Prof Sullivan told the BBC it was like a "zombie apocalypse" as some protesters pressed up against the window with placards and loudhailers.

Anonymous An image taken from inside the event shows large paneled windows with a number of placards held up outside, One reads 'Trans Lives Matter'.Anonymous
Prof Sullivan said the protest could be seen from inside the venue

The fire alarm was set off more than once, disrupting the talk, until security staff advised they move to a higher floor.

As she left after the event, Prof Sullivan said she heard "howls of 'shame on you, shame on you'".

The police told the BBC they had attended the event and said no arrests had been made.

The letter that has now been sent by Prof Sullivan's lawyers says the University of Bristol had 15 months to find a secure location on campus for the talk.

It adds that documents disclosed by the university reveal there had been complaints made by its LGBTQ+ staff network against her speaking.

Prof Sullivan says she has raised many of her concerns with the Office for Students, which as regulator of universities in England has the power to fine institutions if they fail to uphold freedom of speech.

Earlier this year, the OfS handed out a record fine of £585,000 to the University of Sussex, warning that its transgender and non-binary inclusion policy had a "chilling effect" on freedom of speech.

Kathleen Stock had previously left her job as professor of philosophy at Sussex following protests against her gender-critical views, which generally say that a person's sex cannot be changed and takes precedence over their gender identity.

Following the Sussex fine, the University of Bristol withdrew a similar policy which said all staff were responsible for removing "transphobic and anti-trans material" from campus.

In August, a new freedom of speech law came into force, strengthening the legal obligations on universities to uphold freedom of speech.

The government has not yet brought in the complaints process promised as part of the stronger powers.

Prof Sullivan has told Arif Ahmed, the OfS's director of free speech, she is concerned that "gender ideology" led to Bristol's "actions to obstruct and frustrate my talk".

She told the BBC that senior managers at the university "could have apologised, and they could have said we intend to do better in future".

"That is what I want from them," she said.

A University of Bristol spokesperson said the talk went ahead safely and in line with its "strong commitment to upholding free speech".

"Although protesters caused unacceptable disruption, appropriate measures were in place to enable the event to continue and to protect the speaker and attendees," they said.

The university added that the vice-chancellor had subsequently met with Prof Sullivan.

"We refute claims that we failed to protect her freedom of speech; every action we took was in support of this and the restrictions she outlines were all necessary for public safety," the spokesperson said.

"Our stance is clear - free speech must be lawful. There is no protection within the law for abusive speech that incites violence, harassment or discrimination.

"Clearly the intimidating behaviour of protesters was not peaceful and we have condemned their unacceptable behaviour.

"We will take disciplinary action if anyone from the university community is identified as being involved."

King's Foundation chair and nominee peer admits 'misleading' doctorate claim

Getty Images Dame Ann Limb, who wears a navy broad-rimmed hat with a white feather, has a blonde bob and wears a navy long-sleeved top with a pearl necklace, holds up her medal and smiles in a photo Getty Images
Dame Ann Limb after being appointed a dame at Buckingham Palace in 2023

The chair of the King's Foundation Dame Ann Limb has admitted being "misleading" about her doctorate qualification.

The education specialist, who was recently nominated for a life peerage by Labour, told the Sunday Times that she had not completed a PhD at the University of Liverpool, despite this appearing on her since-amended CV.

"To be completely upfront and honest about it, I never completed my PhD at Liverpool University," she told the newspaper, adding that she used the Doctor title because she had been conferred with honorary PhDs by other institutions.

The BBC has contacted Dame Ann for comment. The King's Foundation declined to comment.

Dame Ann was among nominees to the House of Lords announced by Downing Street earlier in December, having held a number of senior public and private roles.

The King's Foundation - which offers courses in practical skills to young people - announced last week that she would be stepping down from her role as chair, which she had held since January, to become a peer.

An old version of her online CV, seen by the BBC, refers to her with the "Dr" honorific and lists a PhD from the University of Liverpool in 1978 as among her qualifications.

She was referred to as Dr Ann Limb by the City & Guilds Foundation, which she also chairs, in 2020, and in the Queen's Birthday Honours list announcing her damehood in 2022.

However, a new version of her CV - made in July 2024 - omits the Dr honorific and the supposed 1978 PhD, stating that she received honorary PhDs from Anglia Ruskin University and the University of Northampton.

Her website still says that she began her teaching career in further education "whilst undertaking a PhD at the University of Liverpool".

She told the Sunday Times: "I have used the word 'Doctor'... because I have got several honorary PhDs and that's been clear to me that they're honorary.

"Perhaps my own website is not very helpful, I don't pay a lot of attention to it, but if there's anything misleading... on that I'm very happy to correct [it]."

The newspaper also reported she claimed to have gained an MA from the Institute of Linguistics, which she also admitted was untrue.

Recipients of honorary doctorates tend not to use the Dr honorific despite technically being able to out of deference to those who have undertaken the academic work to receive a PhD.

When approached for comment, a No 10 spokesperson directed the BBC to a document listing the reasons why Dame Ann had been nominated for a peerage.

That document notes she has been the chair or non-executive director of several public, private and charity bodies.

Dame Ann grew up in Moss Side in Manchester and is currently the pro-chancellor of the University of Surrey and chair of institutions including the Lloyds Bank Foundation.

She was made a dame for services to young people and philanthropy, having spent much of her career in higher education.

Police watchdog may investigate force over Maccabi fan ban

Christopher Furlong/Getty Images An Israeli flag held by pro-Israeli supporters outside Villa Park ahead of the game on 6 November 2025. It is night and police are escorting themChristopher Furlong/Getty Images

The police watchdog says it may investigate West Midlands Police over its handling of the decision to ban Maccabi Tel Aviv fans from attending an Aston Villa game.

The Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) told the BBC it can exercise its power to investigate "if evidence available to us appears to warrant" it, but that it needed to assess that evidence "before determining our next steps".

Its director Rachel Watson is quoted by the Sunday Times as saying she was willing to use the watchdog's "power of initiative" given the "sensitivities" of the case.

Maccabi fans were prohibited from attending a 6 November match in Birmingham based on reports of hooliganism at other away games they attended.

However, the government's adviser on antisemitism has since said that some of the intelligence the force used to come to the decision was "inaccurate".

Lord Mann told the Home Affairs Committee earlier this month that some facts about the earlier matches had been changed to fit the decision.

West Midlands Police also faced criticism over two of its high-ranking officers appearing to reiterate some of these inaccuracies before the committee.

The IOPC tends to investigate cases that have been referred to it by individual police forces - usually when someone has died due to police action, or if a police officer is accused of a criminal offence.

As such, instigating its own investigation without a referral is relatively rare.

The IOPC is not yet investigating the force's decision, but a spokesperson said on Sunday: "It is right for public confidence and police accountability that the force's involvement in the decision-making process is examined."

They noted HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services was examining the risk assessment West Midlands Police carried out before the fixture and the extent to which the intelligence it gathered "reflected the full information and intelligence picture".

They added that the Home Affairs Committee has asked the force for "additional evidence" relating to Chief Constable Craig Guildford and Assistant Chief Constable Mike O'Hara's committee appearance earlier this month.

"It is important for us to assess evidence related to these processes before determining our next steps."

The IOPC spokesperson said it had written to West Midlands Police and the region's police and crime commissioner to "seek assurances over what assessments they have made of any conduct".

They said this was important "to understand why a formal referral has not been made".

MPs previously heard that the ban was based on information given to the force by Dutch police commanders concerning violence that broke out in Amsterdam last year during a Europa League match between Ajax and Maccabi.

Following this, Dutch courts said evidence showed fans of the Israeli club faced violence, and also pointed out that the club's supporters pulled down Palestinian flags, vandalised taxis and chanted racist slogans against Arabs.

Despite West Midlands Police saying the decision "wasn't taken lightly", senior MPs, including Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, said it amounted to antisemitism.

Lord Mann told the Home Affairs Committee that there were several inaccuracies in West Midlands Police's intelligence report.

He said it cited Maccabi fans "pulling down Palestinian flags" on match day in the Netherlands, when the incident occurred the night before. It also referred to a match between Maccabi and West Ham which never happened.

The force also had to apologise over ACC O'Hara's repeated affirmation to the committee that representatives of the Jewish community had said they did not want Maccabi fans at the match, when they had said no such thing.

This week, Maccabi Tel Aviv was fined €20,000 (£17,550) for "racist and/or discriminatory behaviour" by supporters during their game at Stuttgart in Germany on 11 December.

Fans were also given a suspended one away match ban.

Singing at school shouldn't just be for Christmas, teachers say

Dan Nelson / BBC Students at Mersey Drive Community Primary School sing in their school hall. It's a close-up shot of three singing primary age children, two boys centre and right, and one girl on the left, all in red school uniform tops. More children stand behind them in rows in the choir. Dan Nelson / BBC

Many children find themselves singing at school in the run up to Christmas - at a nativity play or carol concert, often with parents watching proudly on.

But new data suggests singing is a much less common occurrence throughout the rest of the school year, especially after pupils leave primary school.

Now, an association of music teachers says every school should have a choir, to help pupils embrace music after a years-long decline in its popularity as a GCSE subject.

The government says it is investing in high quality music teaching and that a "renewed curriculum" will encourage more people to study it.

In a recent survey, Teacher Tapp asked just under 10,000 teachers in England how often their whole school sang together in assembly.

Over half of state secondary school teachers (57%) said their pupils never sang together in assembly, while just 13% of private secondary school teachers and only 4% of primary teachers said the same.

Teachers were separately asked whether their schools had a choir. Just over a third (36%) of teachers at state secondaries reported having no choir at their school, compared to just 8% of private school secondary teachers.

Having access to multiple school choirs was much more common at private schools, with three quarters (77%) of private secondary teachers saying their school had more than one choir, compared to 27% of state secondary teachers.

Jackie Bowen, head teacher at The East Manchester Academy, says secondary school pupils can feel "embarrassed - or that maybe it's not cool to sing like it was in primary school".

But she says singing and music are priorities at the school.

Dan Nelson / BBC A woman with blue eyes and shoulder length blonde hair is smiling at the camera. She's wearing a staff lanyard and a black jacket. She's standing in the middle of a school office. Dan Nelson / BBC
Jackie Bowen says music is part of the fabric of school life for her pupils

"We know the intrinsic value of music, but also what it does for students' development, mental health, its impact on academic achievements," she says.

"So we've run lots of initiatives to try and break down barriers to music."

The school offers a music hub at the school once a week, offering pupils time with specialist teachers from the Royal Northern College of Music.

At lesson changeover, students hear classical music instead of the traditional bell.

The school has also established its first gospel choir.

Year 11 student Mercy, who's part of the choir, says she always wanted to continue singing at secondary school.

"In primary they say you have to sing, but when you come to secondary it's a choice, so most people don't do it," she says.

"I feel like we should all release our voices to the world. Whether you're good or not, just sing."

Kate McGough / BBC A teenage girl with long red hair is smiling at the camera. She's wearing a blue school tie, white shirt and blue jacket and sitting on a school stage. Kate McGough / BBC
Mercy is part of her school's gospel choir and says she enjoys singing

There has been a 25% drop in pupils studying GCSE music at schools in England over the last fifteen years, despite an uptick in the most recent stats.

That is partly down to the introduction of a progress measure for schools called the English Baccalaureate in 2010, which assessed schools based on how many pupils took English, maths, sciences, geography or history and a language - and how well they performed.

The government recently announced that it would be changing the school curriculum in England to make it easier for more schools to offer arts subjects like music.

There has been some improvement in recruiting new music teachers this year, but the levels still fall 35% short of government's target for trainee music teachers in the most recent stats.

James Manwaring, president of the Music Teachers Association - which represents music teachers across both state and private schools - says every school should have a choir.

"All you need is a room and you need someone to lead it and you need students," says James, who is also the director of music at Windsor Learning Partnership - a multi-academy trust of six state schools.

"It's a shame to think some state schools aren't capitalising on that."

He says changes to the school curriculum in England are "very exciting" for boosting music in schools, but says more funding and resources will be needed - "as well as retaining the wonderful music teachers we have out there".

Dan Nelson / BBC A male music teacher sits at a piano in a school hall, surrounded by 12 Year 11 pupils in a circle around him. The pupils are singing. Dan Nelson / BBC
Music teacher Rob Hatton set up the gospel choir for students at The East Manchester Academy

A Department for Education spokesperson said the government was committed to ensuring art, music and drama "are no longer the preserve of a privileged few".

Ministers are "investing millions" to help schools invest in musical instruments and equipment, and "supporting high quality music teaching through our Music Hubs", they said.

"Our renewed curriculum will also give every young person the skills, knowledge and experiences needed to achieve and thrive, including encouraging more people to study music and other creative subjects."

White Christmas unlikely for most in UK but a few flakes of snow are possible

Widespread white Christmas unlikely but parts of the UK still have a chance

A photo of a snow covered landscape in Scotland
Image source, BBC Weather Watcher / Georgie
Image caption,

Parts of Scotland enjoyed the most recent white Christmas in 2023

Are you dreaming of a white Christmas? With the big day a week away, it is possible that some of us might have some festive snow - but only just.

After a couple of weeks of milder conditions it's about to turn noticeably colder. Temperatures for many parts of the UK may be a degree or two below the average for this time of year, hitting the 6-9C mark.

The drop will be a result of an influx of cold air from eastern Europe.

And if there are some small changes to that, there is a slight chance that even colder air from Scandinavia might come this way, and the possibility that any showers falling in eastern areas might turn to sleet or even snow.

Why is is going to feel so cold?

The change in fortunes is down to a high pressure system which is going to build close to the north of the UK and a low pressure one forming around France or Spain.

Although they will not be directly over the UK, the precise position of the centres of these highs and lows will determine the direction of the wind. In turn, that will influence how cold the air will be and therefore the chances of snow falling.

A weather map of the expected pressure pattern on Christmas Day
Image caption,

A change in wind direction will bring colder weather just in time for Christmas

As well as becoming much colder generally in time for Christmas it will probably be quite cloudy with showers developing over the North Sea and affecting eastern areas.

The best of any sunshine would be in the north and west but there will be also be a risk of some morning frost and fog.

Could it be a white Christmas?

Currently the forecast is for east-southeasterly winds but there is a very small chance that we get east-northeasterlies instead.

This small change in wind direction could then pull in much colder air from Scandinavia resulting in showers over eastern areas that could turn to sleet or snow in places.

Although a white Christmas is still unlikely for most of us, it can't completely be ruled out just yet.

Either way, very wet weather is off the Christmas menu this year. This spell of quieter spell of weather will be very much welcomed in areas which have recently seen heavy rain such as Cumbria and south Wales.

Our experience of Christmas past should tell us that it's rare to see snow actually fall on Christmas day - and getting rarer.

Fussy eaters and TV remote hogs: How to avoid family rows over Christmas

Getty Images Two sisters with their arms folded, looking cross, at Christmas while wearing father Christmas hatsGetty Images

Christmas is billed as the most wonderful time of the year - but the day itself could have all the ingredients needed for a family row.

There's a reason you haven't seen some of these people all year - you just know someone is going to criticise your cooking, there will be a heated debate over dinner and a tussle over the TV remote.

We spoke to psychologists and parenting experts for their top tips on how to keep the Christmas spirit and avoid a family fallout.

1. Give up on the perfect Christmas

Getty Images A chaotic living room with its Christmas tree knocked over as a potentially guilty dog looks onGetty Images

Begin by refusing to chase the idealised movie version of Christmas, says psychotherapist and author Philippa Perry.

"We need to lower the expectations of what Christmas gives us, and then we won't be so disappointed in it," she told CBeebies' Parenting Helpline podcast.

Unspoken rules like "we must see everybody" only add to the stress, as does social media pressure over what the picture-perfect Christmas Day should look like.

Natalie Costa, a parenting coach, former teacher and host of the Connected podcast, encourages people to remember that nobody's life looks the way it does online. "Behind all the happy family pictures are children - and adults - who've had big meltdowns," she says.

This reality check can help reduce guilt over not measuring up.

Instead of trying to compete with others, she suggests approaching Christmas with the attitude of: "What does my good-enough look like?"

2. Don't compete on gifting

Getty Images Children fight over gifts while their mother sits and tries to solve arguments in the Christmas spiritGetty Images

Exchanging presents is a huge part of Christmas. If there are young kids in the house, giddy early wake-up calls are a given.

But sometimes gift-giving can feel competitive, especially among extended family where budgets can differ, says Prof Perry.

The best way to handle this isn't to try to compete or police kids' relationships with adults, but reframe the situation.

She encourages parents to "let go" if grandparents, aunties and uncles choose to spoil young ones.

Costa adds that this can later become a useful way to discuss values with children - emphasising that bigger presents don't reflect love.

"You cannot buy love," Prof Perry says. "What children like is your attention and being played with. That is better than any gift."

3. Prepare for awkward comments

Getty Images Relatives argue over Christmas dinnerGetty Images

Complicated family dynamics don't disappear just because it's Christmas and festive classics are playing.

One minute you're merrily drinking mulled wine, the next being asked why you're not happily married or whether you are planning children.

Any resentments, tensions and difference in values will remain with the added pressure of fulfilling a fantasy image of happy families.

Passive aggressive comments often come from someone else's stress and insecurity, says psychotherapist Sarah Turner. This doesn't excuse the behaviour, but can make it feel less personal.

When we feel stung our instinct is to defend or withdraw, but Turner advises pausing first. "You have the power to choose how to respond."

Another tip is to ask for clarification. Often loved ones will reframe what they said rather than repeat it - as they are likely to know it's a loaded comment.

If there's a "kernel of truth" in what they say, then acknowledging this can help "emotions de-escalate because they feel heard," Turner adds.

This doesn't mean you agree or give in - it's simply letting that person know you understand where they're coming from. In the heat of family dynamics, this can make all the difference.

3. Make it clear who's in charge

Getty Images Mother scolds her adult daughter while staying at ChristmasGetty Images

Children are naturally excited on Christmas day - but that burst of energy often means big exhausted emotions later on, tantrums and tears included.

To prevent other family members stepping in to try and manage this, Costa suggests having a simple conversation beforehand to establish the rules.

She advises something like: "I know it [how we parent] may be different to what you did… What helps us most is keeping things consistent, so if anything comes up, leave it with us."

Have a few simple non-negotiables, such as screen-time limits and any essential safety boundaries.

Some families also find it useful to have something light-hearted to ease the pressure, explains Costa. One used the codeword "smelly bananas" to signal things were getting too much.

Whoever's home you'll be visiting, managing expectations is crucial. Let children know who will be there, what the day will look like, and what they can do if they start to feel overloaded.

4. Don't comment on food choices

Getty Images A child bargains with her mother over Christmas dinner as family look onGetty Images

Christmas dinner often includes foods such as brussel sprouts, red cabbage and turkey which we rarely eat the rest of the year.

Some adults and many children simply don't enjoy these foods.

What we call "fussiness" with a disapproving tone, is often anxiety and sensitivity, says consultant counselling psychologist Dr Ritika Suk Birah. The key to an enjoyable meal is to remove the emotional charge.

Offer a few predictable options, normalise different preferences, and don't turn food into a moral issue.

"For adults, autonomy is essential, provide alternatives without commentary," she says.

For children, who may be facing things like sprouts for the first time - a "safe plate" alongside festive foods works well, something familiar that grounds them so they can explore new foods at their own pace.

Agree a TV plan beforehand

Getty Images A family watching TV togetherGetty Images

TV can be central to Christmas family time, often when stuffed full of food and slightly sozzled.

But disagreements over what to watch are common.

Older relatives often want shared traditions; younger people want autonomy and novelty, especially in the YouTube age.

The best approach is to decide the viewing plan before emotions are high, says Dr Birah. Agree on a simple rotation: one shared programme, one independent choice and a set period where screens are put away.

If the idea of watching "old people TV" is causing trouble with your teens, acknowledge their perspective, says Costa.

Something like: "I get it. YouTube is exciting and fun, and you really enjoy it."

Then explain what else is happening: "Right now we are spending time together as a family. This part matters too."

Booze, beach, beaten – how England lost the Ashes

Sport Insight

Booze, beach, beaten – how England lost the Ashes

Ben Stokes looks glumImage source, PA Media

It's been a shocker, hasn't it?

England's latest humiliation down under will be remembered as their worst in recent times not only for its rapid nature, but also because this was supposed to be an opportunity to regain the Ashes from a weakened Australia.

This is how England gave themselves no chance, from selection and preparation, to booze and the beach in Noosa.

Seeds sown long ago

Mark Wood looks frustratedImage source, Getty Images
Image caption,

Mark Wood's Ashes series lasted just 11 overs before he flew back to the UK

Hindsight makes experts of us all, but the failings of this tour began long ago.

It was a missed opportunity not to trial a genuine opener when Zak Crawley got injured in the summer of 2024, instead asking Dan Lawrence to do a job for which he is not suited. Lawrence has not been seen since.

If Jordan Cox's broken thumb in New Zealand 12 months ago was unfortunate – Cox could have been a badly needed reserve keeper in Australia – then the decision to send Mark Wood to the Champions Trophy proved immeasurably costly.

England so badly wanted pace on this tour, then managed to injure their fastest bowler in a tournament they were never going to win.

Assistant coach Paul Collingwood disappeared at the beginning of the home summer and has not been replaced, and there was no clarity on the identity of England's fast-bowling coach for this tour right up to the last minute.

Chris Woakes' dislocated shoulder effectively ruled him out of the Ashes, but there were still two other players in England's squad for the last Test against India that did not make it to Australia: Jamie Overton and Liam Dawson.

Overton took a break from red-ball cricket after using up a spot at The Oval which could have gone to Matthew Potts, Matthew Fisher or Sam Cook. Dawson - or any other frontline spinner – would have been pragmatic cover in Australia for Shoaib Bashir, whose form was an accident waiting to happen.

Even the announcement of the Ashes squad was an anticlimactic foreshadowing of things to come.

Whereas the British & Irish Lions unveiled their Australian tour squad in front of 2,000 fans at the O2 in London, England hustled out their team on a press release with no notice a couple of hours after the death of legendary umpire Dickie Bird was announced.

When it came, the 12-month hokey-cokey over Ollie Pope's place continued as he was replaced as vice-captain, adding further fuel to a Jacob Bethell debate that is still to be settled.

Director of cricket Rob Key did not speak to explain the squad until a full 24 hours later, at which point he ended Woakes' international career, taking the moment away from the man himself.

Fail to prepare, prepare to fail

Joe Root signs an autograph on the boundaryImage source, Getty Images
Image caption,

England's warm-up against their own Lions team in Lilac Hill was a world away from what they encountered in the first Test at Perth Stadium

For all the criticism of England's pre-series plans in Australia, the immovable obstacle to more warm-up matches was a white-ball tour of New Zealand that had been in the diary for years.

Despite England and Wales Cricket Board chairman Richard Thompson claiming the series against the Black Caps was strong Ashes preparation, England lost three of four completed matches, effectively played at the end of the New Zealand winter.

England ultimately got the Ashes warm-up they wanted – an intra-squad match against the England Lions. However, there is evidence of buyer's remorse through their opening of negotiations with Cricket Australia over an agreement to guarantee better preparation on future Ashes tours.

If there was an offer of a match against a state team or Australia A, it was too close to the tour of New Zealand for England to make it work. England insist they asked for time at the Waca, only to be told the ground was not available. When England made the request is not clear. The Barmy Army managed to book a game there.

The Lilac Hill conditions for the warm-up match were slow and low, far removed from the pace and bounce of Perth Stadium.

The overall attitude was laid back. England team analyst Rupert Lewis donned whites to run the drinks and music played from the dressing rooms throughout the three days. Harry Brook's shots demonstrated his disdain for the exercise.

As the Lions players not involved were sent on laps of the park as part of a tough fitness programme, Bashir's bowling was hammered by his own team-mates and Wood had to go for a scan on his hamstring eight overs into his comeback.

A hint of farce came when the scorecard malfunctioned, showing Wood to be batting despite being in hospital at the time.

Perhaps the most memorable moment of the Lilac Hill week came before a ball was bowled, when captain Ben Stokes described critics of England's plans as "has-beens". It was a slip of the tongue, but one that could have been corrected immediately.

Two down in six days

Ben Stokes looks glumImage source, Getty Images
Image caption,

Ben Stokes said his dressing room was "no place for weak men" after the second Test defeat in Brisbane

England dealt well with the build-up to the first Test. Josh Tongue and Jamie Smith swatted away questions about golf, stumpings and moral victories.

Dominant at lunch on day two in Perth, England lost before stumps on the same day.

Stokes said he was shell-shocked in some tetchy post-match media interactions, comments that were used against the captain as England lost the PR battle in the days after the Test.

England were followed by photographers to golf courses and even an aquarium, while housing the squad in a hotel attached to a casino was probably a mistake. Some of the group developed a penchant for an Australian brand of takeaway frozen yoghurt.

The decision not to send more players to the Lions' day-night game against a Prime Minister's XI in Canberra was put down to the difference in conditions between the capital and Brisbane.

However, a week's worth of radio silence did not help the tourists. Former Australia pace bowler Mitchell Johnson accused them of being "arrogant".

England instead opted for five days of training in Brisbane, a workload that head coach Brendon McCullum would later claim left his team "overprepared" for the second Test.

When Stokes finally broke the media blackout, he clarified the "has-beens" comment and responded to Johnson by saying England could be called "rubbish", rather than arrogant.

As the build-up to the Test continued, Stokes and Pope had to respond to pictures of the captain, Wood and Smith riding escooters without helmets – an offence punishable by a fine under Queensland law.

On the field, Root's long-awaited first hundred in Australia was rendered useless by some awful shots by his team-mates and England missed five catches.

Following yet another defeat at the Gabba, Stokes said his dressing room is "no place for weak men" – words that could come back later in the tour.

On the beach

Ben Stokes with MixFM radio hosts Archie and BretzImage source, MixFM
Image caption,

Ben Stokes poses with Archie and Bretz, presenters on Sunshine Coast radio station MixFM

England said their four nights in the beach resort of Noosa had been scheduled for more than a year, which possibly leaves it as one of the best-planned parts of the tour.

Some used it in the spirit it was intended. Root, for example, had accommodation with his family away from the main drag and was never spotted near a bar. It was curious that more family members were not present for what was billed as a break from the Ashes.

For others, it was a glorified stag do. Some members of the team followed two days of drinking in Brisbane with four more in Noosa – six in total, as many days as there had been of Test cricket at this point in the tour.

The England party was hardly inconspicuous, drinking by the side of the road, with plenty wearing traditional Akubra hats that became the uniform of the holiday.

There was a three-line whip issued to attend a kick-about on the beach, where England were sledged by local radio DJs and mingled with other holidaymakers.

Stokes was seen out running, while on another occasion strength and conditioning coach Pete Sim invited the entire group for a run along the coast at 07:45am. Smith, Bashir and Tongue were the only players to turn out.

At the end of the trip, a member of the England security staff was accused of a physical confrontation with a cameraman from TV network Seven following a back-and-forth in Brisbane airport.

Despite the gags and attention from Australian media about their time on the beach, England probably put in their best performance of a bad bunch in the Test after their jollies in Noosa.

All over in Adelaide

The scene at Adelaide Oval after Australia completed victoryImage source, Getty Images
Image caption,

This is the fourth successive Ashes tour in which England have lost the first three Tests

By the third Test, England's messaging had become mixed. Stokes talked of "enjoying the pressure", despite actively looking to remove pressure from his team over the previous three years.

Brook said England had not spoken about cricket in Noosa, whereas Stokes admitted there had been "raw" conversations. Crawley would later claim not to know about the "weak men" comments.

Perhaps aware fielding had let them down, England engaged in some rare fielding drills.

At an Adelaide ground renowned for helping spinners, England left out Bashir, a decision explained by the need for Will Jacks' batting at number eight. Assistant coach Jeetan Patel insisted Bashir had not become "unselectable".

After putting so much emphasis on high pace, England were left with part-time spinner Jacks bowling more overs than anyone else in the match.

Outwardly, England remained relaxed. McCullum's walk to the Adelaide Oval twice passed through BBC Radio 5 live shows being broadcast from outside the team hotel. Patel left a news conference with the words: "Enjoy your evening. Have a pint, because I will be."

England showed some overdue fight and even took the Test into the final day, but the Ashes were lost in 11 days of cricket. It doesn't feel like the squad will fall apart, even if 5-0 seems inevitable.

'You're on standby for Lockerbie' - volunteers recall their role after Pan Am bombing

BBC An up-to-date image of the four friends, Ross, Tom, Anne and William. A field and a farm are behind the row of four and the sun is shining. BBC
Ross, Tom, Anne and William all revisited Lockerbie earlier in the year to pay their respects

When Anne and Ross Campbell were watching the news on the night of 21 December 1988, they already had "go-bags" ready.

The Ayrshire-based couple were part of the Radio Amateurs' Emergency Network (Raynet), a UK-wide radio communications service.

Staffed by volunteers, it was formed in the aftermath of the North Sea flood in 1953 with a simple aim: during major events and emergencies, licensed Raynet operators would step in to provide essential radio communications.

When news broke that an aircraft had crashed in a small Dumfries and Galloway town, Anne and Ross got the call from their local controller: "You're on standby for Lockerbie."

Ross and Anne Campbell sit on their sofa, a cream wall, a display cabinet and a radiator behind them. Ross has thinning hair, a long bears and glasses and Anne has bobbed blonde/grey hair and glasses and wears a bright lemon T-shirt.
Ross and Anne Campbell were part of the Radio Amateurs' Emergency Network (Raynet)

At the time of the disaster, Anne and Ross, along with friends Tom Stewart and William Jamieson were all keen radio enthusiasts in their 20s and 30s.

And they were all members of Ayrshire's Raynet chapter.

"You worked away, doing exercises for the council and road races, but you always had in the back of your mind, there could come a general emergency," said Ross.

He had been involved in the group for a couple of years at the time but added: "You never imagined something like Lockerbie."

Pan Am 103 was flying from Heathrow to New York when a bomb exploded in the skies above the town, killing all 259 passengers and crew on board – as well as 11 people on the ground.

It remains the biggest terror attack to have taken place on British soil.

Raynet An old snap of Anne and Ross in their youth, both with dark hair and smiling. They wear yellow high visibility Raynet jackets. It's a blurry old image with a very dark background.Raynet
Anne and Ross were both involved in the rescue effort

As part of the search and rescue efforts, hundreds of volunteers arrived at the scene to help – including many from Raynet.

Their expertise – and equipment – was desperately needed.

Ross said: "Strathclyde Police radios had their own frequency.

"Dumfries and Galloway Police had a separate one.

"Every police service had their own, as did ambulance services, so they couldn't communicate with one another."

Each search party at Lockerbie was teamed with a Raynet operator who would send messages back to Lockerbie Academy, the disaster control room.

They accompanied search and rescue dogs, air accident investigation units, the FBI, and the police.

Volunteer Tom, who had been in the fire service for 10 years, made the call to Anne, Ross and William to tell them to report to the scene the following morning.

Raynet An old eighties image of the Ayrshire Raynet volunteers, standing in front of their mobile office - a caravan with the Raynet logo on the side. It appears to have been taken at some kind of public event.Raynet
The young Ayrshire Raynet volunteers were called up to help with the Lockerbie recovery operation

Anne and Ross were both stationed at Tundergarth, in the field where the plane's nose cone lay.

"I still remember the press, with huge lenses, leaning over the fence, trying to get pictures of them bringing the bodies out," said Anne.

"That horrified me, I just thought these people deserve a wee bit of respect."

While Tom was used to scenes of emergency from his time in the fire service, nothing could have prepared him for what he saw.

"The devastation, it was horrendous," he said.

"For other members of the group that didn't have that background, it was harder."

Tom's main role was with search and rescue dog teams, which had been tasked with searching for bodies and collecting debris and evidence from the crash.

"I can still remember the Chinook helicopters flying above.

"They were bringing out body bags and rescue equipment.

"We sent messages back, and the helicopter came with bags, and they came and took them away."

The radio enthusiasts key to the Lockerbie bombing response

For William, one of the most striking moments was passing on the message that his team had found evidence of an explosion.

"We came across a baggage container, and from the damage to the container, they knew instantly there was a bomb.

"I was asked if I could radio in saying we had found evidence of a bomb, but because the press were there, they were going to be listening, and I advised them I couldn't send that message because it would be on the telly before we even got back.

"We changed it to asking for an urgent recovery of that item."

Earlier this year, William returned to Lockerbie for the first time in almost 38 years to pay his respects.

"I'd always meant to go back, but I've never been, because it does bring up memories," he said.

William, who was 22 at the time, said one of his most harrowing memories was finding a passenger still in their seat.

"To find something like that and knowing there was nothing you could do to help them, it was certainly upsetting."

Tom, who returned with his three friends, still struggles with what he experienced.

"I'd still never seen anything on that scale.

"I can still remember seeing people's letters and personal belongings and thinking that was someone's son, someone's daughter."

Anne said: "I'm proud that I managed to have a wee bit of input.

"But there were a lot of people who did a lot more than we did."

Getty Images An archive image of the nose cone section of the plane which crashed in a Lockerbie field shows two policemen walking in front of the wreckage, a police car situated at the left of the plane.Getty Images
Anne and Ross were stationed at Tundergarth, in the field where the plane's nose cone lay.

All four feel the role of volunteers needs to be acknowledged.

Search and rescue teams and their dogs, the Salvation Army, the Women's Royal Voluntary Service, and locals from the town were all involved.

"They gave their free time willingly at Lockerbie and went back home and yet nobody knows of them," Ross said.

Assistant Chief Constable Stuart Houston from Police Scotland's organised crime, counter terrorism and intelligence unit has thanked Raynet for the role they played.

He told BBC Scotland: "The assistance Raynet provided the police and other emergency services in the aftermath of the darkest day Lockerbie has ever endured will never be forgotten.

"We are grateful for their support and expertise that afforded vital communications between emergency services at such a critical time.

"Our thoughts remain with the families and friends of those who lost loved ones in 1988 and who continue to show incredible dignity and strength."

Additional reporting by Charles Ross.

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