The Prince of Wales has revealed the five winners of this year's environmental Earthshot Prize, calling them an "inspiration that gives us courage".

Prince William said their work was "proof that progress is possible" during Wednesday evening's awards ceremony in Rio de Janeiro's Museum of Tomorrow.

Winners include a project for making South America's Atlantic Forest financially viable and a global ocean treaty initiative aimed at conserving marine life.

Brazilian football legend Cafu, Olympic gymnast Rebeca Andrade and former Formula 1 driver Sebastian Vettel were among the award presenters.

Performances from Kylie Minogue, Shawn Mendes and Brazilian queen of pop Anitta also got the jubilant mood swinging.

Earthshot Prize supports eco-friendly projects from around the world, and annually awards each of the five winners with a £1m grant to scale up their ideas aimed at repairing the world's climate.

Organisers of the initiative were inspired by former US President John F Kennedy's Moonshot project, which challenged scientists to get astronauts to the Moon and back safely.

Hosted by award-winning Brazilian broadcaster Luciano Huck, the awards ceremony was addressed by Prince William, the Earthshot Prize's president.

"When I founded the Earthshot Prize in 2020, we had a 10-year goal: to make this the decade in which we transformed our world for the better," he told attendees.

"We set out to tackle environmental issues head on and make real, lasting changes that would protect life on Earth."

There are five Earthshots or goals: Protect and Restore Nature; Clean Our Air; Revive Our Oceans; Build a Waste-free World; and Fix Our Climate.

The future king has committed himself to it for 10 years, with Rio marking a halfway point for the venture.

This year saw nearly 2,500 nominees submitted from 72 countries. Out of them, 15 finalists were selected, from which the five winners were chosen.

Earthshot Prize 2025 - Full list of winners

• Protect and Restore Nature: re.green, in Brazil, is making protecting one of the world's most important ecosystems, the Atlantic Forest, financially viable
• Clean Our Air: The city of Bogotá, has shown how public policy can bring lasting change, through means such as clean air zones and re-greening degraded areas in the Colombian capital
• Revive Our Oceans: The High Seas Treaty is a global ocean initiative that will set out clear measures to conserve marine life, among other things, and will go into effect from January 2026
• Build a Waste-Free World: Lagos Fashion Week, in Nigeria, is redefining the industry, with each designer wishing to showcase required to show their commitment to sustainable practice
• Fix Our Climate: Friendship is dedicated to helping vulnerable communities across Bangladesh for a multiude of things from access to public services, health, education and preparing for natural disasters

Referring to the winners as "innovators", Prince William called the Earthshot Prize a "mission driven by the kind of extraordinary optimism we have felt here tonight".

"There's a great deal we can learn from their determination, their vision for scale, and their unyielding belief that we can create a better world."

The chair of the board of trustees, Christiana Figueres, said they were building a "global legacy".

"These winners are proof that the spirit of collective action born here in Rio continues to grow stronger, more determined, and more urgent than ever.

"Their 2030 aims are deeply ambitious - but their impact to date, their plans in place and their tenacity fuels my optimism."

Earlier in the day, Prince William met the 15 finalists during a visit to the Christ the Redeemer statue, where he posed for a photograph on the same spot his late mother, Diana, Princess of Wales, did 34 years ago.

But much of the prince's five-day visit to Brazil has been focused on climate and the environment.

On Tuesday, he criticised criminals for their involvment in the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest during a speech at the United for Wildlife conference.

He also travelled to the small island of Paqueta, where he met locals, learnt about mangrove conservation and planted tree saplings.

On Thursday, he will be travelling to Belem in the Amazon rainforest, where he is scheduled to give a speech at COP30, the UN's annual climate change meeting.

If you've ever wanted to create your own computer program but never learnt how to code, you might try "vibe coding".

Collins Dictionary's word of the year - which is confusingly made up of two words - is the art of making an app or website by describing it to artificial intelligence (AI) rather than by writing programming code manually.

The term was coined in February by OpenAI co-founder Andrej Karpathy, who came up with the name to represent how AI can let some programmers "forget that the code even exists" and "give in to the vibes" while making a computer program.

It was one of 10 words on a shortlist to reflect the mood, language and preoccupations of 2025.

By giving an AI tool a simple description such as "make me a program that schedules my weekly meals", people can use "vibe coding" to make basic apps without any previous programming knowledge.

More complicated tools still require skill, but the practice has opened up creating digital platforms to non-coders.

As many have discovered, it isn't perfect - with no guarantee the code will actually work or be free of bugs.

Alex Beecroft, the Managing Director of Collins, said the term "perfectly captures how language is evolving alongside technology".

'Clankers' and 'broligarchy'

Not all the words necessarily first emerged in 2025 - but Collins decided this was the year they became popular.

For example "clanker", a term used to describe robots in Star Wars games and movies since the mid 2000s, made the list after it went viral on TikTok in July as people shared their frustrations with AI-powered machines.

While "aura farming" - people doing things for the sake of looking cool, often when they know they're being filmed - was first used in January 2024, but became increasingly popular over the course of 2025.

And the portmanteau "broligarchy" took off in 2024 to describe the owners of the world's biggest technology companies and their purported political influence - and was used frequently in 2025 following the appearance of many of the bosses at US President Donald Trump's inauguration.

The other definitions in the shortlist were:

• Biohacking, the activity of altering the natural processes of one's body in an attempt to improve one's health and longevity

• Coolcation, a holiday in a place with a cool climate

• Glaze, to praise or flatter someone excessively or undeservedly

• Henry, acronym for "high earner, not rich yet", or a person who has not accrued substantial wealth from their high income

• Micro-retirement, a break taken between periods of employment in order to pursue personal interests

• Taskmasking, the act of giving a false impression that one is being productive in the workplace

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Headaches are something almost all of us deal with at some point.

They can last from a couple of minutes to days and the pain can be sharp, dull, throbbing or stabbing and sometimes spread beyond your head to your scalp, face or even your neck.

Dr Xand van Tulleken, who hosts the BBC's What's Up Docs wellness podcast, knows the feeling all too well and says he gets headaches once a month or every six weeks and it "feels like someone's drilling into my eyeball".

While it's easy to panic about what might be behind a bad headache, Dr Katy Munro, a GP and expert at the National Migraine Centre, says it's rarely something serious.

"It's natural to worry that something is seriously wrong, but the chances of that are actually very small," she explains.

She advises that if it's your "first or worst headache, get it checked out by a doctor," but if you're getting a pattern of milder, recurring headaches, there are a few simple things you can try at home as well as seeing your GP.

1. How big was the impact on your day?

Dr Xand says understanding your own headaches can be surprisingly helpful as they often don't have a single cause so keeping a diary can help you spot patterns and triggers.

For some people, weather such as thunder and lightning could trigger it, while for others it might be sensitivity to light.

"The worst time for me is when we're driving in the autumn and the sun is low and the sun is flickering through the trees...it really aggravates," says Dr Munro.

It's worth noting down things like:

• What you were doing when the headache started
• What you ate or drank
• How well you slept
• The weather
• For women, track your menstrual cycle, as headaches can be linked to hormonal changes

But, Dr Munro cautions that you shouldn't overdo it.

"I made the mistake of making mine very detailed, which was depressing. Instead keep it simple and maybe write a number from one to 10 to summarise the impact it had on your day.

"It's also useful to track how many crystal-clear days you have, not just the bad ones.

Your doctor can then review it to help identify patterns.

2. Use caffeine wisely

You might think that caffeine is something you should instantly avoid if you have a headache but Dr Munro says the truth is more nuanced.

In small, careful doses, it can make painkillers more effective if you are not having too much caffeine on a daily basis.

"Caffeine is a co-analgesic which means it can boost the effect of a painkiller," Dr Munro explains, but avoid it in the afternoon and evening as it can disrupt your sleep.

It's worth also thinking about your caffeine consumption more broadly - consuming lots of it every day can cause a caffeine overuse headache and if you suddenly stop, you might get a withdrawal headache.

3. Don't skip meals

What you eat and when may make a difference if you're suffering from headaches.

Dr Munro recommends following a diet similar to the Mediterranean one that is rich in protein, healthy fats and complex carbs which can help stabilise your energy levels.

You should avoid quick-release sugary snacks and definitely don't skip meals as that can be a common trigger.

Dr Munro says she found her headaches were helped by cutting out dairy and gluten, though that's not universal.

"I also found eating regularly and taking lunch to work made a difference," she says.

As well as thinking about food, Dr Munro says regular exercise, good sleep, stress management and staying hydrated can also help reduce headaches.

You should drink enough during the day so your pee is a pale clear colour and you don't feel thirsty.

4. Avoid painkillers with codeine

"There are lots of things, like painkillers or anti-nausea tablets, you can buy over the counter that may be helpful to manage headaches" says Dr Munro.

She cautions that you should avoid "anything containing codeine" as it can make some headaches occur more frequently and can worsen symptoms like nausea.

"Painkillers can work extremely well but it does depend on how severe your headache is.

"If they're becoming more frequent or intense, your GP can help you find a more suitable medication."

Make sure you don't regularly take painkillers on more than two days a week as this will reduce your risk of rebound headaches.

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It is always perilous for a government when it clearly lacks grip on an issue voters would reasonably expect it to be in control of.

The stand out example of this in recent years has been the arrival of migrants on small boats.

From Rishi Sunak's promise to "stop the boats" to Sir Keir Starmer's promise to "smash the gangs" both have been found wanting and the problem remains huge.

Now the government confronts another example: a justice system that is palpably, transparently and repeatedly failing – and where measures designed to address the issue of letting prisoners out by accident aren't working.

According to government figures published in July, 262 prisoners were released in error in the year to March of this year - a 128% increase on 115 in the previous 12 months.

In other words, it has been a problem for some time, and it is getting worse.

And, context is everything in politics: this row now comes after the mistaken release of perhaps the most high-profile prisoner jailed this year.

Hadush Kebatu, who arrived in the UK on a small boat, was jailed after sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl and a woman while living in an asylum hotel in Epping in Essex, only to be let out by accident. He has since been deported.

It gave the issue of accidental releases from prison a salience and prominence it hadn't had until then.

Once again, we are seeing ministers use the language we usually see from opposition politicians.

The Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood has described the number of people arriving on small boats as "shameful".

Now, the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary David Lammy is saying he is "absolutely outraged" over the mistaken release a week ago of Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, a 24-year-old Algerian sex offender.

Lammy added that his officials have been "working through the night to take him back to prison."

Which brings us to the messy genesis of this saga, at B-Team Prime Minister's Question Time on Wednesday lunchtime.

With the prime minister at the COP climate summit in Brazil, it was his deputy who was answering questions.

The Conservatives put up the shadow defence secretary James Cartlidge, who repeated a question, using a very particular form of words, over and over again.

He wanted to know if an "asylum-seeking offender had been accidentally released from prison".

It was obvious from the Press Gallery that Cartlidge was on to something – because of the apparent precision of his language and his constant repetition of the question.

But Lammy chose to repeatedly duck the question, despite, we later learnt, knowing about the case Cartlidge was referring to.

So why didn't he address it?

It turns out Cartlidge had got his facts wrong - Kaddour-Cherif isn't an asylum seeker. He arrived here legally but then stayed after his visa expired.

And, I understand, Lammy wasn't certain on entering the chamber whether he was an asylum seeker or not.

So setting out what he knew might also have exposed what he didn't.

His team insist "it is incredibly important to know the facts" and they argue it was for the police in the first instance to do that publicly.

Really? It seems reasonable to ask both whether Lammy could or should have known more when he arrived in the chamber and whether he could or should have disclosed more when he was there.

The Conservatives later called for him to return to the Commons to set out what he knew. The former Tory leader Sir Iain Duncan Smith suggested he may have misled the Commons. The Liberal Democrats and Reform have been very critical too.

Some also suggest Lammy's manner – shouting "get a grip, man!" at Cartlidge, among other things – was a mistake.

Could he instead have chosen to set out what he did and didn't know about the case at the beginning of the exchanges, before he took any questions?

But it is the bigger picture here that really matters: the justice system is currently repeatedly failing in that most basic of its tasks – who should be in prison and who shouldn't.

The reasons for that are complex – with difficult questions for the courts, individual prisons, the Prison Service, the Ministry of Justice and the Home Office.

It is not a new problem, but it is a growing one, and one the government doesn't have a grip on. And that, if you are the justice secretary, is a problem.

President Donald Trump was swept to power for a second time on the back of a central campaign promise to tackle inflation.

The steep rise in the cost of living was top of voters' minds and Trump blamed President Joe Biden.

He also made sweeping promises to bring down prices for Americans "starting on day one".

One year on from his victory, BBC Verify revisits some of the president's claims.

Groceries

"When I win, I will immediately bring prices down, starting on Day One," Trump declared at an August 2024 news conference surrounded by packaged foods, milk, meats and eggs.

Official data - which includes a four-month period when Biden was still president - shows grocery prices rose by 2.7% in the 12 months to September 2025, with some items seeing significantly sharper increases:

• Coffee: 18.9%
• Ground beef (minced beef): 12.9%
• Bananas: 6.9%

Since Trump took office in January, the data also shows that apart from one recorded fall in April, grocery prices have risen each month.

"The president of the United States has very little control over the price of food, especially in the short term," food economics expert Professor David Ortega told BBC Verify.

Trump's tariffs are driving up prices of certain foods, he said - a third of coffee consumed in the US comes from Brazil and therefore has a 50% tariff.

Trump's illegal immigration crackdown may also have had an impact, Ortega adds, especially in farming where as many as 40% of workers are estimated to be undocumented, which is close to a million people.

"As you know, farmers and companies have to raise wages in order to attract more labour. But trying to quantify those impacts in terms of price increase is almost impossible at the moment."

Diane Swonk, the chief economist for KPMG, believes tariff and immigration policy changes have contributed to higher costs.

"There's no question that those shifts are now starting to show up as inflation pressures," she said.

But she adds that other factors, including weather events, have contributed.

"On coffee you had climate issues for a very bad growing season and that was exacerbated by a tariff on Brazil and also Colombia," she said.

A White House official told BBC Verify President Trump did not control weather patterns in South America and coffee prices hikes were a global phenomenon.

Data that tracks the cost of coffee shows prices have risen globally, peaking in February, but are now falling.

The same official said the president was addressing rising beef prices by temporarily increasing imports.

While grocery prices are up overall, not every item has become more expensive.

When Trump succeeded Biden in January, the price of a dozen large eggs was $4.93 (£3.79), rising to a record high of $6.23 (£4.78) in March following bird flu outbreaks.

Since then prices have fallen to $3.49 (£2.68) a dozen.

"President Trump's supply-side policies are taming Joe Biden's inflation crisis," White House Spokesman Kush Desai said.

Other items that have fallen in price over the past 12 months include: butter and margarine (-2%), ice cream (-0.7%) and frozen vegetables (-0.7%).

Electricity

During his campaign, Trump pledged to cut electricity bills sharply.

"Under my administration we will be slashing energy and electricity prices by half within 12 months, at a maximum 18 months," he told a rally in August 2024.

Since he became president, prices have risen.

The latest figures show average residential electricity rates reached 17.62 cents per kWh (kilowatt hour) in August 2025 - up from 15.94 cents per kWh in January 2025, according to the US Energy Information Administration.

"It was technically impossible [to halve prices] at the time he made the promise," according to Professor James Sweeney from the Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy.

Electricity prices not only reflect the cost of generation but also the expense of delivering it through "the wires and the transformers and everything else", he explained.

Prof Sweeney attributes the increase to both demand and supply issues.

"We have a surge in demand mostly driven by data centres. People creating images using artificial intelligence are using significant amounts of electricity."

He added that cuts to renewable energy subsidies and tariffs on imported steel - which raise the cost of building new power generators - have also pushed up prices.

Swonk agreed that the AI boom is pushing up prices, especially for those on lower incomes.

"It exacerbates inequality because consumers that have more access to solar panels and renewables tend to be wealthier households," she said.

In response a White House official said that Trump was expanding coal, natural gas and nuclear power, which was "the only viable way to meet the growing energy demand and to lower energy prices".

Cars

At a campaign rally in September 2024, Trump extended his grocery pledge to cars, telling supporters: "We're going to get the prices down… groceries, cars, everything".

However, the average price of a new car topped $50,000 (£38,411) for the first time ever in September, up from $48,283 (£37,092) in January according to Kelley Blue Book, a US vehicle valuation research company.

Car prices typically rise 2-3% a year, explained Erin Keating from Cox Automotive.

"Tariffs, which have been the biggest factor in the automotive industry over the last 12 months, have been nothing but inflationary."

She explained new car prices are increasing by about 4% a year, with tariffs contributing at least one percentage point.

"We really think in 2026 that's going to go higher because most of the manufacturers are holding their fire on raising prices directly due to tariffs, but they're going to have to come in at some point."

Keating did point to tax breaks for people in Trump's spending bill, which she believes may incentivise people to buy new cars.

When asked about the rising price of cars, a White House official told BBC Verify the administration had taken historic regulatory actions to "reverse the left's radical energy scam and save billions annually".

Gasoline

Trump made a specific campaign pledge of "getting gasoline below $2 a gallon".

On the day he entered the White House the average price for a gallon of "regular" gas was $3.125 (£2.33) according to the American Automobile Association (AAA).

While a long way short of his pledge to get prices below $2, the price of a gallon of gas has fallen to a national average of $3.079 (£2.36).

In response, a White House official pointed us to a gas price comparison website, which had a slightly lower national average of $2.97 (£2.38) per gallon compared with the AAA's data.

The official added that President Trump has quickly unleashed American energy to make gas affordable again for families across the country.

What do you want BBC Verify to investigate?

It is always perilous for a government when it clearly lacks grip on an issue voters would reasonably expect it to be in control of.

The stand out example of this in recent years has been the arrival of migrants on small boats.

From Rishi Sunak's promise to "stop the boats" to Sir Keir Starmer's promise to "smash the gangs" both have been found wanting and the problem remains huge.

Now the government confronts another example: a justice system that is palpably, transparently and repeatedly failing – and where measures designed to address the issue of letting prisoners out by accident aren't working.

According to government figures published in July, 262 prisoners were released in error in the year to March of this year - a 128% increase on 115 in the previous 12 months.

In other words, it has been a problem for some time, and it is getting worse.

And, context is everything in politics: this row now comes after the mistaken release of perhaps the most high-profile prisoner jailed this year.

Hadush Kebatu, who arrived in the UK on a small boat, was jailed after sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl and a woman while living in an asylum hotel in Epping in Essex, only to be let out by accident. He has since been deported.

It gave the issue of accidental releases from prison a salience and prominence it hadn't had until then.

Once again, we are seeing ministers use the language we usually see from opposition politicians.

The Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood has described the number of people arriving on small boats as "shameful".

Now, the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary David Lammy is saying he is "absolutely outraged" over the mistaken release a week ago of Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, a 24-year-old Algerian sex offender.

Lammy added that his officials have been "working through the night to take him back to prison."

Which brings us to the messy genesis of this saga, at B-Team Prime Minister's Question Time on Wednesday lunchtime.

With the prime minister at the COP climate summit in Brazil, it was his deputy who was answering questions.

The Conservatives put up the shadow defence secretary James Cartlidge, who repeated a question, using a very particular form of words, over and over again.

He wanted to know if an "asylum-seeking offender had been accidentally released from prison".

It was obvious from the Press Gallery that Cartlidge was on to something – because of the apparent precision of his language and his constant repetition of the question.

But Lammy chose to repeatedly duck the question, despite, we later learnt, knowing about the case Cartlidge was referring to.

So why didn't he address it?

It turns out Cartlidge had got his facts wrong - Kaddour-Cherif isn't an asylum seeker. He arrived here legally but then stayed after his visa expired.

And, I understand, Lammy wasn't certain on entering the chamber whether he was an asylum seeker or not.

So setting out what he knew might also have exposed what he didn't.

His team insist "it is incredibly important to know the facts" and they argue it was for the police in the first instance to do that publicly.

Really? It seems reasonable to ask both whether Lammy could or should have known more when he arrived in the chamber and whether he could or should have disclosed more when he was there.

The Conservatives later called for him to return to the Commons to set out what he knew. The former Tory leader Sir Iain Duncan Smith suggested he may have misled the Commons. The Liberal Democrats and Reform have been very critical too.

Some also suggest Lammy's manner – shouting "get a grip, man!" at Cartlidge, among other things – was a mistake.

Could he instead have chosen to set out what he did and didn't know about the case at the beginning of the exchanges, before he took any questions?

But it is the bigger picture here that really matters: the justice system is currently repeatedly failing in that most basic of its tasks – who should be in prison and who shouldn't.

The reasons for that are complex – with difficult questions for the courts, individual prisons, the Prison Service, the Ministry of Justice and the Home Office.

It is not a new problem, but it is a growing one, and one the government doesn't have a grip on. And that, if you are the justice secretary, is a problem.

Specialist ADHD services for adults are stopping taking on new patients as they struggle to cope with demand, a BBC investigation has shown.

The BBC has identified 15 local areas that have closed waiting lists and another 31 that have introduced tighter criteria, making it more difficult to access support.

Reacting to our investigation, Prof Anita Thapar, chair of NHS England's ADHD taskforce, said the findings were "disturbing", adding there were "enormous risks" for patients.

It comes as she prepares to publish her report into the state of ADHD services on Thursday, which is expected to recommend an overhaul of the way people are supported.

ADHD - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - affects the way the brain works and can cause people to act impulsively and become easily distracted.

It is thought to affect 5% of children and 3-4% of adults, although many remain undiagnosed.

Getting a diagnosis and treatment, which can include medication and psychological therapy, can be life-changing, experts say.

But NHS data already shows average waits of eight years once someone is on a waiting list.

And now a BBC investigation has found a significant number of areas are restricting access to those waiting lists.

The BBC received information from 59 services, which accounts for the majority of those providing support in England, after submitting freedom of information requests.

The responses showed:

• 15 trusts had halted all or part of their referrals - some cover large areas and have closed their waiting lists to just some places
• In Cheshire, the service for adults has been closed to new patients since 2019
• Of the remaining trusts, 31 were rationing care by bringing in exclusions, such as by age or severity
• One trust, Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership Trust, is being threatened with legal action for restricting adult assessments to people under 25 only

In some areas, people referred for support by GPs can use something called 'right to choose' to go onto another NHS list or ask for private support, which would provide an alternative option if their local NHS has stopped taking on new referrals.

The BBC investigation also found examples of areas that are innovating. One of those is Surrey where the local service, which has 11,000 adults on its waiting list, is piloting a scheme to train a group of private GPs to carry out assessments and treatment.

'I find daily life hard'

Louise Nichols, who suspects she has ADHD, is just one of many people affected by the rationing.

Even when she was at primary school she struggled. She was diagnosed with school phobia and ended up being home schooled for a while, and has since found it hard to stay in a job.

The mother-of-one says it is frustrating to see everyone else managing, while she finds daily life hard.

"I need a way of helping me function to the best of my abilities. Whether that's medication or whether that's support," she says.

"I'm hoping to get a part-time job. I want to be part of my community."

The 45-year-old lives in Derbyshire, but as this area does not have its own service, she was on the waiting list with the neighbouring Sheffield trust for two years.

But she was taken off that list in October last year because Sheffield stopped doing assessments for people who live outside their borders, as it's struggling to keep up with demand. There are more than 3,700 people in the county in the same position.

She said it was really disappointing. "I can't understand why a national health service isn't  across the whole nation. "

Patients at risk

Prof Thapar said the problems being encountered by people like Louise were unacceptable and showed the "historic neglect" of ADHD by the NHS.

She called the BBC's findings "disturbing", adding: "There's enormous risks. It's not a trivial condition."

With the right support, she said people with ADHD can thrive, but there were "high, high risks" that without that support, people's conditions can become much more complicated.

This, she said, can include mental health problems, substance misuse, unemployment and getting in trouble with the criminal justice system.

And Dr Jessica Eccles, of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said services were having to make difficult decisions because "rising demand was outstripping capacity" in many parts of the country.

"There are unacceptably long waiting lists," she added.

'Diagnosis transformed my life'

Patients who have received support say it has transformed their lives.

Sam Stone is an example of that, but he had to battle to get help.

The 33-year-old, who lives near Gloucester, paid for a private diagnosis on his health insurance, but his GP wouldn't accept it and he had to go back on an NHS waiting list to get it confirmed.

He is angry at how complicated the system is. "I almost struggle to think about it as a system, to be honest, because it feels like there's such a cacophony of routes that it almost feels like you're constantly trying to hack the system."

Sam said the diagnosis has been life-changing. He had been on and off anti-depressants since the age of 16, but he is now on medication for his ADHD.

He said it was like having a cloud hanging over him removed.

"It's massive, it's huge," Sam says.

Additional reporting by Elena Bailey and data analysis by Rob England

See BBC Action Line for support and advice on issues around ADHD

Read ADHD advice from the NHS

Mexico President Claudia Sheinbaum has said she will press charges against a man who groped her during a public appearance.

Mobile phone footage of the incident on Tuesday shows Sheinbaum speaking to a group of supporters on a street near the National Palace in Mexico City.

In the video, a man approaches her from behind and attempts to kiss her on the neck and place his hands on her body.

Sheinbaum moved away quickly and a member of her team stepped in, but she was visibly shaken. The offender has been arrested.

"My view is, if I don't file a complaint, what will happen to other Mexican women? If they do this to the president, what will happen to all women in our country?" Sheinbaum said at a news conference on Wednesday.

"I decided to press charges because this is something that I experienced as a woman, but that we as women experience in our country," she said. "I have experienced it before, when I wasn't president, when I was a student."

She added that she had decided to press ahead with bringing charges against the suspect as he had allegedly harassed other women in the crowd.

"A line must be drawn," she said.

Women's rights groups and feminist commentators have said the incident shows the extent of ingrained machismo in Mexican society, where a man believes he has the right to accost even the president if she is a woman.

Femicide is also a huge problem in Mexico, with a staggering 98% of gender-based murders estimated to go unpunished.

Sheinbaum promised to tackle the issue as a candidate, but so far in her administration there has been no discernible improvement in that area of violent crime.

The incident also comes amid discussions about presidential security and the wider safety of politicians.

As president, Sheinbaum has broadly followed the approach of her predecessor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, in having close and regular contact with her supporters on the streets or in campaign events.

On occasion, that has presented security concerns for her team. However, she confirmed in her new conference she had no intention of changing her policy of interacting with her supporters.

The incident also happened just days after the murder of Carlos Manzo, the mayor of Uruapan, a municipality in the violent state of Michoacan, at the local Day of the Dead celebrations.

Manzo had called on Sheinbaum for greater federal support in Uruapan in the fight against drug cartels. Around 35 candidates were killed in the lead up to the general election last year in what was considered the bloodiest campaign in modern Mexico.

Since taking office, Sheinbaum has made in-roads in improving the country's dire security situation, particularly clamping down on fentanyl-trafficking – a key issue for her US counterpart, President Trump.

Policymakers at the Bank of England are widely expected to hold interest rates at 4% following their final meeting before the chancellor's Budget.

Some Bank watchers have suggested that the latest inflation data could strengthen the case for a cut, but most commentators think such a move is more likely in December.

In September, the Bank's governor Andrew Bailey said he still expected further rate cuts, but the pace would be "more uncertain".

The Bank's base rate has an impact on the cost of borrowing for individuals and businesses, and also on returns on savings.

Uncertainty over pace of cuts

The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will make its latest announcement at 12:00 GMT with most analysts predicting a hold.

The Bank of England has reduced its benchmark interest rate by 0.25 percentage points every three months since August last year. However, that cycle is widely expected to be broken this time.

Members of the MPC will be closely considering the latest economic data on rising prices, as well as jobs and wages as they cast their vote on interest rates.

The rate of inflation in September was 3.8%, well above the Bank's 2% target, but lower than expected. Within that data, food and drink prices rose at their slowest rate in more than a year.

That has eased some of the squeeze on family finances, and also led to some analysts, including at banking giants Barclays and Goldman Sachs, to predict a cut in interest rates this month to 3.75%.

They expect a split in the vote among the nine-member committee. For the first time, the views of each individual on the MPC will be published alongside the wider decision.

Danni Hewson, head of financial analysis at AJ Bell, said the market was giving a one in three chance of a rate cut to 3.75%.

"The odds are still firmly in favour of a hold," she said.

All eyes on Budget

Members of the MPC will be fully aware of the potential implications of the Budget which will be delivered by Chancellor Rachel Reeves on 26 November.

The case for a cut in interest rates in December could be boosted if the Budget includes substantial tax rises that do not add to inflation.

The chancellor, in a speech on Tuesday, said measures in the Budget "will be focused on getting inflation falling and creating the conditions for interest rate cuts".

However, detail remains thin until the Budget is delivered and more economic data will be published before the Bank's next meeting in December that could sway MPC members' thinking.

"It's possible Rachel Reeves' surprise press conference on Tuesday was partly a cry for help to the Bank of England," AJ Bell's Ms Hewson said.

"By promising to push down on inflation, she might have been signalling that the Bank didn't have to wait until after the Budget to cut rates. Whether they do or not is a finely balanced call."

The Bank's interest rates heavily influence borrowing costs for homeowners - either directly for those on tracker rates, or more indirectly for fixed rates.

In recent days and weeks, many lenders have been cutting the interest rates on their new, fixed deals as they compete for custom, and in anticipation of future central bank rate cuts.

Savers, however, would likely see a fall in the returns they receive if the Bank cuts the benchmark rate on Thursday or in December.

Rachel Springall, from financial information service Moneyfacts, said many savers were feeling "demoralised" as a result of falling returns and still relatively high inflation, which reduces the spending power of their savings.

Jensen Huang, the head of the world's most valuable company Nvidia, says King Charles III personally handed him a copy of a speech he delivered in 2023 that included a warning about the dangers of artificial intelligence.

"He said, there's something I want to talk to you about. And he handed me a letter," Huang told the BBC, speaking after receiving the 2025 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering in a ceremony at St James's Palace.

The letter was a copy of the speech delivered by the King in 2023 at the world's first AI Summit, held at Bletchley Park.

In it the monarch said that the risks of AI needed to be tackled with "a sense of urgency, unity and collective strength".

"It was his speech on AI safety. He obviously cares very deeply about AI safety," Mr Huang said.

Mr Huang said the King wrote in his speech that he believed in the "incredible capability" of the technology to transform the UK and the world.

"But he also wants to remind us that the technology could be used for good and for evil, and so to make sure we do everything we can to advance AI safety."

In the King's address he describes the development of advanced AI as "no less important than the discovery of electricity".

On Wednesday, Jensen Huang received the the 2025 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering alongside six other foundational figures in AI, including Professors Yoshua Bengio and Geoffrey Hinton, who have warned that the technology poses an existential threat to humanity.

But US president Donald Trump has urged the AI sector to make rapid rather than cautious advances in the technology, and the AI Safety Summit was rebranded the AI Action Summit earlier this year.

Senator Howard Lutnick has discouraged the use of the word safety on the grounds that, "It makes us sound like we're afraid".

Mr Huang's company, Nvidia, was valued at $5tn this week. It specialises in advanced computer chips including those which power AI.

Mr Huang added that in his view the UK is in a good position to take advantage of what he described as "an industrial revolution that's happening right now."

"It's your opportunity to grasp," he said.

Large US tech firms including Nvidia are investing billions of dollars in building AI infrastructure in the UK, in the form of enormous data centres, which Jensen Huang has called "AI factories".

A man at the centre of an organised crime network has been secretly filmed telling BBC undercover reporters how he can help to erase fines of up to £60,000 for employing illegal workers.

The self-described "accountant" is among a group of Kurdish men, first exposed in a BBC investigation on Tuesday, who enable migrants to work illegally in mini-marts, by registering the businesses in their own name.

The man, who goes by the name of Shaxawan, told the two journalists that he and his associates could help migrants - including asylum seekers - to set up businesses illegally and "confuse" immigration enforcement.

Operating from a solicitor's office in Huddersfield, he said he had "customers in every city".

In Companies House listings, Shaxawan is named as Kardos Mateen, a British resident in his 30s, and has been the director of 18 businesses across the north of England.

When later confronted by us, with details of his claims, he denied any wrongdoing.

Trading Standards confirmed it has found illegal cigarettes being sold in many businesses registered under the name Kardos Mateen, and the BBC was sold counterfeit tobacco in four mini-marts where he was listed as the director.

The BBC News two-part investigation has revealed the sophistication and scale of criminal networks profiting from undocumented working on UK High Streets. Loose regulation of Britian's labour market is acting as a pull factor for those entering the UK illegally, the government has acknowledged.

Shaxawan made several claims to our reporters:

• He could set up a company and provide bank cards and a card machine to accept payments from customers for one of our undercover reporters, believing him to be an asylum seeker
• His network could "confuse" Immigration Enforcement teams which "won't have the time" to check details
• Fake directors would be paid to register mini-marts in their own names, while illegal workers, including asylum seekers, would actually run the businesses
• In separate deals, other people referred to as "ghost names" would be paid to put their names to large fines for illegal working
• An "English woman" in the network would help reduce hefty fines to "zero" and deal with other issues like electricity, gas and bailiffs

Our reporters also spoke to a paralegal, with Shaxawan present, who offered to "make documents", including "business agreements", to avoid fines.

'I'll make sure you have no issues'

It took months to set up the first meeting with Shaxawan.

He pulled up at a busy Manchester retail park in a white 4x4 BMW, in the belief he was meeting an asylum seeker who was looking to run a mini-mart and sell illegal cigarettes.

In fact, he was meeting Saman (not his real name), a Kurdish journalist working undercover for the BBC.

In a cafe, Shaxawan freely shared details of what he and his associates were able to offer: "We are a group. Each of us provides a service and works together," he said.

He explained how he worked with an "English woman who dealt with electricity, gas and bailiffs". And when Immigration Enforcement issues a fine, he added, "she makes it zero".

"I will… set up your company, provide the [card] machine, get you electricity, speak to your landlord," Shaxawan assured him. "I'll make sure you have no issues."

He told Saman that he should register a mini-mart business in the name of someone else - what is sometimes known as a "ghost director". This would cost £400 per month, and getting access to a business bank card would require a one-off payment of £140, he said.

The ghost director would be the one to "take the risk" if the shop was raided by law enforcement and fines issued, he explained.

"That's why you're paying," he said.

To show he was genuine and to provide reassurance, Shaxawan called someone he said could act as ghost director.

Saman explained to the man on the phone that he did not have asylum status.

"Don't worry" came the reply. "As Mr Shaxawan says, send the money at the end of the month."

ID documents sent to Saman by phone swiftly after his meeting with Shaxawan, revealed that the potential ghost director was a 28-year-old from Iran called Bryar Mohammed Zada.

Mr Zada has racked up company directorships for 20 car washes and mini-marts from Newcastle upon Tyne to Essex in the past 12 months, according to Companies House records.

Undercover journalists found illegal cigarettes being sold at four of Mr Zada's businesses.

Mr Zada did not respond to the BBC's questions.

• Criminal network behind UK mini-marts enables migrants to work illegally - BBC investigation

Saman later called Shaxawan asking for a second meeting, and Shaxawan suggested they meet at RKS Solicitors in Huddersfield.

The firm is registered with the Law Society and has branches in Dewsbury and Sheffield.

The meeting was arranged on the premise Saman needed help to deal with an illegal working fine which had been given to a family member.

There is no mention of the names "Shaxawan" or "Mateen" on the firm's website.

But Saman had called Shaxawan when he was outside the solicitors, and Shaxawan opened the front door, and welcomed him in.

He led our reporter upstairs to an office, where he outlined how Saman's family member could avoid the fine, transferring company details to someone else for a fee.

RKS Solicitors told the BBC it had no connection to any alleged immigration or fine-related misconduct.

Fines turned to 'zero'

We later got our second undercover reporter, "Ali", who is also Kurdish, to investigate further by calling the same RKS Solicitors branch - but without mentioning Shaxawan.

Posing as a Kurdish mini-mart owner, he told the woman who answered the phone that he had received a £60,000 fine from Immigration Enforcement for employing two people without the right to work.

He was given an appointment with Zohaib Hussain, who is listed on RKS's website as a paralegal - someone who can advise on legal matters but is not a qualified solicitor and works under supervision.

As Ali was arriving for his appointment with Mr Hussain at the RKS offices, he came across Shaxawan outside. On the street, Shaxawan repeated the claim he had made to Saman - that he could make fines go to "zero" with no comeback from authorities.

Shaxawan again referred to the "English woman" he mentioned in the earlier meeting, and said she could make sure that fines for illegal working were reassigned to other people, as if they were the culpable business owner.

Shaxawan said these would be Hungarians who "live nearby". They would be paid between £2,000-£3,000 and their names would be used to assume liability for the fines.

He did not give any more details, but an immigration lawyer we spoke to suggested this could work much like receiving a speeding fine, and giving the name of someone else on the paperwork as the person who was driving - and therefore liable to pay the penalty.

Shaxawan said the overall cost to Ali would be about £4,600 per illegal worker. He said he had done this successfully in "Manchester, Birmingham, Blackpool and Leeds", with the process usually taking about four weeks.

He added Ali's company would then need to be closed, reopened and re-registered under a new name.

Ali was then let into the RKS branch, and Shaxawan came inside too. Inside an office, Shaxawan showed him documents on his phone detailing the people he claimed to have helped before.

Shaxawan claimed the scam would confuse Immigration Enforcement officers who would not have time to check the details.

Ali was then introduced to the paralegal, Zohaib Hussain. Shaxawan stayed in the room throughout the meeting.

Speaking quickly and in a hushed tone, Mr Hussain fired questions at our reporter about his cover story - the mini-mart and the immigration fine.

"How many illegal workers? So how much is the fine? How many times did they catch you?"

Then, with a chuckle, he asked what was sold in the mini-mart: "Do you sell vapes? Legal or illegal? Bit of both as well?"

When Ali said his mini-mart was registered under someone else's name, Mr Hussain said: "Very clever then, already very clever."

The first step, Mr Hussain said, would be to deal with the fine.

If Ali was not let off the fine, he continued, "we will look at certain other things that we have to do as precautions".

"Sometimes we might have to make documents," said Mr Hussain, such as "business agreements".

Ali then asked if the fine would be transferred to someone else's name. Mr Hussain said that would be "the last resort."

Before the meeting ended, Mr Hussain warned that the immigration authorities would want to jump on the fine straight away - making a cutting-motion across his throat.

He said his charges would be £3,500 and he "would look after us". He then asked Ali to share any future Immigration Enforcement letters with Shaxawan.

We showed our undercover filming and translations to senior immigration lawyer Bryony Rest, who told us Hussain was "clearly offering to falsify documents".

There were "likely fraud and immigration offences" taking place, she said, and she would expect law enforcement to investigate.

When we later contacted Mr Hussain for comment he replied by email saying he denied "all allegations, insinuations, and claims" we had put to him.

"For clarity, the individual named in your correspondence, Mr Shaxawan Jawad, is not associated with me in any capacity; professional, personal, or otherwise."

In a statement to the BBC, RKS Solicitors said the company was carrying out an internal review and "the individual concerned" had been suspended pending further investigation.

"We are already informing" the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), it added.

"Mr Hussain is employed as a paralegal under strict supervision… The individual is not authorised or instructed to provide immigration and tax advice."

The firm did not comment on Shaxawan Jawad. It said it did not condone unlawful conduct and was committed to the "highest standards of professionalism, integrity, and public service".

Shaxawan, otherwise known as Kardos Mateen, told us by email that he categorically denied "every allegation, insinuation and claim made" in our reporting, and said that he was "not employed by, associated with, or acting on behalf of RKS Solicitors in any capacity".

Home secretary Shabana Mahmood, said the Home Office would investigate the BBC's findings.

"Illegal working and linked organised criminality creates an incentive for people to come here illegally. We will not stand for it," she said.

Additional reporting Phill Edwards and Kirstie Brewer

An Algerian man has been mistakenly released from prison in London, police have said.

A Met Police spokesperson said officers were carrying out "urgent enquiries" to locate the 24-year-old man, who was released in error from HMP Wandsworth last Wednesday.

It comes after migrant sex offender Hadush Kebatu was also released from prison by mistake last month.

The Ethiopian national, who arrived in the UK on a small boat, was jailed for sexually assaulting a 14-year-old girl and a woman while living in an asylum hotel in Epping, Essex.

During Prime Minister's Questions Justice Secretary David Lammy, who was standing in for Sir Keir Starmer, was repeatedly asked whether any other asylum-seeking offender had been accidentally let out of prison since Kebatu was released but refused to answer.

Shortly after PMQs ended, the Met Police released a statement revealing another foreign prisoner had been released by mistake last Wednesday.

A Met Police spokesperson said: "Shortly after 13:00hrs on Tuesday 4 November, the Met was informed by the Prison Service that a prisoner had been released in error from HMP Wandsworth on Wednesday, 29 October.

"The prisoner is a 24-year-old Algerian man.

"Officers are carrying out urgent enquiries in an effort to locate him and return him to custody."

Reacting to the news, Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander told the BBC's Politics Live programme: "One release in error is one too many, and I understand why people will be concerned about this.

"I would expect the Metropolitan Police to be conducting a manhunt at the moment, frankly, to find this individual, because they shouldn't be at large."

She added: "I suspect that after Prime Minister's Questions, David Lammy will be going straight back to the Ministry of Justice, and asking some very tough questions indeed of his officials about what has happened."

A company linked to Baroness Michelle Mone and her husband Doug Barrowman owes £39m in tax on top of the £148m it was ordered to pay the government for breaching a contract to supply PPE.

Documents filed by PPE Medpro's administrator on Tuesday revealed the figure owed to His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

Last month a court ruled the company breached a contract to supply medical gowns during the Covid pandemic because they did not meet certification requirements for sterility.

HMRC and the administrators declined to comment.

PPE Medpro was put into administration last month, and Health Secretary Wes Streeting said the government would pursue the company "with everything we've got" to recover the cash.

PPE Medpro has £672,774 available to unsecured creditors, far less than the money owed to the DHSC, the administrators' filings show.

They also reveal that the debt to the government is even bigger than previously known.

During the outbreak of the Covid pandemic in 2020, the government scrambled to secure supplies of PPE as the country went into lockdown and hospitals across the country were reporting shortages of clothing and accessories to protect medics from the virus.

In May that year, PPE Medpro was set up by a consortium led by Baroness Mone's husband, Doug Barrowman, and won its first government contract to supply masks through a so-called VIP lane after being recommended by Baroness Mone.

The Department of Health and Social Care sued PPE Medpro and won damages over claims the company breached its contract to supply medical gowns.

Mr Barrowman told the BBC in an interview in 2023 that he was the ultimate beneficial owner of PPE Medpro. The shares are held in the name of an accountant, Arthur Lancaster, according to Companies House documents.

In that same interview he admitted receiving more than £60m in profits from PPE Medpro.

Baroness Mone, best known for founding the lingerie company Ultimo, admitted that millions of pounds from those profits were put into a trust from which she and her children stood to benefit.

An Isle of Man company linked to Mr Barrowman, Angelo (PTC), has a secured debt of £1m to the PPE Medpro, which means it is likely to rank ahead of government creditors when it comes to paying out whatever cash can be recovered from the company.

The administrators' report says it expects there will be enough money to repay this in full.

Filings in the Isle of Man show the beneficial owner of Angelo (PTC) is Knox House Trust, part of Barrowman's Knox group of companies.

Arthur Lancaster and a spokesperson for Doug Barrowman did not respond to requests for comment.

People around the world have been able to catch a glimpse of the Beaver supermoon as it rose on Wednesday.

The largest, brightest Moon of the year has been shining in all its glory in the areas lucky enough to have a clear sky.

Wednesday's supermoon is bigger and brighter than earlier supermoons this year due to the fact that it is the closest full Moon to Earth.

This happens because the Moon does not orbit the Earth in a perfect circle - its axis of orbit more closely resembles an oval.

The name Beaver Moon follows a longstanding tradition of nicknaming supermoons.

While there is some disagreement as to the origins of the name, some sources attribute it to First Nations tribes in North America historically setting beaver traps in November.

The last supermoon of the year will follow this month's Beaver Moon, taking place on 4 December.

Photographers across the globe have been sharing their photos while out and about capturing the supermoon.

Top image shows a man tending to his horse against the moonrise as the beaver supermoon appears in Sarikamis, Turkey

Manhunts are under way after two men were mistakenly released from Wandsworth prison in London in the past week.

The first, released last Wednesday, is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, a 24-year-old Algerian man and a sex offender.

The second is William Smith, who had been jailed for fraud on Monday, the same day he was subsequently released in error.

It comes after the accidental release of Hadush Kebatu, a migrant sex offender, last month due to what was described as "human error" at HMP Chelmsford.

Here is what we know.

• Follow live: Wandsworth Prison admits mistakenly releasing two prisoners

What happened?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif was "released in error" seven days ago on Wednesday 29 October, the Metropolitan Police says.

The force said it was not told about the mistake by HMP Wandsworth until Tuesday 4 November.

"Officers are carrying out urgent enquiries in an effort to locate him and return him to custody," a police spokesperson said.

On Monday, Surrey Police appealed for help to find 35-year-old William Smith, who was also mistakenly released from Wandsworth. He was released on the same day he had been sentenced to 45 months in prison for multiple fraud offences.

Who is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is a 24-year-old Algerian man and is not an asylum seeker.

The Met confirmed he is a registered sex offender and was convicted of indecent exposure in November 2024, relating to an incident in March that year.

He was sentenced to an 18-month community order and placed on the sex offenders' register for five years.

He is believed to have links to Tower Hamlets and was also known to frequent the Westminster area, the police said.

Kaddour-Cherif is understood to have entered the UK legally on a visitor's visa but has now overstayed that and is in the initial stages of the deportation process.

Who is William Smith?

William Smith, who goes by Billy, was released on Monday, Surrey Police said.

He was sentenced to 45 months for multiple fraud offences at Croydon Crown Court on Monday. He appeared via a live video link from HMP Wandsworth.

Smith is described by police as white, bald, and clean shaven.

He was last seen wearing a navy long sleeve jumper with the Nike brand 'tick' across the front in white, navy blue tracksuit bottoms with a Nike 'tick' in white on the left pocket, and black trainers.

Smith has links to Woking but could be anywhere in Surrey, the force said.

How were they mistakenly released?

We know very little at this stage about why or how Kaddour-Cherif was mistakenly released.

We also do not know why the police were not told about the error in releasing him for almost a week.

Multiple prison sources say the process of release is complex and bureaucratic, and sometimes errors are made, including in calculations over time served.

As for Smith, the BBC understands he was released as a result of a clerical error at the court level.

He was given a custodial sentence but it was entered in the computer system as a suspended sentence.

This was spotted and corrected by the court but the correction was sent to the wrong person.

How did the news come out?

During Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) Justice Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy, who was standing in for Sir Keir Starmer, was repeatedly asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any further asylum-seeking offenders had accidentally released from prison since Epping sex offender Hadush Kebatu last month.

Lammy repeatedly refused to directly answer the question but towards the end of the session it emerged that a prisoner had been mistakenly released. This referred to Kaddour-Cherif.

BBC political editor Chris Mason said he was told Lammy was aware of the incident going into PMQs, but not whether the man was an asylum seeker.

What happened when?

29 October: Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

3 November: William Smith is sentenced to 45 months in prison. Later the same day he is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

13:00 on 4 November: Six days later, the Prison Service informs the Metropolitan Police that the prisoner had been released in error on 29 October

Overnight into 5 November: Justice Secretary David Lammy is informed about the accidental release

Around 11:45 on 5 November: The Conservatives reportedly find out that a wrongly released prisoner is at large

12:00 on 5 November: Lammy repeatedly refuses to answer when asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any more asylum seekers had been wrongly released since the high-profile case of an Epping sex offender last month

12:43 on 5 November: Cartlidge tells the House of Commons that a second imprisoned asylum seeker had been mistakenly freed - Lammy declined to respond

13:41 on 5 November: Lammy releases a statement saying he is "outraged and appalled by the foreign criminal wanted by the police" and promises that an "urgent manhunt" is under way

16:43 on 5 November: Metropolitan Police puts out an appeal for Kaddour-Cherif and says "urgent" inquiries are ongoing

What has been said about it?

While he did not comment directly on the case during PMQs afterwards Justice Secretary David Lammy said he was "absolutely outraged" and that his officials have been "working through the night to take [Kaddour-Cherif] back to prison".

Shadow home secretary Chris Philp said it was "shocking that once again the Labour government has mistakenly allowed a foreign criminal to be released from prison".

He added that Lammy's PMQs appearance was "nothing short of disgraceful" and accused him of being "dishonest" with the public and parliament.

Philp later made a point of order calling for Lammy to come back to answer questions on the matter.

Sir Keir Starmer's spokesman said the latest error was "unacceptable" and would be investigated.

The Liberal Democrats' justice spokesperson Jess Brown-Fuller is calling for Lammy to return to the House of Commons to explain "why he failed to answer" questions on whether another prisoner had been mistakenly released during PMQs.

Reform UK leader Nigel Farage has called the incident a "farce".

Rosena Allin-Khan, the Labour MP for Tooting - where the prison is located - said: "Local residents will quite rightly be deeply concerned. We urgently need answers from the government and Ministry of Justice as to how this was allowed to happen."

The MP for Woking has told BBC Radio Surrey it's "completely unacceptable" that another prisoner - with links to the area - has been accidentally released from HMP Wandsworth.

Lib Dem Will Forster, MP for Woking, said it was "completely unacceptable" that William Smith had been released accidentally.

"It's utterly unacceptable that my constituents in Woking are going to be worried about their safety due to the government wrongly releasing three prisoners in a matter of a week," he said.

What do we know about HMP Wandsworth?

Wandsworth Prison is a Victorian-era facility in south London.

Built in 1851, the complex was originally constructed to house fewer than 1,000 prisoners.

An August 2024 report by the prison's independent monitoring board found inmate numbers in the "cramped, squalid" prison, had grown to 1,513.

"Wings were chaotic and staff across most units were unable to confirm where all prisoners were during the working day," the report said.

The board added it was unable to conduct prisoner roll checks because staff could not provide accurate numbers and that a third of officers were not available for operational duty on any given day due to sickness, restricted duties or training.

In April, the HM Inspectorate of Prisons noted the population had been reduced by 150, and other "limited and fragile" improvements had been made.

In 2023 the prison was in the headlines after former British soldier Daniel Khalife escaped by clinging to the underside of a lorry.

Donald Trump's sweeping use of tariffs in the first nine months of his second term was sharply questioned during oral arguments before the Supreme Court on Wednesday.

Chief Justice John Roberts, and justices Amy Coney Barrett and Neil Gorsuch – three conservative jurists considered swing votes in this case - peppered US Solicitor General John Sauer, representing the president's administration, during his more than 45 minutes before the court.

They were joined by the court's three liberal justices, who also expressed scepticism about whether federal law – and the US Constitution – give the president authority to unilaterally set tariff levels on foreign imports.

"The justification is being used for power to impose tariffs on any product from any country in any amount, for any length of time," Roberts said.

If the court ruled for Trump in this case, Gorsuch wondered: "What would prohibit Congress from just abdicating all responsibility to regulate foreign commerce?"

He added that he was "struggling" to find a reason to buy Sauer's arguments.

The case centres around a 1977 law, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), that Trump's lawyers have said gives the president the power to impose tariffs. Although the Constitution specifically vests Congress with tariff authority, Trump has claimed that the legislature delegated "emergency" authority to him to bypass longer, established processes.

Sauer asserted that the nation faced unique crises – ones that were "country-killing and not sustainable" - that necessitated emergency action by the president. He warned that if Trump's tariff powers were ruled illegal, it would expose the US to "ruthless trade retaliation" and lead to "ruinous economic and national security consequences.

Trump first invoked IEEPA in February to tax goods from China, Mexico and Canada, saying drug trafficking from those countries constituted an emergency.

He deployed it again in April, ordering levies from 10% to 50% on goods from almost every country in the world. This time, he said the US trade deficit - where the US imports more than it exports - posed an "extraordinary and unusual threat".

• What happens if the Supreme Court rules Trump's 'reciprocal' tariffs illegal?
• India-US sign 10-year defence pact amid tariff turmoil
• Trump hails 'amazing' meeting with China's Xi but no formal trade deal agreed

Those tariffs took hold in fits and starts this summer while the US pushed countries to strike "deals".

Lawyers for the challenging states and private groups have contended that while the IEEPA gave the president power to regulate trade, it made no mention of the word "tariffs"

Neil Katyal, making the case for the private businesses, said it was "implausible" that Congress "handed the president the power to overhaul the entire tariff system and the American economy in the process, allowing him to set and reset tariffs on any and every product from any and every country, at any and all times."

He also challenged whether the issues cited by the White House, especially the trade deficit, represent the kind of emergencies the law envisioned.

Suppose America faced the threat of war from a "very powerful enemy", Samuel Alito - another conservative justice – asked. "Could a president under this provision impose a tariff to stave off war?"

Katyal said that a president could impose an embargo or a quota, but a revenue-raising tariff was a step too far.

For Sauer, this was a false choice. Presidents, he said, have broad powers over national security and foreign policy – powers that the challengers want to infringe on.

A key question could be whether the court determines whether Trump's tariffs are a tax.

Several justices pointed out that the power to tax – to raise revenue – is explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution.

Sauer's reply was that Trump's tariffs are a means of regulating trade and that any revenue generated is "only incidental".

Of course, Trump himself has boasted about the billions his tariffs have generated so far and how essential this new stream of funding is to the federal government.

Treasury secretary Scott Bessent, who attended the hearing, made no comment when asked by the BBC what he thought of the hearing. Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, also in court, flashed a thumbs-up.

US Trade Envoy Jamieson Greer was in court, along with Minnesota Senator Amy Klobuchar, who said outside after arguments, that she was "hopeful" based on the questions asked that the court would overturn the tariffs.

"I thought they were very good questions," she said, describing tariffs as an "unconstitutional power grab" by the president.

If a majority of the Supreme Court rules in Trump's favour, it will overturn the findings of three lower courts that already ruled against the administration.

The decision, no matter how it works out, has implications for an estimated $90bn worth of import taxes already paid - roughly half the tariff revenue the US collected this year through September, according to Wells Fargo analysts.

Trump officials have warned that sum could swell to $1tn if the court takes until June to rule.

During oral arguments, Barrett grappled with the question of reimbursing such revenue, wondering if it would be a "complete mess".

Katyal responded by saying that small businesses might get refunds, but bigger companies would have to follow "administrative procedures". He admitted that it was a "very complicated thing".

In remarks on Wednesday, press secretary Karoline Leavett hinted that the administration already is looking at other ways to impose tariffs if the Supreme Court rules against them.

"The White House is always preparing for Plan B," she said. "It would be imprudent of the president's advisors not to prepare for such a situation."

Manhunts are under way after two men were mistakenly released from Wandsworth prison in London in the past week.

The first, released last Wednesday, is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, a 24-year-old Algerian man and a sex offender.

The second is William Smith, who had been jailed for fraud on Monday, the same day he was subsequently released in error.

It comes after the accidental release of Hadush Kebatu, a migrant sex offender, last month due to what was described as "human error" at HMP Chelmsford.

Here is what we know.

• Follow live: Wandsworth Prison admits mistakenly releasing two prisoners

What happened?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif was "released in error" seven days ago on Wednesday 29 October, the Metropolitan Police says.

The force said it was not told about the mistake by HMP Wandsworth until Tuesday 4 November.

"Officers are carrying out urgent enquiries in an effort to locate him and return him to custody," a police spokesperson said.

On Monday, Surrey Police appealed for help to find 35-year-old William Smith, who was also mistakenly released from Wandsworth. He was released on the same day he had been sentenced to 45 months in prison for multiple fraud offences.

Who is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is a 24-year-old Algerian man and is not an asylum seeker.

The Met confirmed he is a registered sex offender and was convicted of indecent exposure in November 2024, relating to an incident in March that year.

He was sentenced to an 18-month community order and placed on the sex offenders' register for five years.

He is believed to have links to Tower Hamlets and was also known to frequent the Westminster area, the police said.

Kaddour-Cherif is understood to have entered the UK legally on a visitor's visa but has now overstayed that and is in the initial stages of the deportation process.

Who is William Smith?

William Smith, who goes by Billy, was released on Monday, Surrey Police said.

He was sentenced to 45 months for multiple fraud offences at Croydon Crown Court on Monday. He appeared via a live video link from HMP Wandsworth.

Smith is described by police as white, bald, and clean shaven.

He was last seen wearing a navy long sleeve jumper with the Nike brand 'tick' across the front in white, navy blue tracksuit bottoms with a Nike 'tick' in white on the left pocket, and black trainers.

Smith has links to Woking but could be anywhere in Surrey, the force said.

How were they mistakenly released?

We know very little at this stage about why or how Kaddour-Cherif was mistakenly released.

We also do not know why the police were not told about the error in releasing him for almost a week.

Multiple prison sources say the process of release is complex and bureaucratic, and sometimes errors are made, including in calculations over time served.

As for Smith, the BBC understands he was released as a result of a clerical error at the court level.

He was given a custodial sentence but it was entered in the computer system as a suspended sentence.

This was spotted and corrected by the court but the correction was sent to the wrong person.

How did the news come out?

During Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) Justice Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy, who was standing in for Sir Keir Starmer, was repeatedly asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any further asylum-seeking offenders had accidentally released from prison since Epping sex offender Hadush Kebatu last month.

Lammy repeatedly refused to directly answer the question but towards the end of the session it emerged that a prisoner had been mistakenly released. This referred to Kaddour-Cherif.

BBC political editor Chris Mason said he was told Lammy was aware of the incident going into PMQs, but not whether the man was an asylum seeker.

What happened when?

29 October: Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

3 November: William Smith is sentenced to 45 months in prison. Later the same day he is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

13:00 on 4 November: Six days later, the Prison Service informs the Metropolitan Police that the prisoner had been released in error on 29 October

Overnight into 5 November: Justice Secretary David Lammy is informed about the accidental release

Around 11:45 on 5 November: The Conservatives reportedly find out that a wrongly released prisoner is at large

12:00 on 5 November: Lammy repeatedly refuses to answer when asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any more asylum seekers had been wrongly released since the high-profile case of an Epping sex offender last month

12:43 on 5 November: Cartlidge tells the House of Commons that a second imprisoned asylum seeker had been mistakenly freed - Lammy declined to respond

13:41 on 5 November: Lammy releases a statement saying he is "outraged and appalled by the foreign criminal wanted by the police" and promises that an "urgent manhunt" is under way

16:43 on 5 November: Metropolitan Police puts out an appeal for Kaddour-Cherif and says "urgent" inquiries are ongoing

What has been said about it?

While he did not comment directly on the case during PMQs afterwards Justice Secretary David Lammy said he was "absolutely outraged" and that his officials have been "working through the night to take [Kaddour-Cherif] back to prison".

Shadow home secretary Chris Philp said it was "shocking that once again the Labour government has mistakenly allowed a foreign criminal to be released from prison".

He added that Lammy's PMQs appearance was "nothing short of disgraceful" and accused him of being "dishonest" with the public and parliament.

Philp later made a point of order calling for Lammy to come back to answer questions on the matter.

Sir Keir Starmer's spokesman said the latest error was "unacceptable" and would be investigated.

The Liberal Democrats' justice spokesperson Jess Brown-Fuller is calling for Lammy to return to the House of Commons to explain "why he failed to answer" questions on whether another prisoner had been mistakenly released during PMQs.

Reform UK leader Nigel Farage has called the incident a "farce".

Rosena Allin-Khan, the Labour MP for Tooting - where the prison is located - said: "Local residents will quite rightly be deeply concerned. We urgently need answers from the government and Ministry of Justice as to how this was allowed to happen."

The MP for Woking has told BBC Radio Surrey it's "completely unacceptable" that another prisoner - with links to the area - has been accidentally released from HMP Wandsworth.

Lib Dem Will Forster, MP for Woking, said it was "completely unacceptable" that William Smith had been released accidentally.

"It's utterly unacceptable that my constituents in Woking are going to be worried about their safety due to the government wrongly releasing three prisoners in a matter of a week," he said.

What do we know about HMP Wandsworth?

Wandsworth Prison is a Victorian-era facility in south London.

Built in 1851, the complex was originally constructed to house fewer than 1,000 prisoners.

An August 2024 report by the prison's independent monitoring board found inmate numbers in the "cramped, squalid" prison, had grown to 1,513.

"Wings were chaotic and staff across most units were unable to confirm where all prisoners were during the working day," the report said.

The board added it was unable to conduct prisoner roll checks because staff could not provide accurate numbers and that a third of officers were not available for operational duty on any given day due to sickness, restricted duties or training.

In April, the HM Inspectorate of Prisons noted the population had been reduced by 150, and other "limited and fragile" improvements had been made.

In 2023 the prison was in the headlines after former British soldier Daniel Khalife escaped by clinging to the underside of a lorry.

The Scottish Parliament has passed land reforms which could force the break-up of some large estates.

The bill is designed to help reduce the concentration of rural land ownership among a small number of people, and to give communities a greater say in what happens on privately owned land.

It also seeks to increase opportunities for community buyouts of land and could allow for large estates to be split into smaller plots when they are put up for sale.

After three days of debates, with almost 400 amendments lodged, the Land Reform (Scotland) Bill was passed with 85 supporting, 28 in opposition and nine abstaining.

About half of Scotland's land is owned by just 420 people, according to research by former Green MSP Andy Wightman.

The government said its reforms would help address that imbalance.

Land reform campaigners welcomed some aspects of the bill, but said it did not go far enough.

Opponents warned the wide-ranging legislation would not work in practice and argued against government intervention in land transactions.

What is in the land reform bill?

The parliament backed the creation of a "transfer test", which would ensure that the sale or transfer of a large landholding (bigger than 1,000 hectares) cannot be completed without owners first applying to ministers for a decision on whether to sub-divide the land into "lots".

The bill also says that if someone wants to sell a large landholding, they must notify the government. Ministers would in turn notify community groups, offering them the chance to buy the land.

The legislation will compel owners of large landholdings to tell the surrounding community more about what happens on their land by publishing a land management plan. A failure to comply with this requirement could result in a fine of up to £40,000.

The legislation will also pave the way for the creation of a Land and Communities Commissioner to oversee, investigate and report on some of the bill's key aims.

Patrick Colquhoun, assistant chief executive of Luss Estates, which owns almost 50,000 acres of land around Loch Lomond, said the legislation could lead to an "infringement" on property rights.

Mr Colquhoun, who is also vice-chairman of Scottish Land and Estates, told the BBC's Scotcast podcast that he feared the definition of a large landholding could be reduced in future.

"Already the government are being pressed to reduce that down to 500 (hectares), then it's 200, then it's 10, then it's five and suddenly your plot at home, your garden ground could be under threat," he said.

Some lawyers have also raised concerns. Don Macleod, head of land and property at law firm Turcan Connell, described the bill as "junk", arguing that ambiguity over the definition of a large landholding could make the law "unworkable and impossible".

Community Land Scotland, which represents community landowners, said the bill was a "step forward" for land reform.

However, it warned that the measures did not "go far enough to meaningfully intervene in the land market and change landownership patterns".

'Lack of ambition'

Rural Affairs Secretary Mairi Gougeon told MSPs the reforms would improve how land is owned and managed for the benefit "of the many, not the few".

She told MSPs would allow communities to "breathe new life into rural communities".

Addressing concerns that the bill was not sufficiently radical, she said the reforms were "balanced and proportionate".

Scottish Conservative rural affairs spokesperson Tim Eagle described the bill as "unworkable and devastating", arguing it would "damage rural businesses and reduce the land available for rent".

Other parties argued the reforms did not go far enough.

Scottish Labour rural affairs spokeswoman Rhoda Grant said: "We support any improvements to Scotland's land management, but this weak bill is largely tinkering around the edges.

"The only significant change is to introduce untested lotting provisions and to take steps to stop off-market sales."

Green rural affairs spokesperson Ariane Burgess said ministers had shown a "lack of ambition to deliver the real land reform that is so vital".

The British Medical Association has rejected a fresh offer from the government to end the long-running dispute with resident doctors in England.

Health Secretary Wes Streeting had proposed covering the cost of exam fees and expanding training places more quickly than planned and wrote to the union on Wednesday giving it until the end of Thursday to accept the package.

But the BMA said the offer did not go far enough - and the government needed to increase pay.

It comes ahead of a five-day strike by resident doctors, the name now for junior doctors, which gets under way on 14 November. It will be the 13th walkout since March 2023.

The fresh offer made by Streeting in the letter to the BMA on Wednesday afternoon followed a meeting with the union's leaders on Tuesday.

There were a range of measures, including covering the cost of mandatory exams, which can run to thousands of pounds over the course of doctor training, and membership fees to royal colleges.

The health secretary had also promised to expand the number of training places more quickly than initially planned.

But the BMA told the BBC on Wednesday night that it had rejected the offer.

The 10-year NHS plan published in early summer pledged an extra 1,000 training places by 2028, but this will now be increased to 2,000 with the 1,000 boost happening next year.

These are speciality training places that doctors move into after the first two years of training.

This year there were more than 30,000 applicants for 10,000 jobs at this stage, although some will have been doctors from abroad.

Significant disruption

In the letter to the BMA Streeting said: "The choice is clear. You can continue to pursue unnecessary strike action, which will cause disruption to patients, harm the NHS's recovery and mean that at least some parts of this offer become unaffordable.

"Or you can put an end to this damaging period of industrial action and work in partnership with the government to both deliver real change and improvements."

The letter said iafter Thursday the NHS would have to start cancelling treatments and bookings ahead of the next walkout.

The offer has been made after months of dialogue between the union and government, which began in July after the last round of strikes.

Streeting has maintained he would not negotiate on pay after resident doctors had received pay rises totalling nearly 30% in the past three years.

But the BMA has argued that, despite the pay rises, resident doctors' pay is still a fifth lower than it was in 2008, once inflation is taken into account.

Responding to the offer, Dr Jack Fletcher, chairman of the BMA's resident doctors committee, said it "does not go far enough".

He said even with the expansion of training places resident doctors would still be left without a job at a crucial point of their training.

"We have also been clear with the government that they can call off strikes for years if they're willing to offer a multi-year pay deal that restores pay over time.

"Sadly, even after promising a journey to fair pay, Mr Streeting is still unwilling to move."

The strike next week is expected to cause significant disruption, particularly in hospitals.

Resident doctors represent nearly half the medical workforce and range from doctors fresh out of university through to those with up to a decade of experience.

They will walk out of both emergency and routine care with senior doctors brought in to provide cover.

While the NHS attempted to keep as many routine services running as possible during the last strike, thousands of operations and appointments still had to be postponed.

A company linked to Baroness Michelle Mone and her husband Doug Barrowman owes £39m in tax on top of the £148m it was ordered to pay the government for breaching a contract to supply PPE.

Documents filed by PPE Medpro's administrator on Tuesday revealed the figure owed to His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

Last month a court ruled the company breached a contract to supply medical gowns during the Covid pandemic because they did not meet certification requirements for sterility.

HMRC and the administrators declined to comment.

PPE Medpro was put into administration last month, and Health Secretary Wes Streeting said the government would pursue the company "with everything we've got" to recover the cash.

PPE Medpro has £672,774 available to unsecured creditors, far less than the money owed to the DHSC, the administrators' filings show.

They also reveal that the debt to the government is even bigger than previously known.

During the outbreak of the Covid pandemic in 2020, the government scrambled to secure supplies of PPE as the country went into lockdown and hospitals across the country were reporting shortages of clothing and accessories to protect medics from the virus.

In May that year, PPE Medpro was set up by a consortium led by Baroness Mone's husband, Doug Barrowman, and won its first government contract to supply masks through a so-called VIP lane after being recommended by Baroness Mone.

The Department of Health and Social Care sued PPE Medpro and won damages over claims the company breached its contract to supply medical gowns.

Mr Barrowman told the BBC in an interview in 2023 that he was the ultimate beneficial owner of PPE Medpro. The shares are held in the name of an accountant, Arthur Lancaster, according to Companies House documents.

In that same interview he admitted receiving more than £60m in profits from PPE Medpro.

Baroness Mone, best known for founding the lingerie company Ultimo, admitted that millions of pounds from those profits were put into a trust from which she and her children stood to benefit.

An Isle of Man company linked to Mr Barrowman, Angelo (PTC), has a secured debt of £1m to the PPE Medpro, which means it is likely to rank ahead of government creditors when it comes to paying out whatever cash can be recovered from the company.

The administrators' report says it expects there will be enough money to repay this in full.

Filings in the Isle of Man show the beneficial owner of Angelo (PTC) is Knox House Trust, part of Barrowman's Knox group of companies.

Arthur Lancaster and a spokesperson for Doug Barrowman did not respond to requests for comment.

The dog that killed a nine-month-old baby boy in south-east Wales was an XL bully, police have confirmed.

Gwent Police said the six-year-old dog was registered and that a certificate of exemption was issued in 2024, before a ban on the breed was introduced.

Police officers and paramedics were called to an address in Crossway, Rogiet, near Caldicot, Monmouthshire, on Sunday evening, and the baby was pronounced dead at the scene.

Following the incident the dog was sedated, removed from the house and taken to a vet where it was put down. No arrests have been made.

"While the dog in this case was registered as an XL bully, it was done so proactively before the ban came into effect," said Assistant Chief Constable Vicki Townsend.

ACC Townsend said that in preparation of a law banning XL bully dogs, "when requesting a certificate of exemption, owners were not required to formally identify the dog's breed".

"In cases where a suspected banned breed is involved only a DLO [Dog Legislation Officer] or a court-approved independent assessor can make an official determination," she said.

She added that police were fully investigating what happened.

"We again urge people to be responsible, and to consider the impact that speculation, rumour, and commentary can have on the family and on the integrity of our investigation," she said.

People in the village said they saw police cars and ambulances on the street late Sunday evening, with the "quiet community" finding it difficult to come to terms with the "horrendous" events.

Rogiet county councillor Peter Strong described the village as being in mourning, but vowed residents would "stand together".

"It's a deep and profound sense of shock that such a thing should happen in amidst our quiet community."

Mr Strong appealed to local people to "stay calm [and] to give the family the space they need to grieve in peace".

Since 1 February 2024, it has been a criminal offence to own an XL bully without an exemption certificate from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.

Despite the XL bully ban, the number of dog attacks increased in 2024 compared with a year earlier.

There were 31,920 dog attacks on people recorded in England Wales in 2024 – a 2% increase on 2023 – according to Freedom of Information figures obtained from police forces. This may not show the full picture, as three police forces did not provide useable data.

It's official: The biggest city in the US will have its first Muslim and first South Asian mayor.

Since democratic socialist Zohran Mamdani first entered the New York City's mayoral race, the 34-year-old state assemblyman from Queens has had a meteoric rise from near-total obscurity into the national spotlight.

His bold, left-wing platform has energised progressives, shaken up the Democratic party, and drawn harsh criticism from President Donald Trump and Republicans.

"Today we have spoken in a clear voice: Hope is alive," Mamdani told supporters in his victory speech on Tuesday night.

Unlike his more established opponents, Mamdani's new perspective, youth and new left-wing platform excited and ultimately won over voters eager for a fresher politician.

"Let City Hall, with our compassion, our conviction and our clarity, be the light that our city and our nation so desperately need," Mamdani said this week.

Younger voters

Mamdani presents himself as a man of the people and an organiser.

"As life took its inevitable turns, with detours in film, rap, and writing," reads his state assembly profile, "it was always organising that ensured that the events of our world would not lead him to despair, but to action."

Part of what made Mamdani so successful was that younger voters saw how authentic he was on social media, says Jane Hall, communications professor at American University.

"You don't have to be young to be able to do it, but I think you have to be seen as being authentic and speaking to what people care about in a way that is hip and makes people want to be on the bandwagon," Hall said.

His critics have argued that Mamdani does not have enough experience to effectively lead the largest US city.

President Donald Trump has tried to paint him as radical, repeatedly calling him a communist, though Mamdani has frequently denied this. The president also has threatened to withhold federal funds from a Mamdani administration.

On Tuesday night, as he declared victory, Mamdani addressed the president directly:

"Donald Trump, since I know you're watching, I have four words for you: Turn the volume up. To get to any of us, you will have to get through all of us".

Trump promptly posted on social media: "…AND SO IT BEGINS!"

Andres Bernal, former policy advisor to New York Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, says Democrats can learn from Mamdani's ability to connect with people and his authenticity.

"Today's Republicans shape public discourse and they try to shape political consciousness in this country," Bernal argued. "While Democrats kind of just assume that people have fixed beliefs and they look at polls and say, okay, how do we match what we say to what we think people believe?"

From Uganda to Queens

Born in Uganda, Mamdani moved to New York with his family age seven. He attended the Bronx High School of Science and later earned a degree in Africana Studies from Bowdoin College, where he co-founded the campus chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine.

The millennial progressive has leaned into his roots in a diverse city. He has also made his Muslim faith a visible part of his campaign. He visited mosques regularly and released a campaign video in Urdu about the city's cost-of-living crisis.

"We know that to stand in public as a Muslim is also to sacrifice the safety that we can sometimes find in the shadows," he said at a rally this spring.

Mamdani and his wife, 27-year-old Brooklyn-based Syrian artist Rama Duwaji, met on the dating app Hinge.

His mother, Mira Nair, is a celebrated film director and his father Professor Mahmood Mamdani, teaches at Columbia. Both parents are Harvard alumni.

Before entering politics, he worked as a housing counsellor, helping low-income homeowners in Queens fight eviction.

Like his opponents, Mamdani's mayoral campaign focused heavily on making the city safer and more affordable.

But he pushed more radical ways to accomplish those goals - some of which will be uncharted territory for New York City.

Housing is key

The high cost of housing is one of residents' most common gripes about living in the city that never sleeps.

Average rent for a one-bedroom apartment in Manhattan in November 2025 is $4,778 (£3,666), a nearly 20% increase from three years prior, according to apartment listings site RentHop. And in Brooklyn, average rent for a 1-bedroom is $3,625, about a 5% increase, according to RentHop.

One of the most talked-about points in Mamdani's housing plan is freezing rent for four years on the city's 1 million rent-stabilised apartments.

"This is a city where one in four of its people are living in poverty, a city where 500,000 kids go to sleep hungry every night," Mamdani told the BBC over the summer. "And ultimately, it's a city that is in danger of losing that which makes it so special."

But researchers at Maverick Real Estate Partners argue that the four-year rent freeze would be "catastrophic" for many building owners, permanently reducing their net operating income.

Affordability challenge

Mamdani ran on a campaign of making the most expensive US city affordable for its residents.

One of his more novel ideas is creating a network of city-owned grocery stores across New York's five boroughs, expanding on the six city-owned stores. Shopping there would be cheaper for customers.

But critics have argued that Mamdani's proposal ignores complex logistical realities of the food supply chain.

He also wants to make public buses free - the current fare for most riders is $2.90 - and he plans to make them faster. While Mamdani has estimated that his plan would cost the city $630m a year, the chair of the MTA told Gothamist that it would be closer to $1bn.

Also on Mamdani's agenda is lowering the high cost of child care.

"I would hear this again and again and again, both in my own personal life, as friends would tell me the plans they had to settle down and start a family, and how in their eyes that meant it was necessary to leave New York City, with child care being a big part of it," Mamdani said in an interview with The New York Times.

To help pay for his plans, Mamdani wants to raise the corporate tax rate to 11.5%, matching the top end of New Jersey's range. The corporate tax rate in New York City currently goes up to 7.25%.

He also wants to add a flat 2% tax for New Yorkers who make more than $1 million a year. The campaign said these hikes would raise $9 billion, but how they would be raised remains a question.

New York Governor Kathy Hochul has said she won't support the new mayor's plan to increase taxes on the wealthy.

Mamdani wants to raise the city's minimum wage - currently $16.50 per hour - up to $30 per hour by 2030.

But critics have argued that it would put many lower-skilled workers out of work and force them out of the city.

Quality of life is another major concern for New Yorkers: Only 34% of New Yorkers ranked the city's as excellent or good in 2025, down from 51% in 2017, according to a survey from the Citizens Budget Commission.

A flagship element of Mamdani's platform is creating a Department of Community Safety, which would expand city mental health services, including building a system for mental health workers to respond to related 911 calls, instead of police.

Mamdani's Republican opponent Curtis Sliwa criticised the plan, saying it's unrealistic and unsafe for social workers to respond to potentially violent situations.

Manhunts are under way after two men were mistakenly released from Wandsworth prison in London in the past week.

The first, released last Wednesday, is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif, a 24-year-old Algerian man and a sex offender.

The second is William Smith, who had been jailed for fraud on Monday, the same day he was subsequently released in error.

It comes after the accidental release of Hadush Kebatu, a migrant sex offender, last month due to what was described as "human error" at HMP Chelmsford.

Here is what we know.

• Follow live: Wandsworth Prison admits mistakenly releasing two prisoners

What happened?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif was "released in error" seven days ago on Wednesday 29 October, the Metropolitan Police says.

The force said it was not told about the mistake by HMP Wandsworth until Tuesday 4 November.

"Officers are carrying out urgent enquiries in an effort to locate him and return him to custody," a police spokesperson said.

On Monday, Surrey Police appealed for help to find 35-year-old William Smith, who was also mistakenly released from Wandsworth. He was released on the same day he had been sentenced to 45 months in prison for multiple fraud offences.

Who is Brahim Kaddour-Cherif?

Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is a 24-year-old Algerian man and is not an asylum seeker.

The Met confirmed he is a registered sex offender and was convicted of indecent exposure in November 2024, relating to an incident in March that year.

He was sentenced to an 18-month community order and placed on the sex offenders' register for five years.

He is believed to have links to Tower Hamlets and was also known to frequent the Westminster area, the police said.

Kaddour-Cherif is understood to have entered the UK legally on a visitor's visa but has now overstayed that and is in the initial stages of the deportation process.

Who is William Smith?

William Smith, who goes by Billy, was released on Monday, Surrey Police said.

He was sentenced to 45 months for multiple fraud offences at Croydon Crown Court on Monday. He appeared via a live video link from HMP Wandsworth.

Smith is described by police as white, bald, and clean shaven.

He was last seen wearing a navy long sleeve jumper with the Nike brand 'tick' across the front in white, navy blue tracksuit bottoms with a Nike 'tick' in white on the left pocket, and black trainers.

Smith has links to Woking but could be anywhere in Surrey, the force said.

How were they mistakenly released?

We know very little at this stage about why or how Kaddour-Cherif was mistakenly released.

We also do not know why the police were not told about the error in releasing him for almost a week.

Multiple prison sources say the process of release is complex and bureaucratic, and sometimes errors are made, including in calculations over time served.

As for Smith, the BBC understands he was released as a result of a clerical error at the court level.

He was given a custodial sentence but it was entered in the computer system as a suspended sentence.

This was spotted and corrected by the court but the correction was sent to the wrong person.

How did the news come out?

During Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) Justice Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy, who was standing in for Sir Keir Starmer, was repeatedly asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any further asylum-seeking offenders had accidentally released from prison since Epping sex offender Hadush Kebatu last month.

Lammy repeatedly refused to directly answer the question but towards the end of the session it emerged that a prisoner had been mistakenly released. This referred to Kaddour-Cherif.

BBC political editor Chris Mason said he was told Lammy was aware of the incident going into PMQs, but not whether the man was an asylum seeker.

What happened when?

29 October: Brahim Kaddour-Cherif is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

3 November: William Smith is sentenced to 45 months in prison. Later the same day he is mistakenly released from HMP Wandsworth

13:00 on 4 November: Six days later, the Prison Service informs the Metropolitan Police that the prisoner had been released in error on 29 October

Overnight into 5 November: Justice Secretary David Lammy is informed about the accidental release

Around 11:45 on 5 November: The Conservatives reportedly find out that a wrongly released prisoner is at large

12:00 on 5 November: Lammy repeatedly refuses to answer when asked by shadow justice secretary James Cartlidge whether any more asylum seekers had been wrongly released since the high-profile case of an Epping sex offender last month

12:43 on 5 November: Cartlidge tells the House of Commons that a second imprisoned asylum seeker had been mistakenly freed - Lammy declined to respond

13:41 on 5 November: Lammy releases a statement saying he is "outraged and appalled by the foreign criminal wanted by the police" and promises that an "urgent manhunt" is under way

16:43 on 5 November: Metropolitan Police puts out an appeal for Kaddour-Cherif and says "urgent" inquiries are ongoing

What has been said about it?

While he did not comment directly on the case during PMQs afterwards Justice Secretary David Lammy said he was "absolutely outraged" and that his officials have been "working through the night to take [Kaddour-Cherif] back to prison".

Shadow home secretary Chris Philp said it was "shocking that once again the Labour government has mistakenly allowed a foreign criminal to be released from prison".

He added that Lammy's PMQs appearance was "nothing short of disgraceful" and accused him of being "dishonest" with the public and parliament.

Philp later made a point of order calling for Lammy to come back to answer questions on the matter.

Sir Keir Starmer's spokesman said the latest error was "unacceptable" and would be investigated.

The Liberal Democrats' justice spokesperson Jess Brown-Fuller is calling for Lammy to return to the House of Commons to explain "why he failed to answer" questions on whether another prisoner had been mistakenly released during PMQs.

Reform UK leader Nigel Farage has called the incident a "farce".

Rosena Allin-Khan, the Labour MP for Tooting - where the prison is located - said: "Local residents will quite rightly be deeply concerned. We urgently need answers from the government and Ministry of Justice as to how this was allowed to happen."

The MP for Woking has told BBC Radio Surrey it's "completely unacceptable" that another prisoner - with links to the area - has been accidentally released from HMP Wandsworth.

Lib Dem Will Forster, MP for Woking, said it was "completely unacceptable" that William Smith had been released accidentally.

"It's utterly unacceptable that my constituents in Woking are going to be worried about their safety due to the government wrongly releasing three prisoners in a matter of a week," he said.

What do we know about HMP Wandsworth?

Wandsworth Prison is a Victorian-era facility in south London.

Built in 1851, the complex was originally constructed to house fewer than 1,000 prisoners.

An August 2024 report by the prison's independent monitoring board found inmate numbers in the "cramped, squalid" prison, had grown to 1,513.

"Wings were chaotic and staff across most units were unable to confirm where all prisoners were during the working day," the report said.

The board added it was unable to conduct prisoner roll checks because staff could not provide accurate numbers and that a third of officers were not available for operational duty on any given day due to sickness, restricted duties or training.

In April, the HM Inspectorate of Prisons noted the population had been reduced by 150, and other "limited and fragile" improvements had been made.

In 2023 the prison was in the headlines after former British soldier Daniel Khalife escaped by clinging to the underside of a lorry.

From an embankment overlooking Gaza City, there's no hiding what this war has done.

The Gaza of maps and memories is gone, replaced by a monochrome landscape of rubble stretching flat and still for 180 degrees, from Beit Hanoun on one side to Gaza City on the other.

Beyond the distant shapes of buildings still standing inside Gaza City, there's almost nothing left to orient you here, or identify the neighbourhoods that once held tens of thousands of people.

This was one of the first areas Israeli ground troops entered in the early weeks of the war. Since then they have been back multiple times, as Hamas regrouped around its strongholds in the area.

Israel does not allow news organisations to report independently from Gaza. Today it took a group of journalists, including the BBC, into the area of the Strip occupied by Israeli forces.

The brief visit was highly controlled and offered no access to Palestinians, or other areas of Gaza.

Military censorship laws in Israel mean that military personnel were shown our material before publication. The BBC maintained editorial control of this report at all times.

Asked about the level of destruction in the area we visited, Israeli military spokesman Nadav Shoshani said it was "not a goal".

"The goal is to combat terrorists. Almost every house had a tunnel shaft or was booby-trapped or had an RPG [rocket-propelled grenade] or sniper station," he said.

"If you're driving fast, within a minute you can be inside of a living room of an Israeli grandmother or child. That's what happened on October 7."

More than 1,100 people were killed in the Hamas attacks on Israel on 7 October 2023, and 251 others taken hostage.

Since then, more than 68,000 Gazans have been killed, according to the Hamas-run Health Ministry there.

The bodies of several hostages had been found in this area, Lt Col Shoshani said, including that of Itay Chen, returned to Israel by Hamas this week. Searches are continuing for the missing bodies of another seven hostages.

The Israeli military base we travelled to is a few hundred metres from the yellow line – the temporary boundary set out in US President Donald Trump's peace plan, which divides the areas of Gaza still controlled by Israeli forces from the areas controlled by Hamas.

Israel's army has been gradually marking out the yellow line with blocks on the ground, as a warning to both Hamas fighters and civilians.

There are no demarcations along this part of the line yet - a soldier points it out to me, taking bearings from a small patch of sand between the grey crumbs of demolished buildings.

The ceasefire is almost a month old, but Israeli forces say they are still fighting Hamas gunmen along the yellow line "almost every day". The piles of bronze-coloured bullet casings mark the firing points on the embankments facing Gaza City.

Hamas has accused Israel of violating the ceasefire "hundreds of times", and Gaza's Hamas-run Health Ministry says more than 240 people have been killed as a result.

Col Shoshani said that Israeli forces were committed to the US-led peace plan, but that they would also make sure that Hamas no longer posed a threat to Israeli civilians, and would stay as long as necessary.

"It's very clear to everyone that Hamas is armed and trying to control Gaza," he said. "This is something that will be worked out, but we're far from that."

The next stage of the US-led plan requires Hamas to disarm and hand over power to a Palestinian committee overseen by international figures including President Trump.

But rather than give up its power and weapons, Col Shoshani said, Hamas was doing the opposite.

"Hamas is trying to arm itself, trying to assert dominance, assert control over Gaza," he told me. "It's killing people in broad daylight, to terrorise civilians and make sure they understand who is boss in Gaza. We hope this agreement is enough pressure to make sure Hamas disarms."

Israeli forces showed us a map of the tunnels they said that soldiers had found beneath the rubble we saw – "a vast network of tunnels, almost like spider's web" they said – some already destroyed, some still intact, and some they were still searching for.

What happens in the next stage of this peace deal is unclear.

The agreement has left Gaza in a tense limbo. Washington knows how fragile the situation is - the ceasefire has faltered twice already.

The US is pushing hard to move on from this volatile stand-off to a more durable peace. It has sent a draft resolution to UN Security Council members, seen by the BBC, which outlines a two-year mandate for an international stabilisation force to take over Gaza's security and disarm Hamas.

But details of this next stage of the deal are thin: it's not clear which countries would send troops to secure Gaza ahead of Hamas disarmament, when Israel's troops will withdraw, or how the members of Gaza's new technocratic administration will be appointed.

President Trump has outlined his vision of Gaza as a futuristic Middle Eastern hub, built with foreign investment. It's a far cry from where Gaza is today.

Largely destroyed by Israel, and seen as an investment by Trump, the question is not just who can stop the fighting, but how much say Gazans will have in the future of their communities and lands.

Broadcaster Jeremy Vine has told a court that being called a "bike nonce" in posts on social media by former footballer Joey Barton left him "completely devastated".

Ex-Man City player Mr Barton is alleged to have "crossed the line between free speech and a crime" with messages he posted on X about the TV and radio presenter, as well as football commentators Lucy Ward and Eni Aluko.

Mr Barton, 43, who has 2.7 million followers on the platform, is on trial at Liverpool Crown Court and denies 12 counts of sending a grossly offensive electronic communication with intent to cause distress or anxiety.

Mr Vine told the trial the posts left him having "sleepless nights" and feeling "scared and upset".

'Very vicious'

The court heard Mr Vine replied on on 8 January 2024 to a post Mr Barton had made on X that likened Ms Aluko and Ms Ward to the "Fred and Rose West of football commentary", after an FA Cup tie between Crystal Palace and Everton.

Peter Wright KC, prosecuting, asked Mr Vine about why he became engaged in the conversation.

Mr Vine told the court: "I thought it was very vicious to post their faces over two mass murderers of children.

"I was looking for an explanation and said about a brain injury as a way of underlining my own feelings that he had crossed a line."

Simon Csoka KC, defending, said: "Are you genuinely raising concern about Mr Barton having a head injury or are you taking the mick?"

Mr Vine responded: "I'm raising it by giving it that level of insight, which is kind of the thing on social media."

The court also heard Mr Vine was made to "feel physically unsafe" after he claimed Mr Barton had posted a picture of his address online.

He said: "I genuinely believe what Barton did made me physically unsafe. I took some advice about my security. I varied my movements. I didn't want to communicate the dangers [to my daughters].

"Because of this cloud of filth Barton had released I had to explain to them. I can only summarise by saying I believe these messages put me in physical danger."

Mr Barton, from Widnes, Cheshire, denies the alleged offences said to have been committed between January and March last year.

As well as Manchester City, Mr Barton also played for Newcastle United, Queens Park Rangers, Burnley and Marseilles before he moved into management after his retirement.

He was sacked from his most recent role of manager at Bristol Rovers in October 2023 after almost three years in charge.

The trial continues.

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The brother of the Southport killer has told the public inquiry into the dance class stabbings he believes his sibling may have targeted children because it would "hurt society particularly badly".

Axel Rudakubana, then 17, killed three children at a Taylor Swift-themed event in the Merseyside town on 29 July 2024.

Dion Rudakubana, 21, gave evidence from a secure location via videolink for a second day at the inquiry, sitting at Liverpool Town Hall.

Asked about his brother's motivation for the attack, he said: "Children are very valuable to society in they are society's future. This is only a thought I have had in retrospect."

He told the inquiry he was upstairs on the morning of the attack when he saw his brother leave the house wearing a face mask.

Dion said he did not believe his brother had left the house since March 2022, when he was arrested on a bus with a knife.

He told the inquiry he "got a bit nervous initially".

Richard Boyle, counsel to the inquiry, asked: "Your worry was that he wasn't going on a walk, but would go out to carry out an attack?"

Dion replied: "Initially, potentially, yes."

He said he became less worried as his parents appeared to believe his brother had simply gone for a walk.

He said shortly afterwards his mother showed him packaging from a knife, said to have been found in the washing machine.

In a statement, Dion said there were no discussions about contacting the police at that point.

"I did not believe he intended to harm anyone and thought if he was carrying a knife it was to protect himself, not to harm others," he said.

Asked if he should have contacted police over his fears, he said: "It was not sufficient for me to do so."

Dion told the inquiry he had returned home from university on 26 July last year and his father told him his brother had done "something bad".

He said he could not remember when his father explained he had stopped his brother as he attempted to take a taxi to his former school, Range High School, on 22 July.

He said: "The reason why he gave any information at all about this was because he was telling me to be careful around him."

The inquiry heard in a message to a friend on 27 July, Dion explained what his father had told him, writing: "Your brother is dangerous. He can kill you."

He said: "I don't think he directly said that 'he can kill you' but rather indicated there was a threat to life and I felt that."

In a statement given to the inquiry, Dion also said he was and continues to be "devastated and deeply saddened by the immense pain, anguish and grief my brother inflicted".

The inquiry later heard from the killer's father Alphonse Rudakubana, who was asked about what information he shared with different agencies about his son's "destructive" behaviour at home.

On several occasions Rudakubana had made outbursts in which he threatened to kill his father, the inquiry heard.

Nicholas Moss KC, counsel to the inquiry read from a statement given to the inquiry by Mr Rudakubana, which told how his son's "attitude and behaviour at home can be very frightening".

Around this time, his father remembered how his son had "poured a significant quantity of oil" over his head and threatened to kill him "in very menacing terms".

Mr Moss asked what he meant by menacing terms.

Mr Rudakubana said his son had appeared to be in some kind of "mental pain" beforehand.

He said: "He came in front of me, he was poking me in my chest, saying if you get me out of here, in this house, it may take a week, it may be a month, maybe years, but trust me I will kill you."

He said the reference to leaving the house was from a comment around a week earlier when he had suggested that in the future his son would have to live in a separate house.

Mr Moss reads from Mr Rudakubana's statement, which said he and his wife were "very scared" of his son.

Mr Rudukabana also said the family "felt kind of lonely" after settling in the UK following the Rwandan genocide of the 1990s.

He said: "We made a decision to wait until they grow up and understand and be less affected. I was surprised - they came home and were talking about the genocide in Rwanda both of them, they were learning about it in school.

"We then told them a few things we thought they can handle."

He said he did not believe this discussion affected his family life in the UK.

"I think what affected them was that we were a small family with two friends from Rwanda [in the UK]," he said.

"They could see that we are kind of lonely compared to their peers, their friends from school. So they'll see that we are in a foreign land even thought they were born here."

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The Prince of Wales has followed in his mother's footsteps with a visit to the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro.

Prince William stood in the same spot that Diana, Princess of Wales, was photographed in 34 years ago.

He is on the third day of his five-day visit to Brazil, where he will be presenting the Earthshot Prize, the annual award from the charity he set up.

The star-studded event will be held in Rio's Museum of Tomorrow on Wednesday evening, where Kylie Minogue and Shawn Mendes will perform as five projects win £1m.

The prince is also scheduled to give a speech at COP30, the UN's annual climate meeting.

On a picture perfect day, the future king stood alone in a moment of reflection as he took in the views of Rio de Janeiro from the top of Mount Corcovado where Christ the Redeemer stands.

The iconic and imposing statue is one of the largest Art Deco sculptures in the world, standing at 30 metres tall and reaching 28 metres wide with its outstretched arms.

It has become a symbol of hope and resilience and is said to protect the people of Rio.

Princess Diana posed in the same spot in April 1991 during her six-day tour of Brazil with the now King Charles III.

During Prince William's walkabouts in Rio, dozens of people spoke to him about his late mother, who died in August 1997.

"The prince has loved meeting so many people from across Rio over the last few days," said a spokesperson for the prince.

"He's been incredibly struck by the number of people who fondly remember his mother's visit to this beautiful city."

At Christ the Redeemer, Prince William also had some time away from the cameras in the chapel that sits beneath the statue.

Security has been high throughout his trip.

Public access to the statue was temporarily suspended to allow him to visit the site and meet the 15 Earthshot Prize finalists ahead of the evening's awards ceremony.

The shortlist this year includes the city of Guangzhou in China and its electric public transport network, Lagos Fashion Week in Nigeria, nominated for its work reshaping the fashion industry, and Barbados for its environmental leadership.

The prize annually awards a £1m grant in five different categories to projects that aim to repair the world's climate.

UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer will join the prince for the ceremony before they both head to Belem in the Amazon rainforest for COP30, where world leaders will discuss how to limit and pepare for further climate change.

Prince William's first day in Brazil involved football in the Maracana Stadium and barefoot beach volleyball on Copacabana.

On Tuesday, focus shifted to the environment - his reason for visiting the country.

The prince criticised criminals for their involvment in the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest during a speech at the United for Wildlife conference.

He also travelled to the small island of Paqueta, where he met locals, learnt about mangrove conservation and planted tree saplings.

At least nine people have died and 11 left injured after a UPS cargo plane crashed while taking off from an international airport in Louisville, Kentucky, on Tuesday evening.

Aviation experts who spoke to BBC Verify believe the plane crashed after one engine failed and another appeared to be damaged during take-off.

It is unclear what caused the plane to crash, prompting a massive fireball to erupt after it failed to take-off from the runway. Footage showed fire had already engulfed one wing of the aircraft while it was attempting to take off, which may have spread through the plane and caused the explosion, or the jet could have caught fire after colliding with an object on the ground.

What is apparent is that the 38,000 gallons (144,000 litres) of fuel on board the MD-11 jet needed for the flight likely escalated the blaze, which quickly spread to several buildings beyond the runway and burned for hours.

BBC Verify has been analysing footage that emerged overnight to piece together how the crash unfolded.

How did it start?

UPS uses Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport as a distribution hub for its global operations and its Flight 2976 was at the start of a 4,300 mile journey to Honolulu in Hawaii when the cargo plane attempted to take off.

Data from tracking website FlightRadar24 shows the plane began to taxi along the 17R runway at around 17:15 local time (22:15 GMT) and managed to reach a top speed of 214mph (344km/h).

But verified footage shows that by the time the plane reached this speed a fire had completely engulfed its left wing and the aircraft failed to gain altitude before the massive explosion.

Officials issued a shelter-in-place order to local residents and scrambled hundreds of firefighters to the scene.

Governor Andy Beshear confirmed details seen in CCTV footage that shows the aircraft flying just metres off the ground before a bright flash engulfed the plane. It is then seen slamming into the ground as a huge fireball erupts around it about a minute into its journey.

Verified clips taken by motorists on a nearby highway showed the flames erupting into the skyline while later videos showed smoke billowing from the scene.

Aerial images broadcast by local media showed debris showering the runway and landing on the roofs of at least two local businesses.

What could have caused the crash?

Air traffic control communications reviewed by BBC Verify are largely garbled and full of interference so no meaningful conversation can be heard about the crash as it unfolded.

But analysts who spoke to BBC Verify suggested that a dramatic failure of two of the engines may have been responsible for the disaster.

The MD-11 transport plane uses three engines. Two are mounted under the wings, and a third is built into the tail at the base of the vertical stabilizer.

Footage confirmed by BBC Verify showed a blaze engulfing the left wing of the plane, which then tilted to the left as it attempted to gain lift and take-off.

Two experts independently suggested the left engine may have detached from the plane after suffering from a mechanical or structural failure.

Separate images taken after the crash showed a charred engine sitting on the grass next to the runway at Louisville International Airport.

Terry Tozer, a retired airline pilot and aviation safety expert, told BBC Verify that it was "almost unheard of" for an engine to detach in flight.

He referenced the 1979 American Airlines Flight 191 disaster, in which 273 people were killed after the plane's engine detached as it took off at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. Parts of the engine had been damaged when it was replaced on the plane, but Mr Tozer said it was too early to say whether a similar fault caused the engine to detatch on the M-11.

Mr Tozer said the cargo plane would have been able to fly with just two engines but the damage caused by the fire on the left wing was likely so great it caused the plane's third engine to lose thrust.

"With such a catastrophic event we cannot know what other damage was done when the engine came adrift," he said.

Marco Chan, a senior lecturer in aviation operations at Buckinghamshire New University, said the footage appeared to show the third engine had been damaged because it expelled a burst of smoke. The damage could have happened while it was pelted with debris from the fire and the engine detatching.

"The upper engine that expelled a puff of smoke appears to wind down almost immediately afterwards," Mr Chan said. "That left only the right engine producing thrust, creating a severe power imbalance and leaving the aircraft unable to gain height.

"Losing two engines during take-off leaves the aircraft with only a third of its power and little chance of maintaining flight, especially at maximum take-off weight," Mr Chan added.

Why did the crash cause such damage?

Footage from the aftermath of the crash showed a scene of complete chaos with multiple fires blazing across a large swathe of the site and smoke billowing into the sky.

The plane, which was 34 years old and had been used as a passenger plane until 2006, had already completed one return journey from Louisville on Tuesday to Baltimore in Maryland.

It has not been confirmed what cargo was on board the flight bound for Hawaii, though officials said the plane was not carrying anything that would create a heightened risk of contamination.

"This was a long-haul cargo flight from Louisville to Honolulu, so the MD-11 was carrying a lot of jet fuel," Mr Chan said. "That heavy fuel load not only reduced performance but also explains the large fireball seen after the crash."

Officials told reporters that the aircraft was carrying 38,000 gallons (144,000 litres) of fuel for the long journey when it crashed. The blaze was likely amplified on the ground because the aircraft slammed into a fuel recycling business next to the airport.

Mr Chan said investigators will now focus on how the initial fire began, and "whether debris struck the centre engine, and whether earlier maintenance on the left engine played a role". He added: "Weather conditions were calm and clear, so environmental factors are unlikely."

The National Transportation Safety Board (NSTB) has sent a team to the site and will now lead the investigation into the causes of the crash, though this can take up to two years to complete.

Additional reporting by Emma Pengelly, Kayleen Devlin and Paul Brown.

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