Indebted workers, facing brutal working conditions, are pushed to get hysterectomies as a treatment for routine ailments. Sugar mills disclaim responsibility.

© Saumya Khandelwal for The New York Times

President-elect Donald J. Trump threatened to impose tariffs on countries that seek to replace the dollar in trade or undermine its global reserve currency status.

The United States can no longer depend on the loyalty of its friends.

Times foreign correspondents describe what’s at stake for China, Israel, Ukraine, global trade and climate.

Donald J. Trump has said he would transform America’s relationship with allies and adversaries. He has pledged to end the war in Ukraine in 24 hours, increase tariffs and deport millions.

Days ahead of the U.N.’s global negotiations on climate change, China and other developing countries said trade restrictions should be part of the talks.

At a meeting of emerging economies, Vladimir Putin positioned himself as a respected and powerful leader, ignoring the condemnation he receives from the West.

A meeting between the two leaders comes just two days after they settled a tense border dispute in the Himalayas. But experts said their long-term geopolitical rivalry would persist.

The Russian leader wants to cast himself as a global statesman, even as the U.S. and its Western allies try to isolate him.

Four years ago, several soldiers from both sides were killed in a bloody melee. Any thaw between the countries could have global implications.

The Russian leader hopes to use the meeting of the so-called BRICS group, which includes China and India, as a counterweight to the West.

A surge in power use worldwide could make it harder for nations to slash emissions and keep global warming in check.