每日一语 2025.1.8
六代战机是咋用的心里要有数~
六代战机是咋用的心里要有数~
翻了下去年,2023 年其实没有写过年终总结,但是 2024 年更新的 blog 实在太少了,得写些什么来证明过完了这一年。看到其他 blog 有写按月份来总结的,实在是很丰富。
一月(keywords——生活)开始去图书馆,和朋友 social,逛店,喝咖啡,晒太阳。给老爸的车去保养。
二月(健康)刚开始即发烧。人生第一次烫发,坐了三小时才完成,头发卷了好多,烫过之后发色有点变,对于我来说不用管那么多,不太会炸毛了。过年前陪妈妈去 Outlets 逛逛,过年前很是热闹。带上海回来的表姐去她没去过的故乡的地方逛逛。大年初五一个人在家,大晚上胃痛去急诊,折腾一宿。想给iPhone 12 mini 换电池,结果撬坏外屏,去修,技术差的师傅给我内屏弄碎😅参加朋友婚礼。
三月(开始训练)收到 MBO 骑行服时候,人很胖,穿进去很紧,到赛季的时候,已经稍微有点大了。在晚上泡图书馆,晚上的人很少。去健身房上力量训练课比较多。三月末去上海做了 Fitting,结果很失败。导致清明节假期又跑了一次去,结果还是浪费时间精力。还买了好多条 Bibshorts 来一条条试。
四月(春)肩膀疤痕增生又开始发痒,难受,去医院的整形外科打了盐酸利多卡因,醋酸曲安奈德,氟尿嘧啶注射,做疤痕软化治疗。继续泡 GYM。四月末加入了一个新的骑车组织,下半年都是代表群里参加比赛。
五月(尝试)又去了趟上海,去看自行车展,刚回去就收到了台湾寄过来的展会同款车架😄第一批骑上新车啦。找朋友友情价装车。第一次尝试筋膜刀,痛的要喊出来。
六月(车祸)刚开始就摄影骑(群里组织花钱请摄影师来),汽车后轮扎穿,换了两条米其林 PRIMACY 4 ST。骑车下山和上山的汽车对向撞,好在人没啥事,保险纠纷直到 2024 年结束还没完结。给老妈的车子做保养。和现在的女朋友第一次喝酒(也是今年第一次)。正常行驶被撞,去修理,等 4s 缺货的骨架到八月。
七月(车生活)有几次夜骑,陪女朋友试驾,她请我吃意大利菜。规律骑台子训练,每天中午吃牛肉面(特意跑到好远的地方)。第二次烫发,卷曲度没有第一次那么高(助手操作),第一次女朋友家过夜。中旬第二次中招新冠,没恢复好就高强度运动,复发。陪女朋友过生日。汽车又扎胎,好在用蘑菇钉补住了。在支付宝上续保车险,拒绝销售套路和骚扰(一天几个推销电话是真的烦)。陪女朋友练车(还在她爸妈面前)。认识新的骑友,帮我们拍了很棒的照片,是我目前最喜欢的。
八月(亲人逝去),Garmin 540 已经记不清是第几次坏了,寄回去换,目前还 OK。朋友老婆胆结石住院,大晚上的去探望。和女朋友开新车去自驾游,一起骑车。每周末在她家做饭吃。月末,外公走了,第一次看着至亲离去,无奈,悲伤,可这就是人生。
九月(赛季开始),新 iPhone首批到手体验了下,还是继续用 iPhone 14 Pro。买了件 MAAP Jersey,当是自己的生日礼物。开始参加比赛,生日那天刚好参加了第二场爬坡赛。
十月(出远门)和朋友在国庆假期去临安骑车,虽然路上花了很久时间,骑是骑爽了,回来非常堵。去 4s 店保养,和他们关系好,相当于不花钱有了四次保养。开始自己动手做饭。继续参加比赛。
十一月(奔波)参加朋友的婚礼,大概是最后一次当伴郎了,太太太累了。一天忙完当晚就开车去千岛湖参加比赛,连轴转。当晚还没睡好,第二天吊着一口气在比赛。汽车前轮也寿终正寝了(才一万多公里),换了两条米其林 Energy Tour MI 瀚越。被蜂蛰伤,肿的很厉害,去医院挂针。之前在高速上超速,出了隧道,限速 80 km/h 开了 120 km/h,扣完 12 分,驾照直接被暂扣,重新「满分学习」折腾好久。又扎胎,差点没法补救,极限在侧壁补了个蘑菇钉。
十二月(依旧奔波)第一天倒车被邻居关门,火大死,车门就刮蹭了,又去修车等了好多天,第一次开回来很破的代步车。满分学习后拿回驾照。第三次烫发。和女友去杭州自驾游。轮组出问题,反复修,跑了快十次,最后寄到杭州才解决。去洗了个牙,支付宝铂金会员,免费,居然还不错,服务也很好。年末参加完最后一场比赛了,收拾下房间,整理下好多年前的杂志,满满的回忆。然后去上海跨了个年。
《睡眠革命》看完受益匪浅,要看第二次
《公路车圣经第五版》在赛季初看的,后来重温一遍,信息量实在大,没有精通,需要不断的翻阅学习
《自行车功率训练完全指南》也是 Joe 老爷子的著作,也是不得不看的书
《功率计在自行车训练和竞赛中的应用》属于功率训练的高阶著作,虽然完书时间很早,国内翻译还落后一个版本,但很多概念还是不懂,需要反复反复反复看
《余生皆假期》看的第一本伊坂幸太郎的书,睡不着看完的,挺不错,脑洞很大
《两分铜币》看的第一本江户川乱步的小说,一个世纪前的著作了,这部短篇很棒,其余几篇就一般啦
每期不落,周更的《新闻酸菜馆》。在《知行小酒馆》学点理财知识。《津津乐道》系列更新的不多,听中年人讲干货。《端闻》(端传媒新闻播客)听的也挺多。《日坛公园》的讲日本离奇案件,打发开车无聊时光。短短三十分钟的《商业就是这样》听了好几期。最早听的播客——《疯投圈》,近年来质量有所下滑。不过更新不多,还是可以一听的。
《异形.夺命舰》
毫无疑问,本年度头把交椅,全程无尿点的恐怖,开启了这一系列的探索
《哈利.波特与魔法石》
情怀加分,支持重映
《双城之战第二季》
时隔好多年等来第二季,比第一季更深刻。前面几集有些拖沓了,第五集开始升华,信息量增大,特别是第六集,这个剧情绝了,好久没有看过这么虐的剧了,结局也很棒,至少这一季 Jinx 是牺牲了,之前都是蔚救 Jinx,之前平行世界里都是蔚牺牲,结局却恰好相反。
《周处除三害》
少有的可以在内地上映的台湾影片,走暴力美学的片,有闽南语的口白,全片暴力血腥,还有邪教片段,在两岸关系越来越恶化的今天也属实难得。以前也没看过阮经天的电影,这部电影算是认识他了吧。饰演女主的王净很惊艳。P.S. 看第二遍的时候才发现警察陈灰的右眼是义眼,对应开头被陈桂林用烛台打瞎眼
《胆大党》
很少看番剧,但这部真的很惊艳,开场的 opening(op)很洗脑,很甜很虐很劲爆,就是汉化版有修改,如第九集的女生泳装被加上了「安全裤」的修改。就算如此还是躲不开女拳的出击,豆瓣评分被刷低,这一集更新完等 2025 年 7 月上第二季,短短二十几分钟不够看的。
《绅士们》 The Gentlemen
盖里奇导的剧集,和别的英剧一样,穿着优雅,座驾和宅邸都是 luxury,但是行为风格非常的盖里奇,暴力血腥,几乎没有性爱镜头,覆盖受众更多点。全剧的全部张力在第六集才开始,有点晚了,前面几集感觉节奏没掌握好,甚至有弃坑的可能,打个及格分,全片最大的看点就是邪恶(主角团)笑到了最后,这片里就没有所谓的正派角色。看着控制拳赛那个柯林斯交了钱还被灭口,属实有点惨。
《黑袍纠察队第四季》
一如既往的血浆不要钱,简单粗暴,总怕祖国人不知道什么时候就用激光射爆人,和前几集相比缺乏故事性,没有核心剧情,烂尾了。主线叙事,拯救 Ryan 的故事时有时无,如果不是前面四季看下来肯定要弃坑了。最后一集,Butcher 终于「觉醒」,这技能直接把上一季最强大的爆头女干掉,然后又挖了个坑,祖国人还是没干掉……当然对第五季的期待肯定会低很多。
《破.地狱》
在影院观影,女性观众居多,也是观影体验比较好的一次,没有人说话,没有人玩手机,可能小众题材的受众都是真实影迷。电影本身探讨的是亲情,人的关系,死亡与爱。本身对「破地狱」这个仪式着墨不多,影片最后升华出现一下点一下题。在导演剪辑手法中,这个仪式就像一场 show,跳跃篝火的那刹那似乎像跨越了生死,全片张力拉满,达到高潮。黄子华真的是老戏骨,六十多岁了你说他四十多岁我都信,当然演员都有他的固定演绎风格,看过之前的毒舌大状也有相似观感。看过琼瑶那样的真实故事,会发现破地狱真的是超度活人的。
《流人第四季》
很喜欢这类英伦片,每集成本居然高达 1.2 亿美元,夸张。除了枪林弹雨的场景拍的有些门外汉和不符合逻辑,别的都还不错。比前面几季会差一点,主要是 River 和他爹的关系的设定让我有点难以接受。
《误判》
平安夜在影院看的,还不错的爽片,除了男主实在太正直,太圣母,不过这是有真实故事做支撑的。打戏略微不够长,最后剩两个 boss 没有一战高低有点可惜,可以看。是一部披着律政片皮的动作片。
《鱿鱼游戏第二季》
还是把他放在这里,毕竟刚看完印象深。花了两个失眠的夜晚看完,MPV 和 IINA 居然都不支持杜比视界,用 Infuse 和 VidHub 这种订阅制软件观影体验佳。比起它本身,没有第一季精彩,有点拖拉,第三集开始才进入主题。毕竟本质是个玩游戏的剧,这一季第一个游戏和之前一样,已经审美疲劳。这一季反派李秉宪扮演的角色成为主角了,戏份多起来了,亲自下场游戏,但是埋的彩蛋和扣子太多,不知道第三季怎么收场,恐怕最后也是烂尾。
也没啥特别在听的,随便听听,能马上说出来的是 Kenny G 的一些流行向的萨克斯音乐,坂本龙一的 Merry Christmas Mr.Lawrence,张学友的一些老歌,宇多田光,玉置浩二的歌也是一直在循环。明年尝试下以专辑分类来听。
今年也有段时间沉迷游戏,但总体还不错,控制总时间还短,玩过三角洲部队 PC 和手游都有,没怎么玩过 3A 大作,我也是第一次体验战术 FPS。还有《无畏契约》,浅尝辄止了一下,不能跑打,很不适应。也不明白为啥那么多人玩,热度那么高。新一年不玩游戏,多看书。
今年没有出过远门,都是开车自驾游,开车里程差不多有 1.5w 公里,年末本来想去日本,后来考虑到赛季安排以及今年支出比较多就作罢,放到明年吧。
放几张 2024 年最后一天的上海夜景:
今年又是躺平的一年,收入减少了,开支更多了,基金和之前买东西都有亏损,不过不算难过,放平心态,克制自己的欲望,达到一种心理上的盈亏平衡。
整理好自己的情绪,给自己平复心情消化的时间。有什么要做的事情马上去做,不要拖延。没有什么事是天会塌下来的,调整心态很要紧。凡事留有余地,不要暴饮暴食,尽量规律作息,睡眠是稳定的一切。大家新年快乐!
传统网格员通常是外派人员,工作范围广,职责不够明确,且不一定是本地居民,对当地社会不够熟悉。相比之下,乡村综合治理员由村民推选产生,在当地拥有扎实的社交网络与社会威望,能够得到大多数村民的信任。
乡村综合治理员的固定工资每月在1800元至2200元之间,在当地经济条件下已属较高水平。总体来看,固定工资加上与工作成果挂钩的奖励机制,较为有效地调动了乡村综合治理员的积极性。
南方周末记者 翟星理 南方周末实习生 杜培
责任编辑:钱炜
2022年7月,研究团队在云南D县一户居民家中调研。(受访者提供)
基层治理是国家治理的基石。网格化管理作为一种典型实践,通过细化管理单元,显著提升基层政府对社区事务的响应能力。这项制度实践短短数年间风行全国。
然而,在一些地区,居民之间依赖长期形成的人情关系网络构建生活秩序,与行政主导的网格化治理模式存在冲突,如何协调两种网络之间的关系,需要发挥地方政府的治理智慧。
云南大学特聘教授、博士生导师郭台辉长期关注基层治理,一直谋划在该领域寻找实际案例展开研究。他的团队里有一名成员来自云南D县,便推荐团队关注自己的家乡。
在D县进行了三次实地调研之后,郭台辉的研究团队发现,网格员上报的信息质量比较差,当地村民在解决事务时的积极性也不高。
当地政府一直在寻求对策,直到2022年4月,该县开启了基层治理模式的改革,引入乡村综合治理员来代替网格员。
与后者相比,前者是当地人,有丰富的人情资源和社会资源。这些基层“达人”“能人”迸发出远超网格员的工作热情,使D县的基层治理成效焕然一新。
基于这些研究,郭台辉与他的博士生牛朝佳将研究成果形成学术论文《科层制嵌入“人情网”的基层治理机制创新——以D县为案例》(科层制也称官僚制,社会学术语),发表在《治理研究》2024年第6期。
以下是南方周末记者和郭台辉、牛朝佳的对话。
南方周末:为什么选择云南省D县作为研究案例?
郭台辉:我们关注到D县的基层治理,和它独特的区位有关,适合用来作为一个案例,反思全国风行的网格化治理模式。
D县地处世界自然遗产“三江并流”核心区,属于山区农业县,财政高度依赖转移支付,其转移支付水平远超全国和云南省的平均值。这可能反映出当地经济基础薄弱,基层治理在财政支持上面临着较大的挑战。另外,D县的民族文化多样性比较强,且社会人员流动性非常弱,几乎没有外来人口,社会内部的人情关系紧密,形成了独特的社会生态。
我们关注的是,为什么在这样一个资源匮乏、民族文化多样性突出的复杂环境中,D县能够实现比较有效的基层治理。
南方周末:能否简单介绍一下你们的研究方法?
牛朝佳:我们采用定性研究方法,主要通过访谈法和数据收集来挖掘案例背后的治理机制和深层次原因。从2022年6月到2023年2月,我们先后进行了三次实地调研,共访谈了六十多人,涵盖村民、乡村综合治理员、村两委干部、乡镇
校对:吴依兰
A wildfire that started in the Pacific Palisades area of Los Angeles on Tuesday morning has spread across the west of the city at an alarming rate throughout Tuesday and overnight.
High winds and very dry conditions further fuelled the flames, causing the blaze to rip through neighbourhoods at alarming speeds. The fires reportedly spread from a size of 10 acres to nearly 3,000 in a matter of hours.
Firefighters have been battling the flames throughout the night, as residents were forced to flee amid evacuation orders affecting tens of thousands of people.
Photographers have captured dramatic scenes across the west of the city as firefighters work to control the fires.
The BBC's Regan Morris reported on fires raging out of control, leaving those without power and phone signal unable to receive updates on the latest evacuation alerts.
Meanwhile, CBS reporter Jonathan Vigliotti said firefighters were no longer "trying to save" houses in the Palisades, "they're trying to prevent these flames from jumping to other neighbourhoods".
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has said Russia is closely monitoring the situation, after US President-elect Donald Trump refused to rule out military action to take Greenland from Denmark.
Peskov said the Arctic was in Russia's "sphere of national and strategic interests and it is interested in peace and stability there".
Trump's remarks on Greenland - a largely autonomous Danish territory - have drawn a warning from European leaders.
EU foreign affairs chief Kaja Kallas has stressed that "we have to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Greenland", and Germany's Olaf Scholz has made clear that "borders must not be moved by force".
Trump said earlier this week that the US needed both Denmark and the Panama Canal "for economic security", and refused to rule out using either economic or military force in taking them over.
He also referred to the border with Canada as an "artificially drawn line". Denmark and Canada are both close Nato allies of the US.
Dmitry Peskov said Trump's claims were a matter for the US, Denmark and other nations, but Russia was watching the "rather dramatic" situation surrounding his remarks. "We are present in the Arctic zone, and we will continue to be present there," he said.
Outgoing US Secretary of State Antony Blinken sought to dampen concern about the president-elect's remarks during a visit to Paris: "The idea is... obviously not a good one, but maybe more important, it's obviously one that's not going to happen."
About 56,000 people live in Greenland, and it is home to US as well as Danish military bases. It also has considerable untapped mineral and oil wealth.
Greenland Prime Minister Mute Egede has been pushing for independence, although the territory's economy relies heavily on Danish subsidies.
Both he and the Danish leader have emphasised that it is "not for sale" and that its future is in the hands of Greenlanders themselves.
UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy played down Trump's comments, although he acknowledged the "intensity of his rhetoric and the unpredictability sometimes of what he said can be destabilising".
Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen has said Copenhagen has a clear interest in ensuring that the US - "absolutely its closest ally" - plays a key role at a time of rising tensions in the North Atlantic, particularly involving Russia.
The European Commission said Trump's threat to Greenland was "extremely theoretical" and "wildly hypothetical", considering he was not yet in office.
However, it has confirmed that Greenland, as an overseas territory, does come under a mutual assistance clause requiring all EU states to come to its aid in case of attack.
The Kremlin ridiculed the European response, suggesting it was reacting "very timidly... almost in a whisper".
Last week, Greenland's leader said the territory should free itself from "the shackles of colonialism", although he made no mention of the US.
A former Greenland foreign minister, Pele Broberg, who now heads the biggest opposition party, told the BBC that most Greenlanders he talked to believed the US was vital for their defence and safety.
"We are part of the North American continent, that's why the defence of the US is in such a great place with regards to Greenland, because we create a buffer zone that doesn't need to be militarised."
He has called for a "free association agreement" with the US covering trade and defence which would give Greenland independence but hand the US responsibility for security.
Trump's allies have reinforced his views on Greenland.
Keith Kellogg, chosen by Trump to bring an end to the war in Ukraine, said a lot of the president-elect's remarks on Greenland made sense, "putting the United States in a position of global leadership".
Republican congressman Mike Walz told Fox News that the issue was "not just about Greenland, this is about the Arctic", because Russia was trying to take control of the polar region, with its mineral and natural resources.
"Denmark can be a great ally, but you can't treat Greenland, which they have operational control over, as some kind of backwater - it's in the Western hemisphere."
Indian authorities say they have arrested a Canadian man at Delhi airport for carrying a crocodile skull in his luggage.
The 32-year-old man was at the airport on Monday to catch his flight to Canada when he was first stopped during security check.
"Upon examination, a skull with sharp teeth, resembling the jaw of a baby crocodile, weighing approximately 777g (1.71lb), was discovered wrapped in a cream-colored cloth," Delhi customs said in a statement on Thursday.
The man was arrested and the skull was handed over to the Department of Forests and Wildlife, they said.
Officials said the possession of crocodile skull violated India's wildlife protection law and its Customs Act.
An analysis of the skull by the Department of Forests and Wildlife found that it belonged to a species protected under India's Wildlife Protection Act.
"The texture, tooth pattern, well-developed bony palate, and nostrils confirmed the item as the skull of a baby crocodile," they said.
A forest official told the Times of India newspaper that the man had allegedly bought the skull from Thailand.
"The man did not possess the mandatory permission required to carry wildlife items," forest officer Rajesh Tandon said.
The man also told officers he had not hunted or killed the crocodile, the Hindustan Times reports.
Further tests are being carried out to identify the exact sub-species of the animal.
Meanwhile, Delhi customs says a case has been registered against the man and an investigation is under way.
Last year, a 32-year-old Canadian woman was stopped at Delhi airport after she was found to have horns of an unidentified animal in her luggage. The woman told officials she had picked them up during a trek in the northern Ladakh region and decided to take them back as a souvenir.
冷战结束后,乌克兰放弃了核武库,以换取安全保证。现在许多乌克兰人对这个决定感到后悔。如今要如何才能让乌克兰感到安全,免受俄罗斯的侵略呢?
(德国之声中文网)美国候任总统特朗普已多次表示,要将巴拿马运河置于美国的控制之下。而巴拿马政府则一再重申,运河的主权“不容讨论”。于是,连接太平洋和大西洋的巴拿马运河,突然间成了全球舆论关注的焦点。
巴拿马运河是谁建的?
特朗普表示,世人不应忘记,是美国人在一百多年前修建了巴拿马运河,并为这个改变人类海运业的工程付出了惨重的生命代价。1914年以前,从大西洋前往太平洋的船只,必须绕行整个南美洲,整个航程历时数月,而且航道十分危险。巴拿马运河修通之后,航程被大大缩短,现在只需8到10小时,就能完成在两大洋之间的穿梭。
特朗普前不久声称,1904年至1914年开凿巴拿马运河的过程中,共有35000名至38000名“美国男子”丧生。事实上,修筑运河的过程中,疟疾、黄热病、施工事故以及其他原因,的确造成了数千人死亡,但特朗普提供的数据却是无从考证的。
官方数字显示,运河建造过程中大约有5600人死亡,当然实际数字可能会更高。不过,运河工地上的大多数工人主要来自巴巴多斯。《死亡峡谷-为修建巴拿马运河而战》一书的作者帕克( Matthew Parker)认为,整个修建过程中,大约有三百名美国工人丧生。
特朗普有可能是将美国人的巴拿马运河工程和此前法国人开凿运河的失败经历混为一谈了。1880年代,法国人曾尝试修建巴拿马运河,并为此付出了两万至两万五千人的生命代价,不过,这些死难者当中并没有一名美国人。
为什么运河现在由巴拿马人掌管?
运河开通后,美国在此经营了数十年之久。1977年,时任美国总统的吉米·卡特批准逐步将运河控制权移交给巴拿马政府。相关条约规定,运河将保持中立,向所有国家的船只开放。美国还保留了保卫该水道不受任何威胁的权利。 1999年,美国完成了从巴拿马的撤军行动。运河自此由巴拿马城政府管理。现在,特朗普指责“中国的优秀士兵”正在非法经营这条运河。巴拿马总统穆里诺(Jose Raul Mulino) 则驳斥特朗普的说法纯属无稽之谈。今年一月,穆里诺表示:“谢天谢地,运河里并没有中国士兵。”
尽管没有任何迹象能证明中国在巴拿马地区的军事存在,但令一些美国观察家不安的是,巴拿马两座港口已经交由香港长江和记实业公司所管理,这有可能会导致美国过往船只的数据被泄露。此外,巴拿马与中国政府合资在运河上建造新桥也引起了华盛顿的关注。
为何巴拿马运河如此重要?
管理方表示,每年约有13000至14000艘船只穿过全长82公里的运河。每天数十艘的过往船只借助闸门、水道和水库,被提升最高26米,然后再在运河另一端逐渐降至海平面。
穿过运河时,船只需根据大小缴纳费用。美国、中国和日本是巴拿马运河的主要客户,而巴拿马运河货运量的72%都同美国有关,要么是从美国港口运出的货物,要么则是正在运往美国的货物。
前不久,受干旱天气影响,巴拿马运河管理方减少了通行船只数量,并同时提高了费用。2024年财政年度,巴拿马运河的运营净利润为34.5亿美元。
由于巴拿马运河的通行业务中美国的占比极高,因此,运河涨价自然也会对美国经济造成冲击。今年12月,特朗普指责巴拿马当局“漫天要价”,简直是一种“宰客”行为。
美国能收回运河吗?
1977年由美国总统卡特签署的协议中规定,巴拿马必须保持中立,也就是说,巴拿马当局不得向为美国运送货物的船只提供特殊优惠。不过,可以想象的是,在特朗普政府的压力之下,巴拿马当局会普遍下调船只通行费,下次出现危机时,也不会轻易提价。
另一种可能选项则是,美国派兵进入巴拿马,恢复对运河的军事控制。1989年底,美国曾出兵巴拿马,推翻了军事独裁者、中央情报局前特工诺列加( Manuel Noriega)。
美国出兵后扶持起来的巴拿马新政府取消了该国的军队。目前,巴拿马只拥有一支小规模民兵武装。
迄今为止,美国候任总统特朗普并没有排除以军事手段解决“巴拿马问题”的选项。
© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。
(德国之声中文网)人类命运共同体?中共的一个谎言。
首先,从命名权看,这是一个谎言。新年送大礼,人类命运共同体研究中心1月2日在北京成立。在揭牌仪式上,中国外长王毅说,“构建人类命运共同体是习近平的重大原创性思想,是习近平外交思想的核心理念”。
声称人类命运共同体是当今某人的原创思想,就跟说吃饭睡觉是某人的专利发明一样荒唐。大同世界、空想社会主义、共产主义、联合国、地球村……这些从古至今未曾断续的观念和构思,不都是在谈人类命运共同体吗?
“没有人是自成一体、与世隔绝的孤岛”
中共的叙事本身就前后矛盾,一方面称自己是马克思主义政党,一方面又声称习近平发明了人类命运共同体的思想,完全不在乎马克思和恩格斯怎么想——这两位被供奉在全球共产党祖先牌位上的先驱者,1848年就在《共产党宣言》的末尾号召:“全世界无产者,联合起来!”
想到人类是一个命运共同体,并不需要等到一个不世天才来脑洞大开,但有些人说得诗意一些,更容易让人记住。比如,英国诗人约翰·多恩(John Donne)在四百年前写下《丧钟为谁而鸣》(For Whom the Bell Tolls),诗云:
没有人是自成一体,
与世隔绝的孤岛,
每一个人都是广袤大陆的一部分。
……
每个人的死亡都是我的哀伤,
因为我是人类的一员。
所以,
不要问丧钟为谁而鸣,
它就为你而鸣。
到了二十世纪,美国作家海明威以“丧钟为谁而鸣”作为一部小说的书名,并以整首诗作为题词,让它传播更广,脍炙人口。
新华社2016年的一篇报道说,“习近平熟悉美国作家惠特曼、马克·吐温、杰克·伦敦,尤其喜欢海明威。”看来尤其喜欢也没让他读明白,这首诗的意思就是人类命运共同体。
如果说受制于时代局限,约翰·多恩在这首诗里写的“人类”还主要是指欧洲白人的话,那么到了二十世纪,第一次世界大战之后成立的“国际联盟”,第二次世界大战之后发展成为“联合国”,以及各类国际组织,在理念上已经是包括全世界所有人的人类命运共同体了。
中共宣传盗用西方既有观念和术语,然后进行篡改和扭曲,包装成推销专制政治的口号,早已经不是第一次。比如,多元包容是西方冷战之后的一个主流价值观,指的是在民主自由社会中,对各种不同的政治立场、文化习俗、性别取向、宗教信仰等等的承认和尊重,但是中共宣传挪用过去,扭曲成了相反的意思:要求世界各国“包容”自己建立专制政权,打压不同的价值立场、公民社会和异议人士。
“中国式现代化”是一个宣传话术
其次,人类命运共同体的实践运作,在中共的宣传中,这更是一个谎言。
王毅说,构建人类命运共同体是对“建设一个什么样的世界、如何建设这个世界”这一时代课题给出的中国答案。“中国答案”是什么呢?同一天,中共中央理论刊物《求是》杂志刊登习近平两年前的讲话《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》,称中国式现代化展现不同于西方现代化模式的新图景,打破了“现代化=西方化”迷思。“新时代以来‘东升西降’、‘中治西乱’的鲜明对比,使广大发展中国家看到了新的希望,有了新的选择。”
原来,构建人类命运共同体的含义被扭曲成了推广“中国式现代化”。所谓“中国式现代化”,是一个宣传话术。就跟把医学分为中医和西医一样,它把现代化分为中国式和西方式,以构建人类命运共同体之名,行反人类命运共同体之实。
正如中西医的实质区别是传统医学和现代医学,中国式现代化和西方式现代化的实质区别,是传统专制与现代民主。把传统专制称为现代化,这本身就和现代化的通行定义是矛盾的。
中共宣传试图说服人们,没有人权、自由和民主,同样可以实现物质现代化。对于这一点,2024年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、美国麻省理工大学教阿西莫格鲁(Daron Acemoglu)、约翰逊(Simon Johnson)和芝加哥大学教授罗宾森(James Robinson)早就给出了答案:长期的经济增长靠的是民主与法治的社会制度(包容性政治制度+包容性经济制度),而不是极权专制的社会制度(攫取性政治制度+攫取性经济制度)。(参见《长平观察:今年的诺贝尔经济学奖,十年前就让中共不高兴了》)
“倘一人为奴隶,则举世无自由”
其实,人们从不同的政治立场和分析方法,都可以得出类似的结论。《共产党宣言》中说,“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的,将是这样一个联合体,在那里,每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。”
1963年,时任美国总统肯尼迪在柏林发表了一个著名的演讲,其中谈到人类命运共同体,他说:“自由不可分割,倘一人为奴隶,则举世无自由。”
近几十年来,国际社会对于真正的人类命运共同体理想有过很多实践探索,包括组建联合国维和部队、国际法院、世界粮食计划署和联合国儿童基金会等等。在2019年武汉爆发新冠疫情之前,世界卫生组织(WHO)被认为是比较成功的合作,在防治全球传染疾病方面功不可没。比如,2014年爆发的埃博拉病毒,就得到了及时的控制。
为什么呢?因为埃博拉病毒虽然厉害,但是它“不幸”出现在非洲小国,在那里没有一个号称要“建构人类命运共同体”的政权来阻止国际专家的介入。按照世界卫生组织网站的记载,“几内亚卫生部于2014年3月13日发布了首个关于不明疾病的预警。同一天,世卫组织非洲区域办事处的工作人员以拉沙热为疑似目标正式启动了突发事件管理系统”,“3月14日至25日,在几内亚卫生部、世卫组织非洲区域办事处和无国界医师组织人员的参与下,开展了一次重要调查,对基西杜古、马森塔、盖凯杜和恩泽雷科雷等市进行了实地考察”。
2019年,新冠病毒“有幸”在中国武汉爆发,中国政府先是隐瞒疫情,随后又阻止国际专家进行及时而独立的调查。疫情蔓延全球各地,肆虐时间长达三年,导致至少700多万感染者死亡,世界经济遭受重大打击。
一元复始,万象更新。既然人类命运共同体研究中心在北京挂牌了,那么世界卫生组织是否可以再次派遣国际专家,前往武汉完成对于新冠病毒源头的独立调查呢?
作者长平是中国资深媒体人、时事评论作家,六四记忆 · 人权博物馆总策展人,现居德国。
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© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。
Out-of-control wildfires are ripping across parts of Los Angeles, leading to at least five deaths, burning down hundreds of buildings, and prompting more than 130,000 people to flee their homes in America's second-largest city.
Despite the efforts of firefighters, the biggest blazes remain totally uncontained - with weather conditions and the underlying impact of climate change expected to continue fanning the flames for days to come.
More than 137,000 people have been forced to leave their homes - many of them simply carrying whatever belongings they can.
Police say at least five people have died, and their bodies found near the Eaton Fire - but their cause of death is not yet known.
Like the even larger Palisades Fire, the Eaton Fire remains totally uncontained. Meanwhile, the new Sunset Fire is menacing the well-known Hollywood Hills area.
More than 1,000 structures are known to have been destroyed - including houses, schools and businesses on the iconic Sunset Boulevard. A fire ecologist has told the BBC that "entire neighbourhoods... have been wiped out".
Among the celebrities who have lost their homes are Leighton Meester and Adam Brody, who attended the Golden Globes just days ago, and Paris Hilton.
There is a glimmer of hope for firefighters, as the fire weather outlook for southern California has been downgraded from "extremely critical" to "critical".
But BBC weather forecaster Sarah Keith-Lucas says there is no rain forecast in the area for at least the next week, meaning conditions remain ripe for fire.
Mass disruption has been reported due to traffic buildup. A number of schools and the the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) have been forced to close.
A political row about the city's preparedness has erupted after it emerged that some firefighters' hoses have run dry - an issue seized upon by US President-elect Donald Trump.
There are at least five fires raging in the wider area, according to California fire officials early on Thursday:
The earlier Woodley and Olivas fires have now been contained, according to local fire authorities.
Officials have pointed to high winds and drought in the area, which has made vegetation very dry and easy to burn.
The likely impact of climate change has also been cited been blamed - although the exact circumstances remain unclear.
Some 95% of wildfires in the area are started by humans, according to David Acuna, a battalion chief at the Californian Fire Service, although officials are yet to state how they think the current fires started.
An important factor that has been cited in the spread of the blazes is the Santa Ana winds, which blow from inland towards the coast. With speeds of more than 60mph (97 km/h), these are believed to have fanned the flames.
Although strong winds and lack of rain are driving the blazes, experts say climate change is altering the background conditions and increasing the likelihood of such fires.
US government research is unequivocal in linking climate change to larger and more severe wildfires in the western United States.
"Climate change, including increased heat, extended drought, and a thirsty atmosphere, has been a key driver in increasing the risk and extent of wildfires in the western United States," the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says.
And following a very warm summer and lack of rain in recent months, California is particularly vulnerable.
Fire season in southern California is generally thought to stretch from May to October - but the state's governor, Gavin Newsom, has pointed out earlier that blazes had become a perennial issue. "There's no fire season," he said. "It's fire year."
Speaking to the BBC, Mr Acuna said the Palisades Fire represented only the third occasion in the past 30 years that a major fire had broken out in January.
The pound has fallen to its lowest level for nine months after UK government borrowing costs continued to rise.
The drop came as UK 10-year borrowing costs surged to their highest level since the 2008 financial crisis when bank borrowing almost ground to a halt.
Economists have warned the rising costs could lead to further tax rises or cuts to spending plans as the government tries to meet its self-imposed borrowing target.
The government said it would not say anything ahead of the official borrowing forecast from its independent forecaster due in March.
"I'm obviously not going to get ahead ... it's up to the OBR (Office for Budget Responsibility) to make their forecasts."
"Having stability in the public finances is precursor to having economic stability and economic growth," the Prime Minister's official spokesman said.
Shadow chancellor Mel Stride claimed that the Chancellor's significant spending and borrowing plans from the Budget are "making it more expensive for the government to borrow".
"We should be building a more resilient economy, not raising taxes to pay for fiscal incompetence," he said in a post on X.
Gabriel McKeown, head of macroeconomics at Sad Rabbit Investments, said the rise in borrowing costs "has effectively eviscerated Reeves' fiscal headroom, threatening to derail Labour's investment promises and potentially necessitate a painful recalibration of spending plans."
The warning comes after the cost of borrowing over 30 years hit its highest level for 27 years on Tuesday.
Meanwhile the pound dropped by as much as 1.1% to $1.233 against the dollar, marking its lowest level since April last year.
The government generally spends more than it raises in tax. To fill this gap it borrows money, but that has to be paid back - with interest.
One of the ways it can borrow money is by selling financial products called bonds.
Globally, there has been a rise in the cost of government borrowing in recent months sparked by investor concerns that US President-elect Donald Trump's plans to impose new tariffs on goods entering the US from Canada, Mexico and China would push up inflation.
Laith Khalaf, head of investment analysis at AJ Bell, said chancellor Rachel Reeves' Budget in October, which increased borrowing, may have had a small impact but said the UK rises were similar to those in the US.
"In the UK higher yields put pressure on government finances and increase the risk that Reeves will come back with another tax raising Budget," he said.
But he also said the current rises in borrowing costs could be "a storm in a tea cup which dissipates quickly."
The official forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), will start the process of updating its forecast on government borrowing next month to be presented to parliament in late March.
Some local councils in England would need to see at least a five-fold increase in new housing to meet government targets, analysis by BBC Verify suggests.
The BBC's figures lay out the immense challenge Labour has set itself in government with its "milestone" of building 1.5 million new homes in England over five years.
In total, 16 local authorities across England have new annual targets that are five times or more what they have recently delivered.
Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has said setting a specific target will "give the British people the power to hold our feet to the fire".
With that in mind, the BBC has created a new online tool for tracking the government's progress towards this key goal.
Type in your postcode and see the house building situation in your own area.
The government has also set annual housing targets for each local authority in England, based on what it judges their contribution to the overall total should be.
The most demanding target is for the London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, which has been set a target for new homes nearly 22 times its recent average.
The target for Sevenoaks in Kent is five times what it has been delivering on average in recent years, while the target for Portsmouth is more than eight times the average.
These specific targets will enable us to incorporate information into the tracker on what's happening on house building in every district in England.
It will show the number of homes added in an area and compare it with the local target set by ministers.
Our postcode lookup tool also shows the share of planning applications for new homes granted permissions in an area in the most recent year there is data for, and compares it with the England-wide average rate, so you can judge whether your council is approving enough building plans.
The tracker will be updated when relevant official data becomes available.
The new government has described its housebuilding objective as "hugely ambitious" and that is no exaggeration.
To deliver 1.5 million homes, defined as "net additional dwellings", over five years implies a strike rate of about 300,000 a year - a number not achieved since the 1970s.
But while the England-wide target is highly ambitious in a historical context, the targets handed down to some local authorities are arguably even more so.
To create our postcode tracker we processed local data on:
BBC Verify's analysis shows Kensington and Chelsea, a London borough, has been given a target of 5,107 new homes every year for the next five years. But the borough delivered an average of only 236 net additional dwellings between 2021-22 and 2023-24.
It did, however, approve 89% of planning applications for housing in the year to June 2024, considerably higher than the national rate of 71%.
Portsmouth, on the south coast, also has a very stretching target. The local council is being asked to deliver 1,021 new homes per year, almost nine times the 120 it delivered on average over the most recent three years.
Hastings has been tasked with a smaller total: 710. But this is still five times the 142 it has delivered on average in recent years.
Portsmouth approved 74% of residential planning applications in the year to June 2024 and Hastings 75%.
Councils were consulted on the targets last summer, with many expressing concerns they were "unrealistic", and the numbers were revised.
Councillor Elizabeth Campbell, leader of Kensington and Chelsea, said it was "out of touch to let algorithms set targets without understanding local context".
"You only have to walk through the streets of our densely built borough to see how unachievable it would be to build 5,107 homes a year here; this borough is only 4.5 miles squared."
She said there were two major sites in the borough that would provide 6,000 new homes in total.
Councillor Darren Sanders, cabinet member for housing at Portsmouth City Council, said the target "does not work" because "most of the city is an island" with a dense population and "important heritage and natural assets".
"Portsmouth has approved more than 4,000 new homes in 2023 and 2024. Any lack of delivery is down to the rising cost of development," he said, "not whether the council approves them."
Sevenoaks councillor Julia Thornton said it was a "top priority" to protect greenbelt land, but added: "We will have a duty to do everything possible to meet the government's new housing targets."
Sir Keir's housing minister, Matthew Pennycook, has said if councils fail to deliver enough houses the government could intervene.
"The government can take a local plan off a local authority that is resisting putting one in place, and we are absolutely willing to do it, if we have evidence that [they] are refusing to comply," he told the BBC.
The government said it had "inherited the worst housing crisis in living memory" and "all areas must play their part".
It has set out "a major planning overhaul… unblocking barriers to building, and setting out targets for councils to ramp up housebuilding, so new homes are built where they are most needed."
Most housing experts agree planning reform is necessary.
Yet analysts say it is not the only obstacle.
The construction industry has warned it is dealing with a chronic shortage of skilled workers.
The Home Builders Federation has cited aging workers and Brexit as some of the factors behind shortages.
The Construction Industry Training Board estimates the sector needs to attract the equivalent of 50,300 extra workers per year to meet the levels of work expected.
There are also concerns about the availability of basic building materials including bricks and timber.
The Construction Leadership Council has warned a shortage of these could hinder the government's ability to get near its target.
Finally, many housing experts doubt private housebuilders are capable of delivering enough new homes each year to reach the targets.
This is because private housebuilders have a commercial interest in not building so many new homes that their average price declines.
The Competition and Markets Authority concluded in February 2024 "private developers produce houses at a rate at which they can be sold without needing to reduce their prices".
A sharp decline in residential planning permissions in England in the year to June 2024 - hitting a new record low - was due to a collapse in applications from private builders, not a decline in the share of applications being approved by local authorities.
This collapse in applications probably reflected the impact of still-high mortgage interest rates and high house prices relative to average incomes, undermining the ability of people to afford newly built houses.
That's why some argue meeting the government's targets will also require a major increase in Whitehall grants to not-for-profit local housing associations, enabling them to build tens of thousands of new social and affordable homes, mainly to be rented out, in the coming years.
Interactive tool developed by Allison Shultes, Scott Jarvis and Steven Connor
Annual data on new homes for England comes from the government's "net additional dwellings" statistics.
These figures are estimates of changes in the total number of homes in each area, taking account of new build homes and existing building conversions, minus any demolitions.
The targets are the government's new "local housing need" calculations, released following a public consultation.
Planning statistics are taken from quarterly data and combine applications decided for "minor" housing developments (fewer than 10 homes) and "major" schemes (10 homes or more).
The planning data for England is at local authority level. Applications decided by special authorities, such as those in charge of national parks, are not included.
We have included the latest data on new housebuilding "completions" by local authority area for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, but the 1.5 million homes target applies only in England.
Former Scotland rugby union captain Stuart Hogg has been given a one-year community payback order after he admitted a domestic abuse charge against his estranged wife.
The 32-year-old was previously given a five-year non-harassment order and fined £600 after breaching bail conditions.
He had admitted shouting and swearing and acting in an abusive manner towards his wife Gillian.
Appearing at Selkirk Sheriff Court, he was given a payback order - meaning he will do supervised work in the community - and the non-harassment order was imposed again.
Last year, Hogg, who plays for Montpellier, admitted a single charge which related to repeated abusive behaviour towards his now estranged wife.
Over a five-year period, up to August last year, he engaged in a course of conduct which caused her fear or alarm.
The court previously heard how he regularly shouted and swore at his wife while they lived in Hawick, as well as when they lived in Exeter when Hogg played for Exeter Chiefs.
The charge also involved Hogg monitoring his wife's movements through the Find My Phone app after they had split up in 2023, and him sending her sometimes hundreds of text messages in the space of a few hours.
The former Glasgow Warriors fullback amassed a century of senior caps for his country and was involved in three British and Irish Lions tours.
He remains one of Scotland's all-time leading try scorers and was awarded an MBE in the 2024 New Year honours list for services to rugby union.
Hogg came out of retirement last summer to sign a two-year contract with Montpellier.
What is probably the world's oldest ice, dating back 1.2m years ago, has been dug out from deep within Antarctica.
Working at temperatures of -35C, a team of scientists extracted a 2.8km-long cyclinder, or core, of ice - longer than eight Eiffel Towers end-to-end.
Suspended inside the ice are ancient air bubbles which scientists hope will help solve an enduring mystery about our planet's climate history.
The European scientists worked over four Antarctic summers, racing against seven nations to be first to reach the rock under the frozen continent.
Their work could help unravel one of the major mysteries in our planet's climate history - what happened 900,000-1.2 million years ago when glacial cycles were disrupted and some researchers say our ancestors came close to extinction.
"It's an amazing achievement," says Prof Carlo Barbante at Ca' Foscari University of Venice who co-ordinated the research.
"You have in your hands a piece of ice that is a million years old. Sometimes you see ash layers coming from volcanic eruptions. You see the tiny bubbles inside, some bubbles of air that our ancestors breathed a million years ago," he says.
The team was led by the Italian Institute of Polar Sciences and included 10 European nations.
It had to transport the drilling equipment, laboratories and camp 40km by snow mobiles from the nearest research base.
The drilling site, called Little Dome C, is on the Antarctic plateau on the east of the continent, at almost 3000m elevation.
Ice cores are a vital to scientists' understanding of how our climate is changing.
They trap bubbles of air and particles that reveal levels of greenhouse gas emissions and temperature variation that help scientists plot how climatic conditions have altered over time.
Data from other ice cores, including one called Epica, helped scientists conclude that the current rise in temperature linked to greenhouse gas emissions is caused by humans burning fossil fuels.
But scientists wanted to go further back in time.
Now with this project Beyond Epica: Oldest Ice they have gained potentially another 400,000 years of history.
"There is a lot of the past in our future. We look at the past to understand better how the climate works and how can we project it into the future," says Prof Barbante.
The team had a "nail-biting last few days" as they were able to drill even deeper than anticipated from radar data, says Dr Robert Mulvaney, an ice core scientist at British Antarctic Survey.
The core was slowly pulled from the ice sheet using a drill machinery and scientists carefully carefully cleaned the ice using cloths.
It is now being cut into one metre pieces for transportation at -50C from Antarctica by boat.
The pieces will eventually reach the freezers of numerous European institutions, including the British Antarctic Survey in Cambridge, where scientists will begin their analysis.
Experts want to understand what happened in a period 900,000 to 1.2 million years ago called the Mid-Pleistocene Transition.
At this time, the length of the cycle between cold glacial and warm interglacials switched from being 41,000 years to 100,000 years. But scientists have never understood why.
This is the same period when, according to some theories, the ancestors of present-day humans almost died out, perhaps dropping to around just 1000 individuals.
Scientists do not know if there is a link between this near-extinction and the climate, explains Prof Barbante, but it demonstrates it is an unusual period that it is important to better understand.
"What they will find is anybody's guess but it will undoubtedly enlarge our window on our planet's past," Professor Joeri Rogelj from Imperial College in London, who was not involved in the project, told BBC News.
Follow Georgina on BlueSky.
Actor and comedian Russell Brand has pleaded guilty to speeding.
The 49-year-old was caught driving his Mini at 95mph on the M4 near Slough on 16 June 2024.
He also drove the car at 37mph in a 30mph zone in Shiplake, near his Oxfordshire home, on 23 March, High Wycombe Magistrates' Court heard.
The former Radio 2 presenter was fined £3,457 and handed eight points on his licence.
Brand, who did not attend the short hearing, was given three penalty points for the 37mph breach and five for the other.
He is currently under investigation by police over allegations of sex crimes made against him by multiple women.
An evidence file has been passed to the Crown Prosecution Service to decide if he should face charges.
It came after a joint investigation by The Sunday Times, The Times, and Channel 4 Dispatches revealed last year that four women had accused him of sexual assaults between 2006 and 2013.
Brand denies the allegations and previously said all his sexual relationships were "absolutely always consensual".
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Commuters are being warned of icy roads and travel disruption, as temperatures plummeted again overnight across the UK.
Fresh weather warnings have been issued, with snow, ice and fog forecast across southern England, Wales, Northern Ireland and northern Scotland on Thursday.
It will be mainly dry elsewhere with winter sunshine, but temperatures could fall again to as low as -16C on Thursday night.
The cold snap has already brought heavy snowfall to some areas, and dozens of flood alerts and warnings are in place due to either heavy rain or melting snow.
On Wednesday the lowest temperature recorded was -8.4C (16F) in Shap, Cumbria, according to the Met Office.
It comes as an amber cold health alert remains in place for all of England until Sunday, meaning the forecast weather is expected to have significant impacts across health - including a rise in deaths.
The Met Office says travel disruption to road and rail services is likely on Thursday in areas covered by warnings, as well potential for accidents in icy places.
There are five warnings in place:
On Wednesday snow caused some roads to close and motorists to be stationary for "long periods of time" in Devon and Cornwall, according to authorities there.
Gritters working into Thursday morning have been fitted with ploughs to clear routes in the area.
Car insurer RAC said it has seen the highest levels of demand for rescues in a three-day period since December 2022.
"Cold conditions will last until at least the weekend, so we urge drivers to remain vigilant of the risks posed by ice and, in some locations, snow," said RAC breakdown spokeswoman Alice Simpson.
National Rail have also advised passengers to check before they travel, as ice and snow can mean speed restrictions and line closures.
On Wednesday evening, poor weather was affecting Northern and Great Western Railway.
Buses are also replacing trains between Llandudno Junction and Blaenau Ffestiniog until Monday.
The wintry conditions have caused significant disruption across the UK since snow swept many parts of the country at the weekend.
Hundreds of schools were closed in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, including schools in Yorkshire, Merseyside, the Midlands and Aberdeenshire.
The country has also been hit by widespread flooding in recent days. Currently there are 68 flood warnings - meaning flooding is expected - in England and three in Wales.
The weather is expected to be less cold over the weekend.
(德国之声中文网)欧盟委员会数字问题发言人托马斯·雷格尼尔(Thomas Regnier)强调,无论是在欧盟的线上还是线下,马斯克都可以表达自己的政治观点。即使与选项党(AfD)领导人韦德尔举行对谈也不违反欧盟《数字服务法案》(DSA) 。雷格尼尔解释道:“DSA中没有任何条款禁止此类直播。”
欧盟的这项法案要求大型网络平台比以前更快地删除虚假信息和“非法内容”,例如美化恐怖主义或描述性暴力的内容。成员国的法律具有决定性作用——例如,在德国传播纳粹宣传是被禁止的。
此外,欧盟对线上的选战宣传活动也做出指导规范,德国联邦政府也参考了这些指导方针。因此,如果能证明X系统地偏袒德国选项党,那么这就属于违规做法。不过,雷格尼尔承认,核实这一点需要花费时间。
“我们必须醒悟过来。”法国外交部长巴罗周三(8日)在接受电视采访时敦促道。他呼吁欧盟委员会“坚定地”执行其规则。
不激化同马斯克的争论是一项政策
目前生病仍在休养中的欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩和欧盟负责数字政策的专员维克库宁(Henna Virkkunen)都尚未对此事发表评论。冯德莱恩的发言人为委员会主席保持沉默辩护称:“不去激化这场争论是一项政治决定。”
自去年11月特朗普当选以来,欧盟一直在努力避免冲突。这也可能影响到被特朗普任命为特别顾问的马斯克。理论上欧盟委员会可以向X处以高达数十亿欧元的罚金惹恼马斯克。
去年以来,布鲁塞尔一直在抱怨马斯克的平台X存在多项违规行为。 X通过使用标注蓝钩或者白钩欺骗用户,让用户相信这些账号是真实的和经过验证的。然而,实际上每个付费客户都会获得一个蓝钩或者白钩“认证”。 X上的广告发布者信息通常也不透明。
欧洲监管中心 (CERRE) 数字研究项目学术主任德·斯特里尔 (Alexandre de Streel) 表示:“毫无疑问,人们不愿意正面攻击特朗普和马斯克,因为害怕对方有可能做出的反应。”
还有其它公司收益
其他受到欧盟调查的美国公司可能会从这种克制中受益。布鲁塞尔多位消息人士称,委员会已推迟就针对iPhone制造商苹果的竞争罚款作出决定。
布鲁塞尔也正在对Facebook母公司Meta进行诉讼。Facebook首席执行官扎克伯格周二宣布,将停止美国在Facebook和Instagram上进行事实核查。该公司表示,不会在欧盟地区迅速采取同样的做法,但从长远来看,并不排除这种可能性。
欧洲监管中心数字研究项目学术主任德·斯特里尔表示,欧盟委员会对来自中国的社交媒体采取了更为严厉的行动。布鲁塞尔方面正在调查中国字节跳动公司旗下的视频平台Tiktok对罗马尼亚总统竞选活动的干涉。鉴于可能存在的不平衡,德·斯特里尔警告说,委员会不应该“完全失去自己的信誉”。
(法新社)
© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。
(德国之声中文网)2024年12 月 23 日一早,气温就已超过了 30 摄氏度。巴西劳工检察官办公室 (MPT) 领导的一个特别工作组人员来到汽车巨头比亚迪位于北部巴伊亚州卡马萨里的工厂,从施工现场解救出 163 名中国工人。在巴西劳工检察官办公室看来,这些中国工人当时正在奴工式的条件下工作。
调查人员发现现场状况令人担忧。在比亚迪承包商金匠集团的工人宿舍里,床上没有床垫,数百名工人仅有为数很少的厕所,并且条件极不卫生。工人们的食物也没有冰箱储存。
巴西劳工检察官办公室还指责该公司扣压工人的护照,并扣留其60%的工资——其余 40% 是以人民币支付。
巴西有关部门宣布这些工人是国际人口贩运的受害者,并关闭该地点。这家工厂原定2025年开张。
163 名获救工人被送往酒店。几天后,巴西政府停止向比亚迪发放临时工作签证。这家汽车制造商表示,正在与巴西当局合作,不会容忍对巴西法律和人类尊严的触犯。
接受德国之声采访的专家表示,这一行动表明,尽管中国投资十分重要,但外国公司必须符合巴西的标准。
“这一举措意义重大,因为这家公司在巴西的投资对总统卢拉再工业化的项目具有重要意义,无论是在联邦政府还是在巴伊亚州,都享有强大的政治支持,”里约热内卢州立大学政治学者、国际关系学教授桑托罗( Maurício Santoro) 指出。
中国海外生产成焦点
周二,巴西劳工检察官办公室调查人员会见了比亚迪和参与建设的公司代表。 所有获救工人都已收到解雇金并返回中国。对现场的视察报告将于下周完成,工人赔偿问题将在随后的会议上讨论。
圣保罗FIA商学院经济学者、教授费尔德曼(Paulo Feldmann)表示,比亚迪使用中国工人建造工厂与中国跨国公司在非洲和其它拉丁美洲国家的经营方式类似。
费尔德曼告诉德国之声,这种做法对接受投资的国家几乎没有好处。 “对于巴西来说,如果这些工人是当地人会更好,因为他们可以为自己和家庭创造收入,对社区产生积极影响,并获得专业技能的培训。这样也更容易监管他们的劳工条件。”
巴西的再工业化
巴伊亚州首府附近的卡马萨里有30万人口,美国福特汽车公司曾在此设厂20年。然而,2021年,福特关闭了这家工厂,并停止在巴西的生产。
与此同时,巴西工业生产大幅下降,2021 年仅占国内生产总值 (GDP) 的 11%。
当卢拉2022 年第三次当选总统并承诺复兴巴西工业时,其政府寻找有意在该国设址的合作伙伴公司。次年,中国巨头比亚迪宣布投资约 5 亿美元,在原福特厂址所在的部分土地上建造一家新工厂,生产电动汽车。
比亚迪的到来也给当地经济带来期待。汽车顾问内托(Milad Kalume Neto)向德国之声表示:“福特当年设立了多家公司来支持其运营。不仅是供应商,还有提供服务的小公司。随着福特的离开,这些公司不得不降低经营活动,如今他们又有机会为一家大型汽车制造商工作。”
中国指责抹黑
中国公众的反应大致可分为两类,一类对外国指控表示质疑,一派以国内劳工权利为讨论焦点。
丑闻发生后,比亚迪及其承包商金匠集团否认指控,称这些指控是针对中国品牌的抹黑运动的一部分,这一说法得到了许多中国民族主义者的支持。
“欲加之罪,何患无辞”,比亚迪集团品牌与公关部总经理李云飞在中国流行的微博平台上发帖称。李云飞还指责境外相关势力试图抹黑中国,企图破坏中巴友谊。
金匠集团还发布了一段视频,视频中,中国工人宣读了一份按手印签名的声明。金匠集团称:“莫名被扣上‘奴役’的帽子,让我们的员工感觉人格受到了侮辱,人权受到了侵犯,严重伤害了中国人尊严。”
中国官方媒体和许多中国网民也对此表示认同,认为这一丑闻是中国企业海外扩张所面临的挑战。
但并非所有人都将责任归咎于“外国势力”。一些微博用户指出,比亚迪巴西工厂与中国建筑工人的工作条件相似。这引发了网上讨论,即中国有多少工人的生活条件可能与国际标准下的奴工无异。
中国劳动力市场以所谓的“996”工作文化而闻名,即每周工作六天,从早上 9 点到晚上 9 点,这违反了劳动法。这种现象在科技行业尤为普遍。
微博上一条帖子将比亚迪巴西工厂与中国建筑工地的工作条件进行了比较评论。这条微博下面的一则评论写道:“听你这么说,我站巴西这边。中国劳动者都是被无情压榨。”另一则评论说:“我觉得国内工厂太不把人当人看了,简直是把人当机器”。这则评论获得了一千多个赞。
巴西市场仍对中国有吸引力
经济学者费尔德曼表示,尽管该案在国际上引起反响,但巴西有关部门在比亚迪案中的行动不会阻碍中国在该国的投资。
费尔德曼说:“巴西市场对中国企业非常有吸引力。他们来巴西主要是因为这个市场。我不认为巴西和中国的关系会因为这件事而受到威胁。”
政治学者桑托罗表示,希望此案能给中国投资者一个教训,让他们了解巴西的三权分立。
“他们已经了解到,无论与政治领导人达成何种协议,检察官和司法机构都会发挥自身作用,执行劳动法。乐观地说,这或许可以防止更多的违法事件,”他补充道。
© 2025年德国之声版权声明:本文所有内容受到著作权法保护,如无德国之声特别授权,不得擅自使用。任何不当行为都将导致追偿,并受到刑事追究。