Once a cog in the Malaysian economy, the solar industry profited from Chinese investment. Now it’s becoming a case study of what happens when the United States closes its markets.

President Trump’s executive order carved out a special tariff on goods shipped indirectly to the United States by way of other countries.

Long before President Trump wielded tariffs as a weapon to punish Indonesia, the country was fighting back a flood of cheap Chinese goods.

An initial trade deal with Vietnam offers a glimpse of how President Trump is pushing countries to cut back on trade with China.

The president said he had agreed to initial trade terms with Vietnam, the second country to strike a limited deal after Mr. Trump threatened steep tariffs.

As President Trump’s tariffs close off the U.S. market, Chinese goods are flooding countries from Southeast Asia to Europe to Latin America.