Mr. Kim’s presence at a Chinese military parade was a sign of his growing geopolitical ​leverage and that North Korea was being accepted as a de facto nuclear power.

President Trump’s extraordinary summit with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia last month has yet to yield any concrete results on the war in Ukraine.

Rides in his hulking bulletproof Aurus with the Indian and North Korean leaders offered the Russian leader an ideal setting for deepening ties.

China used a parade of fighter jets, missiles and goose-stepping troops to honor the country’s wartime sacrifice and issue a defiant warning to rivals.

Kim Ju-ae’s presence at a major gathering of world leaders is the latest sign that North Korea’s dictator considers her a successor, analysts said.

The parade, attended by the leaders of Russia and North Korea, had a defiant message. President Trump fired back, accusing Xi Jinping of ignoring America’s role in the war.

The Russian and Chinese leaders drew on a shared view of their countries’ roles in World War II to cast their modern-day partnership as a challenge to the West.

They will join China’s leader, Xi Jinping, and about 20 other heads of state, some of whom share a strong distrust of the United States.