Portugal braced for mass disruption in first general strike for 12 years

© Jefferson Siegel for The New York Times
George Mason (December 11, 1725 – October 7, 1792) was a Founding Father of the United States. A delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, he was one of three delegates who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings have exercised a significant influence on American political thought and events. The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which Mason principally authored, served as a basis for the United States Bill of Rights, of which he has been deemed a father. Many clauses in the Constitution were influenced by Mason's input, but he ultimately did not sign, citing the lack of a bill of rights. His prominent fight for a bill of rights led fellow Virginian James Madison to introduce one during the First Congress in 1789; these amendments were ratified in 1791, a year before Mason died. Obscure after his death, Mason later came to be recognized in the 20th and 21st centuries for his contributions to Virginia and the early United States. (Full article...)
Isabella I (Spanish: Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: Isabel la Católica), was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II. Reigning together over a dynastically unified Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand are known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Painting credit: Anonymous

美国科技巨头Meta的人工智能转向闭源模式,据悉训练模型的工具包括阿里巴巴的通义千问。
据彭博社报道,知情人士称,一款代号为“牛油果”(Avocado)的新模型预计将于明年春季亮相,并可能以封闭式模型形式发布,即一种可以被严格控制、且Meta可出售访问权限的模型。
知情人士称,Meta在训练“牛油果”的过程中使用了多家第三方模型,包括谷歌的Gemma、OpenAI 的gpt-oss、阿里巴巴的通义千问。
彭博社的报道称,使用中国技术来训练新模型,代表扎克伯格口径上的变化。今年1月,他曾在Joe Rogan的播客中表示担忧中国模型可能受到国家审查的影响。自那以来,扎克伯格多次呼吁美国政府支持本国科技企业,以在全球AI竞赛中领先中国。他还曾表示,开源战略是其承担这一使命的一部分。
中国农业农村部称,今年,官方多措并举推进水生生物保护,推进长江10年禁渔各项工作落实,取得重要阶段性成效。
据中新社报道,记者星期三(12月10日)从中国农业农村部获悉,2025年,农业农村部落实帮扶措施,退捕渔民生计得到有效保障。截至2025年三季度末,14.2万名有劳动能力和就业意愿的退捕渔民全部转产就业,符合参保条件的22万名退捕渔民全部参加养老保险,已有6万名领取养老金,1.2万名退捕渔民纳入低保救助范围。
农业农村部称,会同有关部门加强联合执法,禁捕管理秩序保持总体平稳。2025年前三季度,各地累计查处涉渔行政案件1万3224起,同比下降16.2%,破获涉渔刑事案件2984起,同比下降37.3%,打掉非法捕捞犯罪团伙450个,同比下降26.6%,一般性违法行为和团伙化涉渔犯罪实现“双下降”。
农业农村部称,2025年,中国加强珍稀濒危物种保护,长江水生生物多样性持续向好。相关部门实施中华鲟、长江江豚、长江鲟等旗舰物种拯救行动计划,推动建设中华鲟种源保护繁育场所,2025年放流中华鲟超过97万尾,监测显示,超过60%个体通过长江口进入海洋,开展长江鲟野外自然繁殖试验,4月在赤水河干流首次实现长江鲟自然产卵和成功孵化。中国推进重要栖息地和关键生境修复,严格水产种质资源保护区管理,科学开展增殖放流。
根据监测,相比禁渔前的“无鱼”等级(分为“优、良、一般、较差、差、无鱼”六个等级),2021—2024年,长江干流、鄱阳湖提升两个等级,洞庭湖提升三个等级,赤水河连续三年(2022—2024年)等级为“良”。

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

© Lucas Jackson/Reuters

EPA/ShutterstockEuropean leaders say "intensive work" will continue in the coming days on a US-led plan to end the Russia-Ukraine war, after a joint phone call with President Donald Trump.
UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said they "agreed that this was a critical moment - for Ukraine, its people and for shared security across the Euro-Atlantic region".
A White House official confirmed the call took place but did not give details.
It comes the day after Trump called European leaders "weak", suggesting the US could scale back support for Ukraine.
In the wide-ranging Politico interview published on Tuesday, Trump also claimed Ukraine was "using war" to avoid holding elections, prompting President Volodymyr Zelensky to reply he was "ready" for them.
Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and Moscow currently controls about 20% of Ukrainian territory.
The three European leaders issued identical statements shortly after their call with Trump on Wednesday.
They read: "The leaders discussed the latest on the ongoing US-led peace talks, welcoming their efforts to achieve a just and lasting peace for Ukraine, and to see an end to the killing.
"Intensive work on the peace plan is continuing and will continue in the coming days."
Earlier on Wednesday, Zelensky wrote on social media that a 20-point document on how to end the war would be handed over to the US in "the near future" after "our joint work with President Trump's team and partners in Europe".
The Ukrainian leader provided no further details.
The original US draft peace plan - widely leaked to media last month - had 28 points, and was seen as favouring Russia. Ukraine has since held separate talks with US and European negotiators, seeking to change some key clauses such as territorial issues and security guarantees.


Zelensky is under increasing pressure from Trump to agree to a peace deal to end the war, with the US president urging Kyiv to "play ball" by ceding territory to Moscow.
Zelensky has repeatedly refused to do so, seeking instead an immediate ceasefire on the vast front line and iron-clad security guarantees for Kyiv in any future settlement.
The Ukrainian leader is on a diplomatic tour of Europe following intensive talks between US and Ukrainian negotiators over the weekend which failed to produce a deal to which Kyiv could agree.
Zelensky has been pressing his European allies to help deter the US from backing an agreement that could leave Ukraine exposed to future attacks by Russia.
Meanwhile, the Kremlin said Trump's "very important" statements on Ukraine, including saying Moscow would win the war and that Kyiv would need to hand over land, align with Russia's view.
"In many ways, on the subject of Nato membership, on the subject of territories, on the subjects of how Ukraine is losing land, it is in tune with our understanding," Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov said.
Last week, Putin repeated his warning that Ukrainian troops must completely withdraw from Ukraine's eastern Donbas region or Russia will seize it, rejecting any compromise over how to end the war.

© Erik Tanner for The New York Times

联合国任意拘留问题工作组称,中国“任意”拘留了瑞典籍政治书籍作者、书商和出版商桂民海,他于2020年因间谍罪被判处10年监禁。
2015年10月17日,桂民海在泰国度假时疑遭中国情报人员劫持,三个月后,他现身于中国官方电视台被迫认罪,后来他在中国服刑两年。
2017年10月获释数月后,他再次被捕,而且是在他与瑞典外交官乘坐前往北京的火车途中被捕的。
受人权理事会授权的联合国工作组表示,中国对桂民海实施的“剥夺自由”违反了《世界人权宣言》的多项条款。联合国工作组要求中国政府“立即采取必要措施,纠正桂先生的情况”。
该工作组在10月30日发表的意见中指出,这种剥夺是“任意的”,但该意见直到周三才公布。
非政府组织“记者无疆界组织”在一份声明中对联合国工作组的意见表示欢迎,并“呼吁瑞典、欧盟和国际社会加大对北京的压力,以争取桂民海立即获释”。
瑞典外交大臣玛丽亚·马尔默·斯滕加德在10月访问中国期间,也敦促北京释放他。
她告诉瑞典公共广播电台,她和瑞典大使馆官员都没能见到桂民海先生。
桂民海在香港出版过一些关于中共领导人的色情刊物,这让他成了十年来斯德哥尔摩和北京之间外交紧张关系的核心人物。
中国声称桂民海向国外非法提供情报。
桂民海出生在中国,在1989年天安门事件镇压后移居斯堪的纳维亚半岛,后来成为瑞典公民。
瑞典多次要求释放他。北京坚称这是中国内政,并驳回了瑞典的批评。
中国当局声称桂民海于2018年自愿恢复了中国国籍。
瑞典坚称他仍然是瑞典公民。

美国国会跨党派“美国国会及行政部门中国问题委员会”(CECC)12月10日公布2025年度人权报告,强调中国在人权、贸易、宗教自由及国际规范等领域“承诺破裂”,并直指这些行为已对美国公民、安全与经济造成直接冲击。报告以“承诺已立、承诺破裂”为主题,呼吁国会与特朗普政府采取更强力措施反制跨国镇压、强迫劳动与不公平经贸行为。
CECC主席、参议员苏利文(Dan Sullivan)在一份声明中表示:“今年的报告揭露中国共产党如何一再背弃承诺——对本国人民、对世界亦然。”他批评北京一方面签署人权与贸易协定,另一方面却打压异议人士、扩张强迫劳动、运作非法渔业船队,甚至派遣人员“在美国本土跟踪与威胁目标”。
共同主席、众议员史密斯(Chris Smith)则指出:“中国并非国际社会负责任的成员,因为它由共产党统治,为共产党谋利——这是一个不遵守其作为缔约国所签署条约的党国。”并表示,中国不仅是美国和自由世界其他国家的战略对手,更是一个系统性对手,试图破坏美国自二战结束以来一直维护的稳定国际秩序。
报告显示,新疆维吾尔自治区的强迫劳动持续扩张,包括土地被收归国营合作社、少数民族被转移至工业体系,并有朝鲜工人在中国海产品加工业遭到剥削。 CECC警告,这些产品透过全球供应链流入美国市场,导致美国军队、学校膳食计划与家庭“可能在不知情下购买奴工制品”。
报告中也纪录中共在美国境内的跨国镇压,包括针对异议人士的威胁、悬赏追捕海外港人、秘密“海外警务站”、以及未登记的中国代理人介入美国执法案件。 CECC指出,这些行为构成“威吓美国境内居民、扭曲民主程序与削弱普世人权标准”的全球策略。
对于美国公民在中国遭任意拘押与禁止出境,报告直言应视为政治“人质外交”。委员会建议提升旅游警示透明度,并与盟友建立专责小组,以避免美国人被当作谈判筹码。
报告指出,香港的国安法仍被广泛用于拘捕民主派人士、关闭公民社会组织与打击新闻自由,中共行为“明显违背《中英联合声明》与《基本法》的承诺”。
宗教自由方面,委员会记录到中共对宗教“中国化”的全面推进,包括清真寺整改、藏传佛教与基督教受压、法轮功持续遭迫害,以及“殖民化寄宿学校”侵蚀藏族、维吾尔族与蒙古族文化。
委员会还指出,中国刑事司法体系仍为“政治工具”,大量人权律师、记者、女性权益倡议者及宗教人士因“寻衅滋事”“分裂国家”等罪名遭拘禁,有人被送往“黑监狱”、精神病院并遭受酷刑。
截止2025年6月30日,CECC政治犯资料库收录11,262名因政治或宗教原因被拘押者,其中2,755人仍属“在押”。名单包括疫情期间报导真相的记者张展、挂横幅批评防疫政策的彭立发与其他行动者,也包括描绘文革题材的艺术家高真,以及维吾尔电影人伊克拉木·努尔买买提。
今年报告特别凸显中国海产品与强迫劳动的关联。美国政府近年因《离岸海洋计划》(Outlaw Ocean Project)调查结果而加强审查,该调查揭露中国加工厂中有大量强迫劳动与维吾尔族被转移劳动的情况;另有报导发现朝鲜工人被强制在中国渔业与加工业工作,其产品流入美国市场。
CECC呼吁国会禁止国防部采购中国海产、要求白宫发布跨部会贸易策略、制定IUU(非法、未报告、未受管制)渔船黑名单,并加强执行《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法》。两位主席指出:“当强迫劳动压低美国工人薪资、当国家支持的人质外交危及我国公民、当审查蔓延全球、美国海上规则被无视时,美国人就要付出代价。”
报告列出中国自1979年以来签署的多项国际协定,指出其规范均遭持续违反,包括《维也纳领事关系公约》下中国使馆于美国境内参与跨国镇压;《消除种族歧视公约》下,中共却推行民族文化清洗;《中英联合声明》中“高度自治”承诺破产;《禁止酷刑公约》中,北京仍被指涉酷刑与活体器官摘取;以及《联合国海洋法公约》中,中国在南海填海造岛并以军事化方式侵犯他国权益。
报告出炉之际,美中关系因美国总统特朗普(Donald Trump)与中国国家主席习近平10月底在韩国会晤后暂时降温。中国驻美大使谢锋上个月强调,美方不应触碰包括“人权”在内的多项“红线”。媒体报导指出,为维持贸易休战,特朗普政府近期延迟对中国国安部因网路间谍行动施加制裁。

© Doug Mills/The New York Times

© Adriana Zehbrauskas for The New York Times

© Will Warasila for The New York Times


© Francis Chung/POLITICO

美国总统特朗普本周一批准有条件 向中国出售英伟达芯片H200,在美国引发相当反弹。批评者认为这是拿美国国家安全利益做交易,反对党更指责这是一个“疯狂的决定”。
特朗普表示他与中国国家主席习近平通话后做出了这一决定。他在其社交网络“真相”写道:英伟达将把相关销售收入的25%上缴美国政府。
由于黄仁勋领导的英伟达公司2024年年底推出更加尖端的Blackwell ,因此,稍早开发的H200芯片虽属于尖端芯片,但其性能仅排名第二,这也是黄仁勋最终说服特朗普批准向中国出口的理由之一。
出售此款芯片还有一个重要考量,根据黄仁勋的说法,限制中国获取美国技术只会促使中国企业加速自主创新。因此,无论从美国的战略利益还是经济利益考量,都应该把性能次一级的尖端芯片出售给中国。
中国外交部发言人周二在记者追问时间接回应称,中国一贯主张中美通过合作实现互利共赢,既没有直接回答特朗普何时又与习近平通话,也没有回答中国是否会允许购买这些芯片。
数月前,当黄仁勋终于说服特朗普允许向中国出口H20芯片时,中方却要求本国公司不要购买。其理由,主要是中方要鼓励自己开发,同时也不满美国批准的是一款专门针对中国制造的性能较低的芯片。据指H20的算力要比H200低六倍。
但是北京对特朗普这一决定的态度尚不明朗。英国金融时报报道说,北京当局至少仍然会限制英伟达向中国出售新款芯片,他们将要求希望获取该款芯片的企业说明为什么中国自身开发的芯片不能满足其需要。这也可以解释,为什么特朗普宣布批准向中国出口H200芯片后,投资人并没有欢呼雀跃,纽约股市科技股比较冷淡的反应很能说明问题。
关键的问题在于美国国内对此决定有很大的疑惑,如果说英伟达双手欢迎特朗普的决定,声称“标志着对美国有利的平衡”,美国参议院民主党8名议员却揭露此举凸显了“经济和国家安全方面的重大失败”。该议员小组在一则文告中警告:允许中国获得这些尖端芯片,将使其武器更加致命,针对美国敏感基础设施所从事的网络攻击更加有效 ,并进一步强化中国的经济和制造业领域。
最大的质疑集中在特朗普是否把美国的国家安全利益放在了脑后?这一决定逆转了美国长期以来的一个共识,就是不能向对手出售美国最先进的技术,以保证美国的军事和经济优势,尤其是保证在人工智能领域的领先地位。
此前,无论拜登还是特朗普,一直担心中国会把尖端芯片用于发展军事科技,拜登时期几乎实施了最严格的出口限制,仅允许英伟达2022年开发一款专供中国使用的H20,但到了今年4月份,特朗普政府甚至禁止向中国出口H20,后来特朗普转向,恢复向中国出口H20,但北京当局却下令中国企业不要购买该款芯片,致使从前在中国市场大发其财的英伟达第三季度营业额只有5000万美元,尚未结束的第四季度差不多“颗粒无收”。
据纽约时报报道,拜登时期的美国国家安全顾问、主导制定对华芯片销售限制措施的沙利文称:“这简直是一个疯狂的决定”。他认为,美中正在争夺人工智能领域的领导地位,中国的主要问题在于他们没有足够的先进算力。“特朗普总统通过向他们出售强大的美国芯片为他们解决这个问题,完全说不通。我们简直是拱手让出我们的优势。中国的领导人都不敢相信这样的好运气。”
华盛顿特区智库表示,向中国出售H200将缩小其与美国算力方面的差距,部分抵消美国从更新的英伟达芯片中获得的优势。
特朗普人工智能事务主管,曾帮助黄仁勋说服特朗普的萨克斯的论点是:美国最好的选择是把中国和其他国家吸纳进由美国硬件和软件层层叠加而成的体系,从而让中国的用户依赖美国技术库中最先进的芯片。但是曾在拜登政府任职的一些官员则认为中国现在之所以需要美国芯片原因很简单,这些尖端芯片能够帮助他们争取时间,建设自主芯片能力,从而摆脱对美国半导体的依赖。
一种比较缓和的看法认为,美国总统试图限制中国企业从美国技术中获利,但同时希望将其打造为全球主导标准,因此需要允许该技术出口。

ReutersThe US Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates for the third time this year despite growing divisions, as policymakers aim to prop up the slowing labour market.
The central bank said on Wednesday it was lowering the target for its key lending rate by 0.25 percentage points, putting it in a range of 3.50% to 3.75% - its lowest level in three years.
It remains unclear where rates will go in the months ahead. Policymakers disagree about how the Fed should balance competing priorities: a weakening job market on the one hand, and rising prices on the other.
The Fed's economic projection released on Wednesday suggests one rate cut will take place next year, although new data could change this.
The decision to lower rates on Wednesday was not unanimous, suggesting widening divisions among central bankers over the outlook for the US economy.
Three Fed officials broke ranks and dissented.
Stephen Miran, who is on leave from his post leading Trump's Council of Economic Advisers, voted for a larger 0.5 percentage point cut.
Austan Goolsbee, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and Jeffrey Schmid, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, voted to hold rates steady.
A data blackout during the longest-ever US government shutdown, which ended in November, has left policymakers partially in the dark about the state of the economy. But concerns about a slowing job market continue to outweigh inflation fears, at least for now.
The unemployment rate ticked up from 4.3% to 4.4% in September, Labor Department figures showed in a delayed report released last month. Cutting interest rates is aimed at stimulating the job market by creating lower borrowing costs for businesses.
Fears about tariff-driven inflation had taken centre stage earlier this year when Trump pushed forward with sweeping tariffs on many of the country's largest trading partners.
Inflation is still above the Fed's 2% target. In September, it hit 3% for the first time since January.
But while tariffs appear to be boosting some consumer prices, recent milder-than-expected inflation readings have allowed the Fed to focus on boosting the labour market by lowering rates, analysts said.
Still, policymakers remain divided over the path forward for interest rates.
"The current committee is more divided than it has been in a very long time," said Matthew Pallai, chief investment officer at Nomura Capital Management.
"The Fed's policy over the next few meetings will come down to a risk management exercise where one risk is considered more significant than the other," he added.
The central bank's so-called dot plot, a quarterly anonymous economic forecast, showed on Wednesday a median expectation for one additional 0.25 percentage point cut in 2026.
That prediction was unchanged from the previous dot plot in September.
Central bankers are poised to have a bit more clarity next week, with the expected release of official data on the labour market and inflation for November.
The incoming data could shift policymakers' outlook, potentially bolstering calls for further easing next year if there are new signs that the job market is stalling.
The central bank's latest cut also comes ahead of an expected announcement from the White House about Trump's pick to replace Jerome Powell, whose term as Fed chair ends next May.
Trump could announce his pick as soon as within the next few weeks.
Kevin Hassett, a long-time conservative economist and key Trump economic adviser, is seen as the front-runner to succeed Powell.
A Trump loyalist, Hassett served as chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers during Trump's first term and now leads the National Economic Council.
He has been a stalwart defender of Trump's economic policies, downplaying data showing signs of weakness in the US economy, doubling down on allegations of bias at the Bureau of Labor Statistics and backing Trump's handling of the Fed.
Hassett's allegiance to the president has drawn questions from analysts about whether he would act independently and how much sway he would have with other members of the board.
Other names that have been floated for the Fed chair include economist Kevin Warsh, current Fed Governor Christopher Waller and even Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent.
Trump is "still making up his mind, and he's looking for someone who will be in his way of thinking," Thomas Hoenig, a distinguished senior fellow at the Mercatus Center, told the BBC.
The candidates, he added, "have to project that they will be independent, or the markets will become quite nervous - and that will create more volatility".

GCHQFans of codebreaking, maths and brainteasers can now try their hand at the latest cryptic Christmas challenge set by GCHQ, the UK's intelligence agency.
GCHQ released their annual Christmas card on Wednesday, filled with puzzles and hidden codes designed to help children aged 11-18 test a range of problem-solving skills.
The card was created by "schoolchildren as well as spies", according to GCHQ, after hundreds of young people entered a design competition in the lead-up to the festive period.
It contains seven puzzles set by "GCHQ's in-house puzzlers", geared towards testing a range of problem-solving skills, including "intuitive reasoning" and "lateral thinking".
The quiz starts with Question 1:
Somewhere on the card is a special seven letter word which has no repeated letters, and no letters which are next to each other in the alphabet. Can you find it? * Answer at the bottom of the page
Students were asked to draw their response to the question: "What do you think GCHQ looks like on Christmas Day?". They were challenged to embed hidden codes, and ciphers into their designs.
Three winners were selected by a panel of judges across three age groups.
The famously tricky puzzles "aren't meant to be solved alone", GCHQ said, adding: "We believe the right mix of minds means we can solve seemingly impossible problems."
"Puzzles are at the heart of GCHQ's work to keep the country safe from hostile states, terrorists and criminals; challenging our teams to think creatively and analytically every day", said GCHQ Director Anne Keast-Butler.
She said she hoped the puzzle encourages the next generation "to explore STEM subjects and consider the rewarding careers available in cybersecurity and intelligence".
Meanwhile, the spy agency's "Chief Puzzler", known only as "Colin", said the puzzles are designed to test "the same blend of skills our teams use every day to keep the country safe."
* The answer is: Special (the clue is written into the text)

ReutersRushed out in under three weeks, Nicolas Sarkozy's new book "A Prisoner's Diary" has plenty of colour about what it's like for a former president to find himself in the isolation wing of a French jail.
We learn that prisoner number 320535 had a 12 square metre cell, equipped with a bed, desk, fridge, shower and television. There was a window, but the view was blocked by a massive plastic panel placed outside.
"It was clean and light enough," writes Sarkozy. "One could almost have thought one was in a bottom-of-the-range hotel – were it not for the reinforced door with an eye-hole for the prison guards to look through."
Sarkozy, 70, was released from La Santé prison in Paris last month after serving 20 days of a five-year jail sentence for taking part in an election campaign funding conspiracy. This is his 216-page memoir.
Told he would have to spend 23 hours out of 24 in his room – and that contact with anyone other than a prison employee was forbidden – the former president chose not to take the option of a daily walk in the yard, "more like a cage than a place of promenade".
Instead he took his daily exercise on a running machine in the tiny sports room, which "became – in my situation – a veritable oasis".


There is plenty more like this: how he was kept awake on his first night by a neighbour in the isolation wing singing a song from The Lion King and rattling his spoon along the bars of his cell.
How he was "touched by the kindness, delicacy and respect of the prison staff… each one of who addressed me by the title Président".
And how he was able to cover the walls of his cell with postcards from all the people writing to express their support.
"Touching and sincere, it bore witness to a deep personal bond even though I'd left office so long ago," he writes.
The details fascinate. Perhaps more consequential are the ruminations on fate, justice and politics.
Sarkozy was sent to jail after a court found him guilty of criminal association for allowing subordinates to try to raise election money 20 years ago from Libya's Colonel Gaddafi.
At the end of the trial in October, the judge – who could have allowed Sarkozy to remain at liberty pending his appeal – ruled instead that he should go to jail. Three weeks after his incarceration, he was allowed out following a plea from his lawyers.
The former president strongly denies the charges against him, and claims to be the victim of a politically-motivated cabal within the French justice system.
This is all rehearsed again in the book. Indeed at one point Sarkozy compares himself with France's most famous victim of justice, Alfred Dreyfus – the Jewish officer who was sent to Devil's Island on a trumped-up espionage charge.
"For any impartial observer who knows their history, the similarities are striking," he writes.
"The Dreyfus affair originated from fake documents. So did mine… Dreyfus was degraded in front of the troops, when they stripped him of his decorations. I was dismissed from the Legion of Honour, in front of the whole nation.
"And Dreyfus was imprisoned in the Santé – a place which I now know well," he writes.

AFP via Getty ImagesSarkozy's dismissal from the Legion of Honour - in which as president he had served as Grand Master – is the occasion to settle accounts in the book with France's current president Emmanuel Macron.
From being a close supporter of Macron, Sarkozy now says he has "turned the page – without going so far as to enter systematic opposition to his politics or person.
"Emmanuel Macron already has too many declared enemies, vilifiers and disappointed friends for me to add to their number."
Sarkozy's beef is that Macron never had the "courage" to call him in person to explain why he was being discharged from the Legion. "Had he telephoned, I would have understood his arguments and accepted the decision," he writes. "Not doing it showed his motives were at the very least insincere."
But it is Sarkozy's relations with another political leader – Marine Le Pen – which have attracted most attention in France among reviewers of the book. This is because of the unwonted affection that the former president displays to his one-time arch-rival.
"I appreciated the public declarations she made following my conviction, which were brave and totally unambiguous," he writes.
Sarkozy telephoned to thank her and he says they had a friendly conversation, at the end of which he undertook not to be party to any future "Republican Front" designed to keep her National Rally from winning an election.
Later he goes on: "Many voters [for the RN] today were supporters of me when I was politically active… Insulting the leaders of the RN is to insult their voters, that is to say people who are potentially our voters.
"I have a lot of differences with the leaders of the RN… But to exclude them from the Republican fold would be a mistake."
Such accolades from the mainstream are rare for Marine Le Pen and her young co-leader Jordan Bardella.
Coming from a former president who still wields much influence among the traditional French right, the words are like political gold dust.

Getty ImagesItalian cooking has been awarded special cultural heritage status by the United Nations' cultural agency Unesco.
National favourites including pizza are already on Unesco's list of "intangible cultural heritage", but now Italian cooking traditions and the way they are practiced and transmitted have been awarded.
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who has been pushing for her country's cuisine to be recognised since her election, said: "For us Italians, cuisine is not just food or a collection of recipes. It is so much more: it is culture, tradition, work, wealth."
For millions of fans the news confirms what they already believed - from Sicilian Cannoli to Calabrian 'Nduja - Italian is the best.
The announcement was made during a Unesco assembly meeting in the Indian capital Delhi on Wednesday.
The cultural agency described Italian cuisine as a "means of connecting with family and the community, whether at home, in schools, or through festivals, ceremonies and social gatherings".
Koshary, the spicy dish of lentils, rice, and pasta available at countless Egyptian food stalls, was also added to the list of intangible cultural heritage.
Other countries have had their "practices, skills, traditions and social practices related to foodways" recognised by Unesco, a spokesperson from the agency told the BBC.
Previous examples include "Washoku, traditional dietary cultures of the Japanese, notably for the celebration of New Year, Breakfast culture in Malaysia: dining experience in a multi-ethnic society, or the Gastronomic meal of the French," the spokesperson added.
Speaking to La Repubblica, the Rome-based daily newspaper, chef Michelangelo Mammoliti said the news filled him with a great sense of pride both personally as an Italian, as well as professionally as a chef.
"Italy is one of the nations where regional cuisine has a very big impact on culture and traditions," said the chef, whose restaurant La Rei Natura in Piedmont is the only new three-star restaurant in the 2026 Michelin Guide.
Italy's industry leaders and government ministers will be hoping that the move further boosts tourism to the country, which already welcomes 80 million international visitors annually.
Luigi Scordamaglia, CEO of Filiera Italia, which represents all the food and wine companies in the production chain, told Ansa news agency that the move from Unesco marked a success "for the entire Made in Italy supply chain".
Mr Scordamaglia also spoke about the role of the Mediterranean diet in promoting good health.
He added: "When we talk about the Mediterranean diet, we're talking about our wonderful Italian cuisine, which shares its principles, first and foremost those of balance and variety."
Swimming pool culture in Iceland; the practice of Cuban Son music and dance; and the art of playing, singing and making the lahuta from Albania also entered Unesco's list of intangible cultural heritage.

各位听众,中国植树造林如此之多,以至于扰乱了全国的水循环,这是近日法国媒体指出的。经过数十年的大规模植树造林,中国发现了一个意想不到的副作用:这些造林项目深刻地改变了植被,将淡水从一个地区转移到另一个地区,有时加剧了干旱。
几十年来,中国一直致力于植树造林,特别是通过其天然林保护计划。早在1978年,中国就启动了“绿色长城”工程,旨在通过打造大片森林带来对抗戈壁沙漠的侵蚀。这些项目已保护和造林面积达170万平方公里。这是法媒斯拉特网站(Slate)指出的。
过去五十年间,中国的森林覆盖率从1949年的约10%增加到如今的25%以上。法媒问道:这是一件好事吗?这是当然的,即便新的研究削弱了这一成功的正面效果:因新研究表明,中国通过植树造林和恢复草原来减缓土地退化和气候变化的努力,已经深刻地改变了水循环。
根据最近发表在《地球的未来》杂志上的一项研究,2001 年至 2020 年间,植被覆盖的变化导致东部季风区和西北部干旱地区的人类和生态系统可利用的淡水减少;这些地区加起来占了中国土地面积的 74%。
植树造林加剧了水资源短缺
相反地,研究人员发现,在覆盖中国其他地区的青藏高原,同期可用水量有所增加。该研究报告的联合作者、荷兰乌得勒支大学生态系统韧性助理教授阿里·斯塔尔 (Arie Staal)在给《生命科学》的一封邮件中表示:“我们观察到,土地利用方式的改变正在重新分配水资源。”
三个主要过程将水从大陆输送到大气层:植物的蒸发和蒸腾作用将水带到地面,降水将水带回地面。
蒸散作用的强度取决于植被、水的可用性和接收到的太阳能,而重新造林会显著改变蒸散作用:“草原和森林通常会增加蒸散作用,森林尤其如此,因为树木的根系很深,即使在干旱时期也能获取水分。”阿里·斯塔尔解释道。

乌克兰周三(12月10日)向美国提交最新版本的结束俄乌战争和平方案;与此同时,美国总统特朗普最新表态称,美国“不想在乌克兰问题上浪费时间”;美乌双方高层就乌克兰战后重建举行会议,确认重建框架已与美方达成“关键共识”。
两名乌克兰消息人士向法新社证实,乌克兰政府周三已向美国递交最新版本的“结束与俄罗斯战争的和平方案”。该方案被视为基辅推动未来谈判的重要基础文件。
此份文件是乌克兰最新修订的版本,内容尚未公开。基辅方面强调,方案旨在为未来可能的谈判建立明晰框架,并寻求美方政治支持。
乌克兰总统泽连斯基在周三晚间讲话中表示,结束战争的“20 点基础文件”仍在持续完善,并辅以两份补充性文件,分别涉及 安全保障与经济重建。
特朗普放话:美国“不想把时间浪费在乌克兰问题上”
美国总统特朗普周三在公开讲话中称,美国“并不想把时间浪费在乌克兰问题上”,特朗普言论被外界解读为对基辅施压,要求其尽快在未来可能的对俄谈判中拿出清晰方案。
美乌讨论战后重建:对“经济蓝图”已达成要点一致
路透社报道指出,泽连斯基周三表示,他与美国财政部长贝森特及多名美方高级官员已就乌克兰重建计划的关键点达成一致。会谈聚焦一份“经济文件”,泽连斯基在会后称:“文件中的原则完全清晰,我们与美方保持完全一致。”
泽连斯基强调,重建的核心原则是:战后经济增长必须“真实可见”;重建须“更高标准”;“安全必须成为中心要素,有安全,才能有一切”。
乌方同时确认,除和平文件外,另两份文件正在推进中,分别涉及长期安全架构与经济重建路线图。